HOW RED EAGLE WHIPPED "CAPTAIN FLOYD"--THE BATTLE OF CALEBEE CREEK.
We left Floyd retiring upon his base of supplies on the Chattahoochee
River after the battle of Autosse, suffering from a wound received in
that action. After a few weeks of inaction he resumed operations, with
the town of Tookabatcha for the objective point of his campaign.
Jackson's chief purpose in his expedition to Emuckfau had been to create
a diversion in favor of Floyd, and so help to the accomplishment of that
general's purpose. In his report of the operations detailed in the last
chapter, Jackson, apparently feeling that it was necessary to vindicate
the wisdom of the movement, laid special stress upon the fact that his
operations had tended thus to assist Floyd. If Floyd had attained the
objects of his expedition, this might have been full recompense for
Jackson's ill-success; but almost at the very time when the Red
Sticks--for that was the term by which the hostile Creeks were called,
because Tecumseh had given sticks painted red to all the Creeks who
would "take his talk"--almost almost at the very time, we say, when the
Red Sticks were "whipping Captain Jackson" at Emuckfau and Enotachopco,
they were also "whipping Captain Floyd"--they always called commanders
captains--at Calebee Creek, not defeating him in battle, but so hurting
him as to compel him to retire and abandon the purpose with which he set
out, even more entirely than they had compelled Jackson to abandon his.
Floyd made his advance slowly and cautiously, pausing to establish
forts at intervals so that a line of defensive posts should lie like a
trail behind him, protecting his line of communications and affording
convenient places for the storage and safe keeping of supplies. He began
his march with about twelve hundred infantry, four hundred friendly
Indians, one cavalry company and his artillery, making a total force of
seventeen hundred or eighteen hundred men. It was his purpose to push
his column into the Creek country, not rapidly, but resistlessly; so
firmly establishing it as to make it, as it were, a permanent wedge of
invasion.
When he arrived at a point on Calebee Creek, in what is now Macon
County, Alabama, he determined to establish one of his fortified posts
upon some high ground there. Here, however, Red Eagle entered his
protest against the plans of the Georgia general. Leading a force of
Creeks in person, the commander of the Indians was dogging Floyd's
footsteps for several days before his arrival at Calebee Creek, but
having selected that as the ground on which he would give battle to the
whites, the shrewd Indian general adroitly concealed his presence, so
handling his force as to keep himself fully informed of Floyd's
movements without permitting that officer to know in return that the
enemy was near. Floyd took all those precautions which prudence dictates
to a commander marching through an enemy's country, but he does not
appear to have discovered Red Eagle's presence, or to have expected the
attack that was made upon him on the morning of January 27th.
Adopting the tactics which had so often been used against the Indians,
Red Eagle moved his men under cover of darkness into position on three
sides of Floyd's camp, and fell upon the post by surprise, making his
attack simultaneously in front and upon both flanks. In order to effect
this surprise, Red Eagle and his men had lain concealed in the swamps
until about half after five o'clock in the morning, and then, while it
was still entirely dark, made their assault quickly, silently, and so
violently as to crowd the sentries back and reach the lines of the camp
itself before Floyd's men could form. The troops, thus rudely and
suddenly awakened from their slumbers by an attack which does not appear
to have been in the least expected, behaved particularly well, forming
without confusion and maintaining a firm front in the darkness.
The assault of the savages was fierce and determined. They always fought
better under Red Eagle's eye than at other times. Even when Captain
Thomas brought his artillery to the front, supported by Captain Adams's
riflemen, and opened that fire of grapeshot which Indians have
everywhere found it most difficult to stand against, the Red Sticks not
only held their ground, but gallantly advanced their line until it was
not more than thirty yards distant from the guns, and there, at short
pistol range, endured the murderous discharges from the cannon.
The friendly Indians in camp did little during this part of the action,
being panic-stricken by the suddenness of the alarm, but the whites
everywhere behaved well.
Captain Broadnax, in command of a picket post, was passed by the Indian
line at the first assault, and was thus cut off from the camp and the
army, but refusing to surrender, he and his squad cut their way through
the lines of the enemy and reached their friends in safety.
While darkness lasted Floyd could do nothing more than stand on the
defensive. As soon as the light was sufficient to justify an attempt to
shift the positions of his battalions, he ordered his right and left
wings to swing round to the front upon their pivots, so as to reverse
the order of the battle and inclose the Indian force within three sides
of a parallelogram. As soon as this movement was executed he ordered a
charge, which quickly drove the savages back to the swamps, whither they
were pursued by the cavalry, the light companies, and the friendly
Indians, who had now recovered their courage.
In the battle Floyd's horse was killed under him. His loss was seventeen
white men and five friendly Indians killed, and one hundred and
thirty-two white men and fifteen friendly Indians wounded. He was sorely
hurt, and it was not known how much damage he had inflicted in return,
although it is pretty certain that Floyd had greatly the worst of the
affair. He held the battle-field, it is true, but the Indians were
manifestly disposed to renew the attack, and for that purpose were still
hovering around his camp and threatening it. It was clear that they
believed themselves to be the winners in the action, and that they were
preparing to renew it and to crush the Georgia army.
Floyd feared they might accomplish this. His respect for Red Eagle's
skill as a commander was so increased by the experience of that morning
that he abandoned the object for which he had set out, and retreated
again.
It is said that Zachariah McGirth--whom the reader will remember as the
half-breed who, supposing that his family were among the victims at Fort
Mims, became a despatch-bearer, and dared all manner of dangers--arrived
at Floyd's head-quarters on the night of the attack, bearing a despatch
from Claiborne. He had passed through the swamp when it was filled with
lurking Indians awaiting the moment of attack.