saying that “the rubies grow in India,” proceeds to state that those of
finest quality and greatest value were for the most part gathered in a
river called Pegu and were named _nir puce_ by the Malabars. As a test
of their fineness, the Hindus would touch them with the tip of the
tongue, the coldest (densest) being the best. When a superior ruby was
thus picked out, the examiner would attach a little wax to its finest
point, and so pick it up and look through it against a bright light; by
this means any blemish would immediately become apparent. These rubies
came not only from the river of Pegu but from other parts of the land of
the same name, often being discovered in deep mountain clefts. However,
they were not cut and polished in that country, but were merely cleaned
and sent for cutting to “Palecote and the country of Narsynga.”[704]
The balas-ruby (originally a spinel from Badakshan) was one of the most
admired precious stones in medieval times, before the diamond was helped
to its proud preëminence by having its beauties revealed through the
exercise of the diamond-cutters’ skill. Almost all the large “rubies” of
which we read, those of Europe at least, were balas-rubies, as were also
by far the greater part of the so-called rubies in Oriental royal
collections of that and later times. The great Italian poet Dante uses
this stone (_balascio_) as a symbol of the glowing radiance of divine
joy in the following lines from the Divina Commedia (Paradiso, ix,
67–69):
L’altra letizia, che m’era già nota
Preclara cosa, mi si fece in vista
Qual fin balascio in che lo sol percota.
In very ancient times as well as at the present day (if we admit that
the _anthrax_ of Theophrastus really was ruby and not a pyrope garnet),
the ruby was the most valuable of all precious stones, the Greek writer
stating that at the time he wrote, about 260 B.C., an exceedingly small
specimen would sell for as much as forty gold pieces. His statement that
these stones came from Carthage and Marseilles should not induce us to
prejudge the question as to their real character, as many articles of
Asiatic commerce were distributed from these parts, more especially from
the great Carthaginian seaport.[705]
A variety of sapphire, having, to a certain extent, the coloration of
the ruby, was called by natives of Ceylon in the sixteenth century
_nilacandi_;[706] this might be rendered sapphire-ruby. These stones are
purple-red by daylight, but artificial light kills the blue and they
appear red. They are frequently called phenomenal sapphires or
alexandrite sapphires.
Indian poetic fancy has connected the creation of sapphires in Ceylon
with the fair maidens of that island.[707]
When the young Cingalese maidens sway, with the tips of their fingers,
the stems of the lavali blossoms, then do the two dark blue eyes of
the Daitya fall, eyes with a sheen like that of the lotus in full
bloom.
Hence it is that this island, with its long sea-coast and its
interminable forests of ketskas, abounds in magnificent sapphires,
which are its glory.
The following pretty bit of Oriental imagery occurs in a Cinghalese poem
on the deeds of Constantino de Sá, a Portuguese Captain-General. Here
the poet, writing of a river that flowed through the island, calls it
“that lovely stream, the Kaluganga, which meandered as a sapphire chain
over the shoulders of the maiden Lanka.”[708] Lanka is a Cingalese name
for Ceylon.
The depth of the coloration of sapphires and other stones was believed
to indicate their degree of “ripeness,” the pale stones being “unripe.”
As an illustration of this, Cardano instances a sapphire he had
examined, a small part of which was blue, while the rest resembled a
diamond. Specimens of this kind exist in several collections.[709] The
writer has seen many that are dark blue when viewed from above, and
almost white when viewed through the back. The Cinghalese lapidaries had
very cleverly cut a crystal that was white, with a thin coating of blue,
so that the blue was at the back, fully realizing the wonderful
dispersive power of the sapphire, and that it would appear dark blue if
viewed from above. The value was naturally only trifling compared with
that of a perfectly even-colored gem.
Al-Berûnî (973–1048 A.D.) gives as the hues of the “red _yakut_” (ruby),
pomegranate-colored safran (henna), purple, flesh-colored, rose-colored,
and of the shade of a pomegranate blossom. Other colors of the _yakut_
(corundum crystals) were yellow (Oriental topaz), gray, green (Oriental
emerald), white (white sapphire), and black. A henna-colored _yakut_, if
weighing one mitqal (about 24 carats), was valued at 5000 dinars
($12,500), if its weight was half as much, or about 12 carats, it was
esteemed to be worth 2000 dinars ($4500), but for one weighing as much
as 2 mitqals (48 carats) no definite price could be given, probably
because of its great rarity and costliness.[710]
The Sanskrit name for the topaz, _pita_, signifies “the yellow stone.”
This Sanskrit word is thought by many to be the original of the Hebrew
_pitdah_, a stone of the high-priest’s breastplate. Another Sanskrit
name is pushparaga, “flower-colored.”[711] It must be borne in mind,
however, that these names refer not to our topaz but to yellow corundum,
or Oriental topaz, as it has often been called.
A topaz of exceptional size is that known as the “Maxwell-Stuart
Topaz”[712] from the name of the owner. It was brought from Ceylon to
England with a lot of inferior rubies and sapphires for use in
watchmaking, and was believed to be simply a piece of quartz. So little
was it appreciated that when sold at auction it only brought £3 10s.
($17.50). When on closer examination its true quality became apparent,
the owner decided to have it cut in brilliant form. The operation
required twenty-eight days’ consecutive work, the diamond-wheel being
used, and resulted in the production of a fine cut stone of a pure white
hue, weighing 368³¹⁄₃₂ carats. When the cutting was partially completed,
a “feather” became apparent that would have spoiled the table, but as it
was still possible to reverse the position of table and culet, this was
done, and the “feather” removed. At this time, in 1879, this topaz could
lay claim to being the largest cut stone in existence, although its size
is considerably surpassed now by that of the largest Cullinan diamond,
516½ carats.
The same exceptional position taken by jade among the Chinese is
occupied by turquoise among the Tibetans; these are so emphatically
primates among gem-minerals that the very name “stone” seems a
designation unworthy of them, and as a Chinese would say, “it is _jade_,
not a stone,” so would a loyal Tibetan exclaim of his favorite gem, “it
is a _turquoise_, not a stone.” Another indication of the exceptional
rank of turquoise in Tibet is that, as with the famous Oriental and
European diamonds and also with some celebrated balas-rubies, certain of
the first turquoises of Tibet have received individual names, such, for
example, as “the resplendent turquoise of the gods” and “the white
turquoise of the gods.” A tradition relates that the largest turquoise
found up to that time was discovered in the eighth century A.D. by King
Du-srong Mang-po on the summit of a mountain near the sacred Tibetan
city of Lhasa.[713]
In 1613, Shah Abbas of Persia sent to Jehangir six bags of
“turquoise-dust,” weighing in all some 23½ pounds Troy. However, the
material proved to be of very inferior quality, for the jewellers
searched in vain through the whole mass for a single stone fit for
setting in a ring. Jehangir consoles himself with the reflection that
“probably in these days turquoise-dust is not procurable such as it was
in the time of Shah Tahmasp.”[714]
When the Syrian monarch Antiochus XIII visited Syracuse during the
prætorship of Caius Verres, he bore with him many richly adorned
vessels, some of them being of gold set with gems after the Syrian
fashion. However, the finest of all was a wine-cup carved out of a
single piece of precious-stone material. When this had once met the gaze
of the greedy Verres, he did not rest until he had got it into his
possession. To attain his end he resorted to a most ignoble stratagem.
Professing his ardent admiration of this as well as of the other
richly-adorned and finely-wrought vessels, Verres requested that they
might be left with him for a short time so that he might contemplate
them at his leisure, and might also have an opportunity to submit them
to examination by his goldsmiths with a view to having some copies
executed. Antiochus readily acceded to this request, but when after the
lapse of a few days he wished to regain possession of his things, Verres
put him off from day to day, on one pretext or another. Finally, as
Antiochus refused to take the more than broad hints that the precious
objects should be bestowed as gifts, Verres spread the rumor that a
piratical fleet was on its way from Syria to attack Sicily, and forced
Antiochus to leave the island that very day, retaining the borrowed
vessels in spite of all remonstrances.[715]
That precious stones should be used to decorate the teeth seems a rather
queer development of art, although the practice is not altogether
unknown at the present day, when we hear now and again of diamonds being
set in teeth to satisfy the vanity of some eccentric individual. In
pre-Colombian times, however, there is abundant evidence that this
strange form of personal adornment was by no means rare, several
examples having been unearthed from burials in Ecuador, and evidence of
the usage being offered by remains from Mexico and also from Central
America. Among the Mayans here jadeite seems to have been the stone
principally favored for this purpose, while in Mexico hematite has been
met with in Oaxaca, turquoise in Vera Cruz, and at other places in the
land, rock-crystal and obsidian.[716] For the insertion of the stones,
the primitive dental artists carefully and skilfully cut or rubbed away
the enamel from a section of the front part of the tooth to be
decorated, and then applied the precious stone, cut to the required
shape, as an inlay. The way in which this was done gives evidence of a
remarkably high degree of skill in this line of work; in many cases an
inlay of gold was used, instead of a precious stone, and it has even
been conjectured that some of these gold inlays represent a kind of gold
filling for the protection of the tooth. While this is open to question,
the undoubted fact that new teeth were occasionally inserted to take the
place of those which had fallen out or decayed, as shown in several
specimens, might be regarded as corroborative of the broader assumption.
The expert workmanship of these pre-Colombian “dental surgeons” is
clearly manifested in the good condition of the teeth whence so much of
the enamel had been removed, showing that the inlays must have been so
closely adjusted that the tooth was effectively protected from the
introduction of moisture.
One of the latest fashionable fads, suggested by the great variety of
bright-colored costumes worn by the _mondaines_ (and others) at the
present day, is the selection and wear of jewelry set with stones of the
same color as the striking gown. Thus with a costume of glowing red, the
ruddy ruby would be chosen, a sky-blue costume would insure the wearing
of the justly popular sapphire, dress of a golden-yellow hue would call
for one of the shades of topazes, while the “new brown,” now so much in
vogue, finds its complementary stone in topaz of a slightly darker
shade. The grass-green costume would suggest one of the many beautiful
shades of the tourmaline, and jewelry of the pink tourmaline would be
appropriate to garments of this color. With their wonderful play of
color, opals would accord with all varieties of hue in costume and might
thus be worn with either of the other more especially matched stones.
An old account of the London trades and guilds, in writing of the
jewellers’ art, makes the following statement regarding the
qualifications of a jeweller, as appropriate to our own times as to any
other.[717]
He ought to be an elegant Designer, and have a quick Invention for new
Patterns, not only to range the stones in such manner as to give
Lustre to one another, but to create Trade; for a new Fashion takes as
much with the Ladies in Jewels as in anything else; he that can
furnish them oftenest with the newest Whim has the best Chance for
their Custom.
Index
A
Aazem, great name of God, on rain-stone,5
Abarchiel, angel of March, 248
Abbott, Charles E., vii
Abdos, St., 252
Abenzoar, 136
Abracadabra charm, 326, 327
Abraham, 86
Abrantès, Duchesse d’, 295
Acontus, St., 252
Acosta, José de, 210
Acrostics in jewels, 375
Actinolite, 29
Acts of the Apostles in burning of Ephesian magic books, 325
Adair, 107
_Adlerstein_, 193
Ægospotami, meteor of, 79, 80
Aepinus, Franz Ulrich Theodor, 54
_Ætites_, 20, 124, 173–178
names of, in various languages, 175
Ætius, 174
Agapitus, St., 252
Agate, 30, 31, 291, 317, 324
amulets of, in Spain, 368
as Anglo-Saxon talisman, 331
banded, stone of Benjamin, symbolical meaning of, 283
curative use of, 129
dog’s head amulet of, from Mexico, 351
“eye-,” 315
idol of red, in Kaabah, 84
pebbles of, with natural markings, 377
“rainbow agate,” 377, 378
Agatha, St., 257, 272
Agincourt, battle of, 259
“Ahnighito,” great Cape York meteorite, 97
Alban, St., stone in Abbey of, 151–153
Al-Beruni’s statement of prices of precious stones in eleventh century,
403
Alcathous, 2
Alchemist’s gold, 14, 16
medallion transmuted into, 15
medal made from, 15, 16
Alchemy, 14–16
_Alectorius_, 20, 119, 160, 179, 180, 181
Alexander the Great, 299, 322, 324, 378
wonderful stones found by, 70
Alexandra, Queen, talisman of, 362
Allen, Edward Heron, 116
Amazon stones, 143, 148, 304, 320
symbol of Suffrage Party, 374
Amber, 60–64, 297, 343, 345, 358
account of, by Tacitus, 60
beads, 61–63
bulls of Romans, 60
crucifix of yellow, 295
curative power of, 62
electrical property of, 63
hair, 61
necklace of, as aid to longevity, 63
oil of, 64
Ambergris, 185, 186
Ambrose, St., 243, 272
American Folk Lore Society’s exhibit in Chicago, 190, 191, 352
American Museum of Natural History, 32, 34, 96, 99
Amethyst, 58, 123, 296, 330, 335
engraved, in Egyptian amulets, 280
necklace of, ancient Egyptian, 317
stone of Dan, symbolical meaning of, 283
Amitabha, emanation of Adi-Buddha, coral statuette of, in Royal Chapel
at Lhasa, Tibet, 303
Amulets and talismans, 313–376
Abracadabra, 326, 327
against Evil Eye, 345–347
Babylonian, 314, 315
Chinese jade wands as, 385
detected by Röntgen rays, 358
Egyptian necklace of, 317
Egyptian, with engraved amethyst, 280
encircled with elephant’s hair, 375
explanations of influence of, 313, 314
for animals, 360
fragments of skull used as, 331–334
from Pueblo Bonito ruins, 352
from Russia, 308
Gnostic, with seven vowels, 328
_hei-tikis_ of New Zealand jade, 361
Hindu, 330, 340
in the Bible, 278, 322, 323, 325, 360
in Ecuador, to arouse love, 350
in Egypt, 317–321
in old Italian MS., 327, 328
in Persian grave, 324
jade, in Panama, 349
life preserving, story of, 366, 367
“mummy eyes,” Peruvian, 350
of agate and coral in Spain, 367, 368
of Catherine de’ Medici, 334
of hematite, 383
of Mexican Indians, 348
of Paris, 329
of the Czar, 309
Pascal’s, 337
pearls as, 392
Queen Elizabeth’s, 337
set in the skin in Burma, 345
“Talisman of Charlemagne,” 329–331
teeth and bone used as, 368, 369
Tibetan, 343–345
used by Eskimos, 358, 359
Anatganor, angel of December, 248
Anaxagoras, predicts fall of meteorite, 80
“Angelical stone,” for visions, 16
Angels, 241–251
figures of, on medieval gems, 245
guardian, 244, 246, 248, 249, 250
in Song of Moses, 250
Luther’s opinion of guardian, 250
Mohammedan, world-bearer, on ruby-rock, 248
not to be worshipped outside the church, 244
of months, in Sepher de-Adam Kadmah, 247, 248
seven good, and seven bad, 246, 247
Anglo-Saxon “Laece Bok,” of Bald, 331
Anna, Santa, President of Mexico, 256
Anne, St., 253, 272
de Beaupré, shrine of, 254–256
jewel dedicated to, 256
relics of, 255, 256
Antar, Persian hero, legend of, 88, 89
Anthony, St., of Padua, 253, 266, 272
medallion given to church of, by Pope Paul V, 254
_Anthrax_, 401
Aphrodite, 81
Apollo, 3
Apollonia, St., of Alexandria, 272
legend of, 257
Apollonius of Tyana, 81
Aquamarine, engraved with head of Julia, 288
“Aqua Tofana,” 266
Ariston, St., 252
Aristophanes, 284
Aristotle, pseudo-, 5, 69, 70, 163, 396
Arnobio, Cleandro, 140, 142
Arnobius, 74
Arphe, Enrique d’, 294
Aschentrekker (ash-attractor), a Dutch designation of tourmaline, 52,
54
Asis Artau, Francisco d’, 295
_Askal_, stone said to break the diamond, 69
Assos, Asia Minor, stone of, 3
Astarte, 81, 83
Asteria, 291
_Astroites_, 199
_Atnongara_-stones of Australian medicine-men, 16
Aubrey, John, 260
Auspicius, St., 255
Autoglyphus, 196
“Aviator-stone,” 116, 117
Avicenna (Ben Sina), 90, 125, 138
Azaêl, angel, 246
B
Baccii, Andrea, 153
_Bætyli_, 76, 82
Bajazet II, Sultan, 291
Balas-ruby, 401, 404
Bannockburn, Battle of, 25
Barbara de Portugal, Queen of Spain, 295
Barbara, St., 273
legend of, 258
Barbosa, Duarte, 401
Barnabas, St., 268, 273
Baroda, Gaikwar of, 380
Bartholomæus Anglicus, 147, 394, 395
Bartholomew, St., 271
Basillæ, St., 252
_Battê ha-nephesh_ of Hebrews, 360
Bauhin, Caspar, 202
Bausch, 175, 176
Belaleazar, Sebastian de, 311
Belemnites, 112, 161, 191
Bellermann, Johann Joachim, 278
Belucci, Prof. Giuseppe, 107, 145, 200
Benzinger, 78
Berghem, Lodowyk van, 295
Berlin Academy of Sciences, 54
Bertholin, Caspar, 139
Beryl, 287, 317
curative use of, 130
stone of Gad, symbolical meaning of, 283
Bezoar, 13, 17, 123, 126, 160, 170, 201–220
American, 218, 219
etymology of name, 203
from monkeys, 203
from skull of rhinoceros, 211
genesis of, according to Peruvians, 210
mineral, 211
Occidental, 212–215
prices of, 204, 208, 214, 216, 218
Queen Elizabeth’s, 215
Rudolph II’s, 215, 216
test of, as poison antidote, by Ambroise Paré, 205–207
by Emperor Rudolph II, 208, 209
“Black magic,” 29
“Black stone” of Kaabah at Mecca, 73, 84–88
Blaise, St., 256, 257, 267, 273
Blake, W. W., vii
Bloodstone, 121, 286
Bomare, Valmont de, 155, 217
“Book of the Dead,” extracts from, 318–320
Boot, Anselmus de, 65, 144, 145, 151, 162, 165, 192, 199, 204, 223, 226
Borodino, battle of, 96
Borrichius, Plaus, 154
Boston Museum of Fine Arts, 317
Boulder’s, legends of, 38 _sqq._, 263
Boyle, Robert, 105, 125
Braddock, Charles, vii
Brantôme, Seigneur de, 305, 306
Brereton, Sir William, 111
Brezina, Aristides, 90
British Museum, 32, 307
Broca, Paul, 332
Broichan the Druid and St. Columba, 24, 156
_Brontia_, 162, 197, 198
Browne, Sir Thomas, on amulets, 314
Bruce, Robert, 25
Brückmann, U. F. B., 127
_Bucardites_, 196
Buddha, gem on images of, 297
jewelled pagoda over sacred footprint of, 299
solid gold image of, 303, 304
vases offered to, 297
_Bufonitis_, or “toad-stone,” 163
Burckhardt, 85
Burgarde, St., 267
Burton’s “Anatomy of Melancholy,” on stone charms, 336
C
Caftanzoglu, 373
_Callimus_, inclusion in _ætites_, 174, 175
Callistratus, 62
Callistus, St., 252
Caloceri, St., 251
Candlemas Day, 269, 272
Cañon Diablo meteorite, 99–101
diamonds in, 100, 101
Canticles, 284, 322
Cantimpré, Thomas de, 12, 130, 164, 172, 180, 285, 336
Cape York meteorites, 96–98
chemical composition of, 98
Carbuncle, 279, 387
curative use of, 130
luminous, story of, told by Cellini, 378
Cardano, Girolamo, 144, 167, 336
Carew, Sir George, 214
Carnelian, 291, 297, 300, 317, 324, 361, 368, 378
rings, Mohammed’s good augury of, 379
stone of Reuben, symbolical meaning of, 281
used for amulets in ancient Egypt, 320
Carpoforus, St., 252
Carrington, Hereward, vii
Catherine II, Empress, 387
Catherine, St., of Alexandria, 259, 295
Catlin, George, 35, 36
Catlinite, 35, 37
Cat’s-eye, 11, 29
Cecil, Henry, 235
Cecil, Sir Robert, 214
Cellini, Benvenuto, 20, 378
_Ceraunia_, 82
Ceylon, temple treasure in, 298, 299
Chalcedony, 30, 31, 123, 131, 287, 291, 296, 301, 303, 361
Chalchihuitl, 304, 305, 307, 348
Charlemagne, Emperor, 189, 255, 288, 290
talisman of, 329–331
Charles V, Emperor, 294, 306
Charles V of France, 177
Charles IX of France, 294
Charles the Bald, 288
Charm in old Italian MS., 327, 328
_Chelidonius_, or “swallow-stone,” 119, 172
_Chelonia_, 170, 171, 198
Cheops, mummy of, decorated with precious stones, 279
_Chesbet_, Egyptian name of lapis lazuli, 149
Chicken Itzá, Sacred Well of, 307, 308
Chinkstone (phonolite), 2
Chladni, 95, 104
Chlorophane, 237
Christ, head of, engraved on emerald, 291, 292
Christian II of Denmark, his magic pebble, 21
Christian IV of Denmark, 140
Christopher, St., 258, 259
Christy collection, 309
Christy, David, 218
_Chrysocolla_, 53
Chrysolite (peridot), 287, 291
a sacred stone, 379
in Shakespeare’s Othello, 379
Chrysoprase, 123, 277, 287
_Cinædias_, 169
Claudian’s epigrams on rock-crystal, 32
Claui, St., 252
Clemens, St., 252
Clement VII, Pope, 387
Clerc, G. O., vii
Clotaire II, 262
Cochrane, Capt. Charles Stuart, 312
Coligny, Gaspard de, 207
Color, harmony of, between gowns and jewels, 407
Columba, St., and white pebbles, legend of, 24, 25, 156
Conrad III, King of the Germans, 290
Constantine the Great, 329
Constantine XII, of Greece, star-sapphire in sword of, 372–373
Coral, 30, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 126, 298, 301, 304, 341, 371
amulets of, in Spain, 368
Crispi’s amulet of, 339
curative use of, 131–133
greatly favored in Tibet, 343
in Benin, Africa, 379
ominous change of hue, 132, 133
selected for Dalai Lama’s incense vessel, 303
“tincture of,” 132
worn by Queen Helena of Italy, 380
_Cornu ammonis_, 197
Cortés, Hernan, 305, 307
Corundum, 133
varieties of, 396
“Crab’s eye,” 167
“Crabstone,” 121, 122
Crantz, David, 359
_Crapaudine_, or “toad-stone,” 164, 165
Crescentius, St., 252
Crispi, Francesco, 339
Crispin and Crispian, SS., 259, 273
Cross, jewelled, of Duke of Brunswick, 289
of Zaccaria, 290, 291
“Crown of the Virgin,” 287
Crystal, magic, of a Fijian, 364–366
Crystal balls as curative amulets, 25
Culin, Stewart, 358
Curative “crystals” of Australian medicine-men, 16
of Kainugá Indians of Paraguay, 18
of New Guinea medicine-men, 19
Curative use of gems, 118–159
for “Black Death” plague, 120
Francesco India’s opinion of, 124, 125
in Bohemia, 121
in Denmark, 126
in Leyden, 126, 127
of particular stones, 129–159
prices of stones, 123
Robert Boyle on, 125, 126
Cushing, Lieut. F. H., 310, 358
_Custodia_, or monstrance, examples of, in Spain, 294, 295
Cuthbert, St., 273
well of, 265
Cybele, image of, a meteorite, 74, 75
Cyprianus, St., 252, 253
Cyriacus, St., 252
D
_Dagoba_, jewelled Buddhist reliquary, 300
Damigeron, 129
Daniel, Book of, 242, 243, 250
David, St., 270, 273
Davison, J. M., 99
“Dawn stones” (eoliths), 109
Declan, St., 273
stone named after him, 43
De Foe, Daniel, 326
Delphi, Omphalus of, probably a meteorite, 76
“Depositio Martirum” of 354 A.D., 251, 252
“Devil’s stone,” boulder in East Prussia, 42
Diamond, 16, 61, 294, 300, 304, 372, 387
curative use of, 135
in Cañon Diablo meteorite, 99–101
said to have been given as poison in Baroda, 380
uncut, in “Sacred Shrine” of Chartres, 291
with cross effect in black and white, 296, 297
Diana, 81
Diaz de Castillo, Bernal, 305
Didanor, Angel of June, 247
Dieris of Central Africa, rain-stones of the, 6
Dietrich of Bern, Saga of, story of “Victory Stone” from, 199, 200
Dioscorides, 150, 173
Dodge, Mrs. William E., 99
Dog-collars set with coral as cure for hydrophobia, 131
Dolmens, curative stones of, 38
whirling stones of, 39
Domingo, Santo, Fiesta de, 309
Donato, St., amulets of, 265
Donne, John, 337
Dragons, gem-bearing, of India, 11
Draper, Mrs. Henry, vii
“Druid’s glass,” 227, 228
E
“Easter stone,” 285
Ebers papyrus, 148, 149
Echinites, 192, 193
Egede, Hans, 359
Elagabalus, Emperor, 83
Eldred, John, 389
Electric gems, 51–64
Elephants, 299, 301
“Elf-stones,” 108, 109, 110, 161
Elizabeth, Queen, 215, 337
Eloy, St., 264, 273
“Emanism,” term used to denote influence of amulets, 313
Emerald, 4, 16, 29, 53, 68, 119, 120, 123, 124, 125, 131, 136, 277,
278, 287, 291, 294, 298, 304, 310, 317, 324, 330, 343, 371, 395
ancient, from Berenice, Egypt, 382
cast into sacred lake of Guatavita, Colombia, 311
curative use of, 135
dedicated to Venus, 305
engraved with head of Christ, 291, 292
in cathedral of Mainz, 295
of Hernan Cortés, 305
of Temple of Melkarth at Tyre, 81
stone of Levi, symbolical meaning of, 281
_Enastros_, 192, 194
Encelius, 167
Enimie, St., legend of, 262, 264
_Entrochus_, 192, 194
Ephesian writings for amulets, etc., 325
Ephesus, Temple of Diana at, 81
_Épreuve_, or tester, 181
Erasmus, 164
Erasmus, St., 267