Voyage from Repulse Bay to York Factory.
Having got every thing ready, the boat launched and loaded about 2
o'clock P.M. on the 12th of August, I was about to distribute our spare
kettles, some hoop iron, &c. among the Esquimaux, when the compass of
one of the boats was missing. Search was made, but no compass was to be
found. At last I thought of turning over some heather that lay close to
where my tent had been, and there discovered it. It had been concealed
by one of the Esquimaux women--a widow--to whom more presents had been
made than to any of the others.
Some of the most decent of the men appeared really sorry at parting, and
waded into the water to shake hands with me.
We got under weigh with a light air of wind from the N.E. at 25 minutes
past 2. Our progress was very slow, there being frequent calms, so that,
between pulling and sailing, we reached only to within five miles of
Cape Hope at 4 A.M. of the 13th. A large black whale and some white
ones, with innumerable seals, were seen. Thermometer at +65; but it
became much colder after the wind came from sea. During the night we
sailed among loose ice. As it was still calm we anchored at half-past 4
A.M. to wait for the other boat, which was some miles astern, to re-stow
the cargo and cook breakfast. Thermometer at 5 A.M. +48 deg.
At half-past 6 we began pulling along shore. An hour afterwards a light
breeze sprung up, but still ahead. The breeze becoming stronger, we
hoisted sail and turned to windward, and would have made good progress
had it kept steady; instead of which it followed or rather preceded the
sun in his course westward, and thus headed us at every point we
weathered. The flood-tide assisted us until 4 P.M., when we put ashore,
as the ebb was too strong for us. Shot a young Arctic hare. There is a
number of long narrow lakes near the point we stopped at, which is
formed of grey and red granite and gneiss, and is about five miles from
the S.E. point of Repulse Bay. Caught three species of marine insects
with fins, which they use like wings: preserved specimens of them. Every
appearance of rain this evening. Thermometer +65 deg. at 8 P.M.
14th. The wind shifted to the N.N.W. at half-past 9 last night, when we
immediately got under weigh and sailed cautiously along shore, examining
every bay and inlet when I supposed us near the northern outlet of
Wager River, but not a trace of it was to be seen. If it exists, I think
it not likely that it should have escaped our notice twice. The wind was
for a few hours variable and squally; but it now shifted to N.E. by N.
and blew hard. In crossing Wager River Bay, eight or ten miles from
shore, there was a very heavy cross sea, which washed over our gunwales
occasionally. On nearing the shore the run of the sea became more
regular; but the wind increased so as to make it necessary to reef
sails. The weather assuming a very threatening appearance, and the
navigation being intricate and dangerous, we were forced to seek a
harbour, which, after some difficulty, we found in a small bay at 8
P.M., having run from ninety to ninety-five miles, seventy-three of
which were measured by Massey's patent log. Two white bears and many
walruses were seen on a small island near Whale Island; but the weather
was too stormy to permit us to pursue them.
It had been my intention to cross over to Southampton Island and trace
that portion of the coast from Port Harding southward which had not yet
been surveyed; but a stream of ice and the state of the weather
prevented my doing so, nor did I think it an object of sufficient
importance to detain the expedition a day or two for that sole purpose.
Thermometer about +41 deg. all day.
The male eider and king ducks appeared to have left this coast already,
there being none but females seen. Our boat took the ground about half
ebb--a fine bottom of sand and mud.
15th.--It blew a complete gale all night and during the greater part of
this day. The sky, however, was sufficiently clear to allow me to obtain
a meridian observation for latitude and variation. The former was found
to be 64 deg. 49' 06" N.--the latter 41 deg. 27' W. Thermometer +46 deg.
The wind began to fall in the evening, and the tide having come in so as
to float the boats, we started at 4 P.M. under reefed sails. The sea was
still running high, but it was long and regular; and as there was every
appearance of fine weather, I determined to sail all night, keeping a
sharp look-out ahead for shoals, reefs, and islets. There was a heavy
swell all night which broke with great violence on the reefs; and it
being very dark, both boats were once or twice nearly filled by getting
into shallow water before we were aware of it.
16th.--At half-past 5 this morning we were opposite Cape Fullerton, and
at 6 Massey's log was examined, when it indicated a run of seventy-two
miles. At 9 A.M. it fell calm. Thermometer +43 deg. An hour afterwards
there was a light breeze from S.W., with which we turned to windward
among numerous rocky islands.
At noon the latitude, 63 deg. 56' 13" N., was observed, and shortly
afterwards two Esquimaux were seen coming off in their kayaks, paddling
at a great rate; but the breeze had now freshened, and it would have
given them hard work to overtake us had we not shortened sail, and
afterwards landed on an island, where we waited for them. Three more
joined us there. They were very dirty, and far inferior in every respect
to our friends of Repulse Bay. One of them was about five feet eight
inches high, had a formidable beard and moustache, and was better
looking than the others. After making them some presents we shoved off,
and stood across the bay to the westward of Cape Fullerton. This bay is
much deeper than it is laid down in the chart, and is crowded with
islands.
It was near high water when we reached the main shore, and as we could
make no progress against wind and tide, we put into a safe harbour.
Nothing was to be seen for a mile or two inland but rocks, clothed in
some spots with moss or grass. Deer were observed, and a young one shot
by Nibitabo.
About an hour after our landing the wind shifted to W.N.W., and, as I
was afraid of getting aground in our present berth, the boats were moved
to a more open situation from which they could start at any time of
tide.
The Esquimaux could tell us nothing about Churchill, none of them having
visited that place either this or the previous summer. Thermometer at 9
P.M. +53.
17th.--We were under weigh at 2 A.M., but the wind was both light and
close, so that our progress was slow. Before the tide changed it came
more from the southward; we were therefore obliged to anchor as soon as
it began to ebb. The latitude of our harbour was 63 deg. 47' 33" N. Var.
31 deg. 8' W. The rocks, like those where we landed last night, were grey
granite and gneiss. Thermometer at noon +60 deg. A large black whale was
seen this morning.
At half-past 1 P.M. the tide began to flow, and at two we were under
sail, the wind having gone round to the northward, so as to permit us to
lie our course along shore. A succession of reefs lines the coast, which
is itself very irregular in its outline, being indented with numberless
inlets, some of them running many miles inland.
The tide began to ebb at 8 P.M., and as the wind had fallen and headed
us, we ran in shore and cast anchor under the shelter of some rocks. It
was just getting dark when a fresh breeze of fair wind sprung up. This
was annoying enough. At 10 o'clock nine Esquimaux visited us, but staid
only a short time, as we were to stop near their tents in the morning.
Two of them said they would sleep on the rocks near us, with the
intention of pointing out the deepest channel when we should resume our
voyage.
18th.--We started at daylight this morning, but the fair wind, which had
continued all night, soon failed us. Aided by the flood-tide, however,
an hour's rowing brought us to the encampment of our last night's
visitors, who welcomed us with much noise, and soon brought to the beach
a number of furs and other articles for trade. They were very easy to
deal with, apparently putting implicit confidence in our honesty; nor
were they losers by this conduct. Ammunition was the article chiefly in
demand, as they had two guns among the party. Files, knives,
fire-steels, &c. were distributed among the men, and beads, needles,
buttons, &c. among the women. One of the women was rather good-looking,
but they were all much darker than the natives of Repulse Bay. They were
well provided with food, as they had a large seal lying on the rocks,
besides venison. It was still calm when we left them, but favoured by
the ebb-tide we pulled out of the inlet, and shaped our course towards
Chesterfield Inlet, which we crossed with the last of the flood. The day
was beautiful--far too much so--and the few light airs of wind were all
against us. We landed in a small cove on the south side of the inlet to
pick up a deer that was shot from the boat. Four more deer were killed,
but all in poor condition.
About two miles to the northward of the inlet I obtained a meridian
observation of the sun in the natural horizon, which gave latitude 63
deg. 32' 00" N. Thermometer at noon +65 deg., and in the evening +70 deg.
The musquitoes were very numerous and troublesome. Numbers of turnstones
(_Tringa interpres_) were seen.
19th.--There was a fine breeze again all last night, which died away at
daylight. As soon as the flood-tide began to come in, we started with a
light wind fair enough to allow us to lie our course along shore for a
few miles. It again fell calm, when we took to the oars and landed on a
point five miles to the southward of our last night's harbour, where we
breakfasted at 9 A.M.
Dovekies in countless numbers were sitting on the stones, and swimming
along the shore;[5] one or two pintailed and mallard ducks were seen on
a lake a few hundred yards inland--the first we have seen since passing
Nevill's Bay last year. Some dovekies' eggs were found with the birds
formed in them.
Having obtained a meridian observation of the sun, which gave for the
latitude 63 deg. 17' 00" N., and variation 9 deg. 21' W., we got under
weigh and beat to windward with the last of the ebb, which here ran to
the south. There was a fine breeze, but we made only about five miles
southing, when at 6 P.M. the flood setting in strong against us, we put
ashore for the night under the lee of the point. It was not easy to find
a harbour, all the coast from Chesterfield Inlet being flat and stony,
and lined with shoals. A young buck was shot, but it was in poor
condition. Thermometer at noon +63 deg.--at 8 P.M. +57 deg. Some of the
copper came off our boat to-day and stopped her way before it was observed.
20th.--We were under weigh this morning by daylight, but the wind was
right ahead and blowing fresh. Some more copper came off the boat, and
she was evidently out of trim, as the Magnet went fast to windward of
us. She had become leaky also, and therefore I determined to lay her
aground as soon as the tide turned.
We had gained between six and seven miles, when, finding that we made
but slow progress, I put on shore at the first place that offered
shelter, a little before noon. Several deer were seen, and a large buck
shot, which I was surprised to find very lean. At this season, near
Repulse Bay they are in fine condition. Thermometer at noon +61 deg. At
half-past 2 the wind changed to W.N.W., but it blew a gale before the
tide flowed sufficiently to float us. We could do nothing but haul out
into deeper water, to be ready by dawn next morning.
Some pintails, mallards, and Hutchins and laughing geese were seen here;
also a brood of well-grown young king-ducks in a small lake at some
distance from the sea, with which it had no connection.
Just as our boats floated, the wind became more moderate; and as we had
still an hour and a half of daylight, we sailed along the coast for 4-1/2
miles, being forced to keep some miles from shore to avoid shoals. Soon
after sunset we ran into a bay for shelter during the night. In doing so
we grazed some ridges of stones, but found good anchorage in four
fathoms water. Thermometer +47 deg.
21st.--Thermometer +44 deg. There was a strong breeze with heavy squalls
from the north all night. On starting at daylight and making for the
only outlet that appeared, we found it too shallow, and so were forced
to wait the flow of the tide. The wind was W. by N., but gradually
shifted round against us and became very light. We managed, however, to
reach an island near the north point of Rankin's Inlet.
Although there was a fine breeze, it being right ahead, nothing was to
be gained against the ebb tide.
We found many old signs of Esquimaux visits to the island. Among other
articles picked up were an ivory snow-knife, a drill for producing fire,
and an iron drill; also some vertebrae of a whale measuring ten inches in
diameter. There were numerous graves of Esquimaux here, with spears,
lances, &c. deposited beside them. Most of these articles were old and
much corroded with rust, but a very excellent seal-spear head had been
placed there this spring. Thermometer at noon +52 deg.; 8 P.M. +47 deg.
Temperature of water +41 deg.
22nd.--Thermometer +42 deg. At a little before 5 this morning the wind
shifted to S.S.E. We set out to cross Rankin's Inlet, although we could
not lie our course, and after five hours' sailing reached an island near
the south shore, where we landed, as the breeze had increased to a gale
and gone more to the southward, with a heavy sea, which washed over us
occasionally. We here picked up some specimens of copper ore, but the
ore did not appear to be abundant.
The aurora was very bright last night. It appeared first to the S.S.E.,
moved rapidly northward, spreading all over the sky, and finally
disappearing in the north. This agrees with what Wrangel asserts, "that
the aurora is affected by the wind in the same way as clouds are." Heavy
rain and a strong gale from noon until 8 P.M. Temperature of water +42
deg.; air +43 deg.
23rd.--The wind was right ahead but light this morning. We got under
weigh and beat to windward some miles, alternately sailing and pulling
until we reached the north point of Corbett's Inlet. We were here
visited by eighteen Esquimaux in their kayaks. All the news they could
give us was that one of Ouligbuck's sons had passed the winter near
this place, and that he had walked to Churchill in the winter, where all
were then well. A brisk trade was soon opened; the articles in greatest
request being powder and ball. Some fox and wolf skins were received;
but before they had brought out the half of their stock, the wind
changed from S.W. to N.W. by W. and blew a gale, which soon raised a sea
that washed over the canoes alongside. Being anxious to take advantage
of the fair wind to cross Corbett's Inlet before dark, after making our
friends presents of various articles, we set sail and ran across the
inlet, encountering a heavy sea caused by a swell from the south meeting
the waves raised by the present gale. We were three hours crossing to
the south point of the inlet, off which lie some dangerous reefs five or
six miles from land. The wind was very close as we turned the point; and
after gaining six miles further, we were forced to make a number of
tacks before getting into a harbour, which proved to be an excellent
one, land-locked on all sides. Little soil was to be seen on the rocks,
which were of granite. We had shipped a good deal of water, and it was
past 9 P.M. when we got under shelter. Thermometer +45 deg. Hundreds of
grey phalaropes were seen, supposed to be Phalaropus fulicarius.
24th.--It blew so hard this morning that we could not start until 8
o'clock. The wind after that moderated gradually, and latterly fell
calm. By rowing we arrived at the S.E. end of the island[6] near Whale
Cove, where we were visited by a party of natives, who brought off some
furs and boots for trade. A breeze from S.S.E. sprung up about 1
o'clock, with which we turned to windward through a narrow channel
between a small island and the main. When we reached the open sea the
wind was too much ahead for us to advance against the ebb tide, and as a
convenient harbour offered itself, we anchored for the night. Our
latitude at noon was 62 deg. 13' 19"; after which we advanced about four
miles to the southward. Ouligbuck told us that, when a little boy about
seven years old, he visited this place with his parents, and went out to
Sea-Horse Island on the ice to hunt the animals from which it takes its
name. Three large black whales were seen to-day. Thermometer +46 deg.,
+53 deg., and +42 deg.
I was much pleased to observe that the nearer we approached to
Churchill, the more confidence the Esquimaux placed in us. They fixed no
price for their goods, but threw them on board the boat, and left it to
me to pay them what I pleased. This confidential mode of dealing, which
is not in keeping with the habits of the Esquimaux tribes, at least
shows that they are satisfied with the treatment they receive at
Churchill. To the Hudson's Bay Company, indeed, they have much reason to
be grateful for having, by their influence, at last created a friendly
feeling between them and the Chipewyans, with whom they used to be at
constant and deadly enmity.
25th.--There was heavy rain all last night, which continued until
between 9 and 10 o'clock this morning. We then got under weigh with the
first of the flood, but it fell calm. We rowed for fourteen or fifteen
miles, the rain pouring all the time. A fine breeze from N. by E. sprung
up at 4 P.M., before which we ran direct for the passage between Sir
Bibye's Islands; but finding the water become very shallow, and learning
from Ouligbuck that there was not water enough for boats except at full
tide, we kept outside the islands altogether. We reached the main land a
little after sunset at the south point of Nevill's Bay, and ran for
shelter into a small inlet separated on the south by a narrow point from
a deep river, to which the Esquimaux resort to catch salmon. Thermometer
+37 deg. and +41 deg. As the moon was full, I at first intended running
on all night, but the threatening look of the weather deterred me.
26th.--Last night, about an hour after casting anchor, the moon became
overcast, and it blew a perfect gale. On landing this morning we found a
quantity of wood, a large sledge 30 feet long, and some slender pieces
of wood fastened together to the length of 40 feet. There were two of
these poles, which are used by the natives for spearing small seals. It
is said that, in Davis' Straits, the Esquimaux use poles of the same
kind for spearing whales.
As the bay in which we were lying was not very safe should the wind
change, we got under weigh and turned into the mouth of the river under
close-reefed sails. The boats shipped much water, particularly the
Magnet, keeping a man constantly baling. We at last got under the lee of
a point where there was a sandy bottom, but not water enough to float
the boats at low tide. The river is about a mile broad, and deep enough
in the middle for a vessel drawing 12 or 14 feet water.
We saw a number of whalebone snares set along the edges of the lakes for
geese, large flocks of which were feeding about, but very shy. There was
a storm from N.N.W. all the afternoon with heavy rain. Thermometer +36
deg.
27th.--It felt very cold this morning; the thermometer was at the
freezing point, and there was some snow. The storm had continued all
night with increasing strength, but towards day-light the weather became
more moderate, so that about 9 o'clock we were able to start under
reefed sails. The breeze gradually died away and went round to the S.W.,
and it finally became calm. Heavy rain and sleet began to fall; the wind
veered round to the S.E., so that we could lie our course, and make good
progress with the flood.
At 6 P.M. we reached a bay a few miles north of Knapp's Bay, which I had
not noticed on our outward voyage, and which is not laid down on the
charts. It is about ten miles wide and eight deep; the water in it is
very shallow, no where exceeding ten feet; and as it was within an hour
or two of high water, the greater part of it must be dry when the tide
is out.
Numbers of Brent geese were feeding in all directions on a marine plant
(_zostera marina_, Linn.) which grows here in great abundance.
We anchored under the lee of an islet in Knapp's Bay, a very small
portion of which was visible at high water. Thermometer +38 deg.
28th.--We were under weigh at day-light this morning, with a strong
breeze of north-west wind, which made us close-reef our sails. There was
a heavy sea in Knapp's Bay. At 8 A.M. we passed to the westward of the
island, under which we found shelter during the gale of the 8th of July
last. The wind was cold, with occasional showers of rain. Great numbers
of geese were seen passing to the southward. In the evening the wind
became more moderate and finally calm. Our water-kegs being empty, I ran
inshore a little before sunset, and entered Egg River, in which we found
a safe harbour. This river discharges a considerable body of water into
the sea by five mouths, separated by four islets. There is no island
lying opposite to its mouth, as represented in the charts. Thermometer
from +35 deg. to +40 deg.
29th.--The boat lay afloat all the night, which was fine but dark.
There was not a breath of wind until 7 o'clock. An hour after starting,
a moderate breeze sprung up from W. by N., but soon became light and
variable, and at last it fell calm a short time before sunset, when,
having gained about 40 miles, we pulled into a small bay, which afforded
us good shelter. The day was fine throughout, with occasional light
showers of rain. Thermometer from +45 deg. to +52 deg.
The sky was too much overcast for me to obtain any observation, but it
appears to me that Egg River is laid down in the charts about 12 miles
too far to the southward, and Egg Island is 12 miles south of the river
instead of being near its mouth, as there represented.
30th.--We had 13 feet water last night when the tide was in, but it was
not until the flood had made two hours that we floated. The night was as
fine as the last and calm. There was a light air of west wind when we
got under weigh, with which and the flood-tide we slipped alongshore
pretty fast. In an hour or two the wind began to fly about from all
points, with calms between, so that even with the help of our oars we
only made 22 miles; and not being able to reach Seal River, we ran into
a small bay--the only spot that appeared clear of stones for some
miles--about 12 miles north of it. Here abundance of drift wood was
found, with which the men lighted fires sufficiently large for the
coldest winter night. The evening was very warm, and the musquitoes
were troublesome. The country inland is well wooded. Great numbers of
mallard, teal, pintails, and long-tailed ducks were seen, but only two
or three were shot.
31st.--Left our harbour as soon as the tide permitted, which was at 7
A.M. A light but fair breeze from N. by W. gradually increased, so that
we made a fine run across Button's Bay, which is as full of rocks and
shoals as represented in the charts, and entering Churchill River a few
minutes after 1 P.M., landed in a small cove a few hundred yards above
the Old Fort.
On visiting the Company's establishment, I found that Mr. Sinclair was
absent at York Factory; but I was very kindly received by Mrs. Sinclair,
and liberally supplied with everything we required for the continuation
of our voyage. As we had carried away our bowsprit, Turner was set to
make a new one.
I received many letters from much valued friends, and after remaining
for a few hours, returned to the boats at 9 P.M. in order to be prepared
for starting early in the morning, should wind and weather prove
favourable. The stock of provisions on hand was eight bags of pemmican
and four cwt. of flour. We left Ouligbuck and his son at Churchill.
3rd September.--For the last two days the wind had been fair, but
blowing a gale, with such a heavy sea that we could not proceed. The
weather was so cloudy that I could obtain no observations; I therefore
employed most of my time in shooting Esquimaux curlews, which were so
abundant near the Old Fort that I bagged seven brace in a few hours.
This morning the wind shifted more to the westward, and becoming more
moderate, we got under weigh at 9 A.M. There was still a heavy swell
outside and at the entrance of our little harbour. Whilst coming out in
the dawn of the morning three seas came rolling in one after the other,
and broke completely over the bows of the boat, washing her from stem to
stern. I thought she would have filled, but we got into deep water
before any more seas caught her. The Magnet was even more roughly
handled in following us, having shipped much water and struck heavily on
the rocks--fortunately without damage. The wind died away, and during
the morning shifted to south. We, however, reached Cape Churchill, and
at 8 P.M. cast anchor under its lee, exactly opposite an old stranded
boat.
4th.--We had a breeze from S.W. by S. to-day, which enabled us to get
along the coast sixteen or eighteen miles during the flood. It blew so
hard in the afternoon that we required to double-reef our sails. The
weather was very warm, the thermometer being as high as +60 deg. in the
shade. A Canada nuthatch (_sitta Canadensis_) flew on board to-day, and
was very nearly caught. There were a good many ducks and geese near the
place where we landed to get fresh water. Between thirty and forty of
the former and two of the latter were shot. The boats were allowed to
take the ground, after two hours' ebb, on a fine shingle beach, on which
a considerable surf was breaking.
5th.--It was calm all night. At 3 this morning the boat floated, and we
pushed out a short distance from shore to be ready for the first fair
wind. At half-past seven a light air sprung up from N.E., but did not
increase till past noon, when there was a fine breeze. A meridian
observation of the sun gave latitude 58 deg. 26' 14" N. At 5 P.M. we were
opposite the mouth of Broad River, latitude 58 deg. 7' 0" N. Thermometer
at noon +56 deg.
6th.--We were under weigh this morning a little before daylight with the
wind from N.E. The weather was so thick that we could not see more than
a hundred yards ahead. We, however, ran on by soundings until I thought
we were near North River, and then kept inshore until we got sight of
land, which proved to be close to Nelson River, across which we stood,
directing our course by compass, and coming in directly opposite the
beacon. We arrived at York Factory between 9 and 10 o'clock, P.M. and
were warmly welcomed by our friends, who had not expected to see us
until next summer.
In justice to the men under me, let me here express my thanks for their
continued good conduct under circumstances sometimes sufficiently
trying;--in fact, a better set of fellows it would be difficult to find
anywhere.
As to their appearance when we arrived at York Factory, I may adopt the
words of Corporal M'Laren in charge of the Sappers and Miners who are to
accompany Sir John Richardson,--"By George, I never saw such a set of
men."
FOOTNOTES:
[5] The dovekie, or black guillemot (_Uria grylle_), breeds in great
numbers in the Orkney islands. I believe ornithologists are mistaken in
supposing that this bird becomes white or rather grey during the winter.
It is only the young birds that are so; the old ones are seen in winter
without any change in the colour of their summer plumage.
[6] This place is laid down on the chart as an island, but is a
peninsula according to the account we received from the Esquimaux.
APPENDIX.
LIST OF MAMMALIA,
_Collected during Mr. Rae's Expedition, with Observations by J.
E. Gray, Esq., F.R.S. &c._
1. _Mus Musculus._ Linn. York Factory. Probably introduced from Europe.
2. _Arctomys Parryi._ Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 158, tab. 10.
3. _Lepus Glacialis._ Leach. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 221.
MYODES.--The specimens brought by the expedition have enabled me
to make some corrections in the characters assigned to these
species. I may observe that the large size or peculiar form of
the claws which has been regarded as a character of the species,
appears to be peculiar to one sex--probably the males.
1. _The upper cutting teeth narrow, smooth without any
longitudinal groove. Thumb with a compressed curved acute claw._
(Lemnus).
_Myodes, Lemnus Pallas._ Glires 77 of Sweden.
_Myodes Helvolus._ Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 128, belong
to this section. All the museum specimens of these species have
small, simple, curved, acute claws.
4. _Myodes Hudsonius._ Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 132.
Grey, black washed beneath white, sides reddish, sides of the
neck red, nose with a central black streak, claws of male(?)
very large, compressed, equal, broad to the end, and notched; of
female small, acute. In winter with very long black white-tipped
hairs. Mr. Rae brought home two males, one in winter and one in
change fur, and two females in summer fur.
5. _Myodes Greenlandicus._
Reddish-grey, brown, black varied, back with a longitudinal
black streak, beneath grey brown, chest, nape, and sides
ruffous. Front claw of males(?) compressed, curved, the under
surface (especially of the middle one) with a broad, round,
expanded tubercle. I have not seen this species showing any
change in its winter fur.
2. _Upper cutting teeth broader, with a central longitudinal
groove. The claw of the front thumb strap-shaped, truncated, and
notched at the tip._
6. _Myodes Helvolus._ Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 128. (female?)
Fur very long, black, grey-brown; black grizzled, hinder part of
the body reddish, beneath grey, sides yellowish. Claws of the
fore feet (of the males?) large, thick, rounded, curved, bluntly
truncated at the tip; of the female compressed, curved, acute.
7. _Myodes Trimuconatus._ Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 130.
Bright red brown, head blackish-grey, sides and beneath pale
ruffous, chin white, claws moderate, compressed. This species is
best distinguished from the former by its larger size and the
great brightness of the colour, and the fur being much shorter
and less fluffy.
LIST OF THE SPECIES OF BIRDS
_Collected by Mr. Rae during his late Expedition, named
according to the "Fauna Boreali-Americana," by G. R. Gray, Esq.,
F.L.S._
FALCONIDAE.
Aquila (Pandion) haliaeeta.
Falco peregrinus.
" islandicus.
Accipiter (Astur) palumbarius.
Buteo lagopus.
" (Circus) cyaneus.
STRIGIDAE.
Strix brachyota.
" funerea.
" Tengmalmi.
JANIADAE.
Tyrannula pusilla.
MERULIDAE.
Merula solitaria.
SYLVIADAE.
Sylvicola aestiva.
" coronata.
" striata.
" (Vermivora) rubricapilla.
" " peregrina.
Seiurus aquaticus.
Anthus aquaticus.
FRINGILLIDAE.
Alauda cornuta.
Emberiza (Plectrophanes) nivalis.
" " lapponica.
" " picta.
" canadensis.
" (Zonotrichia) leucophrys.
" " pennsylvanica.
" " iliaca.
Fringilla hyemalis.
Pyrrhula (Corythus) enucleator.
Logia leucoptera.
Linaria minor.
STURNIDAE.
Quiscalus versicolor.
Scolecophagus ferrugineus.
CORVIDAE.
Garrulus canadensis.
PICIDAE.
Picus (Apternus) tridactylus.
Colaptes auratus.
RASORES.
Tetrao canadensis.
" (Lagopus) mutus.
" " saliceti.
" (Centrocercus) phasianellus.
GRALLATORES.
Calidris arenaria.
Charadrius semipalmata.
Vanellus melanogaster.
Strepsilas interpres.
Tringa Douglassii.
" maritima.
" alpina.
" Schinzii.
" pusilla.
" cinerea.
Totanus flavipes.
" macularius.
Limosa hudsonica.
Scolopax Wilsoni.
Phalaropus hyperboreus.
" fulicarius.
NATATORES.
Podiceps cornutus.
Larus argentatoides.
Lestris pomarina.
" parasitica.
" Richardsoni.
Anas (Boschas) crecca, var.
" " discors.
Somateria spectabilis.
" mollissima.
Oidemia perspicillata.
" americana.
Harelda glacialis.
Mergus serrator.
Anser albifrons.
" hyperboreus.
" Hutchinsii.
" bernicla.
Colymbus arcticus.
" septentrionalis.
Myiodioctes pusilla.
Regulus calendula.
Sitta canadensis.
Linaria borealis.
Tringa rufescens.
" pectoralis.
Totanus solitarius.
FISHES,
_Collected during Mr. Rae's Expedition. By J. E. Gray, Esq.,
F.R.S._
GADIDAE.
_Lota Maculosus._ Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. iii. 248. Male
and female.
ESOCIDAE.
_Esox. Lucius._ Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. iii. 124. Female.
CYPRINIDAE.
_Catastomus Forsterianus?_ Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. iii.
116. Female. Lakes near York Factory. The "Red Sucker."
_Catastomus Hudsonius._ Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. iii. 112.
River near York Factory. "The Grey Sucker."
SALMONIDAE.
_Salmo. Salar??_ Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 145. Repulse Bay.
_Salmo Hoodii._ Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. iii. 173, t. 82, f.
2, t. 83, f. 2, t. 87, f. 1. Male and female. Lakes near York
Factory.
_Salmo Coregonus Albus._ Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 195. t.
89, f. 2, a. b. Male. The Attihawmeg. Lower jaw shortest; ridge
behind the eye becoming close to the orbit beneath the eye.
_Salmo (Coregonus) Tullibee._ Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 201.
Lakes near York Factory. "The Tullibee." Lower jaw shortest,
ridge behind continued distant from the orbit and produced
towards the nostrils.
_Salmo Coregonus Harengus?_ Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 210. t.
90, f. 2, a. b. Lower jaw longest, ridge behind the eyes
becoming rather nearer to, but distinct from, the orbit beneath.
River near York Factory.
PLANTS,
_Named by_ SIR W. J. HOOKER, K.H., D.C.L., F.R.A. & L.S. &c. &c. &c.
_Plants collected on the Coast between YORK FACTORY and CHURCHILL,
and in the neighbourhood of Churchill._
DICOTYLEDONES.
RANUNCULACEAE, _Juss._
1. Anemone _Richardsoni_, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. 6, Tab. 4, A.
2. Ranunculus _Lapponicus_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 16.
CRUCIFERAE, _Juss._
3. Nasturtium _palustre_, De Cand.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 39.
4. Arabis _petraea_, Lam.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 42.
5. Cardamine _pratensis_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 45.
6. Draba _hirta_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 52.
7. Draba _alpina_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 50.
CARYOPHYLLEAE, _Juss._
8. Stellaria _Edwardsii_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 96, Tab.
31.
9. Cerastium _alpinum_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 104.
10. Silene _acaulis_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 87.
11. Arenaria _peploides_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 102.
LEGUMINOSAE, _Juss._
12. Phaca _astragalina_, De Cand.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 145.
13. Oxytropis _campestris_, De Cand.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 147.
14. Oxytropis _deflexa_, De Cand.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 148.
15. Hedysarum _Mackenzii_, Rich.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 155.
ROSACEAE, _Juss._
16. Dryas _integrifolia_, Vahl.--Hook. Ex. Fl. Tab. 200, Fl.
Bor. Am. i. p. 174.
17. Rubus _acaulis_, Mich.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 182.
18. Potentilla _anserina_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 189.
19. Potentilla _pulchella_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 191.
20. Potentilla _nivea_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 195.
ONAGRARIEAE, _Juss._
21. Epilobium _latifolium_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 205.
SAXIFRAGEAE, _Juss._
22. Saxifraga _oppositifolia_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 242.
23. Saxifraga _caespitosa_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 244.
24. Saxifraga _Hirculus_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 252.
25. Saxifraga _tricuspidata_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 254.
COMPOSITAE, _Juss._
26. Nardosmia _corymbosa_, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 307
(Tussilago corymbosa, Br.)
27. Achillaea _millefolium_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 318.
28. Chrysanthemum _arcticum_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 319.
29. Pyrethrum _inodorum_, Sm.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 320.
30. Senecio _aureus_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 333. var. nanus.
31. Arnica _montana_, L.--[Greek: b]. _angustifolia_, Hook. Fl.
Bor. Am. i. p. 330.
CAMPANULACEAE, _Juss._
32. Campanula _uniflora_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 29.
ERICEAE, _L._
33. Ledum _palustre_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 44.--var.
[Greek: a]. _angustifolium_; and var. [Greek: b]. _latifolium_.
34. Azalea _procumbens_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 44.
35. Rhododendron _Lapponicum_, Wahl.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 43.
36. Vaccinium _Vitis Idaea_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 34.
MONOTROPEAE, _Nutt._
37. Pyrola _rotundifolia_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 46.
BORAGINEAE, _Juss._
38. Lithospermum _maritimum_, Lehm.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p.
86.
SCHOPHULARINEAE, _Juss._
39. Castilleja _pallida_, Benth.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 105.
40. Bartsia _alpina_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 106.
41. Pedicularis _Wlassoviana_, Stev.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 107.
42. Pedicularis _Lapponica_, L.--Hook. Fl. Am. ii. p. 108.
43. Pedicularis _Sudetica_, Willd.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 109.
44. Pedicularis _flammea_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 110.
45. Pedicularis _euphrasioides_, Stev.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii.
p. 108.
PRIMULACEAE, _Juss._
46. Androsace _septentrionalis_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 119.
47. Primula _Hornemanniana_, Lehm.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 120.
POLYGONEAE, _Juss._
48. Polygonum _viviparum_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 130.
AMENTACEAE, _Juss._
49. Salix _Richardsoni_, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 147, Tab. 182.
50. Salix _vestita_, Ph.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 152.
51. Salix _Arctica_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 152.
52. Betula _glandulosa_, Mx.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 156.
53. Betula _nana_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 156.
MONOCOTYLEDONES.
MELANTHACEAE, _Br._
54. Tofieldia _palustris_, Huds.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 179.
ORCHIDEAE, _Juss._
55. Platanthera _obtusata_, Lindl.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p.
196, Tab. 199.
56. Platanthera _rotundifolia_, Lindl.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii.
p. 200, Tab. 201.
CYPERACEAE, _Juss._
57. Carex _dioica_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 208.
58. Carex _fuliginosa_, Sternb. and Hoppe.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am.
ii. p. 224.
59. Eriophorum _capitatum_, Host.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 231.
60. Eriophorum _polystachyon_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 231.
_Collected between CHURCHILL and REPULSE BAY._
DICOTYLEDONES.
RANUNCULACEAE, _Juss._
1. Ranunculus _affinis_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 12, Tab. 6 A.
PAPAVERACEAE, _Juss._
2. Papaver _nudicaule_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 34.
3. Arabis _petraea_, Lam.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 42.
4. Cardamine _pratensis_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 45.
5. Draba _alpina_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 50.
6. Eutrema _Edwardsii_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 67.
CARYOPHYLLEAE, _Juss._
7. Silene _acaulis_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 89.
8. Lychnis _apetala_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 94.
9. Stellaria _Edwardsii_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 96. Tab. 31.
10. Cerastium _alpinum_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 104.
LEGUMINOSAE, _Juss._
11. Oxytropis _campestris_, De Cand.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 146.
12. Oxytropis _Uralensis_, De Cand.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 145.
13. Phaca _astragalina_, De Cand.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 145.
ROSACEAE, _Juss._
14. Dryas _integrifolia_, Vahl.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 174.
15. Rubus _Chamaemorus_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 183.
16. Potentilla _nana_, Lehm.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 194.
ONAGRARIEAE, _Juss._
17. Epilobium _latifolium_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 205.
SAXIFRAGEAE, _Juss._
18. Saxifraga _oppositifolia_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 242.
19. Saxifraga _caespitosa_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 246.
20. Saxifraga _cernua_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 246.
21. Saxifraga _rivularis_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 246.
22. Saxifraga _Hirculus_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 252. and
var. _bi-triflora_.
23. Saxifraga _tricuspidata_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 253.
COMPOSITAE, _Juss._
24. Leontodon _Taraxacum_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 296.
25. Chrysanthemum _integrifolium_, Rich.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i.
p. 319, Tab. 109.
26. Erigeron _uniflorus_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 17.
CAMPANULACEAE, _Juss._
27. Campanula _uniflora_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 29.
ERICEAE, _Juss._
28. Andromeda _tetragona_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 38.
29. Ledum _palustre_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 44. var.
_angustifolium_.
DIAPENSIACEAE, _Lindl._
30. Diapensia _Lapponica_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 76.
BORAGINEAE, _Juss._
31. Lithospermum _maritimum_, Lehm.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 36.
SCROPHULARINEAE, _Juss._
32. Pedicularis _hirsuta_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 109.
33. Pedicularis _Langsdorffii_, Fisch.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii.
p. 109.
PLUMBAGINEAE, _Juss._
34. Statice _Armeria_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 123.
AMENTACEAE, _Juss._
35. Salix _Myrsinites_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 151.
36. Salix _Arctica_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 152.
MONOCOTYLEDONES.
JUNCEAE, _Juss._
37. Luzula _hyperborea_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 188.
CYPERACEAE, _Juss._
38. Carex _membranacea_,--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 220.
39. Eriophorum _polystachyon_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 231.
GRAMINEAE, _Juss._
40. Alopecurus _alpinus_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 234.
41. Hierochloe _alpina_, Roem. et Sch.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii.
p. 234.
42. Colpodium _latifolium_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 238.
43. Poa _Arctica_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 246.
44. Festuca _brevifolia_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 250.
45. Elymus _arenarius_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 255.
_Plants collected between REPULSE BAY and CAPE LADY PELLY._
DICOTYLEDONES.
RANUNCULACEAE, _Juss._
1. Ranunculus _Lapponicus_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 16.
PAPAVERACEAE, _Juss._
2. Papaver _nudicaule_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 34.
CRUCIFERAE, _Juss._
3. Cardamine _pratensis_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 44.
4. Draba _alpina_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 50.
5. Draba _stellata_, Jacq.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 53.
CARYOPHYLLEAE, _Juss._
6. Stellaria _humifusa_, Rottb.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 97.
7. Cerastium _alpinum_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 104.
LEGUMINOSAE, _Juss._
8. Oxytropis _Uralensis_, De Cand.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p.
145.
9. Oxytropis _campestris_, De Cand.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 147.
ROSACEAE, _Juss._
10. Dryas _integrifolia_, Vahl.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 174.
11. Potentilla _nana_, Lehm.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 190.
ONAGRARIEAE, _Juss._
12. Epilobium _latifolium_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 204.
SAXIFRAGEAE, _Juss._
13. Saxifraga _oppositifolia_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 242.
14. Saxifraga _cernua_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 245.
15. Saxifraga _rivularis_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 246.
16. Saxifraga _nivalis_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 248.
17. Saxifraga _foliolosa_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 251.
18. Saxifraga _Hirculus_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 252.
COMPOSITAE, _Juss._
19. Leontodon _Taraxacum_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 296.
20. Pyrethrum _inodorum_, Sm.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 320.
21. Arnica _montana_, L.--[Greek: b]. _angustifolia_, Hook. Fl.
Bor. Am. i. p. 330.
22. Erigeron _uniflorus_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 17.
ERICEAE, _Juss._
23. Andromeda _tetragona_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 38.
MONOTROPEAE, _Nutt._
24. Pyrola _rotundifolia_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 46.
SCROPHULARINEAE, _Juss._
25. Pedicularis _hirsuta_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 109.
AMENTACEAE, _Juss._
26. Salix _Arctica_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 152.
MONOCOTYLEDONES.
JUNCEAE, _Juss._
27. Luzula _hyperborea_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 188.
CYPERACEAE, _Juss._
28. Carex _dioica_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 208.
29. Carex _membranacea_, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 220.
30. Carex _caespitosa_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 217.
31. Carex _ustulata_, Wahl.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 224.
32. Eriophorum _capitatum_, Host.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 231.
GRAMINEAE, _Juss._
33. Hierochloe _alpina_, Roem. and Sch.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii.
p. 234.
34. Colpodium _latifolium_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 238.
35. Dupontia _Fischeri_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 242.
36. Poa _Arctica_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 246.
37. Poa _angustata_, Br.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 246.
38. Poa _alpina_, L.--Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 246.
SPECIMENS OF ROCKS,
_Described by JAMES TENNANT, ESQ., Professor of Mineralogy in
King's College, London._
CAPE LADY PELLY, 67 deg. 30' N. 88 deg. W.
Gneiss.
NEAR POINT HARGRAVE, 67 deg. 25' N. 87 deg. 35' W.
Gneiss.
CAPE T. SIMPSON, 67 deg. 22' N. 87 deg. W.
Gneiss with chlorite.
Mica-slate.
Mica-slate, with indistinct crystals of precious Garnets.
ISTHMUS connecting Ross's Peninsula with the Continent.
Felspar.
SIMPSON'S PENINSULA, 68 deg. 1/3' N. 88 deg. 20' W.
Compact argillaceous Limestone.
A HILL on the western shore of Halkett's Inlet, 69 deg. 14' N. 90 deg.
50' W.
Cellular Quartz, coloured by oxide of Iron.
Mica-slate full of Garnets.
HELEN ISLAND, one of the Harrison Group in Pelly Bay, 68 deg. 54' N.
89 deg. 52' W.
Felspar--red colour.
Gneiss; the Felspar, Mica, and Quartz distinctly stratified.
Gneiss; the Felspar red and greatly predominating.
BEACON HILL, near Fort Hope, 66 deg. 32' N. 86 deg. 56' W.
Granite.
Ditto, with a small quantity of Mica; the Felspar red, and
constituting four-fifths of the mass.
Gneiss, with veins of red Felspar running diagonally to the
stratification.
Mica-slate.
NORTH POLE RIVER.
Mica-slate.
Ditto, with veins of Quartz.
Gneiss.
Ditto, the Felspar red and greatly predominating.
Ditto, the Felspar very friable.
Quartz rock with Felspar.
Argillaceous Limestone, compact.
NORTH POLE LAKE, 66 deg. 40' N. 87 deg. 2' W.
Gneiss.
Mica-slate.
REPULSE BAY, 66 deg. 32' N. 86 deg. 56' W.
Quartz, coloured by oxide of Iron, and containing minute
particles of Gold.
MELVILLE PENINSULA, 68 deg. 27' N. 85 deg. 24' W.
Hornblende-slate.
MUNRO INLET.
Granite, the Felspar greatly predominating.
ISLAND near the north point of Rankin's Inlet.
Quartz, enclosing chlorite and Copper Pyrites.
Talcose-slate.
Carbonate and silicate of Copper, with Copper Pyrites on
argillaceous slate.
Ditto, with a thin coating of green carbonate of Copper.
Mica-slate.
Chlorite-slate, friable.
Ditto, with very thin veins of Calcareous Spar running
diagonally in stratification.
ISLAND near the south point of Rankin's Inlet.
Quartz and Iron Pyrites; the latter crystallized in cubes, the
faces of which are not above one-sixteenth of an inch.
Quartz, with Iron Pyrites, and superficially coloured by oxide
of Iron.
Hornblende-slate.
Mica-slate.
Chlorite-slate.
_Dip of the needle and force of magnetic attraction at various
stations along the west shore of Hudson's Bay, and at Fort Hope,
Repulse Bay._
------------+--------+-------+----------------+--------+-------+-----------+-----+---------
Name of |Latitude|Longi- | Date. |Times. | Dip | Time |Therm|Variation
Station | N. |tude | | | Mean. | of 10 | |of
| | W. | | | | Vibra- | |Compass.
| | | | | | tions. | |
------------+--------+-------+----------------+--------+-------+-----------+-----+---------
|d. m. s.|d. m.s.| |h. mi. |d. m.s.| Needle |d. m.|d. m. s.
| | | | | | No. 2 | |
| | | | | | deflected,| |
| | | | | | 20 deg. | |
| | | | | | from dip. | |
York Factory|57 0 2|92 26 0| 5 Nov. 1845 | 9 0 AM|83 47 0| |+31 0|
" |57 0 0|92 26 0| 8 " | 9 0 " |83 43 0| |+25 0|
" | " | " | 12 " | 2 30 PM|83 37 0| |+25 0|
" | " | " | 15 " | 9 0 AM|83 41 0| |+33 0|
" |57 0 0|92 26 0| 19 " | 9 0 " |83 42 5| |+25 0|
" | " | " | 22 " | 9 30 " |83 43 4| |+ 3 0|
" | " | " | 26 " | 9 30 " |83 48 7| |- 4 0|
" | " | " | 29 " | 9 30 " |83 42 5| |-13 0|
" | " | " | 3 Dec." | 9 30 " |83 54 2| |- 6 0|
" | " | " | 6 " | 9 30 " |83 43 2| |+ 8 0|
" | " | " | 10 " | 9 30 " |83 43 5| |-19 0|
" | " | " | 13 " | 9 30 " |83 48 2| | 0 0|
York Factory|57 0 0|92 26 0| 17 Dec. 1845 | 9 35 AM|83 40 9| |-11 0|
" | " | " | 20 " | 9 30 " |83 39 1| |-16 0|
" | " | " | 24 " |10 10 " |83 45 5| |-23 0|
" | " | " | 31 " |10 30 " |83 46 0| |+ 7 0|
" | " | " | 3 Jan. 1846 |10 30 " |83 46 1| |+20 0|
" | " | " | 7 " |10 30 " |83 47 0| |+ 5 0|
" | " | " | 10 " |10 30 " |83 45 5| |+ 7 0|
" | " | " | 14 " |10 30 " |83 43 9| |- 2 0|
" | " | " | 21 " |10 30 " |83 44 8| |-10 0|
" | " | " | 24 " |10 30 " |83 41 7| |+23 5|
" | " | " | 28 " |10 30 " |83 45 8| |+15 0|
" | " | " | 31 " {|10 0 AM|83 45 8| {|-15 0|
| | | {| 3 0 PM| | {|- 3 0|
" | " | " | 4 Feb." {|10 0 AM|83 50 5| {|-12 5|
| | | {| 3 0 PM| | {|-14 0|
" | " | " | 7 " |10 0 AM|83 45 5| |-11 5|
York Factory|57 0 0|92 26 0| 11 Feb. 1846 {|10 0 AM|83 44 8| {|- 5 0|
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | {|-11 3|
" | " | " | 14 " {| 9 30 AM|83 41 6| |-23 0|
| | | {| 3 20 PM|83 38 1| |- 8 0|
" | " | " | 18 " {| 9 30 AM|83 36 6| {|+ 6 0|
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | {|- 3 0|
" | " | " | 21 " {| 9 30 AM|83 41 0| {|-11 5|
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | {|+ 6 0|
" | " | " | 25 " {| 9 30 AM|83 40 9| {|-23 0|
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | {|-10 5|
" | " | " | 28 " {| 9 30 AM|83 39 7| {|-13 0|
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | {|+ 4 0|
" | " | " | 4 Mar." {| 9 30 AM|83 44 1| {|+ 6 5|
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | {|+ 4 0|
" | " | " | 7 " {| 9 30 AM|83 42 5| {|+29 0|
| | | {| 3 40 PM| | {|+37 0|
" | " | " | 11 " {| 9 30 AM|83 44 6| {|+26 0|
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | {|+25 0|
" | " | " | 14 " {| 9 30 AM|83 40 9| {|+12 5|
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | {|+22 0|
" | " | " | 18 " {| 9 30 AM|83 39 6| {|+15 5|
| | | {| 3 40 PM| | {|+21 0|
" | " | " | 21 " {| 9 30 AM|83 37 7| {|- 2 5|
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | {|+ 5 8|
" | " | " | 25 " {| 9 40 AM|83 47 0| {|+30 0|
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | {|+30 0|
" | " | " | 28 " {| 9 35 AM|83 43 8| {|+ 8 5|
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | {|+ 8 0
York Factory|57 0 0|92 26 0| 1 April 1846 {| 9 30 AM|83 42 8| {|+ 8 0|
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | {|+15 0|
" | " | " | 4 " {| 9 30 AM|83 45 2| {|+35 0|
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | {|+25 0|
" | " | " | 11 " {| 9 40 AM|83 40 6| {|+41 0|
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | {|+42 0|
" | " | " | 15 " {| 9 35 AM|83 35 7| {|- 3 5|
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | {|- 6 0|
" | " | " | 18 " {| 9 30 AM|83 40 2| {|+ 9 0|
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | {|+29 0|
" | " | " | 22 " {| 0 30 AM|83 38 9| {|+45 0|
| | | {| 3 35 PM| | {|+40 0|
" | " | " | 25 " {| 0 0 AM|83 35 5| Ther. {|+43 0|
| | | {| | |+40 deg 0'{| |
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | 21s.--34 {|+32 0|
" | " | " | 29 " {| 9 45 AM|83 38 0| Ther. {|+42 0|
| | | {| | |+46 deg 0'{| |
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | 21s.--23 {|+43 0|
" | " | " | 2 May " {| 9 30 AM|83 38 5| {|+39 0|
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | {|+47 0|
" | " | " | 6 " {| 9 30 AM|83 37 9| Ther. {|+51 0|
| | | {| | |+66 deg 0'{| |
| | | {| 3 30 PM| | 21s.--31 {|+67 0|
" | " | " | 16 " {| 9 35 AM|83 39 0| Ther. {|+36 0|
| | | {| | |+43 deg 0'{| |
| | | {| 3 35 PM| | 21s.--13 {|+44 0|
Creek |58 2 0|92 20 | 20 June " | 3 45 PM|84 46 4| |+49 0|
Churchill |58 43 50|94 14 | 29 " {| 9 47 AM|84 50 8| Ther. {|+60 0|
| | | {| | |+61 deg 0'{| |
| | | {| 3 35 PM| | 21s.--14 {|+61 0|
" | " | " | 1 July " {|10 30 AM|84 43 9| {|+88 0|
| | | {| 3 0 PM| | {|+60 0|
Churchill |58 43 50|94 14 0| 4 July 1846 | 8 10 PM|84 44 5| |+41 0|
Knapp's Bay |61 9 42| " | 8 " |10 45 AM|86 18 3| {|+52 0|
| | | | | | {|+51 0|
" | " | " | 8 " | 3 0 PM| | | |
" | " | " | 12 " | 5 15 PM|87 16 3| {|+58 0|
| | | | | | {|+52 0|
" |64 6 0|88 0 0| 18 " | Noon. |86 36 5| Ther. {|+54 0|
| | | {| | |+54 deg 0' | |
| | | | | | 20s.--84 | |
Near Wager |65 10 0| " | 21 " | 4 5 PM|87 10 6| Ther. |+52 0|
River | | | {| | |+65 deg 0' | |
| | | | | | 21s.--03 | |
" |65 15 36|87 10 0| 22 " |11 35 AM| | |+52 0|
Repulse Bay |66 32 0| " | 27 " |11 15 AM|88 16 7| Ther. {|+55 0|
| | | {| | |+57 deg 0'{| |
| | | | | | 21s.--7 {|+57 0|
Flett's | | " | 28 " {| 2 40 PM| | {|+90 0|
Portage | | | {| 3 15 PM| | {|+82 0|
Descent | " | " | 31 " {| 6 20 PM| | |+53 0|
Portage | | | {| 6 50 PM| | | |
Cape Lady | " | " | 3 Aug. " | | | | |
Pelly | | | | | | | |
3 Miles N.W.| " | " | " | 5 30 PM|88 27 1| Ther. |+52 0|
of do. | | | {| | |+52 deg 0' | |
| | | {| | | 21s.--8 | |
Fort Hope |66 32 0|86 56 0| 18 Nov. " {|11 15 AM|87 51 5| {|-6 0|West
| | | {| 2 0 PM| | {|-5 0|62 50 30
" | " | " | 21 " {| 9 45 AM|88 11 4| Ther. {|+6 0|
| | | {| | |+10 deg 5' {| |
| | | {| 2 15 PM| | 22s.--66 {|+10 0|
Fort Hope |66 32 0|86 56 0| 25 Nov. 1846 | 2 10 PM|88 8 9| {|-21 0|
| | | | | | {|-15 0|
" | " | " | 5 Dec. " {|10 0 AM|88 13 9| Ther. {|-13 0|
| | | {| | | +9 deg 0' {| |
| | | {| 2 0 PM| | 22s.--6 {|-16 0|
" | " | " | 12 " {|10 10 AM|88 13 3| {|+ 6 0|
| | | {| 2 5 PM| | {|+ 8 0|
" | " | " | 16 " {|10 0 AM|88 12 7| {| 0 0|
| | | {| 2 20 PM| | {|+ 2 0|
" | " | " | 23 " {|10 0 AM|88 16 3| {|- 7 0|
| | | {| 2 0 PM| | {|- 8 0|
" | " | " | 2 Jan. 1847 {|10 10 AM|88 17 5| {|-23 0|
| | | {| 2 30 PM| | {|-21 5|
" | " | " | 10 Feb. " {| 9 50 AM|88 10 9| {|-22 0|
| | | {| 2 10 PM| | {|-20 0|
" | " | " | 13 " {| 9 50 AM|88 13 5| {|-28 0|
| | | {| 2 10 PM| | {|-26 0|
" | " | " | 17 " {| 9 50 AM| | {|-36 0|
| | | {| 2 15 PM| | {|-33 0|
" | " | " | 24 " {| 9 55 AM| | {|-22 0|
| | | {| 2 10 PM| | {|-22 0|
York Factory|57 0 0|92 26 0| 18 Sept. " {| 9 15 AM|83 47 0| |+52 0|
| | | {| 3 10 PM| | | |
Fort Hope, Repulse Bay.
--_Abstract of Meteorological Journal for September, 1846._
-----+-------------------------------+----------------------------------
Day | Temperature of the Atmosphere |
of | taken eight times in twenty- | Prevailing Winds.
the | four hours. |
Month+----------+----------+---------+----------------------+-----------
|_Highest._|_Lowest._ | _Mean._ | _Direction._ |_Force._
-----+----------+----------+---------+----------------------+-----------
| _deg.m._ | _deg.m._ | | |
1 | +35 | +27 | +29.7 | E.S.E | 2-4
2 | +37 | +27 | +31 | E.S.E. | 5-4
3 | +36 | +25 | +31 | E.--Vble. | 9-1
4 | +34 | +28 | +30.3 | E. by S. | 8
5 | +42 | +26 | +32.7 | O.--N.N.W. | 0-7
6 | | | | N. | 6
7 | +31 | +25 | +27 | N. | 6
8 | +35 | +26 | +30.5 | N.N.W. | 6
9 | | | | N.N.W. | 6
10 | +32 | +30 | +31.3 | N.N.W.--O.--S.E. | 4-5
11 | +34 | +31 | +32.5 | E. by S. | 10-8
12 | | | | E. by S.--S. E. by E.| 9-5
13 | | | | S.W. by S.--S.W. | 5-9
14 | | | | |
15 | +45 | +45 | +45 | S.S. | 4
16 | +34 | +25 | +28.7 | Vble.--O.--E. by N. | 1-2
17 | +32 | +24 | +28 | W. | 2-3
18 | +29 | +26 | +27.7 | N.W.--W.N.W. | 6-7
19 | +33 | +26 | +29.7 | W.N.W.--O.--E. | 9-0
20 | +32 | +24 | +28 | N.N.W. | 5-4
21 | +36 | +24 | +29.3 | N.--O.--E. | 0-3
22 | +31 | +23 | +27.7 | N. by W. | 5-6
23 | +28 | +16 | +22.3 | W.N.W. | 3-4
24 | +42 | +21 | +29.3 | Vble. | 1-0
25 | +30 | +16 | +24.3 | Vble. | 0-2
26 | +30 | +26 | +28 | E.N.E. | 8-9
27 | +26 | +24 | +25 | N. by W. | 5-6
28 | +26 | +20 | +22.7 | N.N.W. | 7-6
29 | +24 | +22 | +23 | W.N.W. | 4
30 | +22 | +18 | +19.7 | Vble.--S.E. by E. | 1-4
------
714.4
------
+28.57
----+------------------+------------------------------------------------
Day | Barometer and |
of | Thermometer |
the | attached. | Remarks on the Weather, &c.
Mon.+--------+---------+
|_Barom._|_Thermo._|
----+--------+---------+------------------------------------------------
1 | | | c. c. o. Solar halo with parhelia.
2 | | | c. c. c.
3 | | | s. b. c.
4 | | | c. c. c. p. of sleet.
5 | | | c. c. o. Full moon.
6 | | | p. s. o.
7 | | | p. s. c.
8 | | | c. p. s.
9 | | | c. p. s.
10 | | | c. b. c. o.
11 | | | s. c. s. c. b. much drift.
12 | | | o. c. c. [quarter moon symbol] last quarter.
13 | | | b. c.
14 | | |
15 | | | c. p. s.
16 | | | c. c. c.
17 | | | b. c.
18 | | | o. s. s.
19 | | | s. s.
20 | | | s. o. c. s.
21 | | | c. c. c.
22 | | | s. s. b.
| | | Aurora visible to the southward at 8 P.M.
23 | | | b. b. c.
24 | | | o. b. c. o.
25 | | | c. o.
26 | | | s. s. s.
27 | | | s. drifting.
28 | | | p. so. drifting.
29 | | | b. c.
30 | | | h. b. s.
FORT HOPE, REPULSE BAY.
--_Abstract of Meteorological Journal for October, 1846._
------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------
Day |Temperature of the Atmosphere |
of | taken eight times in | Prevailing Winds.
the | twenty-four hours. |
Month.| |
+----------+----------+----------+------------------------+-------
|_Highest._|_Lowest._ | _Mean._ | _Direction._ |_Force_
------+----------+----------+----------+------------------------+-------
| _deg.m._ | _deg.m._ | _deg.m._ | |
1 | +27 | +25 | +26 | Vble. S.W.--N.W. | 1-5
2 | +25 | +16 | +21 | N.W. | 8
3 | +24 | +10 | +18 | Vble. E. by S. | 1-5
4 | +38 | +38 | +38 | S.E. by E. | 4
5 | +37 | +30 | +33 | E. | 2-4
6 | +33 | +28 | +30.3 | N.E. | 3-4
7 | +30 | +28 | +29 | N.E. | 4-3
8 | +28 | +25 | +26.3 | N.--N.N.W. | 4-5
9 | +22 | +21 | +21.5 | N.W.--O.--Vble. | 3-0-2
10 | +27 | +26 | +26.5 | E. | 8-9
11 | +32 | +28 | +30 | N.E.--O. | 1-0
12 | +27 | +25 | +25 | N. by W. | 7-9
13 | +29 | +27 | +28.1 | N. by W. | 8-9
14 | +26 | +18 | +23.2 | N. | 10-11
15 | +12 | +10 | +11 | N. by W. | 10-11
16 | + 5 | 0 | + 2.6 | N.N.W. | 7-4
17 | + 3.5 | - 1 | + 0.8 | N.N.W. | 7-8
18 | + 6 | - 0.8 | + 1.7 | S.W.W.--W.N.W. | 4-6
19 | + 2 | - 4.8 | - 0.7 | N.--N.N.W. | 5-9
20 | + 3 | - 2.5 | - 0.3 | N.W. | 10-11
21 | - 2.8 | -10 | - 6 | N.W.--N.W. by N. | 7-11
22 | - 4.5 | -15 | - 8.1 | N.W. Vble. S.W. | 0-2
23 | + 5.3 | - 0.5 | + 3 | N.W. by W.--N.W. by N. | 3-5
24 | - 0. | - 6.4 | - 4.2 | N.W. by W.--N.W. | 4-5
25 | + 4.5 | - 6.2 | - 1.8 | N.W. by N. | 5
26 | - 7.3 | -10.2 | - 8.5 | N.W.--N.W. by N. | 4-6
27 | - 6. | -15 | -10.6 | N.W. by N.--N.W. | 0-3-5
28 | - 1.8 | -11.8 | - 6.4 | N.W. & N.N.W. | 0-4
29 | +10 | + 3.1 | + 8.4 | S.S.E. S.--calm. | 0-2-4
30 | +25.3 | +21 | +23.4 | S.S.E.--S.W.--W. by N. | 2-8
31 | +10 | 0 | + 5.2 | S. N.W. W.S.W. N.N.W. | 1-4
| ------ |
| 389.4 |
| ------ |
| +12.56 |
----+--------------------+----------------------------------------------
Day | Barometer and |
of | Thermometer |
Mon.| attached. | Remarks on the Weather, &c.
+---------+----------+
|_Barom._ |_Thermo._ |
----|---------+----------+----------------------------------------------
1 | | | s. ps.
2 | | | b. c. drifting.
3 | | | h. p. s. o. s.
4 | | | h. p. r.
5 | | | h. wet.
6 | | | h. p. s. o. p. s.
7 | | | h. p. s.
8 | | | c. o. o.
9 | | | h. c. c.
10 | | | s. drifting.
11 | | | s. s. s.
12 | | | s. with much drift.
13 | 29.338 | +49 | s. and much drift.
14 | 29.431 | +46.3 | s. and drift.
15 | 29.690 | +44 | s. much drift.
16 | 29.605 | +30.5 | b. c.; drift; haze and some drift--parhelia;
| | | haze with scaly snow; faint aurora to the
| | | S. and S. by E. alt. 12 deg.
17 | 29.719 | +32.8 | b. c., much drift; aurora to the S.S.E.
| | | parallel to the horizon; alt. 12 deg.
18 | 29.641 | +31.5 | b. c., drift; cirrus; some faint streaks of
| | | aurora to the W.
19 | 29.662 | +29 | b. c., drifting; solar halo with prismatic
| | | colours and parhelia; snow and much drift.
20 | 29.842 | +29.5 | s. much drift.
21 | 29.959 | +30.5 | b. c., much drift; at 8 p.m. several streaks
| | | of faint aurora extending across the zenith
| | | in a N.W. and S.E. direction; many rays in
| | | different parts of the heavens.
22 | 29.828 | +28.5 |
23 | 29.919 | +32 | f. o. f. o. s. o. s. b. c. f. s.
24 | 29.974 | +31 | b. c. o. drifting.
25 | 30.023 | +29 | o. drifting.
26 | 30.062 | +29.3 | o. m. b. c. drifting.
27 | 30.47 | +26.5 | b. c. m., some faint streaks of aurora in
| | | various parts of the sky bearing for the
| | | most part N.N.W. and S.S.E.
28 | 30.505 | +26. | b. c., a few clouds near horizon; a very
| | | faint light yellow cloud aurora to the S.E.
| | | and N.W.
29 | 30.119 | +30.3 | c. s. b. c. s. o. m. b. c., cirrus extending
| | | from S.S.E. to N.N.W., resembling much the
| | | aurora. Lunar halo.
30 | 29.078 | +39.7 | o. m. o. s. b. c. o. drifting.
31 | 30.094 | +34.3 | b. b. c. c., solar halo; cirrus; 120 lunar
| | | distances were observed from Jupiter and
| | | at Aquilae, E. and W. of the moon.
| | | Lunar halo diam. 40 deg. or 50 deg.
FORT HOPE, REPULSE BAY.
--_Abstract of Meteorological Journal for November, 1846._
-----+------------------------------+-----------------------------------
Day |Temperature of the Atmosphere |
of | taken eight times in |
the | twenty-four hours. | Prevailing Winds.
Month| |
+----------+---------+---------+--------------------------+--------
|_Highest._|_Lowest._| _Mean._ | _Direction._ |_Force._
-----+----------+---------+---------+--------------------------+--------
| _deg.m._ |_deg.m._ |_deg.m._ | |
1 | +18 | - 3.0 | + 8.5 | W.N.W. N.E. E. | 2-7
2 | +26.5 | +22.3 | +24.4 | S.E. S.E. by E. E. by W. | 2-5
3 | +27 | +25.5 | +26.3 | S.E. E.S.E. | 2-5
4 | +26 | +21.5 | +23.8 | S.E.S. S.S.E. | 3-5
5 | +22 | + 0 | +13.2 | N. by W. N.W. by W. | 2-7
6 | - .5 | - 9.5 | - 3.5 | W.N.W. | 3-7
7 | + 11.5 | + 6 | + 9.7 | N. by E. | 4-7
8 | + 11 | + 5 | + 8.5 | N. | 4-7
9 | +12.5 | + 9.5 | + 10.9 | E.N.E. N.E. | 3-10
10 | +28.2 | +22.5 | +25.6 | E.S.E. S. S.S.W. | 3-8
11 | +17 | + 2.5 | + 7.5 | N.W. N.N.W. W. by N. | 5-8
12 | + 2.3 | - 8.5 | - 1 | N.N.E. W. N.N.W. | 2-5
13 | - 6 | - 8 | - 6.8 | N. by W. N.N.W. | 4-8
14 | - 4.6 | - 8.7 | - 6.6 | N.N.W. N. N. by W. | 3-7
15 | + 4.5 | -10.5 | - 3.8 | Calm. Vble. E. | 0-4
16 | +17.3 | +15 | +16.3 | E. N.E. N. | 1-6
17 | + 7.5 | - 8 | + .25 | N. by W. | 4-6
18 | - 4 | - 9.2 | - 7.1 | N.W. by N. Calm S.W. | 0-2
19 | +21.7 | +18 | +20.61 | S.S.E. S.E. E. | 4-7
20 | +12 | - 8.8 | + 2.9 | Calm. S. by E. N. | 0-2
21 | + 4.5 | - 4.2 | - 0.9 | S. S.E. E. | 4-1
22 | - 3 | - 4.2 | - 3.6 | S. by E. W. N.W. | 2-6
23 | -18.5 | -22.5 | -19.77 | N. by W. N.N.W. | 3-5
24 | -20.5 | -25.2 | -22.54 | N.N.W. | 5-1
25 | -14.5 | -24.5 | -20.06 | N. by E. N.W. N.W. by W. | 1-3
26 | -17.5 | -23.5 | -20.7 | N. | 6-9
27 | -11.8 | -15.5 | -13.6 | N. by W. | 9-10
28 | - 5.4 | - 8.5 | - 6.6 | N. by W. | 7-9
29 | -16.5 | -25.3 | -20.3 | N.N.W. W.N.W. | 6-3
30 | -17.5 | -24.4 | -21. | W. W.N.W. N.W. | 6-3
| ------- |
| +20.59 |
| ------- |
| + 0.68 |
----+------------------+------------------------------------------------
Day | Barometer and |
of | Thermometer |
Mon.| attached. | Remarks on the Weather, &c.
+--------+---------+
|_Barom._|_Thermo._|
----+--------+---------+------------------------------------------------
1 | 30.011 | +35 |b. c. o. s. and drift.
2 | 29.715 | +38 |o. m. s. o. m. o. s.
3 | 29.623 | +38.7 |o. m. s. o. s.
4 | 29.624 | +39.5 |o. m. b. c. o. m.
5 | 29.796 | +41 |o. m s. b. c. b. drifting. A faint ray of
| | | aurora to the S. E. extending vertically
| | | towards the zenith.
6 | 30.009 | +38.8 |b. c. drifting. Some faint beams of aurora
| | | extending from S.W. to N.W., alt. 60 deg.; one
| | | ray to the S.E. pointing towards the zenith.
7 | 29.894 | +37.3 |o. c. o. drifting.
8 | 30.1 | +39.5 |o. drifting.
9 | 39.996 | +35.2 |o. s. drifting thick.
10 | 29.598 | +40.2 |o s. o. b. c. o. much drift.
11 | 29.728 | +38 |o. s. o. m. b. c. drifting.
12 | 30.163 | +38.1 |b. c. m. b. drifting.
13 | 30.214 | +34.9 |b. m. b c. m. much drift.
14 | 30.39 | +36.2 |b. m. much drift. Solar halo and parhelia with
| | | prismatic colours; hazy near horizon; a faint
| | | beam of aurora to the westward directed toward
| | | the zenith; drifting.
15 | 30.239 | +37 |o.m. o. s.
16 | 29.963 | +38 |o.s. b. c. m. drifting.
17 | 30.102 | +37 |o.s. b. c. m. drifting. Three beams of aurora
| | | pointing towards the zenith; two of them
| | | bearing N.N.W., and the other S.E.
18 | 30.006 | +33.7 |b. c. fo. o. m. At 9 A.M. there was a very red
| | | sky to the N. westward; sound heard at a
| | | great distance.
19 | 29.573 | +36.7 |o. s. b. c. drifting.
20 | 29.420 | +36.8 |o. s. m. o. s. f. b. c. m. At 7 h. 30 m. a
| | | faint aurora extending from W. to S.E., alt.
| | | 20 deg.; motion rapid; no prismatic colours.
21 | 29.409 | +37 |o. s. b. c. s. o. f. s. b. m. s.
22 | 29.615 | +39 |b. c. Some faint streaks of aurora, most of them
| | | to the S. eastward, and pointed towards the
| | | horizon.
23 | 29.918 | +33.7 |b. m. b. c. Some faint rays of aurora visible
| | | this morning at 5 h. 30 m. in different parts
| | | of the heavens; drifting.
24 | 30.408 | +33.7 |b. c. drifting.
25 | 30.573 | +30.8 |b. b. m. Two faint beams of aurora bearing
| | | W.N.W. and pointing towards the zenith;
| | | altitude of lower limb 30 deg.
26 | 30.606 | +32 |b. m. b. much drift.
27 | 29.555 | +31 |b. m. o. s. drifting. Door drifted up.
28 | 29.41 | +26.6 |o. m. b. c. s. o. s. drifting.
29 | 29.894 | +27.5 |b. c. drifting.
30 | 30.354 | +26 |b. c. m. drifting.
FORT HOPE, REPULSE BAY.
--_Abstract of Meteorological Journal for December, 1846._
-----+-------------------------------+----------------------------------
Day | Temperature of the Atmosphere |
of | taken eight times in | Prevailing Winds.
the | twenty-four hours. |
Month+----------+----------+---------+------------------------+---------
|_Highest._|_Lowest._ | _Mean._ | Direction. | Force.
-----+----------+----------+---------+------------------------+---------
| _deg.m._ | _deg.m._ | _deg.m._| |
1 | -24 | -27 | -25.875 | Calm. N.E. N. | 0-3
2 | -26.7 | -30 | -28.1 | N.E. Calm. N. | 1-0
3 | -24.8 | -28.5 | -26.4 | N. by W. | 1-4
4 | -24.8 | -28 | -29.97 | N.W. by W. S.S.W. | 4-0
5 | -17.3 | -21 | -19.7 | Calm. S. by E. S.S.E. | 0-2
6 | - 6.5 | -11 | - 9.14 | E. by S. N.E. N. | 5-2
7 | -16.5 | -24 | -19.7 | N. | 5-7
8 | -19.5 | -25.6 | -22.61 | N. | 9-8
9 | +14 | -15 | + .03 | N.N.W. N.N.E. N.E. | 11-5
10 | +17 | +14.8 | +15.74 | N.E. by N. N.E. E. | 4-6
11 | +12.7 | + 9.8 | +11.6 | N. by E. N.N.W. N.W. | 4-1
12 | + 4 | - 6 | + .74 | S. S.S.E. Calm. | 0-3
13 | -13 | -17 | -14.93 | N. N. by W. | 4-1
14 | -19 | -23 | -20.94 | Calm. Vble. | 0-2
15 | - 9 | -19 | -16.55 | N.N.W. N. by W. | 1-4
16 | 0 | - 3 | - 1.64 | N. E.N.E. Calm. Vble. | 0-1
17 | - 5 | - 9.6 | - 6.05 | Vble. W.N.W. | 1-2
18 | - 6 | - 8.5 | - 7.04 | N. by W. W. Vble. | 2-1
19 | -14.2 | -20 | -17.4 | N. by W. N.N.W. | 5-4
20 | - 8.7 | -13 | -10.56 | S. by W. N. by W.N. | 1-4
21 | -20.7 | -32.3 | -24.83 | N.W. Vble. N. | 1-2
22 | -30.5 | -36.5 | -33.4 | W. Calm. N. by E. | 0-2
23 | -21.4 | -26 | -23.3 | N.N.E. N.E.N. | 0-1
24 | -31 | -35.3 | -33.13 | N. | 7-10
25 | -36 | -38 | -36.83 | N. by W. | 10-8
26 | -34 | -38 | -36.46 | N. by W. N. | 8-11
27 | -30 | -30 | -30 | N. | 10-11
28 | -30.8 | -34.8 | -33.01 | N. N. by W. | 6-4
29 | -24.5 | -40 | -35 | N.W. by W. Vble. N.N.W.| 0-5
30 | -25 | -32.3 | -29.63 | N. | 6-9
31 | -23 | -32.5 | -29.25 | N. by W. Vble. N. | 1-7
| | | ------- | |
| | | 597.43 | |
| | | ------- | |
| | | - 19.27 | |
----+------------------+------------------------------------------------
Day | Barometer and |
of | Thermometer |
Mon.| attached. | Remarks on the Weather, &c.
+--------+---------+
|_Barom._|_Thermo._|
----+--------+---------+------------------------------------------------
1 | 30.452 | +18.75 |b. c.
2 | 30.237 | +19.6 |b. c. b. c. m. Lunar halo.
3 | 30.886 | +16.3 |b. c. b. c. m.
4 | 30.013 | +17 |b. c. m.
5 | 29.778 | +17.6 |b. c. m. parhelia with prismatic colours;
| | | aurora visible to the south in two arches
| | | arising from near the horizon to the zenith.
6 | 29.480 | +27.5 |o. s. b. c.
7 | 29.764 | +26 |b. m. c. drifting.
8 | 30.039 | +23 |b. c. drift.
9 | 29.974 | +22 |s. o. drifting.
10 | 29.892 | +28.3 |s. o. b. c. o. s. drifting.
11 | 29.759 | +32 |o. s. m.
12 | 30.016 | +26.6 |o. m. s.b.m.
13 | 30.36 | +31 |b. m. b. c. The sky to the north had a
| | | beautiful lake coloured tint at sunset; the
| | | most brilliant display of aurora I have
| | | observed this winter, the centre being towards
| | | the true south, and gradually rising from an
| | | altitude of 12 deg. to 70 deg. or 80 deg. It
| | | was of a pale yellowish green colour.
| | | Horizontal needle not affected.
14 | 30.473 | +26 |b. c. m. Some faint beams of aurora in
| | | different parts of the heavens. A very faint
| | | aurora to the southward.
15 | 30.37 | +27 |b. m. b. c.o. A very faint aurora; centre true
| | | south.
16 | 30.186 | +30.7 |o. m.
17 | 30.205 | +27.6 |o. m. b. m. Wind variable from N. to E.;
| | | faint aurora to the S.; alt. 10 deg.; centre
| | | S.S.W. 30 deg.
18 | 30.274 | +29.3 |o. b. c. m. Aurora faint to the S. by W.
19 | 30.245 | +27.3 |b. c. m. drifting.
20 | 30.259 | +28 |b. c. o. s.
21 | 30.268 | +29 |b. m. Arch of aurora across zenith nearly east
| | | and west; brightest at western extremity.
22 | 30.264 | +22.3 |b. c. b. m.
23 | 30.168 | +25.3 |b. m. b. c. b. m. s. Spiculae of snow falling.
| | | Lunar halo faint.
24 | 30.065 | +23.6 |b. m. much drift.
25 | 29.996 | +22 |b. m. much drift.
26 | 29.83 | +20 |b. c. m. much drift.
27 | 29.523 | +15.5 |b. c. m. much drift.
28 | 29.536 | +14.3 |b. m. b. drifting.
29 | 29.603 | +14.3 |b. b. c. A faint halo, centre S., alt. about
| | | 20 deg.; wind variable from N. to W. by S.;
| | | cirrus clouds; halo round moon.
30 | 29.577 |+11.6 |b. c. drifting; much drift.
31 | 29.564 |+15.3 |b. c.
FORT HOPE, REPULSE BAY.
--_Abstract of Meteorological Journal for January, 1847._
------+------------------------------+----------------------------------
Day |Temperature of the Atmosphere |
of | taken eight times in | Prevailing Winds.
the | twenty-four hours. |
Month.+----------+---------+---------+---------------------------+------
|_Highest._|_Lowest._| _Mean._ | Direction. |Force.
------+----------+---------+---------+---------------------------+------
| _deg.m._ | _deg.m._|_deg.m._ | |
1 | -23.5 | -32 | -26.96 |N.N.W. N.W. by W. N. by W. | 1-6
2 | -29.5 | -33.5 | -31.8 |N.N.W. N. by W. N.W. | 2-5
3 | -30.3 | -32 | -31.4 |N. by W. Calm. N.N.E. | 0-1
4 | -31 | -34 | -32.82 |N. Calm. N. | 0-2
5 | -27.5 | -30 | -28.61 |N. 1/2 W. | 5-8
6 | -26.5 | -31 | -28.3 |N.N.W. | 6-8
7 | -40 | -42 | -40.9 |N.W. Calm. W. N.W.N. | 0-1
8 | -44 | -47 | -46.7 |N.W. N.N.W. N. by W. | 1-7
9 | -38 | -40 | -39 |N. | 10-11
10 | -12 | -17 | -14.5 |N.N.W. | 10-12
11 | -10 | -10 | -10 |N. by W. | 7-11
12 | -12 | -16 | -14 |N. by W. | 7-8
13 | -28.5 | -33.5 | -30.8 |N.N.W. N. by W. | 6-7
14 | -33.8 | -36.3 | -35.1 |N. by W. N. 1/2 W. N. by W.| 7-5
15 | -38 | -39.5 | -38.7 |N. by W. N.W. N.N.W. | 2-5
16 | -39.3 | -41 | -37.07 |N. by W. N.N.W. N. by W. | 2-6
17 | -38 | -41 | -39.6 |N. by W. | 7-8
18 | -37 | -40 | -38.95 |N.W. by N. N. by W. | 2-4
19 | -25 | -31 | -30.6 |N.N.W. N.N.W. | 9-11
20 | -14 | -20 | -17 |N.N.W. | 8-10
21 | -20.5 | -26.5 | -23.4 |N. by W. N.N.E. N. | 2-9
22 | -14 | -26 | -18.87 |N.W. N.N.W. | 6-11
23 | -10 | -13 | -11.2 |N.N.W. | 9-11
24 | -13 | -13 | -13 |N.N.W. | 9-11
25 | -26.5 | -32.5 | -29.25 |N.N.W. | 4-7
26 | -31.5 | -37 | -34.47 |N. Calm. Vble. N. | 0-1
27 | -29 | -35 | -32.05 |N. N. by W. | 1-2
28 | -33.3 | -35.5 | -34.65 |N. by W. | 6-7
29 | -36 | -42.7 | -39.25 |N. by W. W.N.W. N.W. | 4-1
30 | -24.7 | -36.5 | -28.64 |S. by W. Vble. E. | 1-5
31 | -27.5 | -35 | -31.5 |N. by W. | 4-7
| | |-------- | |
| | | 909 | |
| | |-------- | |
| | | -29.32 | |
----+------------------+-----------------------------------------------
Day | Barometer and |
of | Thermometer |
Mon.| attached. | Remarks on the Weather, &c.
+--------+---------+
|_Barom._|_Thermo._|
----+--------+---------+-----------------------------------------------
1 | 29.908 | +17 | b. c. b. c. s. drifting.
2 | 30.128 | +16 | b. m. b. Faint aurora, centre S.W. by S.,
| | | alt. 15 deg.; drifting; some streaks of
| | | aurora to the southward pointing to the
| | | zenith.
3 | 30.134 | +18.5 | b. c. b. Much refraction; thermometer in house
| | | +11 deg.; a beam of aurora to the south
| | | pointing to the zenith.
4 | 30.023 | +15.6 | b. b. Hills much refracted; aurora faint;
| | | centre of arch S. by W.; alt. 10 deg.; aurora
| | | in a narrow line parallel to horizon, alt. 4
| | | deg., extent 70 deg., centre south.
5 | 29.93 | +14.6 | b. c. m. drifting.
6 | 30.04 | +14.6 | b. m. drifting. A faint aurora extending from
| | | S.S.E. across the zenith.
7 | 29.861 | +12.6 | b. c. m. Mercury froze after two hours'
| | | exposure.
8 | 29.8 | +11 | b. b. drifting.
9 | 29.974 | | Much drift; could not get out to see
| | | thermometer, door being drifted up.
10 | 29.139 | + 6 | o. o. Much drift; obliged to take the
| | | thermometers into the house, as the pillars
| | | of snow on which the posts were placed were
| | | nearly all blown away.
11 | 29.193 | +10.5 | o. b. m. Much drift; a beam of aurora S.E.;
| | | alt. 25 deg.
12 | 29.309 | +14.5 | b. m. Much drift; very faint aurora; centre
| | | W. by N.; alt. 10 deg.
13 | 29.549 | +12.3 | b. m. drifting; a very faint aurora, centre
| | | S.S.W., alt. 16 deg.; extent 60 deg. or 70
| | | deg.
14 | 29.588 | +13 | b. c. m. drift; arch of aurora faint,
| | | alt. 11 deg., centre S.S.W., extent 90 deg.
15 | 29.608 | + 7.6 | b. m. c. Streams of bright light shooting from
| | | the sun to the alt. of 5 deg.
16 | 29.67 | + 7 | b. c. b. drifting, stratus; arch of aurora
| | | faint, centre south, alt. 18 deg., extent 60
| | | deg. Centre S.S.W., alt. 12 deg., extent 90
| | | deg.
17 | 29.887 | +13 | b. m. drifting. Aurora visible, faint but
| | | brightest to the westward; centre S.,
| | | alt. 60 deg.
18 | 29.245 | + 6 | b. c. b. c. m. A very faint arch of aurora
| | | from the N.W. by N. extending across zenith.
19 | 29.662 | + 7 | m. o. much drift; door drifted up.
20 | 29.472 | +11 | o. q. much drift.
21 | 29.60 | + 9.5 | b. m. much drift.
22 | 29.445 | + 8 | b. m. o. s. o. m. q. s. o. q. drifting.
23 | 29.273 | + 9.5 | o. m. much drift.
24 | 29.366 | +10 | o. q. gale all night; much drift.
25 | 29.83 | + 8 | b. m. drifting; solar halo with parhelia.
26 | 30.035 | + 6.3 | b. A faint arch of aurora across zenith S.W.
| | | and N.E.
27 | 29.911 | + 4.6 | b. c. b. c. s. o. m. o. s.
28 | 29.908 | + 7.3 | b. m. drifting. Very cold to the sensation'
| | | spiculae of snow falling; a broad band of
| | | aurora, the lower edge having a reddish or
| | | lake tint, running parallel to the horizon;
| | | alt. 2 deg., centre S.W., extent 70 deg.;
| | | some beams of aurora S.E. pointing towards
| | | the zenith.
29 | 29.954 | + 7.3 | b. m.
30 | 29.737 | + 5.6 | o. b. c. m. s. b. c. s.
31 | 29.714 | + 8 | b. c. m. Cirrus; drifting.
FORT HOPE, REPULSE BAY.
--_Abstract of Meteorological Journal for February, 1847._
------+-------------------------------+---------------------------------
Day | Temperature of the Atmosphere |
of | taken eight times | Prevailing Winds.
the | in twenty-four hours. |
Month.+----------+----------+---------+------------------------+--------
|_Highest._| _Lowest._| _Mean._ | _Direction._ |_Force._
------+----------+----------+---------+---------------------------------
| _deg.m._ | _deg.m._ | _deg.m._| |
1 | -29.8 | -38.5 | -33.6 | N.N.W. N.W. W. | 6-1
2 | -30.8 | -37.3 | -33.73 | N.W. Vble. W. Calm. N. | 0-1
3 | -29 | -35 | -31.53 | S.W. Calm. Vble. | 0-1
4 | -19 | -26.5 | -22.67 | Calm. Vble. Calm. | 0-1
5 | -14 | -20 | -16.71 | N.W. by S. | 4-6
6 | -14.7 | -22.5 | -17.5 | N. | 3-6
7 | -22.5 | -27 | -25.16 | Calm. N. by W. Calm. | 0-1
8 | -22.3 | -30.5 | -26.25 | N. by W. N.N.W. | 1-4
9 | -20 | -25.5 | -21.65 | N.W. N.W. by W. | 1-6
10 | -20 | -27 | -23.35 | N. Vbl. N. by W. | 0-2
11 | - 8.7 | -18.3 | -11.64 | W.N.W. N. by W. | 1-6
12 | -18 | -23.5 | -20.25 | N. by W. | 8-6
13 | -35.3 | -38 | -36.83 | N.N.W. N. by W. | 7-2
14 | -26 | -36.5 | -31 | N.W. | 6-3
15 | -37.5 | -42 | -39.83 | N. | 4-7
16 | -36.5 | -42 | -39.14 | N. by W. | 7-5
17 | -35.5 | -40.5 | -38.4 | N. N. by W. N.W. | 7-3
18 | -27.5 | -34.5 | -30.57 | N. N. by W. N.N.W. | 1-7
19 | -22 | -32.5 | -27.57 | N. Vble. S.S.E. | 4-1
20 | -22.5 | -27.5 | -25.3 | N. by W. N. N.N.W. | 7-4
21 | -19.5 | -27 | -22.83 | N.N.W. N. S.E. | 3-1
22 | -13 | -26.5 | -18.85 | N.N.W. | 1-5
23 | -23.5 | -31.5 | -26.57 | N.N.W. N. | 3-1
24 | -23 | -34.5 | -27.43 | W. W. by N. N. N.W. | 1-4
25 | - 9.5 | -27.5 | -20.2 | W. Calm. Vble. | 1-0
26 | - 9.3 | -22 | -13.5 | S.E. E. by N. N. | 1-2
27 | -24 | -27.5 | -25.54 | N.W. by N. N.N.W. | 4-6
28 | -34.5 | -40 | -39.2 | N.N.W. N.W. by W. | 6-3
| | | ------ | |
| | | 746.85 | |
| | | ------ | |
| | | -26.68 | |
+------------------+----------------------------------------------------
Day | Barometer and |
of | Thermometer |
Mon.| attached. | Remarks on the Weather, &c.
+--------+---------+
|_Barom._|_Thermo._|
----+--------+---------+------------------------------------------------
1 | 29.901 | + 7.6 | b. m. b.q. drifting.
2 | 30.023 | + 5.3 | b. b.
3 | 30.593 | + 2.6 | b. c. o. cirrus and cirro-stratus.
4 | 30.219 | + 5 | b. c.
5 | 30.339 | + 5.6 | b. c. q. much refraction; drifting.
6 | 30.18 | +11. | b. c. m. b. c. drifting.
7 | 30.??4 | +12. | b. c. cirrus; cloudy near horizon.
8 | 30.418 | +10.3 | b. m. spiculae. much refraction.
9 | 30.432 | +12. | o. m. b. c. m. drifting; solar halo with
| | | parhelia; a faint arch of aurora.
10 | 30.065 | + 8.3 | b. c. cirrus; some faint beams of aurora south
| | | and south-south-west (say south-west).
11 | 29.865 | +12.6 | b. c. m. o. s. b. c. s. drifting.
12 | 29.71 | +12. | b. m much drift.
13 | 29.644 | +10.5 | b. m. b. drifting.
14 | 29.65 | +10. | b. m. b.
15 | 29.816 | +12.6 | b. b. m. b. drifting.
16 | 29.899 | +13.3 | b. m. b. much drift.
17 | 29.84 | + 7.6 | b. m. b. drifting.
18 | 29.869 | + 7.3 | b. c. o. b. c. m. much drift.
19 | 29.9 | + 6.7 | b. c. s. o. m. Solar halo with prismatic
| | | colours and parhelia.
20 | 29.9 | + 8 | b. m. b. drifting.
21 | 30.329 | + 7 | b. c. b. c. m.
22 | 30.276 | + 9.6 | b. m. b. c. s. o. s. b. c. s. drifting.
23 | 30.459 | + 9.3 | b. m. b. c. cirrus; Venus visible for the
| | | first time, the horizon having been too hazy
| | | to see her sooner.
24 | 30.326 | + 7 | b.
25 | 30.008 | + 6 | b. b. c. much refraction.
26 | 30.221 | + 8.3 | b. m. c. b. c. s.
27 | 30.146 | +12 | b. m. c. b. c. s. b. c. m. drifting along
| | | the ground.
28 | 30.073 | +11 | b. m. drifting.
Fort Hope, Repulse Bay,
--_Abstract of Meteorological Journal for March, 1847._
------+-------------------------------+---------------------------------
Day | Temperature of the Atmosphere |
of | taken eight times | Prevailing Winds.
the | in twenty-four hours. |
Month.+----------+----------+---------+--------------------------+------
|_Highest._| _Lowest._| _Mean._ | _Direction._ |Force.
------+----------+----------+---------+--------------------------+------
| _deg. m._| _deg. m._|_deg. m._| |
1 | -30.5 | -45 | -37.5 | N. by W. Chble. N.W. | 0-2
| | | | by N. |
2 | -30.5 | -40.5 | -35.4 | N.W. by N. N.N.W. | 2-4
3 | -30 | -37 | -33.7 | N.W. by N. N.N.W. | 4-7
4 | -27 | -38 | -32 | N. by W. N.W. by N. | 4-7
5 | -26 | -33 | -28.4 | N. by W. N.W. by N. | 8-6
6 | -27 | -33 | -29.4 | N. by W. | 8-4
7 | -27.5 | -37 | -33 | N.N. 1/2 E. | 7-5
8 | -25 | -31.5 | -27.5 | N. N. by W. N.N.W. | 7-9
9 | -20 | -30.5 | -25.3 | N.N.W. N.W. by N. | 4-2
10 | -21 | -33.5 | -27.2 | N.W. N.N.W. | 1-4
11 | -10.7 | -27.5 | -20 | N.W. by N. N. by W. | 1-3
12 | -19.5 | -30.5 | -23.7 | N.N.W. N. N. by W. | 8-10
13 | -15 | -19.5 | -16.5 | N.N.W. | 10-12
14 | -13.5 | -15 | -14.5 | N. by W. | 11-7
15 | -11 | -19 | -14.2 | N. N.N.W. | 8-5
16 | -7.7 | -19 | -11.7 | N.W. by N. N. by W. | 3-6
17 | -24 | -30 | -26.5 | N. W.N.W. W. | 1-6
18 | -18.7 | -37.5 | -29.1 | Calm. S.S.E. W. | 0-6
19 | -14 | -29.5 | -21.4 | W. Vble. | 2-1
20 | -23.5 | -32.5 | -29.1 | N.N.W. N. N. by W. | 6-4
21 | -23 | -29.5 | -25.9 | W.N.W. | 10-7
22 | -16 | -27 | -21.6 | N W. by N. W. | 6-1
23 | -16 | -33 | -22.6 | N.W. Chble. N. by W. | 1-6
24 | -29 | -33.5 | -30.9 | N. by W. N.N.W. | 9-7
25 | -27 | -35 | -30.4 | N. by W. N.N.W. | 7-9
26 | -26.5 | -35.5 | -30.6 | N. by W. | 6-8
27 | -24.5 | -34 | -28.1 | N. by W. N.N.W. | 6-8
28 | -26 | -35 | -30.2 | N. by W. | 2-7
29 | -22 | -33 | -26.37 | N.N.W. N. W.N.W. | 8-5
30 | -15 | -32 | -20.54 | N.W. N. by W. | 2-6
31 | -6 | -14 | -8.6 | N.N.W. N.W. by N. | 7-6
| | | ------ |
| | | 811.91 |
| | | ------ |
| | | -28.1 |
----+----------------------+--------------------------------------------
Day | Barometer and |
of | Thermometer |
Mon.| attached. | Remarks on the Weather, &c.
+----------------------+
| _Barom._ | _Thermo._ |
----+----------+-----------+--------------------------------------------
1 | 30.152 | + 4.3 | b. b.
2 | 30.296 | + 4 | b.
3 | 30.268 | + 4.6 | b. m. drifting. The wind between noon and
| | | 2 P.M. went round for a few minutes, and
| | | then went back to its old direction.
4 | 30.399 | + 6.3 | b. m. drifting.
5 | 30.492 | + 7 | b. m. b. c. m. much drift.
6 | 30.63 | +11.3 | b. c. m. drifting.
7 | 30.514 | +10.5 | b. m. drifting.
8 | 30.232 | + 7.6 | b. c. m. much drift.
9 | 30.194 | + 8 | b. b. c.
10 | 30.179 | + 4 | b. b. c. cirrus.
11 | 30.305 | + 4.7 | b.
12 | 30.449 | + 9.7 | b. m. much drift.
13 | 30.089 | + 7 | b. q. thick drift.
14 | 30.07 | + 5 | b. m. q. b. c. m. much drift.
15 | 30.886 | +13 | b. c. m. q. b. c. m. o. m. drifting.
16 | 29.578 | +12 | o. s. b. c. s. b. c. drifting.
17 | 29.814 | + 6.6 | b. c. b. q. drifting.
18 | 29.99 | + 4.6 | b. c. m. Solar halo with prismatic
| | | colours; drifting.
19 | 30.001 | + 5.6 | b. m. b. c. cirrus.
20 | 29.569 | + 8 | b. m. b. c. m.
21 | 29.372 | + 3 | o. s. o. m. b. m. drifting.
22 | 29.673 | + 5 | b. c. m. q. cirrus.
23 | 29.823 | + 6.7 | b. c. m. o. s. Spiculae; halo with
| | | prismatic colours; drifting.
24 | 29.854 | + 3.7 | b. m. b. c. m. much drift; door
| | | drifted up.
25 | 29.899 | + .7 | b. m. c. m. much drift; door drifted up.
26 | 30.196 | + 1.3 | b. c. m. drifting.
27 | 30.046 | - .3 | b. m. b. c. m. drifting.
28 | 30.161 | + 1 | b. m. c. drifting.
29 | 30.142 | + 2 | b. m. drifting.
30 | 30.182 | + 3.5 | b. c. m. o. m. drifting.
31 | 30.867 | +10.6 | b. c. m. b. c. s. o. s. drifting.
FORT HOPE, REPULSE BAY.
--_Abstract of Meterological Journal for April, 1847._
------+---------------------------------+------------------------------
Day | Temperature of the Atmosphere |
of | taken eight times in twenty-four| Prevailing Winds.
the | hours. |
Month.+-----------+----------+----------+------------------------------
|_Highest._ |_Lowest._ | _Mean._ | _Direction._ | Force.
------+-----------+----------+----------+----------------------+-------
| _deg. m._ |_deg. m._ |_deg. m._ | |
1 | -6.5 | -18.3 | -11.57 | N.W. by W. W. by N.| 3-6
2 | -0.5 | -21 | -9.03 | W. N.N.W. N.W. | 2-4
3 | +8 | -23.5 | -6.7 | Vble. Calm. | 1-0
| | | | |
4 | 0 | -13 | -4.5 | N.W. by N. N. | 2-1
5 | | | -10 | N. by W. | 5
6 | +11 | -20 | -5.3 | S. | 4
7 | +18 | -9 | +3.67 | |
8 | +20 | -2 | +8.3 | |
9 | +2 | -12 | -5 | N.N.W |
10 | +19 | -15 | +3.66 | E. |
11 | +10 | -15 | -1.6 | E. |
12 | +16 | -17 | -2 | S. |
13 | +21 | -11 | +5.3 | N.N.W. |
14 | +15 | 0 | +6.6 | W. |
15 | -7 | -17 | -11.3 | N.N.W. | 9
16 | -10 | -19 | -15.3 | N. | 9
17 | -8 | -22 | -16.3 | N. |
18 | -2 | -20 | -12 | N.W. |
19 | -5 | -25 | -13.7 | N.N.W. |
20 | -5 | -20 | -12.67 | N. |
21 | 0 | -22 | -10.3 | N.N.W. |
22 | -8 | -22 | -13.3 | N. by W. |
23 | +17 | -12 | +1.67 | Vble. | 2
24 | -6 | -10 | -4.3 | N.W. |
25 | +7 | -2 | +1 | N. |
26 | +5 | -10 | -1.6 | N.N.W. |
27 | +8 | -5 | +2 | N.N.W. |
28 | +10 | -3 | +4 | N.N.W. |
29 | +11 | -1 | +4 | N.N.W. |
30 | +20 | -1 | +9.6 | N. |
| +----------+ | |
| | 122.57 | | |
| +----------+ | |
| | -3.95 | | |
----+------------------+------------------------------------------------
Day | Barometer and |
of | Thermometer |
Mon.| attached. | Remarks on the Weather, &c.
+--------+---------+
|_Barom._|_Thermo._|
----+--------+---------+------------------------------------------------
1 | 29.83 | + 10 | b. c. m. drifting.
2 | 29.709 | | b. b. c.
3 | 29.708 | + 4 | b. b. c. Barometer not registered after this.
| | | Thermometer with colourless ??? rose to 5
| | | deg. only, although freely exposed to the
| | | sun's rays. At 8 P.M. a faint aurora of an
| | | orange colour; centre south; alt. 5 deg.
4 | | | o. m. b. c. s. o.s.
5 | | | o. s.
6 | | |
7 | | |
8 | | |
9 | | |
10 | | |
11 | | |
12 | | |
13 | | | much drift all day.
14 | | | much drift.
15 | | |
15 | | | much drift and snow.
17 | | |
18 | | | thick drift and snow. Some partridges seen.
19 | | |
20 | | | drifting.
21 | | |
22 | | |
23 | | | drifting thick.
24 | | |
25 | | |
26 | | | snow and drift.
27 | | | drifting.
28 | | | drifting.
29 | | | drifting.
30 | | | drifting.
FORT HOPE, REPULSE BAY.
--_Abstract of Meteorological Journal for May, 1847._
------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------
Day | Temperature of the Atmosphere |
of | taken three times in | Prevailing winds
the | twenty-four-hours. |
Month.| |
+------------+-----------+----------+----------------------+------
| _Highest._ | _Lowest._ | _Mean._ | _Direction._ |Force.
------+------------+-----------+----------+----------------------+------
| _deg.m._ | _deg.m._ | _deg.m._ | |
1 | +20 | + 4 | +11.6 | W. |
2 | +20 | + 5 | +12 | N. |
3 | +17 | + 4 | + 9.3 | N. by W. |
4 | +10 | + 0 | + 3.3 | N.N.W. |
5 | +10 | - 4 | + 3.67 | N.N.W. |
6 | +20 | 0 | + 9.3 | Vble. Calm. | 1-2
7 | +24 | - 1.5 | +10.5 | S.E. E. | 2
8 | +23 | + 6 | +14.8 | Vble. E. S.S.E. | 1-3
9 | +26 | +16 | +18.5 | S.E. E. | 2-6
10 | +19.5 | +12 | +15.67 | E. by S. E.N.E. | 6-10
11 | +32.3 | +18.5 | +24.6 | S. by E. S.W. W.N.W. | 1-6
12 | +25.5 | +10 | +15.93 | N.W. | 2-6
13 | +25 | + 4.5 | +11.5 | W. | 7-6
14 | +33 | +18 | +23.3 | S.W. |
15 | +17 | +10 | +12.67 | N. |
16 | +15 | + 9 | +11.3 | N.W. |
17 | +20 | +15 | +17 | W.N.W. |
18 | +30 | +15 | +21.67 | N.W. |
19 | +40 | +18 | +27.6 | S. |
20 | +37 | +21 | +27.3 | N. |
21 | +28 | +18 | +21.3 | N. | 11
22 | +22 | +16 | +18.3 | N. | 10
23 | +25 | +16 | +21 | N. | 10
24 | +33 | +26 | +28.66 | N.E. |
25 | +43 | +23 | +30.67 | N.E. by N. |
26 | +34 | +24 | +27.67 | N.N.E. |
27 | +28 | +21 | +24.66 | N. |
28 | +25 | +16 | +20 | N.W. |
29 | +45 | +18 | +28 | S. |
30 | +43 | +24 | +30.67 | S.E. |
31 | +23 | +18 | +21 | N. |
| | +----------+ |
| | | 553.44 | |
| | +----------+ |
| | | +17.88 | |
----+--------------------+----------------------------------------------
Day | Barometer and |
of | Thermometer |
Mon.| attached. |
+---------+----------+ Remarks on the Weather, &c.
|_Barom._ |_Thermo._ |
----+---------+----------+----------------------------------------------
1 | | | Newman's improved Cistern Barometer used.
| | | { Correction for capacities -1/34
2 | | | { Neutral point -30.302
| | | { Capillary action +.042
| | | { Temperature +60 deg.
3 | | | A snow bird was seen.
4 | | | drifting.
5 | | | drifting.
6 | | | b. c.
7 | | | o. s. b. c. s.
8 | | | o. s. An inch of snow fallen.
9 | | | o. s. o. o.
10 | | | o. s. and drifting thick.
11 | | | o. s. pools of water. Beautiful evening,
12 | | | b. c. drifting.
13 | | | b. c. o. m.
14 | | |
15 | | | fine weather.
16 | | | thick weather.
17 | | |
18 | | |
19 | | |
20 | | |
21 | | | Much snow drift.
22 | | | Much snow and snow drift.
23 | | | Much snow drift.
24 | | |
25 | | |
26 | | |
27 | | | Snow and drift until evening.
28 | | |
29 | | |
30 | | | Cloudy with snow.
31 | | | Strong gale with drift.
Fort Hope, Repulse Bay.
--_Abstract of Meteorological Journal for June, 1847._
------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------
Day | Temperature of the Atmosphere |
of | taken three times in | Prevailing winds
the | twenty-four-hours. |
Month.+------------+-----------+----------+---------------------+-------
| _Highest._ | _Lowest._ | _Mean._ | _Direction._ |Force.
------+------------+-----------+----------+---------------------+-------
| _deg.m._ | _deg.m._ | _deg.m._ | |
1 | +25 | +12 | +19.3 | S. |
2 | +35 | +17 | +25.3 | N. |
3 | +26 | +14 | +20 | N. |
4 | +32 | +14 | +21.7 | N.W. |
5 | +29 | +18 | +22 | N.W. |
6 | +43 | +21 | +28.3 | Vble. |
7 | +28 | +18 | +22 | N. |
8 | +30 | +16 | +22.7 | N. |
9 | +38 | +24 | +30.6 | N.N.W. and Vble. | 3-5
10 | +39 | +26 | +31.3 | N. and N.N.E. | 1-3
11 | +34 | +28.5 | +30.8 | Vble. N. | 1-6
12 | +35 | +26.5 | +30.7 | N. by W. | 6-8
13 | +37 | +27 | +32.3 | N. | 5-7
14 | +40 | +29.5 | +34 | N. by E. | 2-4
15 | +43.5 | +26 | +35.5 | E. Vble. S.W. | 2-3
16 | +39.5 | +36 | +37.3 | N. N.W. | 4-2
17 | +37 | +30.5 | +34 | E. by S. S.E. | 3-1
18 | +38.5 | +32.5 | +34.67 | E. N.E. | 2-5
19 | +34.5 | +31 | +32.5 | N.N. by W. | 7-9
20 | +37 | +33.5 | +34.8 | W.N.W. | 10-11
21 | +45.5 | +33 | +37.66 | W. by N. S.E. | 9-6-5
22 | +40.5 | +32 | +35.1 | N. N.N.W. N.W. | 8-7
23 | +42 | +32.5 | +36.2 | W. N.W. | 6-4-2
24 | +46.5 | +33 | +38.73 | Calm. Vble. S.E. | 0-2
25 | +36.7 | +32.5 | +34.23 | E. by S. | 3-4
26 | +37 | +31.3 | +33.66 | E.S.E. E. by N. N.E.| 6-9
27 | +34.3 | +31 | +32.6 | N.W. W.N.W. | 10-11
28 | +34 | +31.5 | +32.83 | W. W. by N. W.N.W. | 9-8
29 | +37.3 | +33.7 | +35 | N.W. N.W. by W. | 10-8-0
30 | +41 | +32.3 | +35.6 | W.N.W. N.W. N. | 7-8
| | +----------+ |
| | | 942.51 | |
| | +----------+ |
| | | +31.38 | |
----+------------------+-----------------------------------------------
Day | Barometer and |
of | Thermometer |
Mon.| attached. | Remarks on the Weather, &c.
+--------+---------+
|_Barom._|_Thermo._|
----+--------+---------+-----------------------------------------------
1 | | |
2 | | |
3 | | | A strong gale.
4 | | |
5 | | |
6 | | |
7 | | |
8 | | |
9 | | |
10 | | | b. c. m. Arrived at the house from our journey
| | | at 8h. 20m. A.M. by watch, or 7h. 20m.
| | | true time.
11 | | | b. c.
12 | | | o. s.
13 | | | o. s.
14 | | | o. p. s.
15 | | | b. c. p. sleet.
15 | | | b. c.
17 | | | b. c. p. o. r. First rain this spring.
18 | | | o. r. o. f. o. r.
19 | | | s. o. r. o.
20 | 29.480 | +37 | p. r. b. c. b. c. p. r. b. c.
21 | 29.817 | +49 | b. c. q. o. r.
22 | 30.289 | +40 | o. b. c. p. s. Showers of snow and sleet during
| | | the night.
23 | 30.14 | +40.3 | o. b. c. Saw sun at midnight, lower limb
| | | touching the high ground.
24 | 30.147 | +46.5 | b. c.
25 | 30.04 | +40 | o. o. f. A few flakes of snow falling.
26 | 29.68 | +38.7 | o. s. o. w. s. Half inch of snow during the
| | | night. Wet snow.
27 | 29.273 | +37 | o. s. o. p. s. q. From 6 to 8 inches of snow
| | | during the night.
28 | 29.39 | +35.6 | b. c. q. o. s. q.
29 | 29.488 | +40 | o. p. s. q. b. c. q. b. c. p. s.
30 | 29.61 | +38 | o. s. b. c. p. s. q. b. c. p. r. q. Wet snow.
Fort Hope, Repulse Bay.
--_Abstract of Meteorological Journal for July, 1847_
------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------
Day | Temperature of the Atmosphere |
of | taken three times in | Prevailing winds
the | twenty-four-hours. |
Month.+------------+-----------+----------+----------------------+------
| _Highest._ | _Lowest._ | _Mean._ | _Direction._ |Force.
------+------------+-----------+----------+----------------------+------
| _deg.m._ | _deg.m._ | _deg.m._ | |
1 | +39 | +29.3 | +33.6 |N.N.W. N. by W. N. | 4-6
2 | +38 | +31.3 | +34.6 |N. N.W. by N. N.W. | 7-4
3 | +46.5 | +32 | +38.17 |W. Calm. | 7-6-0
4 | +35.5 | +33 | +34.1 |N.E. | 6-5-4
5 | +45.5 | +35 | +39.8 |W. | 5-3-6
6 | +46 | +34 | +39.17 |W.N.W. N. by W. Chble.| 7-0
7 | +49 | +38 | +43 |E. by S. S.E. Calm. | 2-4-0
8 | +51 | +35 | +42 |E. E.S.E. E. | 3-5-1
9 | +48.7 | +32.3 | +38.7 |N. Vble. E. | 5-2
10 | +41 | +35 | +37.17 |E.S.E. | 5-6
11 | +36 | +33 | +34.5 |E. by N. Calm. | 4-3-0
12 | +39.3 | +35 | +36.7 |N. N. by E. | 3-5-6
13 | +38 | +33.5 | +35.6 |N. by W. N. | 8-9
14 | +38 | +33.7 | +35.23 |N. | 9
15 | +42.5 | +34 | +37.2 |N. by W. | 9-10
16 | +39 | +35.3 | +37.7 |N. Calm. |10-7-0
17 | +46 | +36 | +42.5 |N.N.W. W. by N. | 8-5-3
18 | +43 | +35 | +39.5 |Vble. Calm. | 3-4-0
19 | +47.3 | +36 | +41.6 |N.W. | 5-6-3
20 | +55.5 | +41 | +46.9 |N.N.W. N.W. Calm. | 3-5-0
21 | +57 | +44 | +49.17 |N. Vble. N.N.W. | 4-1-3
22 | +47 | +40 | +42.5 |Calm. N.N.W. | 0-6-5
23 | +49.3 | +38.5 | +43.26 |N.N.W. N. N. by W. | 8-7-8
24 | +48 | +36.5 | +41.9 |N. N.W. by N. | 9-7-3
25 | +52 | +36 | +43.16 |N.W. Calm. | 6-4-0
26 | +43 | +38 | +40.2 |S.S.E. E.S.E. E. | 2-6
27 | +51.5 | +40 | +44.17 |N.E. Calm. | 5-3-0
28 | +60 | +45 | +51.8 |W. W.N.W. W. by S. | 2-3-2
29 | +53.5 | +47 | +50.2 |N. | 4-3-1
30 | +55 | +38.3 | +46.6 |W. by N. N. | 4-8-10
31 | +48 | +37.5 | +42.5 |N. by W. | 3-8-5
| | +----------+ |
| | | 1285.4 | |
| | +----------+ |
| | | +41.46 | |
----+----------------------+--------------------------------------------
Day | Barometer and |
of | Thermometer |
Mon.| attached. | Remarks on the Weather, &c.
+----------+-----------+
| _Barom._ | _Thermo._ |
----+----------+-----------+--------------------------------------------
1 | 29.786 | +39.83 | b. c. p.s. a little frost during the night.
2 | 29.838 | +35.5 | b. c.
3 | 29.986 | +46 | b. c. a beautiful night.
4 | 29.864 | +40.3 | o. p. o. f. p. r. o. sleet.
5 | 30.015 | +43 | b. c.
6 | 30.124 | +42 | b. c. b. c. q. Ther. at midnight +35 deg.;
| | | coat of ice on pools where there is snow.
7 | 30.216 | +49.5 | b. c.
8 | 30.185 | +46 | b. c.
9 | 30.216 | +40.3 | o. b. c. o.
10 | 30.024 | +42 | o. b. c. o.
11 | 29.828 | +42 | p. r. f. o. f. w. o. Heavy rain during
| | | the night; wet fog and showers of rain.
12 | 29.802 | +40 | o. f. p. r. o. w. f.
13 | 29.938 | +39 | o. f. p. r. o. f. o. p. r. q.
14 | 29.968 | +41.3 | r. o. b. c. o.
15 | 29.905 | +41.7 | o. b. c. o. r. A great quantity of water
| | | coming down N. Pole River this morning;
| | | sleet.
16 | 29.865 | +44.2 | p. w. s. q. o. s. b. c. Snow showers all
| | | night; ther. at 6 p.m. +45 deg.
17 | 29.902 | +47.2 | o. b. c. at 5 p.m. Ther. at +54 deg.
18 | | | b. c. b. c. o.
19 | 29.716 | +48 | b. c. q.
20 | 29.714 | +56 | b. c.
21 | 29.776 | +54.5 | b. c.
22 | 29.794 | +46.5 | o. b. c. p. r. b. c.
23 | 29.791 | +46 | d. r. b. c. p. r. b. c.
24 | 29.858 | +45.5 | b. c.
25 | 29.967 | +53 | b. c.
26 | 29.815 | +47.2 | b. c. b. c. q.
27 | 29.917 | +49 | b. c.
28 | 30.038 | +53.5 | b. c.
29 | 30.113 | +56.8 | b. c.
30 | 30.017 | +49 | b. c. p.r. The barometer fell some
| | | hundredths lower than when registered at
| | | 6 A.M., but immediately began to rise as
| | | soon as the wind changed to the north.
31 | 30.102 | +51.5 | b. c.
FORT HOPE, REPULSE BAY.
-- _Abstract of Meteorological Journal for August, 1847._
------+-----------------------------------+------------------------
Day | Temperature of the Atmosphere |
of | taken three times in | Prevailing Winds.
the | twenty-four hours. |
onth. +------------+-----------+----------+--------------+---------
| _Highest._ | _Lowest._ | _Mean._ | _Direction._ | _Force._
------+------------+-----------+----------+--------------+---------
| _deg.m._ | _deg.m._ | _deg.m._ | |
1 | +52 | +40 | +44.8 | N. | 4-6-3
2 | +56 | +40 | +47.7 | N.N.W. | 6-2-1
3 | +49 | +44.5 | +46.2 | N.W. N.N.W. | 6-7-5
4 | +41 | +34.7 | +36.9 | N.N.W. N. | 9-8
5 | +54 | +34 | +62.5 | N. N. by W. | 7-6-3
6 | +50 | +46.5 | +49.8 | Vble. W.S.W. | 3
7 | +59.3 | +43.5 | +49.3 | S.W. Calm. | 4-5-0
8 | +49.5 | +42 | +45.5 | Vble. N.W. | 1-2-6
9 | +44.5 | +37 | +39.83 | N. N.W. | 8-6-4
10 | +37.5 | +35 | | N. | 9-10-8
----+----------------------+--------------------------------------------
Day| Barometer and |
of | Thermometer |
the| attached. | Remarks on the Weather, &c.
mont+----------+-----------+
| _Barom._ | _Thermo._ |
----+----------+-----------+--------------------------------------------
1 | 30.054 | +56 | b. c.
2 | 30.057 | +56.5 | b. c.
3 | 30.051 | +48.5 | b. c. q. p. r.; at 5 P.M. a heavy squall
| | | and showers of rain.
4 | 29.93 | +41.5 | b. c. q. p. s.
5 | 30.169 | +46.5 | b. c.; frost last night.
6 | 30.124 | +54 | b. c. Ther. at 5 P.M. +62 deg.--; all the
| | | large and deep lakes still covered with
| | | ice.
7 | 30.035 | +61 | b. c. q.
8 | 29.806 | +54 | o. p. r.
9 | 29.882 | +47 | b. c. q.
10 | 29.732 | +43 | o. r. s. s. b. c.
_Figures and Letters used for denoting the state of the
Weather and the force of the Wind, as recommended by
Captain (now Admiral) Beaufort._
0--Calm.
1--Light air.
2--Light breeze.
3--Gentle breeze.
4--Moderate breeze.
5--Fresh breeze.
6--Strong breeze.
7--Moderate gale.
8--Fresh gale.
9--Strong gale.
10--Whole gale.
11--Storm.
12--Hurricane.
b.--Blue sky.
c.--Cloudy.
d.--Drizzling rain.
f.--Foggy.
g.--Gloomy dark weather.
h.--Hail
l.--Lightning
m.--Misty hazy atmosphere.
o.--Overcast.
p.--Passing temporary showers.
q.--Squally.
r.--Rain--continued rain.
s.--Snow.
t.--Thunder.
u.--Ugly, threatening appearance of the weather.
v.--Visibility of distant objects whether the sky be cloudy or not.
w.--Wet dew.
. --Under any letter indicates an extraordinary degree.
MARCHANT SINGER & CO., PRINTERS, INGRAM-COURT, FENCHURCH-STREET
LIBRARY OF
AUSTRALIAN TRAVELS, &c.
PUBLISHED BY T. AND W. BOONE,
29, NEW BOND STREET.
Now ready, in 2 vols. 8vo. with numerous Plates, some coloured,
NARRATIVE OF AN EXPEDITION
INTO
CENTRAL AUSTRALIA,
BY ORDER OF HER MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT,
DURING THE YEARS 1844, 5, 6,
With Notices of the Colony of South Australia.
BY CAPTAIN CHARLES STURT,
LATE 39TH REGT.
COLONIAL TREASURER, AND
AUTHOR OF "TWO EXPEDITIONS INTO SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA."
The character of the far Interior of Australia had long been a most
interesting geographical problem, many imagining the centre to be
occupied by a large inland sea, others conjecturing that it was an arid
desert, which opinion was further strengthened by Mr. Eyre's
unsuccessful endeavour to penetrate higher than the 29th degree of
latitude in his expedition during the years 1840 and 1. Captain Sturt,
so appropriately denominated the "Father of Australian Discovery," in
consequence of being the first traveller to explore the rivers Murray,
Murrumbidgee, Bogan, and Castlereagh, volunteered to conduct a party
into the interior to determine this important question. With the
approbation of Lord Stanley, the Colonial Minister, he accordingly
started in the year 1844, and, after a series of unparalleled
privations, succeeded in reaching the centre of the Continent in a line
direct north of Adelaide. The journal of this perilous Expedition gives
an account of the remarkable Stony Desert, the bed of Lake Torrens,
descriptions of the Natives and their villages, and the discovery of
several small rivers, &c.; added to which, his observations and
collections on the Natural History have since been arranged by R. Brown,
Esq. and J. Gould, Esq. in the form of an Appendix.
"The details of this romantic and perilous Expedition are replete with
interest. From the numerous and lengthened expeditions he has
undertaken, and the general intelligence and scientific skill he brings
to bear upon the question, we know of no recent traveller in Australia
whose opinions are entitled to more weight.--The portion of the work
which refers to the Colony of South Australia is particularly valuable
to intending emigrants."--_Morning Herald._
JOURNALS OF EXPEDITIONS OF DISCOVERY
IN
NORTH-WEST AND WESTERN AUSTRALIA,
DURING THE YEARS 1837, 1838, and 1839,
Under the Authority of her Majesty's Government.
With Observations on the Agricultural and Commercial Capabilities
and Prospects of several newly-explored fertile Regions, including
AUSTRALIND,
and on the Moral and Physical Condition of the Aboriginal
Inhabitants, &c. &c.
BY GEORGE GREY, ESQ., LATE CAPTAIN 83RD REGT.
FORMERLY GOVERNOR OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA, NOW GOVERNOR OF NEW ZEALAND.
_With Two large Maps by J. Arrowsmith, and numerous Illustrations,
some coloured, in 2 vols. 8vo._
"It is not with the slightest hope of satisfying curiosity, or to
anticipate the interest which the public in general, and geographers
especially, always feel in enterprises of this nature, but merely to
give such a sketch of the principal features of the expedition us may
serve to direct those who are desirous of obtaining information
respecting a portion of this remarkable country--hitherto only visited
by Tasman, Dampier, Baudin, and King, and never before, we believe,
penetrated by an European--to look forward to the detailed journals of
the spirited officers who had the conduct of the expedition."
--_From Geographical Transactions._
A great portion of the country described in this Journal has never
before been visited by any European. The Eastern coast of Short's Bay
was for the first time seen and explored during the progress of these
expeditions.
"We have rarely seen a more interesting book; it is full of splendid
description and startling personal adventure; written in a plain, manly,
unaffected style."--_Examiner._
"It is impossible to have perused these highly interesting and important
volumes without being inspired with feelings of warm admiration for the
indomitable perseverance and heroical self-devotion of their gallant and
enterprising author. Setting aside the vastly important results of
Captain Grey's several expeditions, it is hardly possible to conceive
narratives of more stirring interest than those of which his volumes are
for the most part composed."--_United Service Gazette._
"We have not read such a work of Travels for many years; it unites the
interest of a romance with the permanent qualities of an historical and
scientific treatise."--_Atlas._
"We recommend our readers to the volumes of Captain Grey, assuring them
they will derive both amusement and instruction from the
perusal."--_Times._
"This is a work deserving high praise. As a book of Travels it is one of
the most interesting we remember to have met with."--_Westminster
Review._
"A book which should be in every lending library and book-club."
--_Englishman's Magazine._
"The contents of these interesting volumes will richly repay an
attentive perusal."
--_Emigration Gazette._
"These narratives are replete with interest, and blend information and
amusement in a very happy manner."--_Australian Magazine._
Just published, in 1 vol. 8vo. with Plates and Woodcuts,
JOURNAL
OF AN
OVERLAND EXPEDITION IN AUSTRALIA,
FROM
MORETON BAY TO PORT ESSINGTON.
_A distance of upwards of 3000 miles._
BY DR. LUDWIG LEICHHARDT.
N.B. A large 3 sheet Map of the Route by J. Arrowsmith is published, and
to be had separately in a Case, price 9_s._
OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.
"A work of unquestionable merit and utility, and its author's name will
justly stand high upon the honourable list of able and enterprising men,
whose courage, perseverance, and literary abilities have contributed so
largely to our knowledge of the geography and productions of our distant
southern colonies."--_Blackwood's Mag._
"For the courage with which this lengthened and perilous journey was
undertaken, the skill with which it was directed, and the perseverance
with which it was performed, it is almost unrivalled in the annals of
exploring enterprise. It richly deserves attention."--_Britannia._
"The narrative in which he relates the results of this remarkable
journey, and the extraordinary fatigues and privations endured by
himself and his fellow travellers, is not merely valuable for its facts,
but full of absorbing interest as a journal of perilous
adventures."--_Atlas._
"The volume before us comprises the narrative of one of the most
remarkable enterprises ever planned by man's sagacity and executed by
man's courage and endurance. To our minds there is in every point of
view an inexpressible charm in such a book as this. It not merely
narrates to us the opening of a new material world for human enterprise
and scientific investigation, but it makes more clearly known to us the
wondrous powers and capacities of human nature. We recommend it to our
readers as a work scarcely less remarkable for the extraordinary
enterprise recorded in it, than for the simplicity and modesty with
which it is related."--_Morning Herald._
"The result of his enterprise was thoroughly successful. It has added
not a little to our existing stock of knowledge in the various
departments of natural history, and has made discovery in districts
before untrodden, of an almost boundless extent of fertile
country."--_Examiner._
"The most striking feature in the expedition is its successful
accomplishment, which is of itself sufficient to place Dr. L. in the
first rank of travellers. How much Dr. L. has added to geographical
discovery can only be felt by an examination of the admirable maps which
accompany the volume. These have been deduced on a large scale from the
traveller's sketches by Mr. Arrowsmith, and engraved with a distinctness
of execution, and a brief fulness of descriptive remark which leave
nothing to be desired."--_Spectator._
_Lately published, in 2 vols. 8vo. cloth, with 8 Maps and Charts,
and 57 Illustrations_
BY COMMAND OF THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF THE ADMIRALTY.
DISCOVERIES IN AUSTRALIA
OF THE
VICTORIA, ADELAIDE, ALBERT, AND FITZROY RIVERS,
AND EXPEDITIONS INTO THE INTERIOR;
DURING THE
VOYAGE OF H.M.S. BEAGLE,
BETWEEN THE YEARS 1837 AND 1843: ALSO
A NARRATIVE OF THE VISITS OF H.M.S. BRITOMART,
COMMANDER OWEN STANLEY, R.N., F.R.S.
_TO THE ISLANDS IN THE ARAFURA SEA_.
BY CAPT. J. LORT STOKES, R.N.
"The whole narrative is so captivating, that we expect to find the work
as much in demand at circulating libraries as at institutions of graver
pretensions."--_Colon. Gaz._
"We have to thank Capt. Stokes for a most valuable work, one that will
place his name by the side of Vancouver, Tasman, Dampier, and
Cook."--_New Quar. Review._
"The science of Navigation owes a deep debt to Captain Stokes. The
information contained in the present volumes must render them an
invaluable companion to any ship performing a voyage to that part of the
world."--_Foreign Quarterly Review._
"Every part of it is full of matter, both for the general and scientific
reader. With the acts of throwing the lead, taking angles, &c. lively
anecdotes and pleasing ideas are constantly associated, so that we very
much doubt whether any reader will lay aside the book, large as it is,
without regret. In some parts you have all the breathless excitement of
a voyage of discovery, and sail up new rivers, and explore new lands,
while elsewhere your thoughts are directed to the tracks of commerce and
political speculation. Altogether the work is a charming specimen of
nautical literature, written in a pure, flexible, terse, and elegant
style, and bespeaks everywhere in the author a mind endued with very
high moral and intellectual qualities."--_Fraser's Mag._
"While these volumes must prove of great value to the maritime
profession, to the geographer, and to emigrants, they cannot fail to be
perused with interest by readers in general."--_Athenaeum._
"We cannot, in noticing these two ably written and interesting volumes,
insist too strongly upon their importance alike to the mariner, the
geographer, and the general reader. The author is a man of considerable
merit, a shrewd observer of men and things, and who was fitted by nature
and inclination to conduct these researches into the vast unknown
continent whither he proceeded with enterprise and spirit. These volumes
contain a fund of interesting matter, and we warmly recommend this
valuable addition to our literary and scientific stores to the attention
of the public."--_Sentinel._
"The contents of these volumes, rich, varied and full of interest, will
be their best recommendation. For scientific accuracy, they will be
highly valued by the geographer and navigator, while they will be read
for mere amusement by the public at large."--_Sunday Times._
THE EASTERN ARCHIPELAGO.
_By Permission of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty._
Now ready, in 2 vols. 8vo. with numerous Maps, Plates, and Woodcuts,
NARRATIVE
OF THE
SURVEYING VOYAGE OF H.M.S. FLY,
UNDER THE COMMAND OF
CAPTAIN BLACKWOOD, R. N.
IN TORRES STRAIT, NEW GUINEA, AND OTHER ISLANDS
IN THE EASTERN ARCHIPELAGO;
TOGETHER
WITH AN EXCURSION INTO THE INTERIOR
OF THE
EASTERN PART OF THE ISLAND OF JAVA,
DURING THE YEARS 1842 TO 1846.
BY J. BEETE JUKES, M. A.
NATURALIST TO THE EXPEDITION.
OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.
"We must congratulate Mr. Jukes on the value of his publication.
Scientific without being abstruse, and picturesque without being
extravagant, he has made his volumes a striking and graceful addition to
our knowledge of countries highly interesting in themselves, and
assuming hourly importance in the eyes of the people of
England."--_Blackwood's Magazine._
"To transcribe the title-page of this book is sufficient to attract
public curiosity towards it--to peruse the book itself is to be rewarded
with the knowledge of a mass of information in which complete confidence
can be reposed, for, from the first page to the last, it is apparent
that the main object with Mr. Jukes is to tell all that he knows and
believes to be true, rather than to win favour from his readers by his
manner of telling it. There is not a pretty phrase, an exaggeration, nor
an invention in the two volumes of Mr. Jukes; all is plain unadorned
fact, and because it is so, is deserving, not merely of perusal, but of
study. Such are the recommendations of Mr. Jukes' pages to the public,
and all who desire to see truth united with novelty will peruse
them."--_Morning Herald._
"Mr. Jukes has been most judicious in his selection of topics whereon to
dwell in his narrative, and he describes with great vivacity and
picturesque power. There is much novelty and freshness in his book, and
much valuable information."--_Daily News._
"There are very few pages in the work which are not readable and
entertaining."--_Morning Post._
"Captain Blackwood having waived his right of authorship, the narrative
of the voyage has been undertaken by Mr. Jukes, favourably known by an
agreeable and informing book on Newfoundland, nor will the present work
detract from his reputation. The narrative is well planned, pleasantly
written, and full of matter."--_Spectator._
"A great deal was seen, and Geography, Topography, Geology, Natural
History, Ethnology, Philology, and Commerce may all be benefited by the
work before us."--_Literary Gazette._
"Mr. Jukes has performed his portion of the work with great ability,
sparing no pains in the working up of his abundant material, so as to
make it a book of science, as well as a book of amusement."--_Critic._
"Although a professed man of science, he has described what he saw in a
lucid and untechnical manner, so that his work will be found interesting
to the ordinary reader, while it is equally valuable to the scientific.
The amount of information conveyed is very great."--_Midland Herald._
In 3 vols. 8vo. with Maps and numerous Plates,
JOURNALS OF EXPEDITIONS OF DISCOVERY
INTO
CENTRAL AUSTRALIA,
AND
OVERLAND FROM ADELAIDE TO KING GEORGE'S SOUND,
IN THE YEARS 1840-1;
_Sent by the Colonists of South Australia_,
WITH THE SANCTION AND SUPPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT:
INCLUDING
An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Aborigines, and the
state of their relations with Europeans.
BY EDWARD JOHN EYRE,
RESIDENT MAGISTRATE, MURRAY RIVER, NOW LIEUT.-GOVERNOR OF NEW ZEALAND.
*** _The Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society was awarded
to Mr. Eyre for the discovery of Lake Torrens, and explorations of far
greater extent in Australia than any other traveller, a large portion
never having been previously traversed by civilized man._
"His narrative of what he did and overcame, is more like the stirring
stories of Park and Bruce than the tame and bookish diffuseness of
modern travellers. Nothing short of a perusal of the volumes can enable
our readers to appreciate this book."--_Spectator._
"We might easily extract much more from Mr. Eyre's volumes of interest
to the reader, but our limits circumscribe us. We therefore bid farewell
to them, with the recommendation to the public, not to overlook a work
which, though it records the failure of a great enterprize, is yet full
of matter, which proclaims it of value."--_Atlas._
"Mr. Eyre writes with the plain unaffected earnestness of the best of
the old travellers."--_Examiner._
"An intensely interesting book."--_Tablet._
"We must now close these interesting volumes, not, however, without
expressing our high approval both of the matter they contain, and of the
manner of their compilation. We rise from the perusal of them with a
feeling similar to that which follows the enjoyment of a pleasant work
of fiction."--_Critic._
In 1 vol. 8vo. cloth, with large Map by Arrowsmith, and numerous
Illustrations,
SOUTH AUSTRALIA AND ITS MINES,
_With an Historical Sketch of the Colony, under its several
Administrations, to the Period of Captain Grey's Departure_.
BY FRANCIS DUTTON.
"The best work which has yet issued from the press, descriptive of the
resources and management of this thriving colony."--_Mining Journal._
"We have here a well-timed book. South Australia and Its Mines are now
objects of great interest; and Mr. Dutton's plain, unadorned recital,
contains just what the intending emigrant, or the mercantile inquirer,
will rejoice at having placed within his reach."--_Colonial Gazette._
COLONIZATION;
PARTICULARLY IN SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA,
WITH SOME REMARKS ON SMALL FARMS AND OVER POPULATION.
BY MAJOR-GENERAL SIR CHARLES JAMES NAPIER, K.C.B.
Author of "The Colonies; particularly the Ionian Islands"
In 1 vol. 8vo. price 7_s._ boards.
"We earnestly recommend the book to all who feel an interest in the
welfare of the people."--_Sun._
_In 1 vol. post 8vo. price 5s. 6d._
HINTS FOR AUSTRALIAN EMIGRANTS,
WITH
ENGRAVINGS AND EXPLANATORY DESCRIPTIONS
OF THE WATER RAISING WHEELS,
AND MODES OF IRRIGATING LAND IN SYRIA, EGYPT, SOUTH AMERICA, ETC.
BY PETER CUNNINGHAM,
SURGEON, R.N.
_Author of "Two Years in New South Wales," &c._
"The mere name of Mr. Cunningham affords an ample guarantee for the
value of any work to which it may be prefixed; and, "to all whom it may
concern," we can confidently recommend this remarkably neat little
volume as replete with practical information. Its numerous illustrative
engravings in wood are executed in a very superior style."--_Naval and
Military Gazette, October 23rd, 1841._
In 1 vol. 8vo. Map and Plates, cloth, price 12_s._
AUSTRALIA,
FROM PORT MACQUARIE TO MORETON BAY,
WITH
_Descriptions of the Natives, their Manners and Customs, the Geology,
Natural Productions, Fertility, and Resources of that Region_.
First explored and surveyed by order of the Colonial Government.
BY CLEMENT HODGKINSON.
"The work before our consideration contains certain details connected
with the portion of Australia, described in it, which will prove of
first-rate importance to the colonist and emigrant, since they are
evidently derived from practical experience. Throughout this
unpretending little work we trace great honesty of purpose, and a
disposition to state no more than the bare facts as they presented
themselves."--_New Quarterly Review._
_Just published, in 2 vols. 8vo. with a large Map_,
AN HISTORICAL,
POLITICAL, AND STATISTICAL ACCOUNT
OF THE
ISLAND OF CEYLON.
BY CHARLES PRIDHAM, ESQ.
AUTHOR OF
"THE MAURITIUS AND ITS DEPENDENCIES."
"----All these events will be found fully set forth in the volumes under
notice, which are certainly far superior as a history of Ceylon to any
other that has yet appeared. The reader will also find in these pages
curious and original information respecting the habits, manners and
customs of the Cingalese, which he may look for in vain in similar
publications. Every portion of this valuable work teems with information
of a precise and important character."--_Observer._
"Those who seek information on the subject of Ceylon, will find his book
a great storehouse of facts."--_Economist._
JUST PUBLISHED,
A SERIES OF TEN COLOURED VIEWS,
TAKEN DURING THE ARCTIC EXPEDITION OF HER MAJESTY'S SHIPS
ENTERPRISE and INVESTIGATOR,
UNDER THE COMMAND OF
CAPTN. SIR JAMES C. ROSS, KT. F. R. S.,
IN SEARCH OF
CAPTN. SIR JOHN FRANKLIN, KT. K.C.H.,
=Drawn by Lieut. W. H. BROWNE=, R.N.
LATE OF H. M. S. ENTERPRISE,
With a Summary of the Arctic Expeditions in search of Sir John
Franklin.
Dedicated, by Special Permission,
TO THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF THE ADMIRALTY.
Price, in a Cover 16s.
Handsomely bound 21s.
LONDON.
ACKERMANN & CO., 96, STRAND,
By Appointment to H. M. THE QUEEN, H. R. H. PRINCE ALBERT,
H. R. H. THE DUCHESS OF KENT, and the ROYAL FAMILY.
OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.
----The extreme interest evinced by the public would be likely to secure
a welcome for these views if their execution had been less felicitous
than it is. The Party arriving at the Southern Depot is fearfully
grand.----ATHENAEUM.
----Such are these ten extraordinary views; revealing scenes which are
enough to appal the stoutest hearts. We seem to ask of these mountains
of thick-ribbed ice "are our countrymen hidden from us by your fantastic
forms?" &c.----LITERARY GAZETTE.
----We do not remember ever being so powerfully impressed with the
sublimity of portfolio drawings as with some of these views of the _icy
Polar Regions_ of the trackless North.----UNITED SERVICE GAZETTE.
----We do not speak of it as a work of art merely, but of the evident
truth of delineation, of local colouring, and atmospheric
effects.----GLOBE.
----This is a work which will no doubt meet with general
patronage--giving a vivid idea of the frozen regions.----BELL'S LIFE.
----Ten of the most interesting views which scenery can
furnish.----ATLAS.
----Perhaps the most attractive, as well as most effective, is _Noon in
Mid-Winter_, and conveys the most solemn notions of the _Polar Regions_.
This portfolio is the novelty of the season.----CRITIC.
[Illustration:
DISCOVERIES OF THE
HON^{BLE}. HUDSON'S BAY CO^S. ARCTIC EXPEDITION
TO THE NORTH OF REPULSE BAY;
Conducted by JOHN RAE ESQ^R. 1846 & 1847;
Shewing in connection, the Discoveries made by
PARRY, ROSS, BACK,
& the Hon^{ble}. Company's Expedition Conducted by
DEASE & SIMPSON 1838-1839.
_Adjusted & Drawn by_
John Arrowsmith
_London, Pub^d. Jan^y. 1^{st}. 1848, by John Arrowsmith, 10 Soho
Square._
_Discoveries of The Hon^{ble}. Hudson's Bay Co^s. Expeditions
are Col^d._ _Red_
_D^o._ _of Sir Edward Parry_ _Purple_
_D^o._ _of Sir John Ross_ _Yellow_
_D^o._ _of Sir George Back_ _Green_]
* * * * * *
Transcriber's note:
Obvious punctuation errors were corrected.
Hyphen removed: a[-]head (p. 25), along[-]shore (p. 11), lime[-]stone
(pp. 107, 127).
Hyphen added: snow[-]drift (pp. 160, 166).
The following words appear with and without hyphens with similar
frequency and have not been changed: Chief[-]Factor, day[-]light,
foot[-]marks, in[-]doors, rein[-]deer.
Native names have not been changed and appear with inconsistent
hyphenation.
Chapter V contents: "North-pole" changed to "North Pole".
Pp. vi, 61: "chace" changed to "chase" (Produce of the chase).
P. viii: "CHAP. VIII" changed to "CHAPTER VIII".
P. 11: "Canada mithatch" changed to "Canada nuthatch".
P. 17: "excursons" changed to "excursions" (by making excursions).
P. 30: "direcrection" changed to "direction" (east and west direction).
P. 66: "Ivitchuck" changed to "Ivitchuk".
P. 68: "lide" changed to "line" (line of declination).
P. 113: added "to" (next to my skin).
P. 136: "threugh" changed to "through" (the late journey safety
through).
P. 163: "dissappeared" changed to "disappeared" (in many places,
entirely disappeared).
P. 201: "fluffly" changed to "fluffy" (much shorter and less fluffy).
P. 202: "Seiurius" changed to "Seiurus".
P. 209: "p." inserted before "200" in item 56.
Pp. 218-223: The table entitled "Dip of the needle and force of magnetic
attraction..." was reformatted and abbreviations were used to fit within
a reasonable width.
Pp. 224-247: Each pair of pages is one table but the two pages are
presented one after the other. An additional column with the days of the
month has been added to the second page of each pair.
P. 231: "Speculae" changed to "Spiculae" (Spiculae of snow falling).
P. 235: The digits in the seventh entry are missing.
P. 239: word following "colourless" is missing.
Ad p. 4: "57 Illustration" changed to "57 Illustrations".
Ad p. 5: "thau" changed to "than" (rather than to win favour).