_Ad._ [Male]. _Orange_; forehead, face, throat, foreback, wings and
tail black; lesser wing-coverts and tips to greater ones white. _Ad._
[Female]. Yellowish below, brownish olive-green above, two white
wing-bars. _Yng._ [Male]. Like [Female], but throat black. _Notes._
See No. 507.
Range.--Mexico; migrating north to the Lower Rio Grande; winters in
Mexico.
=505a. Arizona Hooded Oriole= (_I. c. nelsoni_). Similar to No. 505,
but head, rump, etc. yellow instead of orange.
Range.--Northwestern Mexico and Lower California, migrating north to
southwestern New Mexico, Arizona, and southern California, west of
Sierra Nevada; winters in Mexico.
[Illustration: 507.]
=507. Baltimore Oriole= (_Icterus galbula_). L. 7.5. _Ad._ [Male].
Throat, whole head, foreback, wings and middle tail-feathers black;
breast, belly, rump, lesser wing-coverts and ends of outer
tail-feathers orange; wing-coverts and tertials margined with white.
_Ad._ [Female]. Head and foreback olive-yellow spotted with black;
rump and tail brownish yellow; below dull yellow, throat generally
blackish. _Notes._ The notes of all the orange and black Orioles known
to me are mellow, musical, querulous whistles generally given in
detached fragments, all much alike in character but distinguishable
when one becomes familiar with them.
Range.--Eastern North America west to the Rocky Mountains; breeds from
Florida and eastern Texas north to New Brunswick and the Saskatchewan;
winters in Central and South America.
[Illustration: 508.]
=508. Bullock Oriole= (_Icterus bullocki_). L. 7.5. _Ad._ [Male].
_Cheeks_, most of underparts, forehead and line over eye orange; rump
and outer tail-feathers yellower; center of throat, crown, foreback
and middle tail-feathers black; a large white wing-patch. _Ad._
[Female]. Above olive grayish brown; below yellowish, belly whiter;
tail olive-yellow; wings blackish, median coverts tipped, greater
coverts externally margined with white; chin sometimes blackish.
_Yng._ [Male]. Like [Female], but center of throat and lores black.
_Notes._ See No. 507.
Range.--Western North America, from Mexico north to Assiniboia and
British Columbia; east to western Texas; west to the Pacific; winters
in Mexico.
[Illustration: 637.]
=637. Prothonotary Warbler= (_Protonotaria citrea_). L. 5.5.
Tail-feathers with large white areas. _Ad._ [Male]. Whole head and
underparts orange-yellow; back greenish yellow; rump gray. _Ad._
[Female]. Crown greenish like back; yellow paler; belly whitish;
less white in tail. _Notes._ Call, a sharp, metallic _chink_; song,
a "high pitched, penetrating and startling" "_peet_, _tsweet_,
_tsweet_, _tsweet_, _tsweet_, _tsweet_." (Jones.)
Range.--Eastern North America; breeds from the Gulf States north to
Virginia, Ohio, and southern Minnesota; winters in the tropics.
[Illustration: 651.]
=651. Olive Warbler= (_Dendroica olivacea_). L. 5.2. _Ad._ [Male].
Head and breast orange brown, a black band through the eye; back
olive-gray; belly grayish; wing-bars white; outer tail-feathers
largely white. _Ad._ [Female]. Above olive-gray, head yellower;
eye-band dusky; breast yellow; belly white. _Notes._ Song, a liquid
_quirt quirt_, _quirt_, in a descending scale. (Price.)
Range.--Highlands of Guatemala and Mexico north to mountains of
Arizona and New Mexico.
[Illustration: 662.]
=662. Blackburnian Warbler= (_Dendroica blackburniA|_). L. 5.2. _Ad._
[Male]. Throat, line over eye, center of crown, and sides of neck
bright orange; back black with a few whitish streaks; wing-bars
broadly white; tail-spots white. _Ad._ [Female]. Yellow areas paler;
above grayish streaked with blackish. _Yng. and Ad. in Winter._
Similar to Ad. [Male], but throat paler, back browner; wing with two
distinct bars. _Notes._ Song, _wee-see-wee-see, tsee-tsee_, _tsee_,
_tsee-tsee_, _tsee_, _tsee_, in an ascending scale, the last shrill
and fine.
Range.--Eastern North America; breeds from northern New England (and
in Berkshire and Worcester counties, Massachusetts), and northern
Minnesota, north to Labrador and Hudson Bay region, (and south in
Alleghanies to South Carolina); winters in tropics.
[Illustration: 687.]
=687. Redstart= (_Setophaga ruticilla_). L. 5.4. _Ad._ [Male]. Black;
sides of breast, band in wings and in tail rich salmon. _Ad._
[Female]. Sides of breast, band in wings and in tail dull yellow; back
olive-brown, crown gray; below whitish. _Yng._ [Male]. Intermediate
between adults. _Notes._ Song, _ching_, _ching_, _chee_; _ser-wee_,
_swee_, _swe-e-e_.
Range.--North America; rare on the Pacific coast; breeds from North
Carolina, and Kansas north to Labrador and Alaska; winters in the West
Indies, Central and South America.
[Illustration: 748.]
=748. Golden-crowned Kinglet= (_Regulus satrapa_). L. 4.1. _Ad._
[Male]. Crown orange and yellow bordered by black; a whitish line over
eye; back grayish olive-green; below soiled whitish. A blackish band
in wing bordered basally by yellowish white. _Ad._ [Female]. No orange
in crown, its whole center yellow. _Notes._ Call, a fine, high
_ti-ti_; song, five or six fine, shrill high-pitched notes ending in a
short, rapid, rather explosive warble, "_tzee_, _tzee_, _tzee_,
_tzee_, _ti_, _ti_, _ter_, _ti-ti-ti_."
Range.--North America; breeds from northern United States northward,
and southward along the Rockies into Mexico and in the Alleghanies to
North Carolina; winters from about its southern breeding limit to the
Gulf States and Mexico.
=748a. Western Golden-crowned Kinglet= (_R. s. olivaceus_). Similar to
No. 748, but upperparts brighter olive-green; underparts with a
brownish tinge.
Range.--Pacific coast region; breeds from the higher Sierra Nevada of
California north to southern Alaska.
[Illustration: 666.]
=666. Golden-cheeked Warbler= (_Dendroica chrysoparia_). L. 5. _Ad._
[Male]. Throat, crown and _back_ black; cheeks and spot in forehead
yellow; a narrow black line through eye; wing-bars and tail-patches
white. _Ad._ [Female]. Above olive green with _black streaks_; cheeks
duller than in [Male], eye-streak dusky; throat yellow, breast
blackish; belly _white_. _Notes._ Song, _tser_, _weasy-weasy_, _twea_,
resembling song of No. 667. (Nehrling.)
Range.--Western central and southern Texas and south through eastern
Mexico to highlands of Guatemala. (Ridgway.)
[Illustration: 667.]
=667. Black-throated Green Warbler= (_Dendroica virens_). L. 5.
_Ad._ [Male]. Throat and breast black; cheeks greenish yellow; back
olive-green; wing-bars and tail patches white. _Ad._ [Female] and
_Yng._ [Male]. Similar, but throat yellowish; black breast tipped with
yellowish; _belly tinged with yellow_; back _without_ black _streaks_.
_Yng._ [Female]. Throat and breast yellowish white, little or no
black. _Notes._ Song, a droning _zAe"Ae"_, _zAe"Ae"_, _zAe•-Ae"Ae"'_, _zAe"Ae"_.
Range.--Eastern North America; breeds from Connecticut and northern
Illinois north to Nova Scotia and Hudson Bay, and south in Alleghanies
to South Carolina; winters in Central America.
[Illustration: 668.]
=668. Townsend Warbler= (Dendroica townsendi). L. 5.1. _Ad._ [Male].
A black eye-patch bordered by yellow stripes; crown and throat black;
back olive-green spotted with black; wing-bars and tail-patches white.
_Ad._ [Female]. Eye-patch olive; throat yellow, indistinctly blackish;
crown and back olive-green, with few black streaks. _Yng._ Similar,
but yellower. _Notes._ Song, _de-de_, _de-de_, _de_, like that of
No. 667. (Merrill.)
Range.--Western North America; breeds from mountains of southern
California north to Alaska, east to western Colorado; in migrations to
western Texas; winters in Mexico.
[Illustration: 669.]
=669. Hermit Warbler= (_Dendroica occidentalis_). L. 5.1. Underparts
_without_ streaks. _Ad._ [Male]. Crown and cheeks yellow; throat
black; back gray spotted with black; wing-bars and tail-patches
white. _Ad._ [Female]. Crown less yellow; throat yellowish; back
olive-gray, usually without spots. _Yng._ [Female]. Similar, but
yellower. _Yng._ [Male]. Throat dusky; forehead and cheeks yellow;
back olive-green with concealed black spots. Much like Yng of
No. 667, but forehead yellower, no streaks below. _Notes._ Song,
_zeegle-zeegle-zeegle-zeek_. (Barlow.)
Range.--Western United States; breeds in high mountains from British
Columbia to California, and from Pacific Coast district of United
States to Rocky Mountains; migrates to Lower California, Mexico, and
Guatemala. (Bailey.)
[Illustration: 684.]
=684. Hooded Warbler= (_Wilsonia mitrata_). L. 5.7. Outer tail-feather
with white patches. _Ad._ [Male]. Forehead and cheeks yellow; hindhead
extending to breast and throat black; belly yellow; back olive-green.
_Ad._ [Female]. Throat yellow, hindhead olive-green usually with
black. _Notes._ Call, a sharp _cheep_; song, a gracefully whistled
_you must come to the woods, or you wont see me_.
Range.--Eastern United States; breeds north to southern Connecticut,
central western New York, and southern Michigan; winters in Central
America.
[Illustration: 531.]
=531. Lawrence Goldfinch= (_Astragalinus lawrencei_). L. 4.7. _Ad._
[Male]. Crown, throat and front of cheeks black; body _gray_, breast,
rump, wings and, to a less degree, back with yellow; outer tail
feathers with large white spots near the end. _Ad._ [Female]. Similar,
but no black, back browner and without yellow. _Notes._ Suggesting
those of the Goldfinch, but weaker.
Range--California, west of the Sierra; breeds from northern Lower
California north to Chico, California; winters to Arizona and New
Mexico.
[Illustration: 642.]
=642. Golden-winged Warbler= (_Helminthophila chrysoptera_). L. 5.
_Ad._ [Male]. Crown yellow, wing-bars broadly yellow; above bluish
gray; below grayish white; throat-patch and eye-stripe black. _Ad._
[Female]. Crown duller; throat-patch and eye-stripe gray. _Notes._
Song, a lazy _zee-zee-zee-zee_ all on same note.
Range.--Eastern United States; breeds from northern New Jersey and
northern Indiana north to Vermont, southern Ontario, and Michigan, and
south along Alleghanies to South Carolina; winters in Central America.
[Illustration: 678.]
=678. Connecticut Warbler= (_Geothlypis agilis_). L. 5.5. Eye-ring
white; no white in wings or tail. _Ad._ [Male]. Crown and cheeks
bluish slate; throat and breast paler, the latter with no black; above
olive-green; below yellow, sides greenish. _Ad._ [Female] _and Yng._
Throat and breast olive _brown_; belly yellow; back brownish
olive-green; crown browner. _Notes._ Call, a sharp _peek_; song,
suggesting that of Maryland Yellow-throat and also that of Oven-bird,
_free-chapple_, _free-chapple_, _free-chapple_, _whoit_. (Seton.)
Range.--Eastern North America, north to Maine and Manitoba; known to
breed only in Manitoba; winters in northern South America.
[Illustration: 679.]
=679. Mourning Warbler= (_Geothlypis philadelphia_). L. 5.4. No white
in wings or tail. _Ad._ [Male]. No white eye-ring; crown and cheeks
bluish slate; throat blackish; breast black more or less veiled by
slaty; belly yellow; back olive-green. _Ad._ [Female]. Head slaty;
throat and breast _grayish_; an inconspicuous white eye-ring. _Yng._
Similar, but browner above; throat more yellow. _Notes._ Song, clear
and whistled, _tee te-o te-o te-o we-se_, the last couplet accented
and much higher pitched. (Jones.)
Range.--Eastern North America; breeds from northern New England,
northern New York and eastern Nebraska north to Nova Scotia and
Manitoba, and south along the Alleghanies to West Virginia; winters in
Central and South America.
[Illustration: 680.]
=680. Macgillivray Warbler= (_Geothlypis tolmiei_),
L. 5.4. _Ads._ Similar to No. 679, but with an incomplete
white eye-ring showing above and below eye.
Range.--Western North America from the Rocky Mountains to the
Pacific; breeds from western Texas and mountains of southern California
north to British Columbia; in migrations ranges east to Nebraska
and middle Texas; winters in Mexico and Central America.
[Illustration: 656.]
=656. Audubon Warbler= (_Dendroica auduboni_). L. 5.6. Crown, sides of
breast, rump, and _throat_ usually with yellow. _Ad._ [Male]. Throat
bright yellow; breast black; back blue-gray streaked with black;
wing-bars broadly white; outer tail-feathers with white. _Ad._
[Female]. Similar to male, but breast grayish; yellow less bright;
less white in wings. [Male], _Winter_. Like same plumage of No. 655,
but throat, yellowish; more white in tail. [Female], _Winter_.
Similar, but less yellow, throat sometimes without yellow, when like
No. 655, but white on four or five outer tail-feathers instead of on
two or three.
Range.--Western United States; breeding in higher mountains from
southern California and New Mexico north to British Columbia; winters
south into Mexico.
=656a. Black-fronted Warbler= (_D. a. nigrifrons_). Similar to No.
656, but _Ad._ [Male]. with forehead, sides of crown, and ears black;
back black, narrowly margined with bluish gray. _In winter._ Bluish
gray, not brownish above. Ad. [Female] darker, more heavily streaked
with black above. (Ridgw.)
Range.--Mountains of northern Mexico north to southern Arizona.
[Illustration: 657.]
=657. Magnolia Warbler= (_Dendroica maculosa_). L. 5.1. Rump yellow;
seen from below a white band across middle of tail. _Ad._ [Male].
Crown ashy, back black; wing-coverts broadly white; below yellow
streaked with black. _Ad._ [Female]. Duller; fewer black stripes
below; wing-bars separated, narrow. _Yng. and Ad in winter._ Crown and
sides of head brownish ashy, back olive-green; below yellow, sides
occasionally streaked. _Notes._ Song, a loud, clear whistle,
_chee-to_, _chee-to_, _chee-tee-ee_, uttered rapidly and with a
falling inflection, (Langille.)
Range.--Eastern North America, west in migrations, to the Rockies;
breeds from northern New England, northern Michigan (and south along
the Alleghanies to Pennsylvania), north to Quebec and Hudson Bay
region; winters in Central America.
[Illustration: 663.]
=663. Yellow-throated Warbler= (_Dendroica dominica_). L. 5.2. _Ads._
Throat and _line from bill to eye_ yellow; cheeks and forehead black;
back bluish gray; two broad white wing-bars; tail-patches white.
_Notes._ Song, loud, ringing and ventriloquial; suggesting that of
Indigo Bunting but shorter.
Range.--Southeastern United States; breeds from Florida north to
Virginia and winters from Florida south into West Indies.
=663a. Sycamore Warbler= (_D. d. albilora_). Similar to No. 663, but
bill smaller, line from eye to bill white or with but traces of
yellow.
Range.--Mississippi Valley; breeds from Texas north to Kansas,
southern Indiana, southern Illinois, and West Virginia; winters in
Mexico and Central America.
[Illustration: 664.]
=664. Grace Warbler= (_Dendroica graciA|_). L. 5. _Ad._ [Male]. Throat
and line over eye yellow; cheeks gray; above gray, crown and back with
black streaks; wing-bars and tail-patches white. _Ad._ [Female].
Similar, but duller, back sometimes brownish.
Range.--Northwestern Mexico, north to New Mexico, southwestern
Colorado, and Arizona.
=686. Canadian Warbler= (_Wilsonia canadensis_). L. 5.6. No white in
wings or tail. _Ad._ [Male]. A necklace of black spots on breast; back
gray; belly yellow; forehead black. _Ad._ [Female] _and Yng._ [Male].
Black areas smaller. _Yng._ [Female]. Slightly yellowish above;
necklace slightly indicated by dusky spots. _Notes._ Song, _tu-tu_,
_tswe_, _tu_, _tu_, longer or shorter and suggesting in style of
utterance both the Yellow Warbler and Goldfinch. (Jones.) (See page
190.)
Range.--Eastern North America; breeds from Massachusetts, central New
York, and northern Michigan north to Labrador and Manitoba, and south
along the Alleghanies to North Carolina; winters in Central and South
America.
[Illustration: 640.]
=640. Bachman Warbler= (_Helminthophila bachmanii_). L. 4.2. Outer
tail-feathers usually with a white patch more or less distinct. _Ad._
[Male]. Breast-patch and crown-band black; forehead, chin and belly
yellow; back olive-green, hindhead grayish. _Ad._ [Female]. Above
grayish olive-green, head grayer; below dingy grayish with a yellow
tinge. _Notes._ Song, when migrating, resembles that of Parula
Warbler, (Brewster); when breeding, that of Worm-eating Warbler, Junco
or Chippy. (Widmann).
Range.--Southeastern United States, west to Louisiana, north to
Virginia and southern Indiana; rare on Atlantic coast; known to breed
only in Missouri; winters south of United States.
[Illustration: 641.]
=641. Blue-winged Warbler= (_Helminthophila pinus_). L. 4.8. _Ad._
[Male]. Crown and underparts yellow; back olive-green; a black stripe
through eye; two whitish wing-bars; outer tail-feathers with white
patches. _Ad._ [Female]. Similar, less yellow on head, duller below.
_Notes._ Song, a wheezy, _swee-chee_, the first inhaled, the second
exhaled; also, later, _wAe"Ae"_, _chi-chi-chi-chi_, _chA"r_, _chAe"Ae"-chA"r_.
Range.--Eastern United States; breeds north to southern Connecticut
and Minnesota, occasionally wanders to Massachusetts; winters south
of United States.
[Illustration: 670.]
=670. Kirtland Warbler= (_Dendroica kirtlandi_). L. 5.7. _Ad._ [Male].
Above bluish gray streaked with black; below pale yellow, sides
streaked with black; wing-bars grayish; tail-patches white. _Ad._
[Female]. Similar, but browner. _Notes._ Song, said to resemble that
of Maryland Yellow-throat and also that of Yellow-throated Warbler.
Range.--Eastern United States; has been found from April to October
in United States as follows: in Florida, South Carolina, Virginia,
Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Minnesota, Michigan, and Ontario,
in all some twenty odd specimens; found breeding in summer of 1903 in
Oscoda County, Michigan; winters in Bahamas where some fifty specimens
have been taken.
[Illustration: 671.]
=671. Pine Warbler= (_Dendroica vigorsii_). L. 5.5. _Ad._ [Male].
Throat and breast greenish yellow; above bright yellowish green;
wing-bars and tail-patches white. _Ad._ [Female]. Similar, but breast
duller, back browner. _Yng._ [Male]. Similar to Ad. [Male], but
browner. _Yng._ [Female]. Below buffy white, breast slightly or not
all yellowish; back olive-brown. _Notes._ Song, suggesting a Chipping
Sparrow's but more musical.
Range.--Eastern North America; breeds from Gulf States north to New
Brunswick, Minnesota, and Manitoba; winters from Virginia and southern
Illinois to Gulf States.
=696. Siberian Yellow Wagtail= (_Budytes flavus leucostriatus_).
L. 6.5. _Ad._ [Male]. Crown bluish slate, a white line over eye; back
olive-green; below yellow; wing-bars yellowish; outer tail-feathers
largely white. _Ad._ [Female]. Similar, but duller, head and wing-bars
browner. _Notes._ Call, a sharp, _plA(C)-plA(C)-ple_; song, a low, clear,
medley of jingling notes uttered on the wing. (Nelson.)
(See page 191.)
Range.--China, Eastern Siberia, and Bering Sea portion of eastern
Alaska.
[Illustration: 529.]
=529. American Goldfinch= (_Astragalinus tristis_). L. 5.1; W. 2.8.
_Ad._ [Male]. Yellow, cap, wings and tail black; wing-coverts,
secondaries and inner margins of tail-feathers tipped with white.
_Ad._ [Female], Above grayish olive-brown; below buffy whitish; throat
yellowish; wings and tail duller than in male; white tips to tail not
distinct. _Yng._ [Male] _and Ad._ [Male] _in winter_. Similar to
[Female] but wings and tail black; white markings grayer than in
summer. _Notes._ Calls, when perching, _hear me_, _hear me_, _dearie_,
soft and sweet, when flying, _per-chic'-o-ree_; _per-chic'-o-ree_;
song, sweet, rapid, varied and canary-like.
Range.--Eastern North America west to the Rockies; breeds from
Virginia and Missouri north to Labrador and Manitoba; winters from
northern United States to the Gulf States.
=529a. Western Goldfinch= (_A. t. pallidus_). Similar to No. 529, but
larger, W. 3.05. _Ad._ [Male], _in summer_, similar in color to No.
529. [Female] and [Male], _in winter_. Much paler, the white areas
greater in extent.
Range.--Rocky Mountain region from northern Mexico north to British
Columbia.
=529b. California Goldfinch= (_A. t. salicamans_). Similar to No. 529,
but wings and tail shorter and color darker. _Ad._ [Male] _in summer_.
With back always (?) tinged with pale olive-green; in winter darker
than No. 529, but with white areas as large as in 529a. (Ridgw.)
Range.--California, west of the Sierra, south to Lower California,
north to Washington.
[Illustration: 530.]
=530. Arkansas Goldfinch= (_Astragalinus psaltria_). L. 4.1. _Ad._
[Male]. Cap, wings, and tail black, most of primaries and tail white
basally; back and cheeks olive-green, often marked with black; below
yellow _Ad._ [Female]. No black cap; above olive-green; below dull
yellowish; wings and tail brownish black, former with white much
reduced, latter with little or no white. _Yng._ Resemble female.
_Notes._ Call, _se-e-e-ep_; song, sweet, varied and musical.
Range.--Western United States, from the Plains to the Pacific; breeds
from northern Lower California and western Texas, north to Colorado,
southern Idaho, and Oregon; winters from the southern part of its
breeding range southward.
=530b. Mexican Goldfinch= (_A. p. mexicanus_). Resembles No. 530,
but _cheeks and entire upperparts black_; [Female] as in No. 530.
Range.--Mexico, north to southern Texas.
[Illustration: 685.]
=685. Wilson Warbler= (_Wilsonia pusilla_). L. 5. No white in plumage.
_Ad._ [Male]. Crown shining black; forehead, cheeks and underparts
yellow; back olive-green. _Ad._ [Female]. Similar, but crown-patch
often smaller, sometimes absent. _Yng._ [Female]. Crown-patch absent.
_Notes._ Song, _'tsh-'tsk-'tsh-'tshea_. (Nuttall.) Suggests that of
Redstart or Yellow Warbler. (Minot.)
Range.--Eastern North America; breeds from Nova Scotia, northeastern
Maine, and Ontario north to Labrador and Hudson Bay region; winters in
Mexico and Central America; "occasional during migration in Colorado...
and other parts of the Rocky Mountain district" (Ridgw.)
(See page 192.)
=685a. Pileolated Warbler= (_W. p. pileolata_). Similar to No. 685,
but yellow deeper, olive brighter.
Range.--Western North America; breeding throughout the Rocky Mountain
district from western Texas in higher mountains, northward to Alaska,
coast and interior; westward to eastern Oregon and Queen Charlotte
Islands; in migrations over all of western North America and east to
Minnesota; in winter south to Central America. (Ridgw.) (See page
192.)
=685b. Golden Pileolated Warbler= (_W. p. chryseola_). Similar to
No. 685a, but still brighter, richer yellow; forehead nearly orange;
back brighter green.
Range.--Pacific coast; breeds from southern California north to
British Columbia; in migration east to eastern Oregon; south to
Chihuahua and Lower California. (Ridgw.) (See page 192.)
[Illustration: 677.]
=677. Kentucky Warbler= (_Geothlypis formosa_). L. 5.6. No white in
plumage. _Ad._ [Male]. Cheeks and crown black the latter tipped with
ashy; back olive-green; a yellow line over eye; below bright yellow.
_Ad._ [Female]. Similar, but less black in crown and on cheeks; yellow
duller. _Notes._ Song, a _loud musical_ whistle, _turdle_, _turdle_,
_turdle_, suggesting notes of Carolina Wren.
Range.--Eastern United States; breeds from Gulf States north to lower
Hudson Valley, southern Michigan and eastern Nebraska; winters in
Central and northern South America.
[Illustration: 681.]