HANDS.
The following hands are given in illustration of the general principles
discussed in Part I. The plan adopted in the arrangement of the hands
is to imitate closely the circumstances of actual play. Thus, at
starting, one player's hand is known, together with the score and the
turn-up card. Each player is then caused to play a card in his turn,
and at the end of the trick, the one player whose hand is known makes
observations, and draws inferences from the play, as though he were at
the whist table.
A, Y, B, and Z, are the four players throughout. They are placed at the
table in the above order, A and B being partners against Y and Z. A is
the first leader, and Z the dealer. In "the play" the cards of each
trick are placed in the order in which the players sit round the table,
the card played by the person whose hand is under consideration being
the one nearest to the reader. The capital letter by each card shows to
which player it belongs.
All the players are supposed to follow the ordinary rules of play,
as laid down in Part I. Thus, each player is credited with leading
originally from his strongest suit, and with leading the card of
it indicated in the Analysis of Leads (pp. 64-71); with playing the
lowest of a sequence when not leading; with returning the highest of a
numerically weak suit, the lowest of a strong suit, and so on.
It has been remarked by critics, that the players are often made
to play badly. Most of the hands are taken from actual play; but,
independently of this, illustrations of indifferent play, with
comments, are obviously of value, as showing the kind of errors that
are likely to be made, and how and why to avoid them.
[Illustration]
HAND I.
Trump lead from four trumps on establishment of suit.
[Illustration: A'S HAND.
Qn, 10, 5, 3 ♠
A ♡
A, 7, 6, 3 ♣
Kg, Knv, 9, 2 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Two of spades turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 1
1. Y B Z A↷
4♢ Qn♢ A♢ 2♢]
REMARK.--A leads from his strongest suit (_see_ p. 56). Having no
sequence, he leads the lowest card of the suit (_see_ p. 60).
The fall of the queen and ace in this round, leaves A with the winning
diamonds and a small one. His suit is virtually established (_see_ p.
57).
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 2
2. Y B Z↷ A
Qn♣ 4♣ 5♣ 3♣]
REMARK.--A plays his lowest card second hand (_see_ p. 82).
B allowing the queen to win, may be presumed not to have the king.
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 2
3. Y↷ B Z A
7♡ Qn♡ 3♡ A♡]
REMARK.--It is unlucky that A is obliged to win his partner's queen.
The king of hearts is most probably in B's hand, as it is not likely
that B has only one heart, and with queen and small ones B would pass.
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 2
4. Y B Z A↷
4♠ Kg♠ 2♠ 3♠]
REMARK.--This is an instructive trump lead. A, at the first start, with
but four trumps, and only one heart, would not have been justified
in leading a trump. But, his strong suit being established, and his
partner having (probably) the best heart, his game is now to lead
trumps. Consider carefully the Management of Trumps (pp. 119-23), and
apply the arguments there made use of to the present situation.
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 3
5. Y B↷ Z A
A♠ 7♠ 8♠ 10♠]
REMARK (Trick 5).--A finesses the ten (_see_ pp. 93-94).
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 3
6. Y↷ B Z A
8♡ Kg♡ 10♡ 6♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 3
7. Y B↷ Z A
6♢ 5♢ 3♢ Knv♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 3
8. Y B Z A↷
6♠ 7♢ 9♠ Qn♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 4
9. Y B Z A↷
10♢ 8♢ Knv♠ Kg♢]
REMARKS.--At Trick 9, A forces the best trump, and remains with the
thirteenth to bring in the diamond. If Z refuses the force, A (Trick
10) leads nine of diamonds and (Trick 11) the losing trump.
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 4
10. Y B Z↷ A
2♡ 9♣ 2♣ 7♣]
At Trick 10, if A plays ace of clubs he will be left with a losing
club. By passing, he gives B a chance of winning the trick, and cannot
lose even if Y has king of clubs. It has been suggested that Z's best
lead, at Trick 10, is king of clubs, on the chance of catching ace and
knave; but Z's play is not under examination.
* * * * *
Tricks 11 to 13.--Whatever B leads, A makes the remaining tricks, and
AB win three by cards.
THE HANDS.
(A's hand is given above.)
Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Ace, 6, 4 ♠|Kg, 7 ♠|Knv, 9, 8, 2 ♠
Knv, 9, 8, 7, 4, 2 ♡|Kg, Qn, 6, 5 ♡|10, 3 ♡
Qn ♣|Knv, 9, 4 ♣|Kg, 10, 8, 5, 2 ♣
10, 6, 4 ♢|Qn, 8, 7, 5 ♢|Ace, 3 ♢
HAND II.
Trump lead from four moderate trumps.
[Illustration: B'S HAND.
Knv, 10, 7, 5 ♠
Kg, 6 ♡
A, 8, 6 ♣
A, 10, 9, 2 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Two of spades turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. Z A↷ Y B
4♢ Kg♢ 7♢ 2♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 0
2. Z A↷ Y B
Knv♢ 5♢ 8♢ A♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 1
3. Z A Y B↷
2♠ Kg♠ A♠ 5♠]
REMARK (Trick 3).--B has four trumps, and defence in hearts and clubs,
his partner's suit is established, and no adverse strength in trumps
has been exhibited. B therefore leads trumps. (Consider carefully the
arguments at pp. 122, 123, respecting leads from four trumps, and apply
them to this case.) To judge when to lead from four moderate trumps is
an important point in the game, which hands such as this are given to
illustrate and explain.
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 1
4. Z A Y↷ B
9♣ 5♣ Kg♣ A♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 2
5. Z A Y B↷
6♠ 8♠ Qn♠ 10♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 3
6. Z A Y↷ B
10♣ 7♣ Qn♣ 6♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 4
7. Z A Y↷ B
9♠ Knv♣ 2♣ 8♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 5
8. Z↷ A Y B
A♡ 2♡ 7♡ 6♡]
TRICKS 9 to 13.--Z leads knave of hearts which B wins. B draws the two
trumps (if he remembers down to the seven) and brings in the diamonds,
and
AB win two by cards.
THE HANDS.
(B's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Kg, 8 ♠|Ace, Qn, 4, 3 ♠|9, 6, 2 ♠
5, 3, 2 ♡|10, 7 ♡|Ace, Qn, Knv, 9, 8, 4 ♡
Knv, 7, 5 ♣|Kg, Qn, 4, 3, 2 ♣|10, 9 ♣
Kg, Qn, 6, 5, 3 ♢|8, 7 ♢|Knv, 4 ♢
At Trick 2, A leads his original fourth-best diamond (_see_ Appendix
A). In this hand it is immaterial whether A makes the American lead or
not.
HAND III.
A simple elementary hand, save in one point which demands strict
attention to the rule respecting returned leads (_see_ pp. 79-81).
[Illustration: A'S HAND.
A, Qn, Knv, 10, 2 ♠
Qn, 6 ♡
A, 9, 8, 3 ♣
9, 3 ♢
Score: AB, 2; YZ, Love.
Knave of clubs turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. Y B Z A↷
5♠ 4♠ 3♠ A♠]
REMARK.--A leads from his strongest suit (_see_ p. 66). Holding ace,
queen, knave, ten, he leads out ace and ten (_see_ Analysis of Leads,
p. 66).
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 1
2. Y B Z A↷
6♠ 8♠ Kg♠ 10♠]
REMARK.--A continues his suit (_see_ p. 74).
As the cards happen to lie A would have been able to make a successful
finesse against the king of spades. But A, not having seen Z's hand,
can only play on general principles.
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 2
3. Y B Z↷ A
Kg♢ 2♢ 6♢ 3♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 3
4. Y↷ B Z A
A♢ 5♢ 4♢ 9♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 3
5. Y↷ B Z A
4♡ 3♡ Knv♡ Qn♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS { AB, 3 YZ, 3
6. Y B Z A↷
6♣ Qn♣ 4♣ 3♣]
REMARK (Trick 6).--A has now the command of his suit, and four trumps.
The adversaries have not shown any particular strength in trumps,
either by leading them or by calling for them, though they have had the
opportunity of doing both, and A therefore assumes that the trumps are
pretty evenly divided, and leads a trump (_see_ pp. 122, 123). A is not
deterred from opening the trump suit because an honour was turned up
(_see_ p. 122).
* * * * *
B's winning the trick with the queen shows that Z has not got the king.
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 3
7. Y B↷ Z A
10♣ 7♣ 5♣ A♣]
REMARK (Trick 7).--B returns his partner's lead of trumps (_see_ p.
125).
* * * * *
This is the important trick of the hand. Note the card returned by B,
the seven, and if in doubt as to the fall of the trumps, look at the
previous trick (_see_ Law 91, p. 18). In that trick, the small clubs
that fall are the three, six, and four, and in the present one, the
seven, five, and ten. Nobody having played the two, A may place it by
inference in B's hand, for the adversaries not winning the trick may
be supposed to play their lowest cards. Assuming B to hold the two, it
may be inferred that he has that card and no other left in the suit.
For he returns the seven, a higher card than the two; and the rule is
to return the higher of two remaining cards, the lowest if holding more
than two (_see_ p. 80. Consider carefully the example given there, and
apply it to the present situation).
The king and knave are therefore in the opponents' hands, and divided.
Z has the knave (which he turned up), and he has not the king, as he
could not win the queen in the previous trick. Y must consequently hold
it.
It may be objected that this train of reasoning is too close and
elaborate to serve the purpose of inexperienced players. It is,
perhaps, a little difficult for an elementary hand; but the careful
observance of the rule of play respecting returned leads is so
important, that it has been deemed advisable to insist strongly
upon it. Of course, when playing with those who do not attend to
the conversation of the game, all pains bestowed on working out the
position of the cards from such data as the preceding is so much
trouble thrown away.
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 4
8. Y B Z A↷
Kg♣ 2♣ Knv♣ 8♣]
Assuming, then, that A's partner can be depended on to play according
to rule, it is morally certain that the trumps are evenly divided,
and that a third round will leave A with a long trump to bring in his
spades. Accordingly, A leads the eight of clubs (_see_ Trick 8, above).
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 4
9. Y↷ B Z A
Kg♡ A♡ 9♡ 6♡]
TRICKS 10 to 13.--B (Trick 10) leads a small diamond, though, as the
cards happen to lie, his lead is immaterial. A trumps the diamond, and
brings in the spades; and
AB win three by cards.
THE HANDS.
(A's hand is given above.)
Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
9, 6, 5 ♠|8, 4 ♠|Kg, 7, 3 ♠
Kg, 10, 8, 4, 2 ♡|Ace, 7, 5, 3 ♡|Knv, 9 ♡
Kg, 10, 6 ♣|Qn, 7, 2 ♣|Knv, 5, 4 ♣
Ace, Kg ♢|Knv, 8, 5, 2 ♢|Qn, 10, 7, 6, 4 ♢
HAND IV.
An instructive hand, illustrative of playing to the score.
[Illustration: A'S HAND.
Kg, 9, 5, 4 ♠
A, Knv, 4 ♡
Kg, 6, 2 ♣
Qn, Knv, 4 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Queen of clubs turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 1
1. Y B Z A↷
Knv♠ 7♠ 3♠ 4♠]
REMARK.--A leads from his strongest suit (_see_ p. 56).
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 1
2. Y↷ B Z A
5♡ 2♡ Kg♡ A♡]
REMARK.--It may be inferred that hearts are Y's strongest suit.
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 2
3. Y B Z A↷
6♢ 2♢ A♢ Qn♢]
REMARK (Trick 3).--A having found his partner weak in spades (_see_
Trick 1), does not continue his suit (_see_ p. 75).
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 3
4. Y B Z↷ A
Qn♡ 8♡ 6♡ 4♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 3
5. Y↷ B Z A
7♡ 10♡ 3♡ Knv♡]
REMARK.--Presuming the players are to be depended on for following
the elementary rules of the game, it is clear from the fall of the
cards that Y holds the remaining heart, the nine. B drops the ten, so
he ought not to have the nine, the rule being to play the lowest card
when not able to win the trick. Z ought not to have another heart, for
he returned the six (_see_ Trick 4), and now plays the three. Having
returned the higher card he can hold no more (_see_ p. 80).
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 3
6. Y B Z A↷
7♢ 3♢ 10♢ Knv♢]
REMARK.--It is evident that Z, dropping the ten, will trump the next
round of diamonds. Nevertheless, A's game is to continue the diamond
(Trick 7), to give Z the lead, and to make B last player.
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 4
7. Y B Z A↷
9♢ Kg♢ 4♣ 4♢]
REMARK (Trick 7).--Y, dropping the nine of diamonds, may be taken to
have no more, as, not being able to win the trick, he is assumed to
play his smallest. The remaining diamonds are therefore with B.
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 4
8. Y B Z↷ A
2♠ 5♣ A♠ 5♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 5
9. Y B↷ Z A
3♣ Knv♣ A♣ 2♣]
REMARK.--Z, with ace, queen, second hand (_see_ his hand below),
follows the usual rule (_see_ p. 86). It is open to argument whether Z
should depart from rule in this case. But Z's hand is not the one under
examination.
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 5
10. Y B Z↷ A
Qn♠ 5♢ 6♠ Kg♠]
REMARK.--The fall of the queen of spades from Y shows A that the two
remaining spades are in Z's hand. Z's third card is the queen of clubs,
which he turned up.
[Illustration: TRICK 11.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 5
11. Y B Z A↷
8♣ 7♣ Qn♣ Kg♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 12.
TRICKS {AB, 7 YZ, 5
12. Y B Z A↷
9♡ 10♣ 8♠ 9♠]
REMARK (Trick 12).--A's lead here is instructive. He knows his partner
(B) has one diamond and no spade and no heart (_see_ Tricks 5, 7, and
10). B's other card must therefore be a club (trump). If it is the
best trump, A wins two by cards by leading a trump. But if it is not
the winning trump, a trump lead loses the odd trick. It is better to
make certain of the odd trick than to risk losing it for the chance of
winning two by cards; for the odd trick makes a difference of two to
the score. A therefore properly ensures the odd trick by forcing his
partner (_see_ p. 134).
Suppose the score to be AB three, and YZ one. Then A would be justified
in leading the trump at Trick 12. For, if B has the ten, AB win two by
cards and the game; and, if B has not the ten, AB lose the odd trick;
the score remaining AB three, YZ two. It is better to run the risk of
this score for the sake of the game, than to make certain of scoring
only four and of leaving the adversaries at one.
AB win the odd trick.
THE HANDS.
(A's hand is given above.)
Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Qn, Knv, 2 ♠|7 ♠|Ace, 10, 8, 6, 3 ♠
Qn, 9, 7, 5 ♡|10, 8, 2 ♡|Kg, 6, 3 ♡
9, 8, 3 ♣|Knv, 10, 7, 5 ♣|Ace, Qn, 4 ♣
9, 7, 6 ♢|Kg, 8, 5, 3, 2 ♢|Ace, 10 ♢
In the following hands the comments will be fewer, it being assumed
that explanations of ordinary play are unnecessary.
HAND V.
Illustrative of the advantage of returning the highest of a short suit.
[Illustration: A'S HAND.
A, 9, 6, 2 ♠
4, 2 ♡
Kg, 10, 7, 4 ♣
8, 6, 4 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Three of spades turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. Y B Z A↷
6♣ A♣ 2♣ 4♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 0
2. Y B↷ Z A
8♣, Knv♣, 5♣, 7♣]
REMARK (Trick 2).--A's finesse here is justifiable, because he has
strength in trumps (_see_ p. 94). With only three trumps, A's better
play would be to secure the trick at once.
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 0
3. Y B↷ Z A
9♣ 3♣ Qn♣ Kg♣]
REMARK.--Note the advantage of the return of the strengthening card at
Trick 2, in accordance with General Principle 5 (p. 79). The command
is left with the presumably strong hand; and the queen is completely
hemmed in. It is true the queen might have been in Y's hand. In that
case the queen must make whatever card is returned. A similar position
occurs at Trick 9.
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 1
4. Y B Z A↷
4♠ Qn♠ Kg♠ 2♠]
REMARK.--A did not lead the trump at first; but now he does so for
these reasons: he has the long card of his suit; trumps are his
strongest suit (p. 119); and the adversaries have had the opportunity
of calling for trumps (_see_ pp. 125, 126), and have not made use of
it, which is negative evidence that there is no very great strength of
trumps in one hand.
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 2
5. Y B Z↷ A
3♡ 5♡ Kg♡ 2♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 3
6. Y B Z↷ A
7♡ 8♡ A♡ 4♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 4
7. Y B Z↷ A
Qn♡ Knv♡ 6♡ 4♢]
REMARK (Trick 7).--A being strong in trumps passes the doubtful card
(_see_ p. 129).
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 4
8. Y↷ B Z A
Knv♢ A♢ 5♢ 6♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 4
9. Y B↷ Z A
7♠ 10♠ 3♠ 6♠]
TRICKS 10 to 13.--B leads the five of spades, which brings down all
the outstanding trumps. A makes the thirteenth club and the trump; the
adversary makes the king of diamonds (_see_ the hands below).
* * * * *
AB win two by cards.
THE HANDS.
(A's hand is given above.)
Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
8, 7, 4 ♠|Qn, 10, 5 ♠|Kg, Knv, 3 ♠
Qn, 10 7, 3 ♡|Knv, 8, 5 ♡|Ace, Kg, 9, 6 ♡
9, 8, 6 ♣|Ace, Knv, 3 ♣|Qn, 5, 2 ♣
Knv, 10, 9 ♢|Ace, Qn, 3, 2 ♢|Kg, 7, 5 ♢
HAND VI.
Playing to the score.
[Illustration: Y'S HAND.
A, 8, 6, 5 ♠
A, Kg, Qn, 2 ♡
Qn, Knv ♣
8, 6, 4 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Two of diamonds turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. B Z A↷ Y
A♣ 4♣ 2♣ Knv♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 0
2. B↷ Z A Y
3♣ 10♣ Kg♣ Qn♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 1
3. B Z A↷ Y
6♡ 9♡ 3♡ Qn♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 2
4. B Z A Y↷
5♡ Knv♡ 4♡ A♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 3
5. B Z A Y↷
7♡ 2♠ 8♡ Kg♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 4
6. B Z A Y↷
Kg♠ 3♠ 4♠ A♠]
REMARK (Trick 6).--The lead here is the point in the hand. Y has three
tricks up; there is a whole suit (clubs) against him, and his adversary
B has called for trumps (_see_ Tricks 3 and 4). It is, consequently,
Y's duty to make five tricks (which save the game if Z has an honour)
as quickly as possible. He therefore leads the ace of spades to make
the fourth trick, and (Trick 7) forces his partner (though without any
strength of trumps in his own hand, _see_ pp. 132, 133) to make the
fifth.
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 5
7. B Z A Y↷
10♢ Qn♢ 10♡ 2♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 5
8. B Z↷ A Y
5♣ Knv♠ Qn♠ 5♠]
TRICKS 9 to 13.--A leads a trump (the knave, _see_ his hand below), in
obedience to the call, and
AB score two by cards and two by honours.
THE HANDS.
(Y's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Qn, 4 ♠|Kg ♠|Knv, 10, 9, 7, 3, 2 ♠
10, 8, 4, 3 ♡|7, 6, 5 ♡|Knv, 9 ♡
Kg, 9, 7, 2 ♣|Ace, 8, 6, 5, 3 ♣|10, 4 ♣
Knv, 5, 3 ♢|Ace, Kg, 10, 7 ♢|Qn, 9, 2 ♢
* * * * *
At Trick 2, B, with the club suit well nigh established (assuming his
partner to have led from strength), and four trumps, two honours,
should risk a trump lead. He cannot lose the game; and if his partner
has an average hand, a trump lead will, in all probability, give AB a
good score. As a matter of fact it would win the game, but that proves
nothing.
HAND VII.
The lead of the fourth-best (_see_ Appendix A), and counting the hands
(_see_ pp. 116-17).
[Illustration: Z'S HAND.
Qn, 10 ♠
Ace, Qn, 6, 5, 4 ♡
9, 8 ♣
Knv, 6, 5, 3 ♢
Score: AB, love; YZ, four.
Eight of clubs turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 1
1. A↷ Y B Z
4♠, 5♠, 9♠, 10♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 2
2. A Y B Z↷
Kg♠, A♠, 7♠, Qn♠]
REMARK (Trick 2).--Z's better play would be to open the heart suit.
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 3
3. A Y↷ B Z
Knv♡ 7♡ 8♡ Qn♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 4
4. A Y B Z↷
7♢ A♢ 4♢ 3♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 4
5. A Y↷ B Z
8♢ 10♢ Kg♢ 5♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 4
6. A Y B↷ Z
Kg♣ 3♣ Qn♣ 8♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 4
7. A↷ Y B Z
A♣ 4♣ 2♣ 9♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 5
8. A↷ Y B Z
Knv♠ 6♣ 6♠ 4♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 6
9. A Y↷ B Z
2♠ 2♡ 3♡ 5♡]
REMARK.--It is now clear that Y led from five hearts originally (_see_
his lead, Trick 3, and p. 116). Consequently, YZ have all the remaining
hearts between them.
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 7
10. A Y B Z↷
9♢ 7♣ 2♢ 6♢]
REMARK.--Z can count his partner's hand, viz., three more hearts (_see_
Remark, Trick 9) and one other card, either the deuce of diamonds
(_see_ the fall of the diamonds, Tricks 4 and 5), or a trump. If Y has
the diamond, it matters not what Z leads, as B must then hold four
trumps. Z therefore assumes that his partner has another trump, and
plays to force him.
But if Z could not tell that Y has three hearts, or rather could tell
that he has only two, Z's proper lead at Trick 10 would be the ace of
hearts. For then B must have a heart, and if Z leads a losing diamond,
B discards his heart on it, and wins the game.
THE HANDS.
(Z's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND.
Kg, Knv, 8, 4, 3, 2 ♠|Ace, 5 ♠|9, 7, 6 ♠
Knv ♡|Kg, 10, 9, 7, 2 ♡|8, 3 ♡
Ace, Kg ♣|7, 6, 4, 3 ♣|Qn, Knv, 10, 5, 2 ♣
Qn, 9, 8, 7 ♢|Ace, 10 ♢|Kg, 4, 2 ♢
At Trick 6, B should play to force his partner in hearts instead of
leading trumps.
HAND VIII.
Playing to the score and to the fall of the cards.
Game won in spite of partner's bad play.
[Illustration: Z'S HAND.
10, 9 ♠
8, 4, 3 ♡
Kg, Qn, 8, 2 ♣
A, Knv, 8, 5 ♢
Score: AB, one; YZ, three.
Eight of hearts turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 1
1. A↷ Y B Z
6♠ A♠ 4♠ 9♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 1
2. A Y↷ B Z
Knv♡ 5♡ 9♡ 3♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 2
3. A↷ Y B Z
Qn♠ 2♡ Kg♠ 10♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 2
4. A Y↷ B Z
Qn♡ 6♡ 10♡ 4♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 2
5. A↷ Y B Z
A♡ 7♡ 3♢ 8♡]
REMARK.--Drawing two for one.
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 3
6. A↷ Y B Z
Knv♠ Kg♡ 8♠ 5♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 4
7. A Y↷ B Z
6♣ 4♣ 7♣ Qn♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 4
8. A Y B Z↷
2♠ 8♣ A♣ 2♣]
REMARK.--Y must have knave.
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 5
9. A Y B↷ Z
Qn♢ 2♢ 4♢ A♢]
REMARK (Trick 9).--Z manages to win the game, in spite of his partner,
by putting on ace second hand and leading a club.
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 6
10. A Y B Z↷
3♠ 3♣ 9♣ Kg♣]
TRICKS 11 to 13.--Z (Trick 11) leads a club; Y makes two more tricks in
clubs, and
YZ win two by cards.
THE HANDS.
(Z's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND.
Qn, Knv, 7, 6, 5, 3, 2 ♠|Ace ♠|Kg, 8, 4 ♠
Ace, Qn, Knv ♡|Kg, 7, 6, 5, 2 ♡|10, 9 ♡
6 ♣|Knv, 10, 5, 4, 3 ♣|Ace, 9, 7 ♣
Kg, Qn ♢|7, 2 ♢|10, 9, 6, 4, 3 ♢
At Trick 3, Y plays badly to trump the doubtful spade (_see_ p. 129).
At same trick, B plays well to get rid of the command of his partner's
suit (_see_ p. 96), as A, from the lead, must have knave of spades, and
Z, from the previous fall of the cards, must have the ten single.
At Trick 4, Y's continuing the trump is bad, after ruining his
numerical strength. For he has no particular strength out of trumps
(_see_ his hand), and his partner is evidently very weak in trumps.
As the cards happen to lie, if Z does not put on ace of diamonds second
hand at Trick 9, A brings in the spades, and YZ lose the game instead
of winning it.
HAND IX.
Counting the cards.
[Illustration: A'S HAND.
A, Qn, Knv, 8, 7 ♠
A, 7 ♡
9, 7, 4, 3 ♣
7, 6 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Five of spades turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. Y B Z A↷
3♠ 2♠ 5♠ A♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 1
2. Y B Z A↷
Kg♠ 9♠ 10♠ Knv♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 1
3. Y↷ B Z A
5♡ Knv♡ 2♡ 7♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 1
4. Y B↷ Z A
4♢ A♢ Knv♢ 6♢]
REMARK.--B has led from a suit of at least five diamonds.
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 2
5. Y B↷ Z A
5♢ 3♢ Kg♢ 7♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 3
6. Y B Z↷ A
Kg♣ 10♣ A♣ 3♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 4
7. Y B Z↷ A
4♠ Qn♣ 2♣ 4♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 4
8. Y↷ B Z A
9♢ Qn♢ 5♣ A♡]
REMARK (Trick 8).--Well played by A. He can count B's hand. The ten of
diamonds is marked in Y's hand, so B has two diamonds and three hearts.
Therefore B must have had four hearts originally, and as it is not the
game to put on knave, second hand, with four, holding less than three
honours (_see_ Trick 3 and Analysis of Play of Second Hand, p. 85), B
must hold both king and queen of hearts.
* * * * *
TRICKS 9 to 13.--B leads king, queen of hearts, to which A discards
clubs. A makes his three trumps, and
AB score three by cards and two by honours.
THE HANDS.
(A's hand is given above.)
Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Kg, 6, 4, 3 ♠|9, 2 ♠|10, 5 ♠
10, 9, 6, 5 ♡|Kg, Qn, Knv, 4 ♡|8, 3, 2 ♡
Kg ♣|Qn, 10 ♣|Ace, Knv, 8, 6, 5, 2 ♣
10, 9, 5, 4 ♢|Ace, Qn, 8, 3, 2 ♢|Kg, Knv ♢
At Trick 7, Z does not lead his original fourth-best, as great strength
in trumps is declared against him. (_See_ Appendix A.)
At Trick 8, Y's play is difficult. He might have noticed that his best
chance of winning the game is for A to hold only winning hearts and a
losing club; and this being so, Y should not lead a diamond.
[Illustration]
HAND X.
Counting the hands. Simple instance of departure from rule.
[Illustration: Y'S HAND.
A, 9, 7, 4 ♠
Qn, 6, 5, 3 ♡
A, 3 ♣
Kg, 9, 5 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Six of spades turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 1
1. B Z A↷ Y
4♣ Qn♣ 10♣ 3♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 2
2. B Z↷ A Y
3♠ 5♠ 2♠ A♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 2
3. B Z A Y↷
8♠ 10♠ Kg♠ 4♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 3
4. B Z A↷ Y
7♣ 6♣ Knv♣ A♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 3
5. B Z A Y↷
Qn♠ 6♠ 2♡ 7♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 4
6. B↷ Z A Y
8♣ 9♣ Kg♣ 9♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 5
7. B Z A Y↷
8♡ A♡ 4♡ 3♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 6
8. B Z↷ A Y
3♢ A♢ 4♢ 5♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 7
9. B Z↷ A Y
7♢ Knv♢ 2♣ 9♢]
REMARK (Trick 9).--The lead of ace, followed by knave, indicates a five
card suit, headed by ace, queen, knave, and a desire that partner, if
he holds the king, should put it on second round (_see_ p. 101). But
in this case Y can count the hands, and therefore departs from rule,
and does not put on the king. Z has a trump, and three diamonds, the
ten guarded being in B's hand. If Y follows rule and puts on king
of diamonds, he loses a trick in diamonds; by passing the knave, he
ensures five by cards.
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 8
10. B Z↷ A Y
8♢ 2♢ 7♡ Kg♢]
* * * * *
TRICKS 11 to 13.--Whatever Y leads, Z makes the remaining tricks, and
YZ win five by cards.
THE HANDS.
(Y's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Kg, 2 ♠|Qn, 8, 3 ♠|Knv, 10, 6, 5 ♠
Knv, 9, 7, 4, 2 ♡|Kg, 10, 8 ♡|Ace ♡
Kg, Knv, 10, 5, 2 ♣|8, 7, 4 ♣|Qn, 9, 6 ♣
4 ♢|10, 8, 7, 3 ♢|Ace, Qn, Knv, 6, 2 ♢
At Trick 2 Z's trump lead is rather forward, but justifiable with his
hand at the score of love-all, especially as Y must hold the ace of
clubs.
HAND XI.
Discarding, and playing to the score.
[Illustration: Z'S HAND.
A, Qn, 7, 6 ♠
Qn, 9, 6 ♡
Qn, 8, 4, 2 ♣
7, 3 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Six of hearts turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. A↷ Y B Z
Kg♢ 6♢ 2♢ 3♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 0
2. A↷ Y B Z
A♢ 5♢ Knv♢ 7♢]
REMARK.--Y has called for trumps.
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 1
3. A↷ Y B Z
4♢ 8♢ 4♡ 6♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 2
4. A Y B Z↷
Kg♡ A♡ 7♡ Qn♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 3
5. A Y↷ B Z
2♡ Knv♡ 10♡ 9♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 4
6. A Y↷ B Z
10♢ Qn♢ 3♣ 2♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 5
7. A Y↷ B Z
3♠ 9♢ 7♣ 6♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 6
8. A Y↷ B Z
8♠ 3♡ 2♠ 7♠]
TRICKS 9 to 13.--Y (Trick 9) leads a spade. He is directed to the spade
suit by Z's _original discard_ of a club at Trick 6 (_see_ p. 104),
notwithstanding that Z has since discarded two spades. Z plays properly
to keep his queen of clubs guarded after his first discard, as he only
wants at most two tricks besides the two trumps which he knows to be
in Y's hand. Y, at Trick 8, leads a heart to show he has all the other
hearts, as it is possible that the best heart may be held up by the
adversary. Y thus tells Z not to finesse if he has one trick certain
(_see_ score).
Z puts on the ace of spades, at Trick 9, as that card and the two
trumps in Y's hand make the game. If Z finesses he only scores four,
as will be seen by referring to the hands below. Z's play would not be
right if he had only five tricks up, as he would then want one more
trick to win the game. In that case he should finesse. This is a good
illustration of playing to the score.
YZ score three by cards and two by honours.
THE HANDS.
(Z's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND.
Kg, 9, 8, 3 ♠|5 ♠|Knv, 10, 4, 2 ♠
Kg, 2 ♡|Ace, Knv, 8, 5, 3 ♡|10, 7, 4 ♡
Kg, 9, 5 ♣|Knv, 6 ♣|Ace, 10, 7, 3 ♣
Ace, Kg, 10, 4 ♢|Qn, 9, 8, 6, 5 ♢|Knv, 2 ♢
At Trick 3, A is justified in risking a force on his partner, though
weak in trumps himself. Strength in trumps has been adversely declared
by the call (_see_ pp. 132, 133), and there is nothing to show that B
has not the queen of diamonds.
At Trick 4, it is doubtful whether A should cover the strengthening
card led (_see_ p. 88).
HAND XII.
Discarding.
[Illustration: Z'S HAND.
Qn, 9, 7 ♠
Kg, 10, 6, 5 ♡
Qn, 6, 5 ♣
10, 4, 2 ♢
Score: AB, love; YZ, four.
Two of diamonds turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. A↷ Y B Z
Qn♢ 6♢ 3♢ 2♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 0
2. A↷ Y B Z
A♢ 8♢ 7♢ 4♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 0
3. A↷ Y B Z
Kg♢ 9♢ 7♣ 10♢]
REMARK (Trick 3).--The knave of diamonds, and therefore the command of
trumps, is marked in Y's hand.
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 0
4. A↷ Y B Z
Kg♠ 4♠ 3♠ 7♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 0
5. A↷ Y B Z
A♠ 6♠ 5♠ 9♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 1
6. A↷ Y B Z
2♠ 2♡ Knv♠ Qn♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 2
7. A Y B Z↷
Kg♣ A♣ 8♣ Qn♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 3
8. A Y↷ B Z
5♢ Knv♢ 3♡ 5♣]
REMARK (Trick 7).--Z properly concludes, as his partner has command of
trumps (_see_ Remark, Trick 3), that his discard (Trick 6) was from his
weakest suit, notwithstanding the adverse trump lead, and therefore Z
leads clubs. If Z mistakes the character of his partner's discard, and
leads a heart, he loses the game (_see_ pp. 105-6, and apply the rules
of play there stated to the present situation).
* * * * *
TRICKS 9 to 13.--Y brings in the clubs (_see_ his hand below), and
YZ win the odd trick.
THE HANDS.
(Z's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND.
Ace, Kg, 10, 2 ♠|6, 4 ♠|Knv, 8, 5, 3 ♠
Ace, 9, 7 ♡|4, 2 ♡|Qn, Knv, 8, 3 ♡
King, 3 ♣|Ace, Knv, 10, 4, 2 ♣|9, 8, 7 ♣
Ace, Kg, Qn, 5 ♢|Knv, 9, 8, 6 ♢|7, 3 ♢
At Trick 7, A is right to cover the queen of clubs (_see_ p. 88).
[Illustration]
HAND XIII.
Getting rid of the command of partner's suit (_see_ p. 97).
[Illustration: Z'S HAND.
Kg, 10, 5 ♠
A, 6, 5 ♡
9, 8, 3 ♣
10, 9, 8, 2 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Five of hearts turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. A↷ Y B Z
Qn♣ Kg♣ A♣ 3♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 0
2. A Y B↷ Z
Qn♡ 4♡ 2♡ 5♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 1
3. A↷ Y B Z
8♡ 9♡ 3♡ 6♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 2
4. A Y↷ B Z
4♢ A♢ 3♢ 8♢]
REMARK.--_See_ p. 97.
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 2
5. A Y↷ B Z
7♢ Knv♢ Kg♢ 9♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 3
6. A Y B↷ Z
10♣ 10♡ 7♣ 8♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 3
7. A Y↷ B Z
2♣ Qn♢ 7♡ 10♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 3
8. A Y B↷ Z
9♠ 6♠ A♠ 5♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 4
9. A Y B↷ Z
Knv♠ 7♠ 2♠ Kg♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 5
10. A Y B Z↷
4♣ Knv♡ Kg♡ A♡]
TRICKS 11 to 13.--Z (Trick 11) leads deuce of diamonds. Y makes two
tricks in diamonds (note the advantage to YZ of Z's having got rid of
the command).
YZ win the odd trick.
THE HANDS.
(Z's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND.
Knv, 9 ♠|8, 7, 6 ♠|Ace, Qn, 4, 3, 2 ♠
Qn, 8 ♡|Knv, 10, 9, 4 ♡|Kg, 7, 3, 2 ♡
Qn, Knv, 10, 6, 5, 4, 2 ♣|Kg ♣|Ace, 7 ♣
7, 4 ♢|Ace, Qn, Knv, 6, 5 ♢|Kg, 3 ♢
At Trick 2, Z plays the turn-up card (_see_ p. 114).
At Trick 3, B passes the nine of trumps. If the tenace is against him
covering does no good; and there is a reasonable chance that the ace
will fall.
At Trick 6, B, having found A weak in trumps, and the whole diamond
suit being declared against him, alters his tactics, and does not
continue trumps.
At Trick 7, Y plays properly in attempting to force the strong trump
hand, keeping knave of hearts with which to trump clubs. If B refuses
the first force he wins two or three by cards, as the cards happen to
lie. But he cannot place the diamonds, and probably his best play is to
trump.
HAND XIV.
Finessing.
[Illustration: A'S HAND.
7, 6, 2 ♠
Kg, Knv, 9, 7, 6, 4 ♡
Knv ♣
10, 7, 6 ♢
Score: Four-all.
Ten of clubs turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. Y B Z A↷
5♡ A♡ 2♡ 7♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 1
2. Y B↷ Z A
2♣ 6♣ Qn♣ Knv♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 1
3. Y B Z↷ A
Knv♠ A♠ 3♠ 2♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 2
4. Y B↷ Z A
4♣ 5♣ 10♣ 6♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 3
5. Y B Z↷ A
Qn♠ 9♠ 5♠ 7♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 3, YZ, 3
6. Y↷ B Z A
Kg♠ 9♣ 8♠ 6♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 4
7. Y B↷ Z A
A♣ 3♣ Kg♣ 4♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 4
8. Y↷ B Z A
4♠ 7♣ 10♠ 6♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 5
9. Y B↷ Z A
Qn♡ 10♡ 3♡ Knv♡]
REMARK (Trick 9).--A's finesse is unlucky. He has no indication as
to the position of the queen. _The finesse must not be judged by the
result._ It is generally right against one card if the success of the
finesse wins the game.
* * * * *
TRICKS 10 to 13.--YZ make two tricks in diamonds (_see_ their hands
below); and
YZ win the odd trick.
THE HANDS.
(A's hand is given above.)
Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Kg, Qn, Knv, 4 ♠|Ace, 9 ♠|10, 8, 5, 3 ♠
Qn, 5 ♡|Ace, 10 ♡|8, 3, 2 ♡
Ace, 4, 2 ♣|9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 3 ♣|Kg, Qn, 10 ♣
Kg, Knv, 8, 5 ♢|Qn, 9, 3 ♢|Ace, 4, 2 ♢
At Trick 6, Y's lead is not well judged. He knows his partner to hold
king of clubs single, and his object should be to prevent the two
trumps from being drawn together. Y's best lead appears to be queen of
hearts; and if it wins, a diamond.
HAND XV.
Counting the hands, and refusing a finesse.
[Illustration: Z'S HAND.
A, Kg, Knv, 2 ♠
A, Kg, 2 ♡
6, 4 ♣
8, 4, 3, 2 ♢
Score: Love-all.
King of hearts turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. A↷ Y B Z
5♢ 6♢ A♢ 2♢]
REMARK (Trick 1).--A has not both king and queen of diamonds, or he
would have led one. B has not either king or queen of diamonds, or he
would have played one of them instead of the ace. Therefore, Y must
have one of those cards. Z draws this inference _at the time_. It will
not be of any use to him until near the end of the hand.
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 0
2. A Y B↷ Z
5♣ 7♣ A♣ 4♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 1
3. A Y B↷ Z
8♣ Qn♣ 3♣ 6♣]
REMARK.--B has led from exactly five clubs (_see_ Appendix A).
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 2
4. A Y↷ B Z
4♡ 5♡ 3♡ Kg♡]
REMARK.--The ace would be an echo (_see_ p. 128).
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 3
5. A Y B Z↷
7♡ 6♡ 8♡ A♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 4
6. A Y B Z↷
3♠ 5♠ 4♠ Kg♠]
REMARK (Trick 6).--The policy of this lead is doubtful. Players are
apt to show their suits in this manner. But it is clear, the opponents
having led diamonds and clubs, that if Z has strength in any suit it is
in spades. The objections to showing a suit in this way are: 1, that it
may be trumped the first round; 2, that partner may have only one card
of it. In the latter case he cannot return the lead, and must open or
continue another suit to a disadvantage.
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 5
7. A Y B Z↷
Knv♡ Qn♡ 9♡ 2♡]
REMARK.--Y has the long trump.
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 6
8. A Y↷ B Z
9♣ Kg♣ 2♣ 3♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 7
9. A Y↷ B Z
8♠ 9♠ 6♠ A♠]
REMARK (Trick 9).--Z's play in not finessing is very good. He can count
Y's hand, thus: Y has no more clubs (_see_ Remark, Trick 3), he has the
last trump, and three other cards. These cards must either be queen,
ten of spades, and a diamond, in which case Z's play does not matter;
or the nine returned by Y must be his best spade, in which case he can
only have one more, as he would return the higher of two remaining
cards (_see_ p. 79), and his other cards must then be two diamonds.
Therefore, assuming the case in which Z's play does matter (_i.e._, of
Y's nine being his best spade), Y's diamond must be guarded.
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 8
10. A Y B Z↷
Knv♢ Qn♢ 10♣ 8♢]
Consequently, Z, by not finessing, makes sure of the game. He requires
one more trick besides the ace of spades and his partner's trump, and
this trick Y is certain to make in diamonds if Z leads through A's hand
(_see_ Remark, Trick 1).
* * * * *
TRICKS 10 to 13.--Z (Trick 10) leads a diamond, and, however A plays,
YZ score three by cards and two by honours.
THE HANDS.
(Z's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND.
Qn, 8, 3 ♠|9, 5 ♠|10, 7, 6, 4 ♠
Knv, 7, 4 ♡|Qn, 10, 6, 5 ♡|9, 8, 3 ♡
9, 8, 5 ♣|Kg, Qn, 7 ♣|Ace, Knv, 10, 3, 2 ♣
Kg, Knv, 7, 5 ♢|Qn, 10, 9, 6 ♢|Ace ♢
As the cards happen to lie, YZ only score four if Z finesses at Trick
9, and A plays properly. A, on winning this trick with the queen of
spades, should see that his only chance of making two more tricks is to
be led up to in diamonds. He should therefore (Trick 10) lead the seven
of diamonds, which Y is compelled to take, and AB save the game.
[Illustration]
HAND XVI.
Leading losing card to place the lead (_see_ pp. 147-151).
[Illustration: B'S HAND.
A, Qn, Knv ♠
A, Kg, 9, 3 ♡
Knv, 8, 6, 2 ♣
Knv, 5 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Ten of hearts turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. Z A↷ Y B
4♢, Kg♢, 8♢, 5♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 0
2. Z A↷ Y B
7♢ A♢ Qn♢ Knv♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 0
3. Z A↷ Y B
2♠ 10♠ 3♠ Knv♠]
REMARK.--Y has the king of spades.
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 0
4. Z A Y B↷
7♡ Knv♡ 5♡ 3♡]
REMARK.--It is probable that A is weak in trumps, as he refused to
force his partner in diamonds. Nevertheless, B leads a trump, as he is
well provided in spades, and has some defence in the club suit.
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 0
5. Z A↷ Y B
8♡ 4♡ 6♡ Kg♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 0
6. Z A Y B↷
10♡ 2♡ 4♠ A♡]
REMARK (Trick 6).--The queen of hearts must be in Z's hand, as A
returned the four and now plays the two, and Y renounces.
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 1
7. Z A Y B↷
3♣ Kg♣ A♣ 2♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 2
8. Z A Y↷ B
7♣ 5♣ Qn♣ 6♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 7 YZ, 2
9. Z A Y↷ B
10♣ 2♢ 4♣ Knv♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 7 YZ, 3
10. Z A Y B↷
6♠ 3♢ 9♣ 8♣]
REMARK (Trick 10).--B leads the losing club to throw the lead into Y's
hand. Y will then be obliged to lead a spade, as he has no other suit.
Z will have to follow suit, or will be forced with the queen of trumps,
and B will make the ace of spades and the last trump.
* * * * *
TRICKS 11 to 13.--Y (Trick 11) leads a spade, B puts on the queen, and
AB score three by cards and two by honours.
THE HANDS.
(B's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
10, 9, 7 ♠|Kg, 8, 5, 4, 3 ♠|6, 2 ♠
Knv, 4, 2 ♡|6, 5 ♡|Qn, 10, 8, 7 ♡
Kg, 5 ♣|Ace, Qn, 9, 4 ♣|10, 7, 3 ♣
Ace, Kg, 6, 3, 2 ♢|Qn, 8 ♢|10, 9, 7, 4 ♢
At Trick 8, Y should underplay in clubs.
HAND XVII.
Leading losing card to place the lead (_see_ pp. 147-151).
[Illustration: Y'S HAND.
A, Qn, 10, 5 ♠
10, 3 ♡
9, 5, 2 ♣
Qn, Knv, 6, 2 ♢
Score: AB, love; YZ, one.
Four of clubs turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 1
1. B Z A↷ Y
3♠ 2♠ 7♠ Qn♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 2
2. B Z A Y↷
3♢ Kg♢ 5♢ 2♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 2
3. B Z↷ A Y
10♣ 4♣ 7♣ 9♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 3
4. B↷ Z A Y
6♠ Knv♠ Kg♠ A♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 4
5. B Z A Y↷
3♣ Kg♣ 8♣ 5♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 5
6. B Z↷ A Y
6♣ A♣ Knv♣ 2♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 6
7. B Z↷ A Y
4♢ A♢ 8♢ 6♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 7
8. B Z↷ A Y
10♢ 7♢ 9♢ Knv♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 7
9. B Z A Y↷
4♠ 4♡ Qn♣ Qn♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 8
10. B Z A↷ Y
6♡ 5♡ 8♠ 10♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 11.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 8
11. B Z A Y↷
7♡ 8♡ 9♠ 5♠]
REMARK (Trick 11).--Y leads the losing spade to put the lead into A's
hand (_see_ fall of the spades, Tricks 1, 4, and 10), and so compel A
to lead hearts up to Z. At this score (YZ, one) this is the best chance
of four by cards. If the score were YZ, love, Y should lead a heart, as
leading the spade gives up all chance of five by cards.
TRICKS 12 and 13.--Z has ace, queen of hearts; and
YZ win four by cards.
THE HANDS.
(Y's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Kg, 9, 8, 7 ♠|6, 4, 3 ♠|Knv, 2 ♠
Kg, 2 ♡|Knv, 9, 7, 6 ♡|Ace, Qn, 8, 5, 4 ♡
Qn, Knv, 8, 7 ♣|10, 6, 3 ♣|Ace, Kg, 4 ♣
9, 8, 5 ♢|10, 4, 3 ♢|Ace, Kg, 7 ♢
At Trick 4, B, having a weak hand, plays his partner's game, in
preference to planning an attack for himself by opening his own poor
suit of four to the knave.
HAND XVIII.
Underplay.
[Illustration: Z'S HAND.
A, Kg, 10, 6 ♠
Knv, 10, 5, 4, 3 ♡
Kg, 7 ♣
Kg, 6 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Six of spades turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 1
1. A↷ Y B Z
3♠ 8♠ 9♠ 10♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 2
2. A Y B Z↷
6♡ A♡ 7♡ 4♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 3
3. A Y↷ B Z
4♣ A♣ 6♣ 7♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 4
4. A Y↷ B Z
2♣ 10♣ 9♣ Kg♣]
REMARK (Trick 4).--Y has led from ace, queen, knave, ten; and B, the
weak trump hand, has no more clubs.
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 5
5. A Y B Z↷
2♠ Knv♠ 4♠ 6♠]
REMARK (Trick 5).--Z underplays in trumps. To continue hearts, with
queen, king marked against him (_see_ Trick 2), or to open diamonds,
would be very disadvantageous, so a trump lead is forced, more
especially as Y has command of clubs, and B is about to trump that
suit. The lead of ace or king of trumps would leave the lead with Z,
who would then still be in a difficulty as to his next lead. Further,
it is of importance to endeavour to place the lead in Y's hand, that he
may continue clubs. Also, if the underplay succeeds, it is not at all
unlikely that YZ will win the game.
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 6
6. A Y↷ B Z
5♣ Qn♣ 2♢ 3♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 7
7. A Y↷ B Z
8♣ Knv♣ 8♡ 5♡]
TRICKS 8 to 13.--Z makes ace, king of trumps, and
YZ win the game.
THE HANDS.
(Z's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND.
Qn, 7, 5, 3, 2 ♠|Knv, 8 ♠|9, 4 ♠
Kg, 6 ♡|Ace, 2 ♡|Qn, 9, 8, 7 ♡
8, 5, 4, 2 ♣|Ace, Qn, Knv, 10, 3 ♣|9, 6 ♣
Ace, Qn ♢|10, 5, 4, 3 ♢|Knv, 9 8, 7, 2 ♢
At Trick 5, if A puts on queen of spades, second hand, he saves
the game. May be, a very shrewd player would have seen through the
position, including the importance of preventing Y from getting the
lead if possible; but A can hardly be blamed for passing, as it is
unlikely that both ace and king of spades are in Z's hand.
[Illustration]
HAND XIX.
Underplay, and playing to the score.
[Illustration: Y'S HAND.
Knv, 10, 7, 3 ♠
A, Kg, 8, 6, 5 ♡
A, 3 ♣
Kg, 2 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Four of spades turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 1
1. B Z A↷ Y
9♣ Qn♣ 6♣ 3♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 2
2. B Z↷ A Y
3♢ 4♢ 6♢ Kg♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 2
3. B Z A Y↷
6♠ Qn♠ Kg♠ 3♠]
REMARK (Trick 3).--Y is justified in playing a forward game. He has
four trumps (_see_ pp. 122, 123), ace of the opponent's suit, and a
fine heart suit: and his partner has declared strength in diamonds by
choosing that suit for his original lead.
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 3
4. B Z A↷ Y
2♣ 4♣ 5♣ A♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 3
5. B Z A Y↷
8♠ 2♠ A♠ 10♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 4
6. B Z A↷ Y
4♡ 3♡ 10♡ A♡]
REMARK (Trick 6).--Y is justified in playing a false card here,
notwithstanding General Principle 12 (p. 108). The heart is a forced
lead, and the card led (the ten) is obviously A's best. Y's scheme is
to take another round of trumps, and then to underplay in hearts (_see_
p. 101); so he puts on the ace to deceive B as to the position of the
king.
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 5
7. B Z A Y↷
9♠ 4♠ 5♠ Knv♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 6
8. B Z A Y↷
7♡ 9♡ 2♡ 5♡]
TRICKS 9 to 13.--Z leads the king of clubs, to which Y discards the
two of diamonds. Z then leads the knave of hearts, on which Y puts the
king; the queen falls (_see_ the hands below); Y brings in the hearts;
and
YZ win five by cards.
THE HANDS.
(Y's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Ace, Kg, 5 ♠|9, 8, 6 ♠|Qn, 4, 2 ♠
10, 2 ♡|Qn, 7, 4 ♡|Knv, 9, 3 ♡
Knv, 8, 7, 6, 5 ♣|10, 9, 2 ♣|Kg, Qn, 4 ♣
Ace, 8, 6 ♢|10, 9, 7, 3 ♢|Qn, Knv, 5, 4 ♢
A and B both play the hand badly. At Trick 6, A, in the face of an
adverse trump lead and the command of his suit (clubs) against him,
should lead the ace of diamonds to make the third trick and save the
game. At Trick 8, B should put on his queen of hearts. He is fairly
taken in by Y's dark play at Trick 6; but he ought not to have allowed
himself to be so. He should have argued that Y, who has been playing a
very strong game, would not be likely to put on ace second hand merely
for the purpose of getting the lead or of making sure of a trick.
Further, if A's lead was a forced one, from weakness (hearts being the
only suit in which B can be strong), Z is sure to finesse if he has
king, knave, or even king, nine. So B's best chance of making the queen
is to put it on (_see_ p. 102).
HAND XX.
Defensive trump lead, and playing to the score.
[Illustration: A'S HAND.
Kg, Knv, 5 ♠
Qn, 8, 2 ♡
Qn, 10, 5, 3 ♣
Qn, 7, 5 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Nine of clubs turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. Y B Z A↷
6♣ Kg♣ 4♣ 3♣]
REMARK (Trick 1).--A defensive trump lead, to avoid opening a three
card suit.
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 0
2. Y B↷ Z A
7♣ A♣ 8♣ 5♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 0
3. Y B↷ Z A
8♢ Kg♢ 6♢ 5♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 1
4. Y B↷ Z A
Knv♣ 2♣ 9♣ 10♣]
REMARK (Trick 4).--A's finesse is unlucky. He is, however, clearly
justified in not parting with the command of trumps, as, even if the
finesse does not succeed, he remains with the last trump, will be led
up to in one of his guarded suits, and will, in all probability, bring
in his partner's diamonds.
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 2
5. Y↷ B Z A
4♡ 3♡ A♡ 2♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 3
6. Y B Z↷ A
9♡ 6♡ Knv♡ 8♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 4
7. Y B Z↷ A
Kg♡ 7♡ 5♡ Qn♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 4
8. Y↷ B Z A
10♡ 10♠ 6♠ Qn♣]
TRICKS 9 to 13.--A leads the queen of diamonds, and finds his partner
with the entire command of diamonds (_see_ B's hand below).
AB score three by cards and two by honours.
THE HANDS.
(A's hand is given above.)
Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
8, 7, 4, 3, 2 ♠|10 ♠|Ace, Qn, 9, 6 ♠
Kg, 10, 9, 4 ♡|7, 6, 3 ♡|Ace, Knv, 5 ♡
Knv, 7, 6 ♣|Ace, Kg, 2 ♣|9, 8, 4 ♣
8 ♢|A, Kg, Knv, 4, 3, 2 ♢|10, 9, 6 ♢
It may be observed that Z loses the game by bad play at Trick 7. The
fall of the cards in Tricks 5 and 6 shows that A has the queen of
hearts, and Y the king. Z should therefore, at Trick 7, lead the ace of
spades to make the fourth trick, and then the heart, making the fifth
trick and saving the game.
At Trick 8, if Y leads a spade and Z does not finesse, the game may
be saved. To finesse at that point would be very bad play, as the
ace of spades makes the fifth trick. But Y's play at Trick 8, though
unfortunate, is not wrong; for Y cannot tell that Z has the ace of
spades; indeed, the presumption is that he has not, or he would have
led it. Y properly plays to force the long trump, and to make his
partner fourth player.
HAND XXI.
An ill-judged call for trumps, and a well-judged third round,
notwithstanding the adverse strength.
[Illustration: B'S HAND.
Kg, 5, 4 ♠
A, Qn, 10, 8 ♡
5, 3, 2 ♣
Qn, 10, 6 ♢
Score: Four-all.
Queen of spades turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 1
1. Z A↷ Y B
6♣ 10♣ A♣ 2♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 1
2. Z A Y↷ B
Kg♢ A♢ 3♢ 6♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 2
3. Z A↷ Y B
4♣ Knv♣ 2♠ 3♣]
REMARK.--Z has called for trumps.
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 3
4. Z A Y↷ B
Knv♠ 6♠ A♠ 4♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 3
5. Z A Y↷ B
8♠ Kg♣ 7♠ Kg♠]
REMARK.--The fall of the spades (_see_ Tricks 3, 4, and 5) shows that
the three is in Y's hand.
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 4
6. Z A Y B↷
9♠ 8♣ 3♠ 5♠]
REMARK.--It is seldom right to continue trumps when led by the
opponents; but this is an exceptional case. B plays well in drawing
two trumps for one, as it is evident that if Y and Z make their trumps
separately they must win the odd trick.
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 4
7. Z↷ A Y B
4♢ 7♢ 9♢ 10♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 4
8. Z A Y B↷
7♣ 9♣ 4♡ 5♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 4
9. Z A↷ Y B
3♡ Qn♣ 5♡ 8♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 5
10. Z A↷ Y B
10♠ 8♢ Knv♢ Qn♢]
TRICKS 11 to 13.--Whatever Z leads, B makes ace, queen of hearts; and
AB win the odd trick.
THE HANDS.
(B's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
6 ♠|Ace, 7, 3, 2 ♠|Qn, Knv, 10, 9, 8 ♠
9, 6, 2 ♡|7, 5, 4 ♡|Kg, Knv, 3 ♡
Kg, Qn, Knv, 10, 9, 8 ♣|Ace ♣|7, 6, 4 ♣
Ace, 8, 7 ♢|Knv, 9, 5, 3, 2 ♢|Kg, 4 ♢
Z's call for trumps is ill-judged, especially at the score of four-all.
The whole club suit is declared against him, as Y, putting on ace,
second hand, can have no more. If Z does not call, he wins the game
easily.
HAND XXII.
Returned lead, and refusing a force.
[Illustration: A'S HAND.
A, 10, 9, 4, 2 ♠
10, 6, 3 ♡
9 ♣
A, Qn, 8, 7 ♢
Score: AB, one; YZ, love.
Knave of spades turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. Y B Z A↷
3♠ Qn♠ 6♠ 4♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 0
2. Y B↷ Z A
8♠ 7♠ Knv♠ A♠]
REMARK (Trick 2).--B has the five of spades, and Y the king. A,
therefore, does not continue the trump, but leaves the small spade in
his partner's hand.
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 0
3. Y B Z A↷
3♢ Kg♢ 2♢ 7♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 0
4. Y B↷ Z A
6♢ 10♢ 4♢ Qn♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 0
5. Y B Z A↷
9♢ 2♣ 5♢ A♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 0
6. Y B Z A↷
Knv♢ 5♠ 2♡ 8♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 1
7. Y B↷ Z A
A♣ 4♣ 7♣ 9♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 2
8. Y↷ B Z A
Kg♠ 3♣ 7♡ 2♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 3
9. Y↷ B Z A
Qn♣ 5♣ 8♣ 3♡]
REMARK (Trick 9).--A knows B has two more clubs (_see_ Tricks 7 and 8,
and p. 106). A, therefore, desires to leave the lead with Y, that he
may go on with another club, and so clear B's suit.
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 7 YZ, 3
10. Y↷ B Z A
Kg♣ 6♣ Knv♣ 9♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 11.
TRICKS {AB, 8 YZ, 3
11. Y B Z A↷
4♡ A♡ 9♡ 6♡]
REMARK (Trick 11).--A leads his smallest heart, as he does not want to
tempt B to finesse (_see_ p. 142). B has ace, queen of hearts (_see_
his hand below), but he does not finesse, as the ace of hearts, last
club, and A's trump make every trick.
AB win four by cards.
THE HANDS.
(A's hand is given above.)
Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Kg, 8, 3 ♠|Qn, 7, 5 ♠|Knv, 6 ♠
8, 5, 4 ♡|Ace, Qn ♡|Kg, Knv, 9, 7, 2 ♡
Ace, Kg, Qn ♣|10, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 ♣|Knv, 8, 7 ♣
Knv, 9, 6, 3 ♢|Kg, 10 ♢|5, 4, 2 ♢
Y should play queen of clubs at Trick 7, and ace of clubs at Trick
9, when A will not have sufficient materials for his _coup_, as he
will be uncertain as to the position of the best club. Y gives his
adversary too much information by playing book (_see_ p. 113). When the
adversaries have command of trumps, it is often advisable, towards the
end of a hand, to play so as not to enable them to count the cards.
HAND XXIII.
Refusing to overtrump.
[Illustration: A'S HAND.
10, 5, 3, 2 ♠
Kg, 10, 2 ♡
3, 2 ♣
A, 4, 3, 2 ♢
Score: Three-all.
Five of diamonds turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 1
1. Y B Z A↷
8♠ Knv♠ 6♢ 2♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 2
2. Y B Z↷ A
7♢ 5♣ 10♢ 2♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 2
3. Y B Z↷ A
Qn♡ A♡ 4♡ 2♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 2
4. Y B↷ Z A
4♣ Kg♣ 9♣ 2♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 2
5. Y B↷ Z A
7♣ A♣ Qn♣ 3♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 3
6. Y B↷ Z A
8♣ Knv♣ 5♢ 3♠]
REMARK (Trick 6).-A does not overtrump. This is the sort of _coup_ for
which no rule can be laid down in a book, as it depends entirely on the
state of the game and the previous fall of the cards. A sees, that his
only chance of two by cards is for the remaining trumps to be divided,
and for him to be able to get two rounds before he loses the command of
hearts. If then his partner has ace, queen of spades, he may win the
game against two by honours.
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 3
7. Y B Z↷ A
8♡ 6♡ 3♡ 10♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 3
8. Y B Z A↷
8♢ 6♣ Knv♢ A♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 4
9. Y B Z A↷
9♢ 4♠ Qn♢ 3♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 5
10. Y B Z↷ A
10♣ 6♠ Kg♢ 4♢]
TRICKS 11 to 13.--Z leads a heart which A wins. A leads a spade, and
finds his partner with ace, queen; and
AB win two by cards (which score before honours).
THE HANDS.
(A's hand is given above.)
Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Kg, 9, 8 ♠|Ace, Qn, Knv, 7, 6, 4 ♠| |
Qn, 9, 8 ♡|Ace, 6 ♡|Knv, 7, 5, 4, 3 ♡
10, 8, 7, 4 ♣|Ace, Kg, Knv, 6, 5 ♣|Qn, 9 ♣
9, 8, 7 ♢| | |Kg, Qn, Knv, 10, 6, 5 ♢
HAND XXIV.
Refusing to overtrump.
[Illustration: Y'S HAND.
Kg, 7, 6 ♠
A, 9, 7, 6, 5, 4 ♡
5, 3 ♣
Qn, 7 ♢
Score: Four-all.
Five of spades turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. B Z A↷ Y
A♢ 2♢ 9♢ Qn♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 0
2. B↷ Z A Y
10♣ 6♣ A♣ 3♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 0
3. B Z A↷ Y
2♣ 3♢ Kg♢ 7♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 1
4. B Z A↷ Y
4♣ 4♢ Knv♢ Kg♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 2
5. B Z A Y↷
8♡ 3♡ 2♡ A♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 2
6. B Z A Y↷
Kg♡ Qn♡ Knv♡ 4♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 3
7. B↷ Z A Y
Qn♣ 5♠ 7♣ 5♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 3
8. B Z↷ A Y
8♠ 5♢ 10♢ 6♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 4
9. B↷ Z A Y
10♡ 10♠ 8♣ 5♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 4
10. B Z↷ A Y
Knv♣ 8♢ 2♠ 6♡]
REMARK (Trick 10).--Y's play in not overtrumping is very good. He
counts the hand thus: to save the game Z must hold ace, queen, or ace,
knave of spades; his third card is evidently the remaining diamond. A
has the nine of clubs (_see_ fall of the club suit in Tricks 2, 7, and
9), and two trumps. B has two trumps, one being queen or knave (_see_
Trick 9), and king, knave of clubs. If the cards remaining in each hand
are placed face upwards on the table, and the uncertain cards, viz.,
the nine, four, and three of trumps are given two to A, and one to B,
it will be seen that, if Y overtrumps with the seven, he cannot make
the requisite three tricks; but that, if he leaves the lead with A, YZ
make the remaining tricks.
It may be added, that if, at Trick 10, A discards his club, and keeps
his three little trumps together, leaving the trick to B, AB must win
the odd trick if B leads a trump at Trick 11 after trumping. This A
might have reckoned.
THE HANDS.
(Y's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
4, 3, 2 ♠|Qn, 9, 8 ♠|Ace, Knv, 10, 5 ♠
Knv, 2 ♡|Kg, 10, 8 ♡|Qn, 3 ♡
Ace, 9, 8, 7 ♣|Kg, Qn, Knv, 10, 4, 2 ♣|6 ♣
Kg, Knv, 10, 9 ♢|Ace ♢|8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 ♢
HAND XXV.
_See_ Refusing to overtrump, pp. 146, 147.
[Illustration: B'S HAND.
Qn, 2 ♠
A, 8, 2 ♡
9, 8, 5, 4 ♣
Kg, 6, 3, 2 ♢
Score: AB, three; YZ, love.
Seven of hearts turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 1
1. Z A↷ Y B
A♠ 8♠ 4♠ Qn♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 2
2. Z↷ A Y B
3♣ 7♣ Knv♣ 4♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 2
3. Z A Y↷ B
6♣ 6♡ A♣ 5♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 2
4. Z A↷ Y B
3♠ Knv♠ 5♠ 2♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 2
5. Z A↷ Y B
10♠ Kg♠ 6♠ 8♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 2
6. Z A↷ Y B
5♢ 4♢ 8♢ Kg♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 2
7. Z A Y B↷
10♣ 9♡ 2♣ 9♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 3
8. Z A↷ Y B
7♢ Qn♢ A♢ 2♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 3
9. Z A Y↷ B
Knv♡ Kg♡ 3♡ 2♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 4
10. Z A↷ Y B
Kg♣ 9♠ 10♡ 3♢]
REMARK (Trick 10).--B can count A's hand--viz., a spade and two
diamonds. Therefore, if B overtrumps he cannot possibly win two more
tricks.
[Illustration: TRICK 11.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 5
11. Z A Y↷ B
4♡ 9♢ Qn♣ 6♢]
TRICKS 12 and 13.--Z leads a trump (he has only trumps in hand), and B
makes ace and eight.
AB win two by cards.
THE HANDS.
(B's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Kg, Knv, 9, 8, 7 ♠|6, 5, 4 ♠|Ace, 10, 3 ♠
Kg, 9, 6 ♡|Qn, 10, 3 ♡|Knv, 7, 5, 4 ♡
7 ♣|Ace, Qn, Knv, 2 ♣|Kg, 10, 6, 3 ♣
Qn, Knv, 9, 4 ♢|Ace, 10, 8 ♢|7, 5 ♢
The end play of this hand is difficult. At Trick 9, Y leads three of
hearts in preference to the queen, as he can count an honour single in
A's hand. At Trick 10, A's best lead is doubtful. At Trick 10, also,
probably Y should trump with the queen (_see_ p. 147); but even then, B
must place ten of hearts in Y's hand.
HAND XXVI.
Counting the hands, and consequent departure from rule.
[Illustration: Y'S HAND.
4 ♠
A, Kg, Qn, 10, 2 ♡
8, 7 ♣
Kg, 10, 8, 7, 3 ♢
Score: AB, three; YZ, one.
Five of diamonds turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. B Z A↷ Y
Knv♢ 5♢ 6♢ 3♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 0
2. B↷ Z A Y
2♢ 2♣ A♢ 7♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 1
3. B Z A↷ Y
Qn♠ A♠ 3♠ 4♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 2
4. B Z↷ A Y
3♣ A♣ Kg♣ 7♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 2
5. B Z↷ A Y
4♣ 10♣ 4♢ 8♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 3
6. B Z A↷ Y
7♠ 6♠ 2♠ 8♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 4
7. B Z A Y↷
5♡ 9♡ 7♡ 2♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 5
8. B Z↷ A Y
9♣ Qn♣ 5♠ 10♡]
REMARK (Trick 7).--This is strong illustration of a case for departing
from rule. Y can count two more trumps, and three more spades in A's
hand (_see_ A's leads, Tricks 3 and 6, and p. 116). It is clear that A
can have at most two hearts; consequently, if Y leads his tierce major
in hearts, he must lose the game, as the opponents have two by honours.
But, if Y can give his partner the lead, and Z has four more clubs, or
the winning club, and A makes the mistake of trumping it, YZ may make
every trick, and win the game.
Y would be right to play as he does even if A had led from only four
spades. With a strong trump hand declared against, and a long weak
suit, it is doubtful whether A should not have led the deuce of spades
at Trick 3 (_see_ Appendix A); but the hand is given as it was played.
* * * * *
TRICKS 9 to 13.--Z continues to lead clubs (_see_ his hand below), and
whether A passes or trumps,
YZ score four by cards.
THE HANDS.
(Y's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Knv, 9, 5, 3, 2 ♠|Kg, Qn, 10, 8, 7 ♠|Ace, 6 ♠
8, 7 ♡|Knv, 6, 5 ♡|9, 4, 3 ♡
Kg ♣|9, 4, 3 ♣|A, Qn, Knv, 10, 6, 5, 2 ♣
Ace, Qn, 9, 6, 4 ♢|Knv, 2 ♢|5 ♢
[Illustration]
HAND XXVII.
_See_ Leading from weakest suit, p. 141.
[Illustration: Z'S HAND.
A, 10, 7, 6, 4, 3, 2 ♠
Qn, 6, 3 ♡
5 ♣
8, 5 ♢
Score: AB, three; YZ, four.
Five of clubs turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. A↷ Y B Z
8♣ 3♣ A♣ 5♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 0
2. A Y B↷ Z
Kg♣ 4♣ Knv♣ 2♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 1
3. A↷ Y B Z
2♣ Qn♣ 3♢ 3♠]
REMARK.--By the first discard Z shows his strong suit to be spades. In
an ordinary hand, Z might afterwards throw a diamond. But here, Y must
be strong in diamonds, in order to save the game; and it is important
for Z to keep the power of leading that suit more than once.
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 2
4. A Y↷ B Z
Kg♠ Knv♠ Qn♠ A♠]
REMARK.--B covers the honour, because the lead was from weakness. B
plays badly; he should have passed the knave. For, A has shown four
more trumps, and only one other trick is required. Hence, if A has ace
or king of spades, the game is won to a moral certainty; if not, no
good is got by covering.
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 3
5. A Y B Z↷
9♢ 10♢ 4♢ 8♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 3
6. A Y↷ B Z
6♣ 8♠ 9♠ 10♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 4
7. A↷ Y B Z
Kg♡ A♡ 7♡ 3♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 4
8. A Y↷ B Z
7♣ 5♠ 6♢ 6♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 5
9. A↷ Y B Z
4♡ 2♡ 8♡ Qn♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 5
10. A Y B Z↷
9♣ 5♡ Knv♡ 7♠]
TRICKS 11 to 13.--A, with the lead, remains with the last trump and
king, knave of diamonds. He (Trick 11) leads the trump; but, whatever
he plays,
YZ win the odd trick.
THE HANDS.
(Z's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND.
Kg ♠|Knv, 8, 5 ♠|Qn, 9 ♠
Kg, 4 ♡|Ace, 5, 2 ♡|Knv, 10, 9, 8, 7 ♡
Kg, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 2 ♣|Qn, 4, 3 ♣|Ace, Knv ♣
Kg, Knv, 9 ♢|Ace, Qn, 10, 2 ♢|7, 6, 4, 3 ♢
A plays well throughout, but he cannot prevent the result. His lead of
the trump at Trick 3 to show his strength, and to tell his partner to
make one trick certain if he has the chance, is unlucky, as it puts the
adversaries on the only tack for saving the game.
HAND XXVIII.
_See_ Treating long suits like short ones, pp. 142, 143.
[Illustration: B'S HAND.
A, Qn, 10, 2 ♠
Kg, 5, 4, 3, 2 ♡
Kg, 3 ♣
Qn, Knv ♢
Score: AB, one; YZ, love.
Nine of spades turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. Z A↷ Y B
4♢ 3♢ 7♢ Knv♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 0
2. Z A Y B↷
4♠ Kg♠ 5♠ 2♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 0
3. Z A↷ Y B
6♠ 7♠ Knv♠ Qn♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 0
4. Z A Y B↷
8♠ 3♠ 2♣ 10♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 0
5. Z A Y B↷
9♠ 5♣ 6♡ A♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 1
6. Z A Y B↷
6♢ 2♢ A♢ Qn♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 2
7. Z A Y↷ B
4♣ 7♣ A♣ 3♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 2
8. Z A Y↷ B
Qn♣ 8♣ 9♣ Kg♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 3
9. Z A Y B↷
9♡ 7♡ A♡ Kg♡]
REMARK (Trick 9).--Deschapelles' Coup. B can count A's hand, three
diamonds and two hearts, for the ten, nine of clubs are clearly with Y
(_see_ Tricks 7 and 8). B therefore leads the king of hearts (_see_ p.
142). If he makes the usual lead of a small heart, he wins a trick less
as the cards happen to lie.
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 4
10. Z A Y↷ B
6♣ 5♢ 10♣ 2♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 11.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 5
11. Z A Y↷ B
8♢ 9♢ Knv♣ 3♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 12.
TRICKS {AB, 7 YZ, 5
12. Z A Y↷ B
10♡ Qn♡ 8♡ 4♡]
TRICK 13.--A makes the king of diamonds; and
AB score two by cards and two by honours.
If Y, at Trick 4, discards a heart, he saves the game. Nevertheless,
his proper discard is the club (_see_ pp. 104-5).
THE HANDS.
(B's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Kg, 7, 3 ♠|Knv, 5 ♠|9, 8, 6, 4 ♠
Qn, 7 ♡|Ace, 8, 6 ♡|Knv, 10, 9 ♡
8, 7, 5 ♣|Ace, Knv, 10, 9, 2 ♣|Qn, 6, 4 ♣
Kg, 9, 5, 3, 2 ♢|Ace, 10, 7 ♢|8, 6, 4 ♢
HAND XXIX.
_See_ Refusing to win the second round of a suit, p. 143.
[Illustration: Z'S HAND.
Kg, 9, 7, 6, 4 ♠
A ♡
A, 6 ♣
Knv, 10, 9, 6, 3 ♢
Score: AB, four; YZ, two.
Four of spades turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 1
1. A↷ Y B Z
Knv♡ 4♡ 3♡ A♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 2
2. A Y B Z↷
2♠ A♠ 3♠ 6♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 3
3. A Y↷ B Z
10♠ 8♠ 5♠ Kg♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 3
4. A Y B Z↷
3♣ 8♡ Knv♠ 7♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 3
5. A Y B↷ Z
4♣ 9♡ Qn♠ 9♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 3
6. A Y B↷ Z
2♡ 2♢ 10♡ 6♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 4
7. A Y B↷ Z
5♡ 4♢ 7♡ 4♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 5
8. A Y B Z↷
Kg♢ A♢ 5♢ 6♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 5
9. A Y↷ B Z
6♡ 8♢ Qn♢ 3♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 6
10. A Y B↷ Z
7♣ 2♣ Qn♣ A♣]
TRICKS 10 to 13.--Z brings in the diamonds; and
YZ win three by cards.
THE HANDS.
(Z's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND.
10, 2 ♠|Ace, 8 ♠|Qn, Knv, 5, 3 ♠
Kg, Qn, Knv, 6, 5, 2 ♡|9, 8, 4 ♡|10, 7, 3 ♡
Kg, 7, 4, 3 ♣|10, 9, 8, 2 ♣|Qn, Knv, 5 ♣
Kg ♢|Ace, 8, 4, 2 ♢|Qn, 7, 5 ♢
At Trick 4, A having already shown his suit does not discard from it,
as there is still a possibility of bringing it in (_see_ pp. 104-6),
and his king of clubs is sufficiently protected even after the discard.
If Z parts with the last trump at Trick 6, and leads diamonds, A, on
the second round of diamonds, will unguard his king of clubs, knowing
his partner to have a heart to lead him (_see_ fall of the heart suit,
Tricks 1, 4, and 5), will bring in all the hearts, and win the odd
trick.
HAND XXX.
_See_ Refusing to win the second round of a suit, pp. 143, 144.
[Illustration: B'S HAND.
A, Qn, Knv ♠
8, 4 ♡
A, 7, 2 ♣
A, Qn, Knv, 5, 2 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Ten of hearts turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. Z A↷ Y B
4♢ 6♢ 3♢ Knv♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 1
2. Z A Y B↷
5♡ 7♢ 8♢ A♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 2
3. Z↷ A Y B
3♡ 7♡ Qn♡ 4♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 3
4. Z A Y↷ B
2♡ 9♡ Kg♡ 8♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 4
5. Z A Y↷ B
Kg♣ 4♣ 6♣ 2♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 5
6. Z↷ A Y B
A♡ Knv♡ 2♠ 2♢]
REMARK (Trick 6).--B has next to no chance of bringing in the diamonds.
He therefore plays to protect his short suits (_see_ pp. 104-6).
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 6
7. Z↷ A Y B
Knv♣ 10♣ 5♣ 7♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 6
8. Z↷ A Y B
3♣ Kg♢ 8♣ A♣]
REMARK (Trick 7).--B refuses to win this trick. The three of clubs is
clearly in Z's hand (_see_ fall of the club suit, Tricks 5 and 7), and
the two long trumps. The remaining clubs are evidently in Y's hand. If,
therefore, B parts with the ace of clubs while Z has a club to lead, AB
lose the game, unless A has the king of spades; and if A has that card,
B loses nothing by passing this trick, as Z, having only one more club,
must hold three spades.
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 7
9. Z A Y B↷
6♡ 9♢ 10♢ Qn♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 7
10. Z↷ A Y B
4♠ 3♠ 9♠ Knv♠]
TRICKS 11 to 13.--B (Trick 11) leads the last diamond, and forces Z. Z
(Trick 12) has only spades to lead; B makes ace, queen of spades; and
YZ score two by cards and two by honours.
THE HANDS.
(B's hand is given above).
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
10, 8, 7, 3 ♠|9, 5, 2 ♠|Kg, 6, 4 ♠
Knv, 9, 7 ♡|Kg, Qn ♡|Ace, 10, 6, 5, 3, 2 ♡
10, 4 ♣|Qn, 9, 8, 6, 5 ♣|Kg, Knv, 3 ♣
Kg, 9, 7, 6 ♢|10, 8, 3 ♢|4 ♢
HAND XXXI.
_See_ Declining to draw the losing trump, pp. 144, 145.
[Illustration: A'S HAND.
Qn, Knv, 9, 6, 3 ♠
Qn, 7, 5 ♡
A ♣
Qn, Knv, 9, 8 ♢]
Score: AB, love; YZ, three.
Ace of diamonds turned up.
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 1
1. Y B Z A↷
7♠ 10♠ A♠ 6♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 2
2. Y B Z↷ A
A♡ 6♡ 10♡ 5♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 3
3. Y↷ B Z A
4♢ 2♢ A♢ 8♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 4
4. Y B Z↷ A
Kg♢ 10♢ 5♢ Knv♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 4
5. Y↷ B Z A
9♡ 8♡ 3♡ Qn♡]
REMARK.--It is evident that Z's lead was from king, knave, ten, &c.,
and that B has no more hearts. Y returning the nine, and the two not
falling, must have the two single, and the other hearts are with Z.
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 4
6. Y B Z A↷
6♢ 2♠ 3♢ 9♢]
REMARK.--The case now arises contemplated at p. 145. A has the best
trump and the lead; Y the losing trump. Y also has one card of his
partner's established suit (_see_ Remark, Trick 5). A therefore (Trick
7) does not draw the trump.
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 5
7. Y B Z A↷
Kg♠ 5♠ 4♠ Qn♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 6
8. Y↷ B Z A
2♡ 3♣ Knv♡ 7♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 6
9. Y B Z↷ A
2♣ 8♠ Kg♡ Qn♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 7
10. Y B Z A↷
7♢ 6♣ 4♡ Knv♠]
TRICKS 11 to 13.--Y has nothing but clubs to lead. A wins the three
tricks; and
YZ win the odd trick.
If, at Trick 7, A draws the trump, YZ win two by cards.
THE HANDS.
(A's hand is given above.)
Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Kg, 7 ♠|10, 8, 5, 2 ♠|Ace, 4 ♠
Ace, 9, 2 ♡|8, 6 ♡|Kg, Knv, 10, 4, 3 ♡
Kg, Qn, 4, 2 ♣|Knv, 9, 8, 6, 3 ♣|10, 7, 5 ♣
Kg, 7, 6, 4 ♢|10, 2 ♢|Ace, 5, 3 ♢
HAND XXXII.
_See_ Throwing high cards to place the lead, pp. 147-149.
[Illustration: A'S HAND.
Knv, 9, 7, 3 ♠
Qn, 6, 5 ♡
8, 7, 6, 4 ♣
Kg, 4 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Five of clubs turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 1
1. Y B Z A↷
5♠ 4♠ 2♠ 3♠]
REMARK.--B has no more spades.
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 2
2. Y↷ B Z A
Qn♣ 3♣ 5♣ 4♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 3
3. Y↷ B Z A
Knv♣ Kg♣ A♣ 6♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 4
4. Y B Z↷ A
10♣ 2♡ 2♣ 7♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 4
5. Y↷ B Z A
7♡ 3♡ 8♡ Qn♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 4
6. Y B Z A↷
Kg♡ A♡ 5♢ 6♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 5
7. Y B↷ Z A
10♡ Knv♡ 9♣ 5♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 6
8. Y B Z↷ A
6♢ 2♢ A♢ Kg♢]
REMARK (Trick 8).--Well played by A. He sees that if he obtains the
lead on the second round of diamonds he must continue the spade suit,
a course demonstrably fatal to him, unless his partner has the queen
of diamonds together with the long hearts (_see_ fall of hearts, Trick
7). By throwing the king to the ace A avoids the lead, and saves the
game if his partner has either queen or knave of diamonds (as may be
seen by placing the cards), unless the adversaries continue the spade
suit, when the game cannot be saved, by any course of play. This clever
_coup_ occurred in actual play.
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 6
9. Y B Z↷ A
9♢ Qn♢ Knv♢ 4♢]
TRICKS 10 to 13.--B brings in the hearts, winning two more tricks; A
makes his trump; and
YZ score the odd trick and two by honours.
THE HANDS.
(A's hand is given above.)
Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Kg, 10, 8, 6, 5 ♠|4 ♠|Ace, Qn, 2 ♠
Kg, 10, 7 ♡|Ace, Knv, 9, 4, 3, 2 ♡|8 ♡
Qn, Knv, 10 ♣|Kg, 3 ♣|Ace, 9, 5, 2 ♣
9, 6 ♢|Qn, 8, 3, 2 ♢|Ace, Knv, 10, 7, 5 ♢
At Trick 2, B does not cover (_see_ p. 88).
HAND XXXIII.
_See_ Throwing high cards to place the lead, pp. 147-149
[Illustration: A'S HAND.
A, 4, 2 ♠
A, Qn ♡
8, 3, 2 ♣
Kg, Qn, 7, 6, 4 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Nine of clubs turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 1
1. Y B Z A↷
A♢ 8♢ 3♢ Kg♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 1
2. Y↷ B Z A
Knv♠ 3♠ 5♠ A♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 1
3. Y B Z A↷
5♢ 9♢ 2♢ Qn♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 2
4. Y B Z A↷
10♢ 4♣ 7♣ 4♢]
REMARK.--Y has the knave of diamonds.
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 3
5. Y B Z↷ A
Kg♣ Qn♣ 6♣ 2♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 4
6. Y↷ B Z A
10♣ 2♡ Knv♣ 3♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 5
7. Y B Z↷ A
5♣ 3♡ 9♣ 8♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 6
8. Y B Z↷ A
7♠ 6♠ Qn♠ 2♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 7
9. Y B Z↷ A
8♠ 9♠ Kg♠ 4♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 7
10. Y B Z↷ A
4♡ 5♡ 10♡ A♡]
REMARK (Trick 10).--A plays very well in putting on the ace. He wants
two more tricks besides his ace of hearts to save the game. The last
trump and best diamond are against him. It is clear, therefore, if A
has the lead after the second round of hearts (when he must lead a
diamond), he loses the game. It is also clear that unless B has king,
knave, and a small heart, the game is gone.
[Illustration: TRICK 11.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 7
11. Y B Z A↷
6♡ Kg♡ 8♡ Qn♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 12.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 7
12. Y B↷ Z A
7♡ Knv♡ 9♡ 6♢]
YZ score two by cards and two by honours.
THE HANDS.
(A's hand is given above.)
Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Knv, 8, 7 ♠|10, 9, 6, 3 ♠|Kg, Qn, 5 ♠
7, 6, 4 ♡|Kg, Knv, 5, 3, 2 ♡|10, 9, 8 ♡
Kg, 10, 5 ♣|Qn, 4 ♣|Ace, Knv, 9, 7, 6 ♣
Ace, Knv, 10, 5 ♢|9, 8 ♢|3, 2 ♢
At Trick 2, Y is in difficulties. His strong suit has been led by his
right-hand adversary. Under these circumstances, he leads from his
strongest weak suit.
At Trick 6, Y's play in continuing the trump is open to criticism. His
better lead seems to be knave of diamonds. Z wins his partner's ten of
trumps in order to draw all the trumps. It is very bad play, for if Z
passes the ten, and Y leads the knave of diamonds, the game is certain.
This is an example of the very common error of winning partner's trick.
It should seldom be done, and only if a positive advantage can be
well-nigh demonstrated from doing it.
At Trick 11, the advantage of winning partner's trick--when judiciously
done--is shown. B, seeing A's anxiety to get rid of the lead, rightly
conjectures that A has two more diamonds. He therefore takes the only
course to save the game, by winning his partner's queen of hearts.
[Illustration]
HAND XXXIV.
Echo of the Call (_see_ p. 128).
[Illustration: Z'S HAND.
9, 7, 6, 2 ♠
9, 8, 5, 3 ♡
7, 6, 5, 4, 2 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Eight of hearts turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. A↷ Y B Z
A♠ 10♠ 4♠ 2♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 0
2. A↷ Y B Z
Qn♠ 3♠ 5♠ 7♠]
REMARK (Trick 2).--Y has called for trumps. Z, having four trumps
himself, commences to echo his partner's call.
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 1
3. A↷ Y B Z
8♠ 7♡ Kg♠ 6♠]
REMARK.--Z completes the echo of the call.
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 1
4. A Y↷ B Z
A♡ 10♡ 4♡ 5♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 2
5. A↷ Y B Z
Knv♠ Knv♡ 6♣ 9♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 3
6. A Y↷ B Z
2♡ Kg♡ 6♡ 3♡]
REMARK (Trick 6).--Z having echoed, Y has no hesitation in leading
trumps again after being forced a second time.
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 4
7. A Y↷ B Z
8♢ Kg♢ Knv♢ 2♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 5
8. A Y↷ B Z
9♢ A♢ 7♣ 4♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 5
9. A Y↷ B Z
10♢ 3♢ 8♣ 5♢]
TRICKS 10 to 13.--A (Trick 10) leads queen of diamonds, which analysis
shows is rather better than a club, though, as the cards happen to lie,
his lead is immaterial. Y trumps the diamond, and
YZ score three by cards and two by honours.
* * * * *
But for the echo, the game might have been missed. If after being
forced a second time, at Trick 5, Y deems it prudent not to continue
trumps, and leads two rounds of diamonds, B makes a small trump, and
the game is saved.
THE HANDS.
(Z's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND.
Ace, Qn, Knv, 8 ♠|10, 3 ♠|Kg, 5, 4 ♠
Ace, 2 ♡|Kg, Qn, Knv, 10, 7 ♡|6, 4 ♡
Knv, 4, 3 ♣|10, 5, 2 ♣|A, Kg, Qn, 9, 8, 7, 6 ♣
Qn, 10, 9, 8 ♢|Ace, Kg, 3 ♢|Knv ♢
[Illustration]
HAND XXXV.
Leading losing trump, to place the lead.
[Illustration: Y'S HAND.
Knv, 10, 9, 8 ♠
Knv, 9, 7, 6, 3, 2 ♡
Knv ♣
Kg, 2 ♢
Score: Love-all.
King of hearts turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. B Z A↷ Y
3♢ 6♢ A♢ 2♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 1
2. B Z A↷ Y
4♢ 7♢ Knv♢ Kg♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 1
3. B Z A Y↷
A♡ 5♡ 10♡ 6♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 2
4. B↷ Z A Y
10♢ 4♡ 5♢ Knv♣]
REMARKS (Tricks 3 and 4).--Y leads fourth-best; Z echoes; but as the
cards lie, it so happens that the position of the hearts would be
independently marked after Trick 5.
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 3
5. B Z↷ A Y
2♠ Kg♡ Qn♡ 2♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 4
6. B Z↷ A Y
3♣ A♣ 2♣ 8♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 5
7. B Z↷ A Y
5♣ Kg♣ 4♣ 9♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 6
8. B Z↷ A Y
9♣ 6♣ 10♣ 3♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 7
9. B Z A Y↷
3♠ A♠ Qn♠ Knv♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 8
10. B Z↷ A Y
4♠ 7♣ Qn♣ 9♡]
REMARK (Trick 10).--Well played by Y. He can count his partner's hand,
viz., the eight of trumps (_see_ Remark, Trick 4, and the fall of the
hearts, Tricks 3, 4, and 5), the last club, and a losing spade, as
Z having put on the ace of spades (Trick 9), cannot have the king.
Y therefore trumps with the nine, and (Trick 11) leads the seven of
hearts to put the lead in Z's hand. Z (Trick 12) leads the club, to
which Y discards the ten of spades; and
YZ win five by cards.
THE HANDS.
(Y's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Qn ♠|Kg, 7, 5, 4, 3, 2 ♠|Ace, 6 ♠
Qn, 10 ♡|Ace ♡|Kg, 8, 5, 4 ♡
Qn, 10, 4, 2 ♣|9, 5, 3 ♣|Ace, Kg, 8, 7, 6 ♣
A, Qn, Knv, 9, 8, 5 ♢|10, 4, 3 ♢|7, 6 ♢
At Trick 4, B should have led a spade. A having shown at least five
diamonds by leading ace, then knave (_see_ p. 66), the diamond is sure
to be trumped, and it may force the weak trump hand, or may allow one
adversary to discard and the other to trump.
HAND XXXVI.
Echo after a force (_see_ p. 129).
[Illustration: B'S HAND.
A, Qn, 9, 6, 4 ♠
Knv, 7 ♡
8, 6 ♣
A, Qn, 4, 3 ♢
Score: AB, three; YZ, four.
Two of spades turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 1
1. Z A↷ Y B
Kg♡ 6♡ 2♡ Knv♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 2
2. Z↷ A Y B
Kg♣ 3♣ 2♣ 8♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 2
3. Z↷ A Y B
Qn♣ 3♠ 4♣ 6♣]
REMARK.--B has called.
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 3
4. Z A↷ Y B
Kg♠ 8♠ 10♠ Qn♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 4
5. Z↷ A Y B
9♡ 10♡ A♡ 8♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 5
6. Z A Y↷ B
Kg♢ 5♢ 6♢ 3♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 5
7. Z↷ A Y B
7♢ 2♢ 10♢ Qn♢]
REMARK.--A has echoed. He therefore had at least four trumps originally.
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 5
8. Z A Y B↷
2♠ 5♠ Knv♠ A♠]
REMARK.--The remaining trump is in A's hand. But for the echo, it might
be in Z's hand.
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 5
9. Z A Y B↷
5♣ 9♢ 8♢ A♢]
REMARK (Trick 9).--B can now lead ace of diamonds, without fear of its
being trumped (_see_ Remark, Trick 8). If the position of the other
trump were uncertain, the lead of the ace of diamonds would be wrong.
For, by leading nine of trumps, B can make certain of saving the
game (_see_ score); whereas, if Z has a trump, and trumps the ace of
diamonds, B loses the game, as Y will then make a diamond.
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 5
10. Z A Y B↷
3♡ 7♠ Knv♢ 4♢]
* * * * *
TRICKS 11 to 13.--B makes his three trumps, and
AB win the game.
THE HANDS.
(B's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
8, 7, 5, 3 ♠|Knv, 10 ♠|Kg, 2 ♠
Qn, 10, 7, 6, 5 ♡|Ace, 4, 2 ♡|Kg, 9, 3 ♡
3 ♣|Knv, 9, 4, 2 ♣|A, Kg, Qn, 10, 7, 5 ♣
9, 5, 2 ♢|Knv, 10, 8, 6 ♢|Kg, 7 ♢
[Illustration]
HAND XXXVII.
Coup of compelling a discard, same in principle as the Vienna Coup.
[Illustration: Y'S HAND.
7, 3 ♠
6, 5 ♡
A, Knv, 5, 3, 2 ♣
A, Kg, Qn, 8 ♢
Score: Love-all.
King of clubs turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. B Z A↷ Y
Kg♡ 3♡ 8♡ 6♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 0
2. B↷ Z A Y
A♡ 4♡ 2♡ 5♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 1
3. B↷ Z A Y
5♢ 2♢ 9♢ Qn♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 2
4. B Z A Y↷
9♣ Kg♣ 6♣ 3♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 2
5. B Z↷ A Y
Qn♣ 7♣ 8♣ Knv♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 3
6. B↷ Z A Y
Kg♠ A♠ 4♠ 3♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 4
7. B Z↷ A Y
3♢ 4♣ 10♣ A♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 5
8. B Z A Y↷
4♢ Knv♢ 9♡ Kg♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 6
9. B Z A Y↷
6♢ 5♠ 10♡ 5♣]
REMARK (Trick 9).--Well played by Y. He can count B's hand as follows:
ten and two small diamonds; queen of spades (_see_ Trick 6--the lead of
the king could only be from king, queen); and one other card, probably
a small spade, for had B another heart he would most likely have
continued his partner's original lead, instead of changing the suit. Y
now leads a trump in hopes that B will discard the small spade, when Y
will lead the seven of spades to throw the lead into B's hand, and B
will be obliged to lead a diamond up to Y's tenace.
B, however, discards a diamond. Y continues his tactics (_see_ Trick
10), leading another trump. This compels another discard from B. If
B discards the small spade, Y leads the losing spade; if B discards
another diamond, Y establishes the diamonds, and in either case wins
the game. This fine _coup_ occurred in actual play.
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 7
10. B Z A Y↷
2♠ 6♠ 8♠ 2♣]
* * * * *
TRICKS 11 to 13.--Y (Trick 11) leads the spade. B is obliged (Trick 12)
to lead a diamond; and
YZ score three by cards and two by honours.
THE HANDS.
(Y's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Knv, 9, 8, 4 ♠|Kg, Qn, 2 ♠|Ace, 10, 6, 5 ♠
Qn, 10, 9, 8, 2 ♡|Ace, Kg ♡|Knv, 7, 4, 3 ♡
10, 8, 6 ♣|Qn, 9 ♣|Kg, 7, 4 ♣
9 ♢|10, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 ♢|Knv, 2 ♢
At Trick 10, B should notice that he must lose the game if he retains
the queen of spades. His only chance of saving the game here is to
discard the queen of spades, in hopes of finding his partner with two
tricks in spades, or with a trick in spades and hearts. If A has not
these cards, the game is lost.
[Illustration]
HAND XXXVIII.
Grand Coup (_see_ pp. 151-155).
[Illustration: B'S HAND.
A, Kg ♠
6 ♡
Qn, Knv, 7, 6, 5, 4 ♣
Kg, 5, 4, 3 ♢
Score: Love-all.
Ace of clubs turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 0
1. Z A↷ Y B
4♡ Kg♡ 3♡ 6♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 0
2. Z A↷ Y B
7♡ Qn♡ 5♡ 4♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 1
3. Z A↷ Y B
10♣ A♡ 8♡ 3♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 2
4. Z↷ A Y B
2♢ 6♢ A♢ 5♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 3
5. Z A Y↷ B
A♣ 2♡ Knv♡ 6♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 3
6. Z↷ A Y B
Qn♢ 10♢ 9♢ Kg♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 3
7. Z A Y B↷
7♢ Kg♣ 2♣ Qn♣]
REMARK.--The fall of the king shows that the remaining clubs are in Y's
hand.
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 3
8. Z A↷ Y B
8♢ 10♡ 9♡ 4♣]
REMARK.--Well played by B. All the hearts are out; the remaining
diamonds are in Z's hand (_see_ fall of the diamonds, Tricks, 2, 3,
4, 6, and 7), and all the clubs are in Y's hand. Y must therefore have
three trumps and two spades. If B discards a spade to this trick, he
cannot avoid leading trumps twice up to Y. In that case Y will make two
tricks in trumps, saving the game, as will be apparent by so playing
the cards. The result is otherwise if B trumps his partner's best
heart. He can then lead out ace and king of spades, to which Y must
follow suit; and by continuing with the five of clubs (the nine, eight,
and three are in against him), B secures the tenace, and wins the game.
* * * * *
TRICKS 9 to 13.--B (Tricks 9 and 10) leads spades, and (Trick 11) the
six of clubs. B makes the last two tricks, and
AB score three by cards and two by honours.
THE HANDS.
(B's hand is given above.)
A'S HAND. | Y'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
9, 5, 4, 3, 2 ♠|Qn, 6 ♠|Knv, 10, 8, 7 ♠
Ace, Kg, Qn, 10, 2 ♡|Knv, 9, 8, 5, 3 ♡|7, 4 ♡
Kg ♣|9, 8, 3, 2 ♣|Ace, 10 ♣
10, 6 ♢|Ace, 9 ♢|Qn, Knv, 8, 7, 2 ♢
At Trick 4, Z leads his lowest diamond, though holding five, because
strength in trumps is declared against. (_See_ Appendix A).
HAND XXXIX.
Grand Coup (_see_ pp. 151-155).
[Illustration: A'S HAND.
6, 4, 3 ♠
A, 8 ♡
Knv, 10, 7, 6, 2 ♣
6, 4, 2 ♢
Score: Four-all.
Knave of diamonds turned up.]
THE PLAY.
[Illustration: TRICK 1.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 1
1. Y B Z A↷
3♣ Kg♣ A♣ 6♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 2.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 2
2. Y B Z↷ A
2♠ 7♠ A♠ 3♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 3.
TRICKS {AB, 0 YZ, 3
3. Y B Z↷ A
Kg♠ 5♠ 10♠ 4♠]
REMARK.--B has called.
[Illustration: TRICK 4.
TRICKS {AB, 1 YZ, 3
4. Y↷ B Z A
Qn♡ 9♡ 2♡ A♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 5.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 3
5. Y B Z A↷
5♢ Qn♢ Knv♢ 6♢]
REMARK.--B has three of trumps.
[Illustration: TRICK 6.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 4
6. Y B↷ Z A
4♣ 9♣ Qn♣ 2♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 7.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 5
7. Y B Z↷ A
9♠ 8♠ Qn♠ 6♠]
[Illustration: TRICK 8.
TRICKS {AB, 2 YZ, 6
8. Y B Z↷ A
10♡ 4♡ Kg♡ 8♡]
[Illustration: TRICK 9.
TRICKS {AB, 3 YZ, 6
9. Y B Z↷ A
Knv♡ 3♢ 3♡ 4♢]
REMARK.--A plays a masterly _coup_ in trumping with the four. He argues
that B, having a weak hand, would not call for trumps with less than
five trumps, two honours. If so, B has a trump too many, and Y must
make a trick in trumps, unless B can play the _Grand Coup_ with the
three of trumps (_see_ Remark, Trick 5).
B undertrumps his partner, the _Grand coup_.
[Illustration: TRICK 10.
TRICKS {AB, 4 YZ, 6
10. Y B Z A↷
7♢ 8♢ 5♡ 2♢]
[Illustration: TRICK 11.
TRICKS {AB, 5 YZ, 6
11. Y B↷ Z A
8♣ 5♣ 6♡ 10♣]
[Illustration: TRICK 12.
TRICKS {AB, 6 YZ, 6
12. Y B Z A↷
9♢ 10♢ Knv♠ Knv♣]
and AB win the odd trick.
THE HANDS.
(A's hand is given above.)
Y'S HAND. | B'S HAND. | Z'S HAND.
Kg, 9, 2 ♠|8, 7, 5 ♠|Ace, Qn, Knv, 10 ♠
Qn, Knv, 10 ♡|9, 4 ♡|Kg, 7, 6, 5, 3, 2 ♡
8, 4, 3 ♣|Kg, 9, 5 ♣|Ace, Qn ♣
Kg, 9, 7, 5 ♢|Ace, Qn, 10, 8, 3 ♢|Knv ♢
At Trick 5 B can place all the remaining trumps; hence he undertrumps
his partner at Trick 10. Though his play is very good, A's _coup_
in trumping with the four, so as to render B's _coup_ possible, is
entitled to the palm. Hence, A's hand heads the example.
At Trick 9, Z ought to lead knave of spades, on which Y should discard
eight of clubs, when YZ win the game.
[Illustration]
APPENDIX A.
AMERICAN LEADS.
Since the appearance of the previous Edition of this work, American
Leads have been the subject of much discussion.
American Leads propose a systematic course of play when opening and
continuing the lead from the strong suit, as follows:--
LOW CARD LED.
_When you open a strong suit with a_ LOW CARD _lead your_ FOURTH-BEST.
When a four-card suit is opened with a low card, the _lowest_ is
the card selected. Instead of calling this the lowest, call it the
_fourth-best_.
When a five-card suit is opened with a low card, the _penultimate_
card is selected. Instead of calling this the penultimate, call it the
_fourth-best_.
When a six-card suit is opened with a low card, lead the
_ante-penultimate_. Instead of calling this the _ante-penultimate_,
call it the _fourth-best_.
And so on for suits of more than six cards. Every suit of four or more
cards, opened with a low card, is to be treated, on the first lead, as
though there were no cards below the fourth-best in the leader's hand.
Example:--
|Lead|
From Qn, 10, 8, | 7, |
" Qn, 10, 8, | 7, | 6
" Qn, 10, 8, | 7, | 6, 4
" Qn, 10, 8, | 7, | &c., &c., &c.
By following this method, you show your partner, as regards a
strong suit which you open with a low card, that you _invariably_
hold _exactly three_ cards higher than the one first led; and not
infrequently what those cards are.
HIGH CARD LED FOLLOWED BY LOW CARD.
_When you open a strong suit with a_ HIGH CARD, _and next lead a_ LOW
CARD, _lead your_ ORIGINAL FOURTH-BEST.
When ace is led from ace and four or more small cards, after leading
the ace, lead the original fourth-best, _i.e._, the card you would have
led if opening with a small card. Thus, in trumps, with ace, knave,
nine, eight, seven, an advanced player would begin the eight. In plain
suits, the ace would be first led. The second lead of an American
Leader would be the eight, the original fourth-best, and not the seven.
By following this method, you inform your partner that you _invariably_
remain with _exactly two_ cards higher than the second card led, as
shown by the following tabulated example:--
Lead| |Then|
From Ace,| Knv, 9,| 8, | 7
" Ace,| Knv, 9,| 8, | 7, 5
" Ace,| Knv, 9,| 8, | 7, 5, 3
" Ace,| Knv, 9,| 8, | &c., &c., &c.
By leading in this way you not infrequently tell your partner what your
remaining high cards are. Thus, with the above combination, if king,
queen come out on the second round, and your partner holds the ten, he
knows to a certainty that you command the suit, a fact about which he
would have been in doubt had you continued with the lowest.
The same rule, when a high card is followed by a low card, applies
to king led from king, queen, and small ones, when the king wins the
trick; and to ten, led from king, knave, ten and one or more small
ones, when the ten wins the trick. These are all the possible cases.
With king, knave, ten, nine, if the nine wins the first trick, the
leader goes on with a high card.
HIGH CARD LED FOLLOWED BY HIGH CARD.
_When you remain with_ TWO HIGH INDIFFERENT CARDS, _lead the_ HIGHER
_if you opened a_ SUIT OF FOUR; THE LOWER _if you opened a_ SUIT OF
FIVE _or more_. (_See_ Analysis of Leads in Detail, p. 64).
The typical example is the combination of ace, queen, knave, and one or
more small cards. With four in suit, ace, then queen is led. But with
more than four in suit, the knave is led after the ace, because then,
if your partner remains with king and one small card, you are strong
enough to invite him to win your trick in order to unblock your long
suit.
In the same way, if queen is led from queen, knave, ten and small,
you proceed with the knave, holding only ten and one small. But, with
knave, ten and more than one small, you continue with the ten, the
lower of two indifferent high cards, to induce your partner to win it,
and so to unblock your suit, should he remain with ace and one small
one, or with king and one small one.
Consequently, if your partner is an American Leader, and on the second
round of your suit, you lead the higher of two high indifferent cards,
he will count your strong suit to have consisted of _four cards_
exactly. On the other hand, when on the second round, you lead the
lower of two high indifferent cards, he will count _at least three_
of your strong suit still in your hand. As it is advantageous to your
partner to be able to count your hand in this way, whether he has
blocking cards or not, you should always pursue the same system. Thus:
you lead ten, from king, knave, ten, &c. The ten forces the queen. You
obtain the lead again. Your king, knave are now high indifferent cards.
If you lead the king, your partner knows you remain with knave and at
most one small card of the suit. If you lead the knave, your partner
knows you remain with king and at least two small ones.
Or, you lead knave, from king, queen, knave, and two or more small
ones. On leading the suit again, if you continue with king, your
partner counts queen, and exactly two small ones in your hand. If you
continue with queen, your partner counts king and more than two small
ones in your hand (_see_ p. 68).
Before deciding which of two or more high cards to lead, be sure
whether they are _indifferent_ cards. This information you can obtain
by consulting the Analysis of Leads (p. 64). When, in the Analysis, the
second lead is given without any qualification, the high cards are not
indifferent.
Three objections are urged against American Leads by players who oppose
their adoption. The first is,
_That they complicate the game._
Even were this stricture true, it is no objection to an intellectual
game that it exercises the minds of the players. But it has hardly any
foundation in fact. All an American Leader asks his partner to observe
is:--
That, when he originally leads a low card he holds three of the suit
higher than the card led.
That, when he originally leads a high card and next a low one, he still
holds two cards higher than the second card led. And,
That, when he originally leads a high card, and follows it with a high
card, he indicates, in many cases, to any one who knows the Analysis of
Leads (as every whist player ought), whether his strong suit consisted
of four or of more than four cards.
The second objection is,
_That they seldom affect the result._
The answer is that American Leads add little which is new to the game.
They only consolidate the received practice, and extend a law of
uniformity to cases not previously provided for.
The third objection is,
_That the information afforded may be of more use to the opponents than
to the leader's partner._
No doubt it may. But, under other whist conditions, experience tells
us that it is advantageous, in the long run, to convey information of
strength, notwithstanding its publication to the whole table. It is in
the highest degree improbable that a player will be at a disadvantage
by imparting too much information.
It should be borne in mind that American Leads, in their integrity,
assume not merely _an_ original lead, but _the_ original lead of the
hand,--the very first lead of all. When a player obtains the lead,
for the first time, after one or more tricks have been played, he may
open his strong suit in the same way as though he were _the_ original
leader. On the other hand, he may deem it advisable to open a weak
suit; or to lead through a strong one, or up to a weak one; or, if
great strength in trumps has been declared against him, may wish to
conceal the fact that his best suit is only a very long one of small
cards (_see_ Hand IX, Tricks 6 and 7); or, if late in the hand, he may
conclude that the time for precise exhibition of strength is past and
gone (_see_ Hand XIII, Tricks 8 and 9, and Hand XXIV, Tricks 5 and 6).
These, however, are matters of judgment, for which no hard and fast
rule can be laid down.
[For demonstrations of the working of American Leads, and for
Illustrative Hands, _see_ "Whist Developments," by "Cavendish."
London: THOS. DE LA RUE and Co.]
APPENDIX B.
THE PLAIN-SUIT ECHO.
All whist players are aware that it is advisable to get rid of the
command of their partner's long suit. But no general rules have been
laid down to further this end. It has been left, for the most part, to
the ingenuity of the individual to decide for himself, on the spur of
the moment, how and when unblocking should be attempted.
Assuming an original lead of a high card from a plain suit of four or
more cards, the third hand may think fit to win his partner's trick in
order to free the suit. With regard to knave led, the play of the third
hand, holding ace, &c., is well known. And there are other cases, such
as the play of the third hand, holding ace, knave only, when king is
led originally; but these are too elementary for discussion here.
If the third hand does not endeavour to win the first trick in his
partner's suit, he is instructed to play his lowest card. This is, no
doubt, sound, except where the third hand holds four cards exactly of
his partner's suit, and he may block it should the lead have been from
more than four cards. Then he should sometimes retain in his hand the
lowest of his four cards, and play the next higher one. It is the
object of the Plain-Suit Echo to determine the cases, in which this
play is advisable.
The typical example is that of ace led originally by a strong suit
player. The second hand follows suit. The third hand holds king, queen,
knave, deuce of the suit. The lead was from at least five cards. If the
third hand is not to block his partner's suit, he must play the knave
to the ace. If the fourth hand follows suit, it is impossible to lose
by playing as above proposed; and, even if the fourth hand renounces,
it is only possible to lose when the lead was from five cards exactly,
and the four cards accompanying the ace are all very small ones.
Again:--The original leader (a strong suit player), leads queen of a
plain suit.
The third hand holds nine, eight, seven and a very small one. He may
block the suit by playing the very small one; if the lead was from
queen, knave, ten, he cannot possibly lose by playing the seven to the
queen; and, if the lead was from more than four cards he may gain.
It would occupy too much space to detail all the cases in which it is
advisable to follow the plan set forth in the examples, and to enter
into all the possible consequences that may ensue.
[For a full examination of the working of the Plain-Suit Echo, and
for Illustrative Hands, the advanced player is referred to "Whist
Developments," by "Cavendish." London: THOS. DE LA RUE and Co.]
APPENDIX C.
ON THE ORIGINAL LEAD OF KING.
The Analysis of Leads, undertaken in order to ascertain the cases in
which the third hand should unblock his partner's suit, showed that
king led originally conveys less information to partner than the
lead of any other high card. It is the only case in which the lead
of a high card is made without at least five in suit, or without the
accompaniment of at least two other high cards.
Hence the student was told[48] that when a king is led originally,
he must not attempt to unblock the suit on the first round; and this
recommendation is quite sound.
It seemed strange that when ace, queen, knave, or ten is led
originally, the third hand, with four exactly in suit, should retain
his lowest card for two rounds; but that, when king is led, he should
abandon these tactics. The conclusion forced on the Author was, that
king should never be led originally, when the leader desires to invite
his partner to unblock.
The cases where the leader desires his partner to unblock, are those in
which the original lead is from more than four cards, the third hand
at the same time holding four of the suit exactly, as explained in
Appendix B, p. 287.
Therefore, the argument on the previous pages being admitted, king
should never be led originally from a suit of more than four cards;
and it almost follows that king should always be led from a suit of
four cards exactly, which contains an ace, king, or a king, queen
combination.
_Ace, king, queen, knave, and one or more small._
Lead knave, in all suits.
Holding more than two small, follow knave with queen; holding two
small, follow knave with king; holding one small, follow knave with ace.
_Ace, king, queen, knave, only._
Lead king, then knave, in all suits.
Ace, queen, exactly, are marked in the leader's hand.
_Ace, king, queen, and more than one small._
Lead queen, in all suits.
Holding more than two small, follow queen with king; holding two small,
follow queen with ace.
_Ace, king, queen, and one small._
Lead king, then queen, in all suits.
Ace and at most one small, are marked.
_Ace, king, and more than two small._
Lead ace, then king, in plain suits.
In trumps the same, holding seven trumps; with less than seven trumps,
lead fourth best.
_Ace, king, and two small._
Lead king in plain suits; the smallest in trumps.
_King, queen, knave, ten, and small (including the nine)._
Lead ten in all suits.
(_a_). If ten wins the trick:--
Holding more than two small, follow ten with knave; holding two small,
follow ten with queen; holding one small, follow ten with king.
(_b_). If ten forces ace:--
Holding more than one small, follow ten with knave; holding one small,
follow ten with queen.
In case _b_, ten cannot be followed with king, as then partner would be
doubtful as to the position of the queen.
_King, queen, knave, ten, only._
Lead king, then ten, in all suits.
Queen, knave, exactly, are marked in the leader's hand.
Here the leader runs the risk, in plain suits, of being blocked if his
partner holds ace, and one small one, originally. There is a conflict
of advantages and disadvantages; in favour, the Author believes, of
the lead of king, if the suit contains only four cards (_compare_ p.
67, bearing in mind that, when that was written, the lead of any card
rather than a king, from suits of more than four cards, had not been
the subject of consideration).
_King, queen, knave, more than one small._
Lead knave, in all suits.
Holding more than two small, follow knave with queen; holding two
small, follow knave with king.
_King, queen, knave, one small._
Lead king, then knave, in all suits.
If king forces ace, or if partner holds ace, the leader, on the
appearance of the knave, is marked with queen and one small. If ace is
not forced, the presumption is that the leader remains with ace, queen,
exactly (_see_ lead from ace, king, queen, knave).
_King, queen, ten, and more than one small, in trumps._
Lead queen.
If queen wins the trick, follow with fourth best _remaining in hand_.
King is marked; so, exclude the king, and on second lead continue with
the fourth best of the small cards.
Sooner or later, the leader will be marked with at least five trumps
originally, including king, ten; or, if he has not the ten, with at
least seven trumps originally.
If queen forces ace, on the appearance of the king, the leader is
marked with at least five trumps originally (one being the ten); or, if
he has not the ten, with at least seven trumps originally.
_King, queen, ten, and one small, in trumps._
Lead king.
Sooner or later, the leader will be marked with exactly four trumps
originally, including queen, ten.
_King, queen, and more than two small._
Lead queen.
If queen wins the trick, follow with fourth best remaining in hand
(_compare_, lead from king, queen, ten, and more than one small, in
trumps).
If queen forces ace, on the appearance of the king, the leader is
marked with more than four originally.
In trumps, the same, holding seven trumps; with less than seven trumps,
lead fourth best.
_King, queen, two small._
Lead king, in plain suits.
On the appearance of the ace, the leader is marked with queen and at
most two small.
In trumps, lead lowest.
* * * * *
Granted that the third player will not trump an honour led originally
(and he will seldom lose by passing, even if weak in trumps), the
foregoing leads are clearly advantageous, as they enable the third
player to employ the unblocking system, and assist him in counting his
partner's hand.
* * * * *
The mode of leading, here set forth, has been tried by a number of good
players, and has been generally approved. It is, therefore, strongly
recommended to the consideration of advanced players, assuming
always that the leader's partner is himself an advanced player.
Notwithstanding the strong opinion in its favour entertained by the
Author, it is still retained in an Appendix, that it may be tested by
further trial before being positively asserted as a substantive part of
the game.
FOOTNOTES:
[48] "Whist Developments" by "Cavendish." London: THOS. DE LA RUE and
Co.
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TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES
Used a CLOCKWISE TOP SEMICIRCLE ARROW, ↷, to indicate the lead in
the hand illustration comments.
Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical
errors.
Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.
Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.