NOTE. An exampl of the 3d pers. pl. imper. is extant in this
conjugation only: =liugandau=, γαμησάτωσαν; I. Cor. VII, 9.
§ 193. Verbs of this class ar mostly intransitiv. Their number is
comparativly small. Exampls: =þahan=, _to be silent_; =þulan=, _to
suffer_; =liban=, _to liv_; =ana-silan=, _to be silent_; =fijan=,
_to hate_; =trauan=, _to trust_ (cp. § 26); =saúrgan=, _to sorrow_;
=liugan=, _to marry_.
NOTE. =hatan=, _to hate_, fluctuates between this and the 1st weak
conj. (=hatjan=); --=bauan=, _to dwel_, has the 3d pers. sg. prs.
indic. strong: =bauiþ=; cp. § 179, n. 2.
_5. FOURTH WEAK CONJUGATION_ (=-nan=).
§ 194. By means of the suff. =-no-= in the prt., =n= (=-na-=) in the
present, verbs ar formd in Gothic which denote an entering into a
state; therefore they hav an 'inchoativ' meaning. When they hav a
medial meaning, they often also render Greek medio-passiv verbs. These
verbs ar always intransitiv and never hav a purely passiv meaning.
Hense, for exampl, =andbindada= means _it is loost_ (by sum one), but
=andbundniþ=, _it becums loose, it loosens_. Nearly all of these verbs
ar derived from adjectivs or from the stem of the pp. passiv. Exampls:
(a) from strong verbs: =and-bundnan= (=bindan=), _to loosen_ (intr.);
=us-bruknan= (=brikan=), _to break off_ (intr.); =dis-kritnan=, _to
rend_ (intr.); =fra-lusnan= (=fra-liusan=), _to perish_; =ga-waknan=
(=wakan=), _to awaken_; =ga-skaidnan= (=skaidan=), _to becum parted, to
depart_; --(b) from adjectivs: =gahailnan= (=hails=), _to becum hole_;
=mikilnan= (=mikils=), _to becum great_; =weihnan= (=weihs=), _to becum
holy_; =gadauþnan=, _to becum ded, to die_.
NOTE 1. To substantivs belong =gafrisahtnan= (=frisahts=, _image_),
_to be formd_; =ga-gawaírþnan= (=ga-waírþi=), _to reconcile one's
self to_; the stem-vowel is irregular in: =us-geisnan=, _to becum
amazed_; =in-feinan=, _to be moved with compassion_.
NOTE 2. That the fundamental meaning of these verbs is inchoativ
has been shown by Egge, 'Inchoativ or =n=-verbs in Gothic'
(American Journal of Phil., 7, p. 38 et seq.). The corresponding
Norse verbs in =-na= ar inchoativ only.
§ 195. The inflection of these verbs is in the present identical with
that of the strong verbs. No medio-passiv nor a pp. can be formd.
Paradim: =fullnan= (=fulls=, _ful_; =fulljan=, _to fil_), _to becum
ful, fil_ (intr.).
(a) +Present.+