VIII
MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL HOUSES IN AMSTERDAM[3]
Footnote 3:
Reprinted from _Housing_, the official journal of the Ministry of
Health, July 19, 1920, by kind permission of the Controller, H.M.
Stationery Office.
The Municipality of Amsterdam has provided, either directly or through
Public Utility Societies, a large number of dwellings for its
working-class inhabitants. Up to the present time 4,000 families have
been housed in these municipal dwellings, 6,000 more dwellings are in
course of erection, and plans are laid for bringing the total number up
to 20,000 at no very distant date.
The housing policy of Amsterdam is comprehensive. The town has assumed
the duty not only of supplying houses to meet the general shortage, but
of providing houses for those for whom no one else is able or willing to
find accommodation, and especially for large families. It does not, like
most English local authorities, select its tenants, but accepts all,
even the worst class, if they are houseless citizens of Amsterdam.
In these circumstances the question of managing the municipal houses
becomes a very important one. Mr. Keppler, who has presided over the
Housing Department of Amsterdam for five years, came over to England to
see for himself the methods of managing working-class property
introduced by Miss Octavia Hill, and it was decided, as a result of his
experience, to appoint women managers to take charge of the municipal
houses and their tenants on the same lines. The first two women
appointed had been trained years earlier under Miss Hill in London.
There is now a staff of thirteen managers working under the Chief Woman
Manager.
It is the duty of the Chief Manager to receive applications from and to
interview would-be tenants, to inquire into their circumstances, and to
allot new or empty houses to those families whose need she considers
most acute. Great care is taken in assigning the new dwellings. Some
groups of houses are designed expressly for families with five or more
children and are reserved for them, while families with a member
suffering from tuberculosis are placed in dwellings which have a sunny
balcony or garden.
The managers collect the rents from the tenants in their homes; they
take a note of any repairs needed and inform the Repairs Department.
They instruct the women in the use of fittings and apparatus (all the
municipal houses are fitted with gas cookers and electric light) and
insist upon the tenancy regulations being observed. They co-operate with
a number of voluntary societies which help the tenants in various ways.
The majority of tenants are of an average working-class type, and each
manager looks after some two hundred to three hundred families. But
since no tenants are rejected for reasons of character, it follows that
there are among them families which are below the average and a few
which can be described only as bad; they do not pay their rent promptly,
they are destructive, or they are noisy, drunken and quarrelsome. When
families are considered by the managers to belong to this group they are
removed into one of the special areas set apart for them. They are
placed in temporary wooden one-story buildings, built in pairs with a
fair amount of space between. These special areas are in open situations
on the outskirts of the town. Here the families are under strict
supervision—a supervision, however, which has always in view the
education and improvement of the tenant. The manager who has charge of
one of these areas—on each of which are not more than twenty-five
families—resides on the spot, in a dwelling similar to those occupied by
the tenants; she reports weekly to the Chief Manager on the
circumstances and conduct of each family and does all in her power to
help and improve them.
The salary of the Chief Woman Manager rises from £350 to £550 a year.
Her assistants are placed in three groups, according to experience and
to the responsible nature of their duties. The salary of an apprentice
during her year’s training is £83; at the end of the year, if found
satisfactory, she receives £125, rising to £183; after this she may rise
gradually to £291. During the first twelve months an apprentice must
attend an evening course of training at the University School of Social
Work in Amsterdam, where she receives instruction in various branches of
social work, such as the relief of distress, social hygiene, club
management, housing and town planning.
The Director of Housing regards the work of the women managers as
extremely valuable from a social point of view, and he hopes to be able
to find competent women to take charge of all the houses which the
municipality are putting up. The salaries of the women managers are a
fairly heavy charge upon the revenue, but the municipality considers the
money well spent. They find that the tenants gradually improve, that
rents are paid promptly and that the property is kept in good order,
while good tenants appreciate the consideration shown to them and the
interest taken in their welfare.