THE PODIATRIST’S OFFICE
The equipment of an office of a professional man or woman, whether
it be the surgeon, the dentist, the podiatrist or any other of the
practitioners of the allied branches of medicine, cannot be set to an
absolute standard. There are several factors that govern variations,
one from the other, among which are considerations of finance and the
amount of available space. Regardless of these differences, however,
certain fundamental principles must be observed in equipping such
an office, and these depend upon two cardinal requirements: (1)
cleanliness, and (2) the comfort of the patient. Such an office must
be fitted out with the laws of asepsis and antisepsis ever in mind,
otherwise it will prove unsafe for the treatment of patients whose feet
require surgical attention. Again, the patient must feel at ease while
being treated, or revisits will be scarce.
There are other and secondary standards which should be considered
among which is the appeal to the eye. First impressions often are
lasting ones, and an office which makes a favorable impression will
help attract patients. One often hears the thoughtless layman express
himself, “Go to Dr. Blank for treatment, he has a beautiful office.” So
it often occurs that a professional person is judged by the equipment
in his office, and the effects of such an impression should be
considered.
=The Waiting Room.= The waiting or reception room should be furnished
with chairs upholstered in leather or made of solid wood. In waiting
rooms in which many patients must wait at the same time, and space is
valuable, smaller chairs with cane seats are very useful. The table
should be of polished wood, covered with a plate glass top. The wood
work of the room itself should be white, and the walls should be
painted in preference to being papered. Buff is a pleasing color to the
eye, and readily matches all kinds of furniture. The floor should be of
hard wood, and may be covered by linoleum or rugs. Carpets should not
be tolerated, as they are dirty; and even though frequently swept, they
become the repositories of dust and of germs.
=The Operating Room.= The operating room must be scrupulously clean.
As a white background best shows dirt spots, that should prevail in
furniture and in decorations. A door, either of glass and wood or
entirely of wood, should separate the reception room and the operating
room; if hangings must be used, they should be of some washable, white
material, that can be readily changed. The floor should be of tile,
marble or stone; if these materials are not available, hard wood
floors, well polished, are permissible. No covering of any kind should
be used for the floor of this room. The ceilings and walls should be
painted white, and the wood work should be enameled the same color.
Tile or marble walls are preferable to plaster or wood. No curtains
should be used on windows or doors, and if necessary the glass can be
frosted to secure privacy. A wash basin, with running hot and cold
water, should be in the operating room, and the valves should be
controlled by foot levers in preference to hand faucets.
To summarize, everything in the operating room should be of such a
character as to make it possible to wash it daily with soap and water.
Nooks and corners that tend to collect dust and dirt must be thoroughly
cleaned, bearing in mind that disease-producing bacteria will not grow,
unless a breeding place be provided for them. Wall pictures and their
frames should be selected with a view to having them equally sanitary.
=The Equipment.= The equipment of a modern office is divided into three
classes: (1) the furniture, which, when bought, is permanent; (2) the
instruments; and (3) the supplies, which are replenished from time to
time as they are exhausted.
Furniture should consist of the following in the order of their
importance:
Sterilizer
Operating Chair and Stool
Cabinet
Glass-Top Table
Drill
High Frequency Machine
Air Compressor
Galvanic Machine
Wall Cabinet and Extra Accessories.
The authors are not interested in the wares of any manufacturer, and
any equipment that is efficient and well made will answer the purposes
of the podiatrist. There are many styles of chairs, cabinets, electric
machines, etc., on the market and the selection of such furniture and
equipment rests with the finances and the taste of the individual.
Chairs should be roomy and have a suitable rest for the patient’s back
and head. The foot rest should be adjustable and so arranged that the
patient’s foot is made comfortable, regardless of the position in which
it is held. This part of the chair is very important, as upon it often
depends the result of the podiatrist’s work. If the foot and leg are
held so that the patient is uncomfortable or so that muscular cramps
are the result, both patient and operator are at a disadvantage which
it is difficult to overcome.
There are two types of foot-rests on the market which have proven
efficient. One gives support along the entire length of the leg and
allows the foot to hang free at the end, and the other gives support
at the foot proper and is so arranged that it gives this support no
matter in what position the foot be held. The chair itself should be so
constructed that no matter how the weight of the patient’s body may be
distributed, the chair will remain firm, with no danger of spilling
its occupant. It is on this account that a chair with a heavy metal
base or with heavy spreading legs is best. When the chair is placed in
a horizontal position so that the patient is prone, it should be as
firm as with the patient in a sitting posture. The stool should match
the chair and should be adjustable.
The cabinet is the most important part of the podiatrist’s equipment
from an aseptic standpoint, for therein are kept the instruments,
dressings, drugs, etc. There are many styles and shapes from which to
select, but only those that afford proper protection from dust and
dirt should be considered. Drawers should be provided for bandages and
dressings, and one drawer should be divided into compartments for the
various sized shields. This adds to the neatness as well as to the
efficiency of the cabinet. Special movable racks which fit into shallow
drawers should be provided for the instruments, so that, if necessary,
they may be collectively removed, thus avoiding the need for handling
each instrument separately. Instrument compartments of this type should
be so made that the blades of the various instruments are suspended
in the air; moreover such racks and drawers are easily cleaned. Drugs
should be kept in special compartments provided with glass doors,
or, if the cabinet has no such provision, the bottles should fit in
metallic clamps arranged in the rear of the top of the cabinet. Glass
tops on the cabinets are best for they are easily cleaned, but white
enameled metal tops are quite as good. The towels should be kept in a
compartment of the sterilizer, otherwise in a special compartment in
the cabinet, one having a glass door being preferred.
Sterilizers may be heated by gas or electricity and when boiling water
is not available, even formaldehyde gas is better than nothing for
sterilizing purposes. The sterilizer, a necessity and not an ornament,
should be cleaned and polished and the water should be changed daily.
Unfortunately in the past, practitioners of podiatry did not use the
sterilizer with regularity, and one could enter many of these offices
and not even find such a contrivance. This state of affairs, however,
is becoming a memory because the practitioner, as well as the public,
has learned the importance of asepsis and antisepsis. The podiatrist
who fails to observe the needs of this dispensation is unworthy of the
title he bears.
The sterilizer should be kept on a white enameled table with a
detachable metal top, so that boiling water or hot instruments will
cause no damage to it, as might occur on a glass-topped table. This
table should have a glass shelf below, on which may be kept additional
remedial agents for which there is no room in the cabinet.
The surgical drill or rotary file is a valuable asset to the podiatrist
in treating the nails, and should be a part of the equipment. There are
several makes of rotary files, all with the same fundamental structure.
The motors and cables are of one type, and are held either by a wall
bracket or suspended upon a metal hook, resting on a metal pedestal.
When the instrument is kept in only one operating room, the former type
is sufficient, but when the drill is moved from one room to another,
the latter style is necessary.
Other accessories in the office, such as an air compressor, high
frequency coil, galvanic machine, wall cabinet, etc., should be
selected with care as to quality, and with judgment as to their
harmonizing with the other equipment. If space allows, all of these
accessories are desirable because useful, but when quarters are
contracted, care must be taken in arranging the paraphernalia that the
effect is not such as to give the patient the impression that he is in
a podiatry supply shop.
“Cleanliness is next to Godliness,” should be the slogan of every
practitioner of medicine in any and in all of its collateral branches
and the manner in which he conducts his office should be evidence that
such is the belief and the practice of every podiatrist.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] The District of Columbia has now a similar law, passed since the
above was written. Ernest Stanaback, former President of the N. A.
C., and Harry P. Kenison, the present President of the N. A. C., were
potent factors in procuring most of the legislation in the above states.
[2] Podiatrists are advised to refrain from using cocaine on account of
its dangers.
[3] Hypodermic and hypodermatic are synonymous terms although medical
lexicographers, as a rule, give preference to the latter.
[4] _Apothesine_ (Parke Davis & Co.) is a new synthetic preparation
of definite chemical composition. It is ¹⁄₈ as toxic as cocaine, is
very soluble in water and alcohol, and may be sterilized by boiling
for five or ten minutes. It is used in a one per cent. solution and
came into favor during the war, by reason of the scarcity of cocaine
and novocaine. Apothesine is not a habit-forming drug and is therefore
easily obtainable. At The First Institute of Podiatry this preparation
and novocaine are almost exclusively used for producing local
anesthesias.
[5] Apothesine, lately introduced, is proving efficacious and reliable
(see page 148).
[6] These experiments were carried on at The First Institute of
Podiatry under the direction of Monroe Redell and W. H. A. Fletcher,
clinicians, and on the suggestion of Dr. F. Oefele.
[7] (Capt. V. N. Sorapure, R. A. M. C., who has lectured to the
students of The First Institute of Podiatry, has contributed to the
literature on this subject; see Journal of the A. M. A., July 6, 1918).
GLOSSARY
A
=a-, an.= A prefix conveying a negative meaning--without, not, away
from.
=aa.= A sign used in prescription writing to indicate equal parts of
each ingredient so designated.
=ab.= A prefix signifying from, away from, off.
=abdominal.= Relating to the abdomen or belly.
=abduction.= Rotation of the foot outward.
=abnormal.= Not normal, contrary to the rule or type; irregular.
=aboriginal.= Primitive, existing from the beginning.
=abrasion.= A circumscribed removal of the epidermis of skin or mucous
membrane.
=abscess.= A circumscribed cavity in the tissues containing pus.
=absorption.= The taking into the tissues, through the medium of the
lymphatics or blood vessels, of any material in suitable form.
=acetanilid.= An analgesic made from aniline by treating it with acetyl
chloride.
=acetic.= Relating to vinegar; acid.
=acid.= A chemical compound containing replacible hydrogen, having a
sour taste, and neutralizing a base to form a salt and water.
=acidum.= Acid.
=a.= Aceticum, acetic acid; useful as a counter-irritant.
=a.= aceticum glaciale, glacial acetic acid; employed
externally as a caustic.
=a.= boricum, boric acid; dusting powder, antiseptic.
=a.= carbolicum, carbolic acid, phenol; antiseptic.
=a.= chromicum, chromic acid; caustic.
=a.= dichloraceticum, dichloracetic acid; caustic.
=a.= hydrochloricum, hydrochloric acid; escharotic.
=a.= iodicum, a white crystalline powder; antiseptic and
deodorant.
=a.= monochloraceticum, a white deliquescent powder; caustic.
=a.= nitricum, nitric acid; caustic.
=a.= nitricum fumans, fuming nitric acid; caustic.
=a.= nitrohydrochloricum; a fusing corrosive liquid; caustic.
=a.= salicylicum, salicylic acid; disintegrant.
=a.= sulphocarbolicum, sozolic acid; antiseptic and
disinfectant.
=a.= sulphuricum, sulphuric acid, oil of vitriol; caustic.
=a.= tannicicum, tannic acid, astringent.
=a.= trichloraceticum, trichloracetic acid; caustic.
=acquired.= Noting a disease which is not congenital but has taken
possession of one at some period after birth.
=actinic.= Relating to chemically active rays.
=actinotherapy.= The treatment of disease by radiant energy.
=acute.= Of short and sharp duration, not chronic; said of a disease.
=adduction.= Rotation of the foot inward.
=adhesive.= Sticky; causing adhesion.
=adipose.= Fatty; relating to fat.
=adjacent.= Next to; along side of.
=adjuvants.= Agents added to a prescription to assist or increase the
action of the main ingredient.
=adolescents.= Youths, those between the ages of puberty and the
attainment of full growth.
=adrenalin.= A principle obtained from the suprarenal glands having
marked astringent and hemostatic powers.
=agar.= A gelatinous substance prepared from seaweed, and used as a
base for culture media.
=agent.= Anything which produces an effect upon the organism.
=agnail.= Hangnail, whitlow.
=albumin.= A protein contained in the tissues of plants and animals.
=albuminous.= Containing or consisting of albumin.
=albuminuria.= The presence of albumin in the urine as voided.
=alcohol.= One of a series of organic compounds, especially one whose
formula is C_{2}H_{5}OH, and called ethyl alcohol.
=algia.= A suffix indicating pain. (Exam. metatarsalgia--pain in the
metatarsals).
=alignment.= Alinement; the act of bringing into line.
=alkaline.= Relating to an alkali; having the reaction of an alkali.
=alkaloid.= A basic substance found in plants, usually constituting the
active principle of the crude drug.
=alum.= A double sulphate of aluminum; burnt a. alumen exsiccatum.
=aluminum chloride.= A substance used as an astringent in hyperidrosis
and bromidrosis.
=alypin.= A crystalline powder used as a local anesthetic.
=ammoniated mercury.= See unguentum, hydrarg, amm.
=ampere.= The unit of strength of an electric current.
=amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.= A form of progressive muscular atrophy
with increased reflexes due to hardening of the lateral columns of the
spinal cord.
=anærobe.= A microorganism which thrives best or only when deprived of
oxygen.
=analgesic.= An agent which causes analgesia or freedom from pain.
=anastomose.= To open one into the other directly or by connecting
channels; said of blood vessels and nerves.
=anatomy.= The science devoted to the study of the structure of
organized bodies, more especially the human body.
=anemia.= A condition in which the blood is reduced in amount, or is
deficient in red blood cells or in hemoglobin.
=anesthesia.= Loss of sensation, especially of tactile sensibility.
=anesthetic.= 1. Insensible to touch or to pain or to other stimuli. 2.
A drug which produces local or general anesthesia.
=anesthetize.= To induce anesthesia; to render anesthetic.
=aneurism.= A blood-containing tumor connecting directly with the lumen
of an artery.
=angioma.= A swelling or tumor due to dilatation of a blood vessel.
=ankylosis.= Stiffening or fixation of a joint.
=anterior.= In front of, or, in the front part of.
=anterior poliomyelitis.= Inflammation of the anterior horns of the
spine; infantile spinal paralysis.
=antheloticum or remedium heloticum.= Remedy for helomata.
=anti.= A prefix signifying against, opposing. (Exam.
antifebrile--against fever).
=anticathode.= The platinum or other plate in a Crookes tube on which
the cathode rays impinge, giving origin to the X-rays.
=antiphlogistic.= An agent which subdues or allays inflammation.
=antisepsis.= The destruction of germs causing disease, fermentation or
putrefaction.
=antiseptic.= 1. Destructive to the germs of disease, fermentation or
putrefaction. 2. A substance which prevents the action of the germs of
fermentation, decomposition, or disease.
=aperture.= An opening, orifice.
=apex.= The summit or tip.
=apodal.= Without feet.
=apodia.= Congenital absence of feet.
=apoplectic.= Relating to, predisposed to or suffering from apoplexy.
=apoplexy.= A sudden loss of consciousness followed by paralysis, due
to cerebral hemorrhage or blocking of an artery of the brain.
=apothesine.= A synthetic product used to produce local anesthesia,
which came into popular favor at a time when the usually employed local
anesthetics were unobtainable because of war conditions.
=apparatus.= A collection of instruments adapted for a special purpose.
=appendage.= Any part, subordinate in size, attached to a main
structure.
=appendicitis.= Inflammation of the vermiform appendix.
=applicator.= A slender rod of wood or metal by means of which with
cotton, local applications may be made to a part.
=apus.= A monster without feet.
=aqua.= Water.
=aqua cinnamomi.= Cinnamon water.
=aqua fortis.= Nitric acid; see acidum nitricum.
=aqueous.= Watery.
=arch.= In anatomy, any vaulted or arch-like structure.
=argentum.= The metal, silver.
=aristol.= Trade name of thymol iodide, a local antiseptic.
=armamentarium.= In podiatry, all the means (drugs, instruments, etc.)
at the disposal of the podiatrist to fit him for the practice of his
profession.
=arsenic.= A steel-gray metal, one of the elements; arsenic trioxide,
white arsenic.
=arteria.= Artery: a blood vessel conveying blood away from the heart.
=arteries of the foot=:
=a.= communicans; communicating branch of dorsalis pedis (to
plantar surface to join plantar arch).
=a.= digitales dorsales; digital branches of dorsalis pedis
(dorsal surface of the toes).
=a.= dorsalis pedis; dorsalis pedis artery (dorsum of foot).
=a.= metatarsae dorsales; metatarsal branch of dorsalis pedis
(dorsum of foot to metatarsus).
=a.= plantaris lateralis; external plantar artery (plantar
surface, joining communicating branch of dorsalis pedis,
completing the plantar arch).
=a.= plantaris medialis; internal plantar artery (plantar
surface of foot).
=a.= tarsae lateralis; tarsal branch of dorsalis pedis (dorsum
of foot to the tarsus).
=arteriosclerosis.= Hardening of the arteries.
=areolar.= A tissue made up of loose connective tissue, with many
interspaces and found under the skin.
=arsenical.= Relating to or containing any of the salts of arsenic.
=arthritis.= Inflammation of the joints.
=articulation.= A joining or connecting together loosely so as to allow
of motion between the parts.
=articular.= Relating to a joint.
=ascites.= An accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
=asepsis.= A condition in which living bacteria are absent.
=astasia-abasia.= Inability through muscular incoordination, to walk or
stand, although the muscles functionate normally when the patient is
lying down.
=astragalus.= The ankle bone.
=astringent.= An agent which causes contraction of the tissues or
arrest of the secretions.
=ataxia.= A loss of the power of muscular coordination.
=ataxic.= Relating to ataxia.
=atony.= Lack of tone or tension.
=atrophy.= A wasting of the tissues of a part or of the entire body.
=atypical.= Not typical.
=auto.= A prefix denoting self. (Exam. autogenesis--self-production).
=auto-serotherapic.= Relating to the treatment of certain conditions by
the injection of the patient’s own blood serum.
=axilla.= The armpit (pl. axillae).
=axis.= A straight line passing through a spherical body between its
two poles and about which the body may revolve.
B
=bacillus.= A bacterium; more especially, a rod-shaped or elongated
variety.
=bacillus aërogenes capsulatus.= The specific organism causing gas
infection and gas gangrene. =b. of Welch=, the same; =b. perfringens=,
the same.
=bacteria.= Unicellular vegetable microorganisms, usually those which
produce disease.
=bactericidal.= Causing the death of bacteria.
=bacterium fetidum.= A microorganism producing a stench. =b.
prodigiosus.= A microorganism found on food, but not pathogenic.
=bandage.= A piece of cloth or other material applied to any part of
the body, to make compression, prevent motion and to retain surgical
dressings.
=base.= The lower part or bottom. In pharmacy, the chief ingredient of
a compound. In chemistry, a compound which neutralizes an acid to form
a salt.
=belladonna.= Deadly nightshade. A perennial herb, the leaves and roots
of which are used in medicine.
=beneficent.= The disposition to do good; of help to.
=benign.= Mild in character, said of an illness; not malignant.
=benzine.= A purified distillate of American petroleum.
=beriberi.= Endemic neuritis; a specific polyneuritis occurring in
eastern and southern Asia. It prevails especially in armies, prisons,
ships, etc., wherever large numbers of men are kept together.
=bi.= A prefix denoting two, twice, or double. (Exam. bicuspid--having
two prongs).
=bichloride of mercury.= A chemical compound, HgCl_{2}, called
corrosive sublimate and mercuric chloride. It is used as an antiseptic.
=bifid.= Split or cleft bilateral. Having two sides, biped. Two-footed.
=bismuth subgallate.= A yellowish dusting powder; trade name, dermatol.
=bismuth subnitrate.= A white dusting powder with astringent properties.
=bistoury.= A long, narrow-bladed knife, straight or curved on the
edge, sharp or blunt pointed; employed for opening abscesses, slitting
up sinuses, etc.
=bleb.= A circumscribed area of separation of the epidermis due to the
presence of a clear non-purulent fluid.
=blister.= A bleb.
=blood.= Sanguis, cruor; the red fluid circulating in the arteries,
capillaries and veins. =b. plasma=, the fluid portion of the blood as
it is contained in the vessels. =b. serum=, the fluid which is squeezed
out by shrinkage of a blood clot.
=bones.= The hard substances that make up the framework of the body.
=bones of the foot=:
=astragalus.= Ankle bone.
=cuboid.= In front of the os calcis.
=internal, middle and external cuneiforms.= In front of the
scaphoid.
=metatarsals.= Five; in front of the tarsal bones.
=os calcis.= Heel bone.
=phalanges.= Fourteen; in front of the metatarsals, two in the
great toe and three in each of the four lesser toes.
=scaphoid.= In front of the astragalus.
=boric acid.= A powder, soluble in water used as an antiseptic dusting
powder.
=bromidrosis.= Foul-smelling perspiration.
=buckskin.= A leather made from the skin of the buck.
=buffing.= Polishing by means of some soft material, attached to a
rapidly revolving motor.
=bulb.= Any globular or fusiform structure.
=bulbar palsy.= Paralysis of the tongue and larynx.
=bulla.= A bleb.
=bullous.= Relating to or of the nature of bullae.
=bunion.= An inflammatory swelling of the bursa over the
metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe.
=bur.= A small disc or bulb, made to revolve rapidly and used by
podiatrists in connection with their employment of the rotary drill, or
file.
=Burow’s solution.= A solution of alum and lead acetate.
=bursa= (plural, bursae). A closed sac or pouch containing synovial
fluid, found over joints and where tendons play over bones.
=bursitis.= Inflammation of a bursa.
C
=caisson disease.= The bends, divers’ paralysis, tunnel disease; a
symptom-complex, occurring in tunnel workers and others working in
places under high air pressure when they return too suddenly to the
normal atmosphere.
=calamine.= Zinc carbonate; a pink powder used as an astringent.
=calcaneoastragaloid.= Relating to the os calcis and the astragalus.
=calcareous.= Chalky.
=calcified.= Hardened by the deposition of lime salts in a part.
=calcium.= A metallic element having a yellow color.
=calibre.= The diameter of a canal or vessel.
=callositas.= Callous, tyloma, a circumscribed thickening of the
epidermic layers of the skin.
=callous.= Callositas.
=callus.= Callosity. The bone-like substance thrown out between and
around the ends of a fractured bone.
=calomel.= Hydrargyrum chloride mite.
=calor.= Heat.
=camphorated soap liniment.= Soap liniment, camphorated tincture of
soap.
=capillary.= One of the microscopic blood vessels forming the capillary
system, intermediate between the arteries and the veins.
=capsicum.= The dried fruit of Cayenne, African or red pepper.
=capsule.= A membranous structure enveloping an organ or any other part.
=carbolic acid.= Phenol.
=carbon.= An element, occurring in the form of the diamond, graphite
and coal.
=carbon dioxide pencil.= A mass of solidified carbon dioxide used for
the destruction of verruca, etc.
=carborundum.= A very hard substance (carbide of silicon) used to
sharpen instruments.
=caries.= Molecular decay of a bone.
=carpal.= Relating to the wrist.
=carpus.= The wrist.
=cartilage.= A connective tissue substance.
=cashmere.= A woolen fabric made from goat hair.
=cast.= An object formed by the solidification of a liquid poured into
a mold.
=castor oil.= Oleum ricini; a fixed oil from the seeds of Ricinus
communis.
=catalepsy.= A morbid state in which there is rigidity of the limbs.
=cataplasma.= A poultice, a soft magma or mush, prepared by wetting or
heating various powders or other absorbent substances.
=catatonia.= Stupor.
=cathode.= The negative pole of an electric current.
=caustic.= Corrosive.
=cautery.= An agent used for scarring or burning the skin or tissues by
means of heat or of caustic chemicals.
=c.c.= Abbreviation for cubic centimeter.
=cell.= A minute structure, the living active basis of all plant and
animal organization, composed of a mass of protoplasm and containing a
nucleus.
=cellulitis.= Inflammation of the cellular or connective tissue.
=centigrade scale.= A thermometer scale, in which there are 100 degrees
between the freezing point and the boiling point of water.
=centimeter.= The hundredth part of a meter or .3937 (²⁄₅) of an inch.
=cerate= (Lat. ceratum). An unctuous solid preparation, containing
sufficient wax to prevent it from liquefying when applied to the skin.
=cerebellar.= Relating to the cerebellum or hind-brain.
=cerebral.= Referring to the brain.
=cerebral cortex.= The external layer of gray matter covering the
hemispheres of the brain.
=cerebral hemisphere.= The large mass of brain substance on either side
of the great longitudinal fissure.
=cerebrospinal.= Relating to the brain and the spinal cord.
=cerebrospinal meningitis.= An acute infectious inflammation of the
brain and spinal cord caused by the meningococcus.
=chamois.= The skin of the goat family, prepared for purposes of
utility.
=chancre.= The initial sore of syphilis.
=characteristics.= The traits which mark a substance or condition, and
differentiate it from others.
=Charcot’s disease.= Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
=chauffeur’s foot.= A painful condition of the anterior part of the
foot.
=chilblain.= An inflammation of the skin due to exposure to cold and
dampness.
=chimatlon.= Chilblains, an inflammation of the skin due to exposure to
cold and dampness.
=chiropodical.= Relating to chiropody (podiatry).
=chiropodist.= One who treats the minor lesions of the foot. Originally
probably, chirurg-podist, a surgeon of the foot.
=chiropody.= The study of the minor lesions of the foot. Podiatry.
=chisel.= The podiatrist’s instrument; helotomon.
=chlorine.= An element in nature; an irritating, greenish, gaseous
element used for disinfectant and bleaching purposes.
=cholesterin.= A monatomic alcohol.
=chorea.= A disorder of childhood characterized by spasmodic,
involuntary movements of the limbs and facial muscles; St. Vitus’ dance.
=chromidrosis.= A disease of the sweat glands in which the perspiration
is colored.
=chromium.= A very hard steel-gray element.
=chronic.= Of long duration; noting a disease of slow progress and long
continuance.
=cicatricial.= Referring to scars or scar tissue.
=cicatrix.= A scar.
=circinate.= Circular, ring-shaped.
=circum.= A prefix denoting a circular movement. (Exam.
circumcision--to cut around).
=circumduction.= Movement of a part in a circular direction.
=circumscribed.= A definitely limited area.
=claudication.= Limping.
=claw-foot.= Muscular atrophy with caval contraction of the foot.
=clavus.= Heloma, corn.
=clinic.= An institution in which medical attention is given to
patients who live elsewhere and do not require hospital care.
=clonic.= Marked by alternate contraction and relaxation of muscle.
=clot.= Coagulated blood.
=club-foot.= Talipes.
=coagulation.= Clotting, the process of changing from a liquid state to
that of a soft, jelly-like solid.
=coalesce.= To grow together, to become one.
=coaptation.= The joining together of two surfaces, as in sewing up a
wound or setting a fracture.
=cocaine.= An alkaloid derived from coca and used for producing local
anesthesia.
=cocoon dressing.= A dressing made of absorbent cotton covered with
collodion.
=cohesion.= The power of attraction between the molecules of any
substance, keeping the mass from falling apart.
=collateral.= Secondary or subordinate.
=collodial.= Glue-like. A substance which remains permanently suspended
in a liquid, but does not dissolve.
=collodion= (Collodium). A solution of guncotton in ether and alcohol.
=coma.= A state of profound unconsciousness from which one cannot be
roused.
=comatose.= A state of coma.
=comminuted.= Broken into a number of fragments, as in a multiple
fractured bone.
=compound.= Not simple but made up of two or more parts. In chemistry,
a substance formed by the chemical union of two or more elements.
=compress.= A pad of gauze or other material placed over a part to make
compression.
=concave.= A surface which is evenly curved inward.
=concentrated.= Referring to a solution which has been made strong by
evaporation or other means.
=concentric.= Having a common centre.
=concomitant.= Accompanying; occurring at the same time.
=concrete.= Hardened; solidified into a mass.
=condyle.= A rounded articular surface at the extremity of a long bone.
=configuration.= External form.
=congelation.= Freezing.
=congenital.= Existing at birth.
=congestion.= The presence of an abnormal amount of blood in the
vessels of a part.
=connective.= Binding, joining.
=c. tissue.= The general supporting or uniting tissue of the
body.
=constitutional.= Relating to the system as a whole; not local.
=contact.= The touching or apposition of two bodies.
=contagion.= Transmission of an infectious disease.
=contamination.= Pollution, soiling with infectious matter.
=continuity.= Without a break; absence of interruption.
=contour.= The outline of a part, the surface configuration.
=contra.= A prefix signifying against or opposite. (Exam.
contra-lateral--relating to the other side).
=contra-indicated.= Not indicated, as in the purposed use of a remedy
or in the consideration of a surgical procedure.
=contract.= To shorten.
=contracture.= A permanent muscular contraction, due to tonic spasm or
to loss of muscular equilibrium, the antagonists being paralyzed.
=contused.= Bruised.
=convex.= A surface which is evenly curved outward.
=coordination.= The harmonious working together of several muscles or
groups of muscles.
=core.= The central mass of necrotic tissue in a boil.
=corium.= Cutis vera, true skin; the deeper or connective tissue layers
of the skin.
=corn.= Heloma, an overgrowth of the epidermic layers of the skin,
containing a radix, or nucleus.
=cornification.= Conversion into a horny substance.
=corpuscle.= A primary atom.
=corrode.= To wear away gradually.
=corrosive sublimate.= Bichloride of mercury.
=cortex.= The outer portion of an organ.
=cosmetic.= Relating to the care of a person with a view to improving
the appearance.
=cotton.= The white fluffy fibrous covering of the seeds of the plant,
genus gossypium, used in surgical dressings.
=counterextension.= The resistance, or back-pull, made to extension on
a limb.
=counter-irritant.= An agent which causes counter-irritation.
=counter-irritation.= Inflammation or irritation of the skin excited
for the purpose of relieving an inflammation of the deeper structures.
=coup de fouet.= Rupture of the plantaris muscle; lawn tennis leg.
=c. p.= Abbreviation for chemically pure.
=cramp.= A painful tonic muscular contraction; spasm.
=creosote.= A substance obtained from beechwood tar.
=crepitus.= The sensation (a crackling) felt when the hands are placed
over the seat of a fracture, and the broken ends of the bones are moved
against each other.
=cretinism.= A disease occurring in the first three years of life, and
resulting in the arrest of bodily growth and of mental development.
=crinoline.= A stiff material with a coarser mesh, and heavier than
gauze or cheesecloth.
=criss-cross.= Referring to plaster applied to a part, each strip when
applied being at an angle to the strip previously applied.
=Crookes tube.= See Chapter, “X-rays in Podiatry.”
=croupous.= Marked by a fibrinous exudation.
=crural.= Relating to the leg or thigh.
=crystalline.= Clear, transparent.
=cuboid.= A bone of the tarsus.
=cuneiform.= Three bones of the tarsus.
=curettage.= Scraping the interior of a cavity for the removal of the
abnormal tissues, with the curette.
=cutaneous.= Relating to the skin.
=cuticle.= Epidermis or outer horny layer of the skin.
=cutis.= The skin.
=cylinder.= A geometric figure formed by the revolution of a rectangle
around one of its sides.
=cylindrical.= Relating to or the shape of a cylinder.
=cyst.= An abnormal sac containing gas, fluid or a semi-solid material.
=cytoplasm.= Protoplasm, the substance of the cell, exclusive of the
nucleus. It is composed of spongioplasm and hyaloplasm.
D
=D.= Abbreviation in prescription writing for da, give, detur, let
there be given.
=dactyl.= A finger or toe.
=Dakin Solution.= A solution compounded by Dr. Dakin for the treatment
of wounds by means of chlorine gas in solution, applied directly to the
parts affected or injured.
=dancer’s foot.= A painful condition of the great toe joint.
=decay.= Slow destruction of an organic substance.
=débris.= Fragments; broken rubbish.
=deformity.= A deviation from the normal shape or size, resulting in
disfigurement.
=degeneration.= Deterioration; sinking from a higher to a lower level
of a type.
=dehydrating.= Losing water; being deprived of water.
=deliquesce.= To become damp or liquid by absorbing water from the
atmosphere.
=delirium.= A condition of extreme mental excitement, marked by
confused ideas.
=demarcation.= A setting of limits, determining a boundary. =Line of
d.=, a zone of inflammatory reaction separating a gangrenous area from
healthy tissue.
=dementia paralytica.= General paresis, or paralysis, of the insane.
=denuded.= Deprived of a covering; bared.
=deodorant.= An agent which destroys odors, especially disagreeable
odors.
=depressed.= Flattened from above downward. as in fractures of that
type.
=derma.= The connective tissue layer of the skin; the true skin.
=dermatalgia.= Skin pain.
=dermatitis.= Inflammation of the skin.
=dermatitis calorica.= Inflammation of the skin resulting from the
action of cold or heat.
=dermatol.= Trade name of bismuth subgallate.
=dermatorrhea.= Excessive skin secretion.
=dermosynovitis.= Perforating ulcer of the foot.
=desiccant.= A skin-drying agent.
=desiccation.= Drying.
=desquamation.= The shedding of the cuticle in scales or shreds.
=developer.= A solution of chemicals used to develop photographic and
X-ray plates.
=devitalized.= Deprived of vitality or energy.
=dexter.= Right, in contradistinction to sinister, left.
=diabetes.= A disease in which sugar is excreted in the urine, and is
also present in the blood. There are two types, insipidus and mellitus.
The latter is the diabetes in which sugar is excreted. In the former,
large quantities of pale urine are excreted.
=diachylon.= Lead plaster.
=diagnosis.= The determination of the nature of a disease.
=diapedesis.= The passage of the blood cells through the unruptured
walls of the blood vessels.
=diathesis.= A constitutional state predisposing to any disease or
group of diseases.
=digit.= A finger or toe.
=diet.= Food and drink in general. A prescribed course of eating and
drinking.
=dietetics.= The therapeutics of food and drink in relation to health
and disease.
=diffuse.= Spread about; not confined.
=dioxygen.= Trade name for hydrogen peroxide.
=diphtheria.= A specific infectious disease caused by the
Klebs-Loeffler bacillus.
=direct cautery.= Actual fire or heat applied to a part to destroy it.
=disbasia angiosclerotica.= A disease characterized by intermittent
limping.
=disease.= Illness, sickness; an interruption of the function of any
part of the body.
=disintegration.= Separation of the component parts of a substance.
=dislocation.= A disturbance of the relation of the bones entering into
a joint.
=dissection.= The act of cutting apart or separating the tissues of
the body in the study of anatomy. In an operation, to separate the
structures along natural lines. In podiatry, to remove a growth in its
entirety and as a whole.
=disseminatum.= Widely scattered, referring to heloma d., which is so
scattered.
=distal.= Farthest from the centre or median line. Opposed to proximal.
=distension.= The act of stretching.
=dorsal.= Referring to the upper or posterior surface, or the back of
any part.
=douche.= A current of water or other fluid, directed against the
surface or projected in a cavity.
=drain.= To draw off the fluid from a cavity.
=dressings.= The materials applied to a wound for the purpose of
excluding the air, stimulating repair, etc.
=drop-foot.= Paralysis of the dorsal flexor muscles of the foot.
=dropsy.= An excessive accumulation of clear watery fluid in any of the
tissues or cavities of the body. (Latin--hydrops).
=duck shield.= A dressing for heloma molle, devised by Alfred Ahrens.
=duct.= A tubular structure giving exit to the secretion of a gland, or
conducting any fluid.
=ductility.= The quality possessed by some metals to spread and
elongate without breaking.
=dys.= A prefix meaning bad or difficult. (Exam. dysphasia--an
impairment in the sense of touch).
=dyspnea.= Shortness of breath, difficult respiration.
E
=ebullition.= Boiling.
=ecchymosis.= A purplish patch of the skin caused by extravasation of
blood.
=ectrodactylia.= A congenital malformation in which one or more fingers
or toes are absent.
=eczema.= Salt rheum, tetter; an inflammation of the skin,
characterized by weeping and itching.
=edema.= An abnormal amount of clear watery fluid in the lymph spaces
of the tissues.
=edematous.= Dropsical, marked by edema.
=effusion.= Escape of fluid from the blood vessels or lymphatics into
the tissues or a cavity.
=electrode.= One of the two poles of an electric battery or of the ends
of the conductors connected therewith.
=electrolysis.= Decomposition of the tissues by means of electricity.
=eleidin.= A deeply staining substance forming the granules of the
stratum granulosum of the epidermis.
=element.= A simple substance which has not been subdivided.
=elephantiasis.= Barbados leg. Hypertrophy of the skin and subcutaneous
tissues.
=eliminants.= Agents promoting the removal of waste.
=emaciation.= Extreme loss of flesh.
=embolism.= Obstruction of a vessel due to a clot or foreign matter,
which has been transported to it, usually from a thrombus.
=emollient.= Soothing to the skin.
=emphysema.= The presence of air in the spaces of the connective
tissues of a part.
=empiric.= Founded on experience; the treatment of disease based on
experience; opposed to rational.
=encapsulated.= Inclosed in a sheath or capsule.
=encysted.= Encapsuled; surrounded by a closed membrane.
=endarteritis.= Inflammation of the inner coat of an artery.
=endemic.= Noting a disease common to a region.
=endo.= A prefix signifying within. (Exam. endotoscope--a form of ear
speculum).
=endosmosis.= Osmosis in a direction towards the interior of a cavity.
=endothelium.= A layer of flat cells lining serous cavities, blood
vessels, etc., and cavities not exposed to the air.
=enervation.= Failure of nerve force.
=engorgement.= Distension with fluid or other material; congested.
=enucleate.= To remove in its entirety.
=epidemic.= Noting a disease which attacks, nearly simultaneously, a
large number of people in a community.
=epidermis.= The epithelial layer of the skin; the scarf skin or outer
skin.
=epithelioid.= Resembling epithelium.
=epithelioma.= A cancerous growth originating from squamous epithelium.
=epithelium.= The purely cellular, non-vascular layer covering all
cavities and surfaces exposed to the air, such as the epidermis, mucous
membrane, etc.
=eponychium.= The skin adherent to the nail at its root; the nail skin.
=eradicated.= Removed.
=ergot.= Spurred rye, rye smut; a drug made from rye.
=erosion.= A wearing away.
=erysipelas.= An acute spreading inflammation of the skin and
subcutaneous tissues.
=erythema.= A redness of the skin; rose-rash.
=erythematous.= Relating to or marked by redness.
=eschar.= A slough following a burn or cauterization of the skin.
=escharotic.= Caustic, corrosive; an agent producing an eschar.
=Esmarch’s bandage.= A rubber bandage wound tightly about a limb in
order to exsanguinate the member preparatory to offering a bloodless
field for operation.
=essence of geranium.= A solution of the volatile oil of geranium.
=essence of thyme.= A solution of the volatile oil of thyme.
=ether.= An organic oxide, more especially ethyl ether
(C_{2}H_{5})_{2}O.
=ethics.= The principles of correct professional conduct as they relate
to the public, to the practitioner, and to his fellow-practitioners.
=ethyl bromide.= A colorless liquid employed as a local anesthetic.
=ethyl chloride.= A colorless liquid employed as a local anesthetic, by
spraying.
=ethylate of soda.= A reddish yellow powder, employed in aqueous
solution in the treatment of lupus and other skin diseases.
=etiology.= The causes of disease.
=eucalyptol oil.= Oleum eucalypti; an oil distilled from the leaves of
the Eucalyptus globulus.
=evaporate.= To change from liquid to vapor form.
=evaporation.= A change from liquid to vapor form.
=eversion.= A turning outward.
=ex.= A prefix denoting out of, from, away from. (Exam. excision--to
cut out).
=excavator.= A spoon-shaped instrument used to scrape out pathologic
tissue.
=excision.= The operative removal of a limb, organ or other part.
=excrementitious.= Relating to any cast-out waste material.
=excrescence.= Any outgrowth from the surface, especially a pathologic
growth.
=excretion.= The process whereby the waste material is thrown out of
the body.
=excretory.= Relating to excretion.
=exfoliate.= To strip off in layers or sheets, noting especially a form
of desquamation.
=exostosis.= A bony tumor springing from the surface of a bone.
=expansion.= Spreading out; an increase in size.
=exsanguinate.= To make bloodless.
=exsiccant.= A dusting or drying powder.
=extension.= The act of extending a limb; the position of a limb that
is extended.
=extr. cannabis indica.= A soft solid (Indian hemp) of blackish-green
color.
=extravasated.= Exuded from, or passed out of a vessel into the tissues.
=exuberant.= Copious, plentiful, as exuberant granulations.
=exudate.= To exude; a fluid, or formed elements of the blood, which
enters the tissues or any cavity.
F
=F.= Abbreviation for Fahrenheit temperature.
=fabella.= One of two small fibro-cartilages or sesamoid bones in the
tendons of the gastrocnemius muscle.
=fabric.= The structure of anything.
=fabrics.= Materials constructed for manufacturing purposes.
=facet.= A small smooth area on a bone or other firm structure.
=Fahrenheit scale.= The degree markings on the F. thermometer in which
the freezing point is 32° and the point of boiling water is 212°.
=faradic.= Relating to induced electricity.
=fasciculi.= Small bands or bundles of fibres, usually of muscle or
nerve tissue.
=fascia.= A sheet of fibrous tissue enveloping the body beneath the
skin and also enclosing the muscles.
=fatty degeneration.= A retrogressive change associated with
the appearance of fat in the cells and formed within them. =f.
infiltration.= A deposit of fat in abnormal quantity between and in the
cells, and not formed within them.
=felon.= Paronychia, inflammation around the nail. Whitlow.
=felt.= Matted wool, unwoven. Used for podiatry dressings.
=femur.= The thigh bone.
=fermentation.= A chemical change induced in an organic compound by the
action of a ferment.
=ferrum.= The metal iron; the basic ingredient of tincture of the
subsulphate of iron.
=festination.= The peculiar acceleration of gait noted in paralysis
agitans and some other nervous affections.
=fetid.= Foul-smelling; having a rank odor.
=fibre.= A filamentous element; an elongated cell or cell process.
=fibrillae.= Minute fibres.
=fibrin.= An elastic filamentous substance derived from the blood after
coagulation.
=fibroblast.= A cell produced by the connective tissue in the formation
of fibrous tissue.
=fibula.= The external and smaller of the two bones of the leg.
=filament.= A fibril, a fine fibre, or thread-like structure.
=fish skin.= A preparation used as a covering to wounds, etc.; a
substitute for oil-silk.
=fissure.= A furrow, cleft or slit.
=fistula.= A sinus leading from an abscess cavity to the surface.
=flaccid.= Relaxed; flabby; without bone.
=flail-like.= Resembling an instrument used for thrashing or beating.
=flat foot.= Pes planus; a foot in which the arch is sunken.
=flax-seed.= Linseed. Used in making poultices.
=flexion.= Bending; bending of a joint so as to approximate the parts
they connect.
=fluctuation.= A wave-like motion felt on palpating a cavity containing
fluid.
=fluffy.= Feathery.
=fluoroscope.= An apparatus for rendering visible the effects of the
X-rays.
=fluoroscopy.= Examination of the inner parts of the body by means of
the fluoroscope.
=flux.= Flow of electricity or other substance.
=focal infection.= An infectious process which starts at a point remote
from the part where the symptoms manifest themselves.
=follicle.= A simple tubular gland.
=fomentation.= The application of warmth and moisture in the treatment
of disease; poulticing.
=foot.= Pes; the lower, pedal, extremity of the leg.
=forceps.= An instrument for seizing anything and for making
compression or traction.
=formaldehyde.= An antiseptic gas with a pungent odor. The water
solution, formalin, is used in podiatry.
=fracture.= A break, especially of a bone.
=friction.= Rubbing.
=Friedreich’s ataxia.= Hereditary spinal ataxia.
=frost bite.= Inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues due to
exposure to severe cold. Chimatlon severe.
=fulguration.= Lightning stroke. Treatment of tumors by means of the
sparks of the high frequency current.
=function.= The special action or physiologic property of a part.
=fusiform.= Spindle-shaped; tapering at both ends.
=fusion.= Liquefaction by heat; melting.
G
=G.= Abbreviation for gram.
=gait.= Specific manner of walking; manner of stepping.
=gallic acid.= A yellowish-white substance used as an astringent.
=gallstone.= A concretion, chiefly of cholesterin, formed in the gall
bladder or bile-duct.
=galvanic.= Constant current electricity produced by chemical action.
=gangrene.= Death of the soft tissues, en masse.
=gas gangrene.= Gangrene caused by the bacillus of Welch; gaseous
gangrene.
=gastric.= Relating to the stomach.
=gastrocnemius.= One of the calf muscles.
=gastro-intestinal.= Referring to the stomach and the intestines.
=gauze.= A thin loose-meshed cloth employed for dressings, bandages,
etc.
=genitalia.= The genitals.
=genu.= The knee.
=germ.= A rudiment. A microbe.
=germicide.= An agent which destroys germs or microorganisms.
=ginglymus.= A hinge joint.
=glands.= Secreting organs or excreting organs, such as the sebaceous
or sweat glands.
=gliomatous.= Relating to a tumor formed of the nerves of the brain and
spinal cord.
=glucose.= Grape sugar.
=gluteal.= Relating to the buttocks.
=glycerin.= Glycerinum; a sweet, oily fluid obtained by the
saponification of fats and fixed oils.
=golfer’s foot.= A painful condition of the dorsum of the foot.
=gomenol.= A germicidal, ethereal oil obtained from a plant.
=gonococcus.= The specific organism causing gonorrhea.
=gonorrheal heel.= A focal infection of the heel caused by an original
urethral infection with the gonococcus.
=Goulard’s extract.= A solution of lead subacetate.
=gout.= A disease of metabolism characterized by recurrent attacks of
arthritis, particularly in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great
toe, though any joint may be attacked, by deposits of sodium biuret
in and around the affected joints, and by inflammation of fibrous
structures elsewhere (Stedman).
=grain.= A unit of weight, ¹⁄₆₀ dram.
=gram=, =gramme=. A unit of weight equal to 15.4 grains.
=granulation.= The formation of minute, rounded, fleshy projections on
the surface of a wound in the process of healing.
=gross.= Large, coarse, macroscopic in contradistinction to microscopic.
=growth.= The increase in size of a living being or any of its parts.
=gt.= (plural gtt.). Abbreviation of drop or drops.
=gumma.= An infectious granuloma, the characteristic lesion of late or
tertiary syphilis.
=guncotton.= Pyroxylin.
=gutta percha.= The dried milky juice of a Malay tree.
=gypsum.= Calcium sulphate. =Dried g.= Calcii sulphas exsiccatus,
plaster of Paris.
H
=hair follicle.= A cylindrical pit dipping down through the corium and
containing the root of the hair.
=hallux.= The great toe; the first digit of the foot.
=hallux dolorosus.= Painful toe.
=hallux flexus.= Hammer toe.
=hallux rigidus.= Stiff toe.
=hallux valgus.= A deformity in which the great toe is bent outwards.
=hallux varus.= Deviation of the great toe to the inner side of the
foot away from its neighbor.
=hammer toe.= A condition of permanent flexion of the mid-phalangeal
joint of one or more of the toes; hallux flexus.
=heloma (plural, helomata).= Corn; clavus; an overgrowth of the
epidermis, with a central core or nucleus.
=heloma durum.= Hard corn.
=heloma miliare.= Seed corn.
=heloma molle.= Soft corn.
=heloma neurofibrosum.= Corn containing nerve fibres.
=heloma vasculare.= Vascular corn.
=helosis.= The condition of having heloma.
=helotomeia.= The surgery of helomata.
=helotomon.= The knife for cutting helomata.
=hematidrosis.= The excretion of sweat stained with blood.
=hematocele.= A blood cyst; hematocist.
=hemi.= A prefix signifying one-half. (Exam. hemiplegia--half
paralysis).
=hemichorea.= Chorea involving the muscles of one side, only.
=hemiplegia.= Paralysis of one side of the body.
=hemoglobin.= The coloring matter of the blood.
=hemorrhage.= Bleeding; a flow of blood.
=hemorrhoids.= Piles; a varicose condition of the external hemorrhoidal
veins causing painful swellings at the anus.
=hemostatic.= Arresting hemorrhage; styptic.
=hereditary.= Transmitted from parent to offspring.
=hermetically.= In an air-tight manner; noting a vessel closed or
sealed in such a way that air can neither enter it nor issue from it.
=hidrosis.= Sweating, especially heavy sweating; hyperidrosis;
sudoresis.
=high frequency.= An electric current with a high voltage, and a rapid
change in direction from one pole to the other.
=hirsute.= Hairy; pertaining to hair.
=histology.= The branch of anatomy which deals with the cells and the
minute structure of the tissues; microscopic anatomy.
=homogeneous.= Of uniform structure or composition throughout.
=homo heloticus.= The person having helomata.
=hone.= A flat stone or a piece of leather used to sharpen knives.
=hookworm.= A worm of the genus ankylostoma or uncinaria.
=hornification.= Conversion into horn; cornification.
=Huntington’s chorea.= Hereditary chorea.
=hydrocephalus.= A condition, usually congenital, marked by an
extensive effusion of serum into the cerebral ventricles.
=hydrochloric acid.= See acidum.
=hydrogen.= An odorless, colorless, tasteless gaseous element, the
lightest substance known.
=hydro-therapeutics.= The treatment of disease by the use of water, in
a scientific way; hydrotherapy.
=hygiene.= The science of health.
=hyper.= A prefix denoting excessive. (Exam. hyperidrosis--excessive
sweating).
=hyperemia.= The presence of an increased amount of blood in a part;
congestion.
=hyperesthesia.= Excessive sensibility to touch, to pain or to other
sensory stimuli.
=hyperidrosis.= Hyperhidrosis; excessive sweating.
=hyperporosis.= Excessive formation of callus after fracture of a bone.
=hypertonicity.= A greater degree of tension.
=hypertrophy.= Overgrowth; general increase in a part, not due to tumor
formation.
=hypodermatic.= Hypodermic; under the skin.
=hysteria.= A chronic neurosis or psycho-neurosis, characterized by
disorders of the will, and partial cessation or exaltation of the
individual functions of the brain.
I
=iasis.= See osis.
=ichnogram.= An imprint of the soles of the feet, showing a series of
steps.
=ichorous.= Relating to a thin watery discharge from an ulcer.
=ichthyol.= Ichthyolum; a brownish oil, used in medicine and in
podiatry because of the sulphur (from fossil fish) which it contains.
=ichthyosis.= A congenital rough skin due to hypertrophy of the horny
layer of the epidermis with diminished sweat and sebaceous secretion;
fish-skin disease.
=idiopathic.= Noting a primary disease, one originating without
apparent extrinsic cause.
=idiosyncrasy.= An individual mental or physical characteristic or
peculiarity.
=immersion.= The placing of a body under water or other liquid.
=immobility.= Incapability of moving; the fixed position of a part.
=immune.= Free from the possibility of infection.
=impacted.= Pressed closely together so as to be immovable as in
=impacted= fracture.
=impermeable.= Impervious.
=impervious.= Impassable, impenetrable, to fluids.
=impingement.= Used in podiatry to denote the pinching of tissues
between two adjacent or opposite bones or muscles.
=incipient.= Just beginning.
=incision.= A cut; a division of the soft parts made with a knife.
=incompatible.= Not capable of being mixed without undergoing radical
changes.
=incoordination.= Lack of harmonious action, as of muscles.
=indentation.= The act of notching or pitting.
=indolent.= Inactive; sluggish; painless, or nearly so.
=induction.= Production or causation.
=induction coil.= An apparatus for the induction of a secondary
electric current.
=induration.= Hardening.
=inert.= Slow in action, sluggish.
=infant.= A child during the first two years of life; a babe.
=infection.= Invasion by living pathogenic bacteria of a part of the
body where conditions are favorable to their growth and whence they act
injuriously upon the tissues.
=infiltration.= The act of passing into or interpenetrating a cell or
tissue; said of gases and fluids.
=inflammation.= The reaction of the tissues against injury or bacterial
invasion, characterized by heat, redness, pain, swelling and impaired
function.
=inflation.= Distension of a part by a gas or a liquid.
=inflection.= An inward bending.
=influenza.= The grip; an acute infectious disease caused by Pfeiffer’s
bacillus.
=in-footed.= Pigeon-toed; standing or walking with toes turned in.
=ingrown toe nail.= Onychocryptosis.
=inhibition.= The diminution or arrest of function in an organ.
=injection.= The introduction of a substance in fluid form into the
tissues or cavities of the body.
=innervation.= Distribution of the nerves in a part.
=innocuous.= Harmless.
=inoculate.= To introduce the virus of a disease into the tissues or
blood vessels.
=in situ.= In position.
=instep.= The arch, or highest part of the dorsum of the foot.
=instrument.= A tool or implement.
=integument.= The enveloping membrane of the body; the skin.
=inter.= A prefix denoting between or among. (Exam.
interdigital--between the fingers or toes).
=intercellular.= Between or among cells.
=interosseous.= Between bones.
=interphalangeal.= Between the phalanges.
=intertrigo.= Dermatitis occurring between two folds of the skin.
=intestinal.= Relating to the intestine or belly.
=intima.= The inner coat of a blood vessel.
=intoe.= Hallux valgus.
=intoxication.= Acute alcoholism; drunkenness.
=inunction.= The administration of a drug in ointment form by rubbing
it into the skin.
=inversion.= Bending inward.
=involuntary.= Independent of the will; not volitional.
=involution.= The return of an enlarged organ to normal size.
=iodine.= A non-metallic element occurring in lustrous steel-gray
crystals, soluble in water and alcohol and used externally as a
counter-irritant and antiseptic.
=iodoform.= Iodoformum; a yellow crystalline powder having a strong,
disagreeable odor; employed as an antiseptic dusting powder to wounds
and syphilitic sores.
=ions.= A group of atoms carrying an electric charge.
=irritation.= Extreme reaction of the tissues to an insult or injury;
incipient inflammation.
=ischemia.= Local anemia due to mechanical obstruction of the blood
supply.
=ischidrosis.= Suppression of the perspiration.
=ist.= An affix denoting an agent. (Exam. podiatrist).
=itis.= A suffix grown to mean inflammation of. (Exam.
osteitis--inflammation of bone).
J
=jaborandi.= See pilocarpin.
=joint-capsule.= Capsular ligament of a joint.
=joint-muscle.= A muscle which causes motion at a joint.
K
=kakidrosis.= Bromidrosis.
=keloids.= Lesions of a skin disease marked by patches of a whitish
color surrounded by a purplish border.
=keratin.= A scleroprotein present in hair, in nails, in horn, etc.
=keratogenesis.= The production of horny cells or tissue.
=keratohyalin.= Eleidin.
=keratoma.= A horny tumor.
=keratosis.= Circumscribed overgrowth of horny tissue.
=kilogram.= One thousand grams weight.
=kinesiatrics.= The therapeutic employment of movements; movement-cure.
=kinetic.= Relation to motion or muscular movements.
=Kneipp method.= The treatment of disease by water; hydrotherapy.
=knock-knee.= Genu valgum.
=kolionychia.= Spoon-nail; a malformation of the nails in which the
outer surface is concave.
=Korsakoff’s disease.= Polyneuritic psychosis.
=kyllosis.= Club-foot.
L
=labyrinthine.= Perplexing, intricate, involved.
=laceration.= A tear or torn wound.
=laity.= Non-professional persons.
=lamb’s wool.= A material used in shielding.
=lamelia.= In osteology, a thin sheet or scale of bone.
=lancet.= A surgical knife with a short, sharp pointed, two-edged blade.
=lancinating.= Noting a sharp cutting or tearing pain.
=Landry’s disease.= Acute ascending paralysis.
=Langerhans’ cells.= Star-shaped cells in the deeper part of the
stratum germinativum of the epidermis.
=lanolin.= An oily substance extracted from the wool of sheep; adeps
lanae.
=larynx.= The organ of voice production.
=larvae.= The worm-like forms of insects on issuing from the egg.
=Lassar’s paste.= An ointment containing salicylic acid, talcum, zinc
oxide and vaseline; it is used for eczema.
=lateral.= On the side, as distinguished from medial.
=lathyrism.= Lupinosis; poisoning by flour adulterated with chick-pea.
=lead.= A metallic element.
=lead and opium wash.= A solution of lead acetate and tr. opium in
water; used to allay pain.
=lead neuritis.= Inflammation of the nerves, due to poisoning by lead.
=lead palsy.= Paralysis of the extensor muscles of the wrist, due to
poisoning by lead; wrist drop.
=leprosy.= A chronic disease believed to be due to the presence of
the bacillus leprae, or Hansen’s bacillus. It occurs in two forms;
tubercular, affecting the skin; anesthetic, affecting the nerves.
=lesion.= A more or less circumscribed pathologic change in the tissues.
=lethal.= Fatal, mortal, causing death.
=leucocyte.= A white blood cell.
=leuconychia.= The occurrence of white spots or patches under the nails.
=leucorrhea.= A discharge from the vagina of a white, viscid fluid
containing mucous and pus cells.
=leverage.= The mechanical power gained by using a lever.
=lichen planus.= A skin disease occurring on the soles of the feet.
=ligaments.= Bands of fibrous tissue connecting two or more bones.
=ligation.= The application of a ligature.
=ligature.= A thread, wire or piece of catgut, tied tightly around a
blood vessel, a pedicle or a tumor in order to constrict it.
=limewater.= A solution of calcium hydroxide.
=line of demarcation.= A zone of inflammatory reaction separating a
healthy from a gangrenous area.
=liniment.= A solution of a medicament in mucilage, starch or other
substance, in combination with the white of egg.
=linseed.= Flaxseed; used in making poultices.
=lint.= A soft, absorbent material used in surgical dressings.
=lipoma.= A tumor of fatty tissue.
=liquor ferri subsulphate.= Monsel’s solution.
=liquor potassae.= A 5% solution of potassium hydroxide.
=lisle.= A material woven from cotton and silk.
=liter.= A measure of capacity equal to a trifle over a quart; 1000
cubic centimeter.
=lithemia.= The presence of uric acid, in excess, in the blood.
=Lobstein’s disease.= Constitutional fragility of the bones, fractures
being produced by slight injuries.
=locomotion.= Movement from one place to another.
=longitudinal.= Running lengthwise; in the direction of the long axis
of the body.
=lordosis.= Curvature of the spine with the convexity looking
anteriorally.
=lues.= A plague or pestilence; specifically, syphilis.
=luetin skin reaction.= The reaction of the skin in a specific test for
syphilis.
=lumen.= The space in the interior of a tubular structure, such as an
artery.
=lunula.= The opaque whitish semi-lunar area near the root of the nail.
=lycopodium.= Vegetable sulphur. A yellow tasteless powder used as a
dusting powder.
=lymphangitis.= Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels.
=lymph.= A clear light, straw-colored fluid, which circulates in the
lymph spaces or lymphatic vessels of the body.
=lymphatics.= A series of vessels acting as auxiliaries to the venous
system, and containing the lymph.
=lysis.= The gradual subsidence of the symptoms of an acute disease.
=lysol.= Trade name of a mixture of soaps and phenols, used as a
disinfectant dressing and hand-wash.
M
=M.= Abbreviation for (1) mille, a thousand; (2) in prescriptions, for
misce, mix; (3) minim, a drop; (4) meter, French measure.
=macerate.= To soften by soaking or steeping.
=maceration.= Softening by the action of a liquid.
=mackintosh.= A waterproof cloth or tissue used for surgical dressings.
=macrodactylism.= Abnormal size of a finger or of a toe.
=macroscopic.= Observable to the naked eye, in contradistinction to
microscopic.
=maculae.= Small spots or patches on the skin, not elevated above the
general surface.
=Madura foot.= Mycetoma; a disease occurring in the East Indies,
characterized by large subcutaneous tubercles and nodules which break
down and discharge pus.
=mal.= A prefix meaning bad. (Exam. malposition--bad position).
=malalignment.= Not in normal position.
=malaria.= A disease caused by the presence of a protozoan parasite
(plasmodium) of the red blood cells.
=malignant.= Resistant to treatment; occurring in severe form; tending
to grow worse, and (in the case of a tumor) to recur after removal. Not
benign.
=malingerer.= One who feigns disease.
=malpractice.= Mistreatment of a patient’s ills through carelessness,
ignorance or criminal intent.
=malleolus.= One of the two rounded prominences on either side of the
ankle joint.
=manicure.= To care for the hands and finger-nails, cosmetically.
=marasmus.= Extreme emaciation occurring in children.
=massage.= A scientific method of manipulation of the body by rubbing,
pinching, kneading, tapping, etc.
=masseur.= A male who massages.
=masseuse.= A female who massages.
=massotherapy.= The therapeutic uses of massage.
=materia medica.= The branch of medicine which treats of the origin,
preparation, doses and modes of administration of drugs.
=matrix.= The formative portion of a nail.
=maximum.= The highest limit, the greatest amount possible in
contradistinction to minimum, the least limit.
=M.Cp.= Abbreviation of Master of Chiropody.
=mechanotherapy.= Treatment of disease by means of apparatus or
mechanical appliances.
=medicament.= A medicine; a remedy.
=medicine.= The art of preventing or curing disease. A drug.
=medullated.= Having a soft marrow-like structure, especially in the
centre of a part.
=megalodactylism.= Abnormal size of a finger or toe.
=membrana propria.= The basement layer of the epidermis, and separating
it from the true skin.
=membrane.= A thin sheet or layer of tissue serving as a covering or
envelope of a part.
=meningeal.= Relating to the meninges or membranous envelope of the
brain and spinal cord.
=menthol.= A camphor obtained from oil of peppermint.
=mercuric chloride.= Corrosive sublimate.
=mercury.= An element (quicksilver), compounds of which are used in
podiatry.
=metabolism.= Tissue change, the sum of the chemical changes whereby
the function of nutrition is regulated.
=metacarpal.= Referring to the long bones of the hand between the
carpus and the phalanges.
=metacarpophalangeal.= Relating to the metacarpus and the phalanges.
=metamorphosis.= A change in form, structure, or function.
=metastasis.= The shifting of a disease from one part of the body to
another.
=metatarsal.= Relating to the bones in front of the tarsus, and called
the metatarsal bones; they are five in number.
=metatarsalgia.= Pain in the metatarsal region.
=metatarsophalangeal.= Between the metatarsal and phalanx.
=meter.= A measure of length the equivalent of 39.4 inches.
=methyl.= The radical of wood alcohol.
=methylene blue.= A compound of methylene, used as a caustic in
treating verruca.
=microbe.= A minute one-celled creation, animal or vegetable; a
microorganism.
=microorganism.= A microscopic plant or animal, a bacterium or
protozoan.
=microscopic.= Of minute size, visible only through a microscope; the
reverse of macroscopic.
=miliaria.= An eruption of minute vesicles due to retention of fluid at
the mouth of the sweat glands.
=miliary.= Representing a millet seed in size.
=milligram.= One-thousandth of a gram--1-65 grain.
=milliliter.= One-thousandth of a liter--about 15 minims.
=millimeter.= One-thousandth of a meter 1-25 inch.
=milliampere.= An electric unit of current-strength, the thousandth of
an ampere.
=milliamperemeter.= An instrument used for measuring milliamperes of
electric current.
=millet seed.= A small seed of the millet plant; a grain.
=minim.= One-sixtieth of a fluid drachm, equivalent to about one drop
of water.
=misce.= Mix; the character which directs the druggist to mix the
ingredients of a prescription.
=mistura.= A pharmacal mixture.
=mobility.= The quality of being movable.
=molecular.= Relating to the smallest possible unit of existence of any
substance.
=moleskin.= An adhesive substance used in shielding.
=mollifying.= Calming; softening.
=mono.= A prefix denoting the participation of a single element or
part. (Syn. uni). (Exam. monodactyl--a single finger or toe).
=Monsel’s solution.= Liquor ferri subsulphatis.
=morbid.= Diseased; pathologic.
=morphine.= The chief active principle of opium.
=morphologic.= Relating to the structure of the tissues of the body.
=morphology.= The science which treats of the external configuration or
the structure of animals and plants.
=Morton’s disease.= Morton’s neuralgia.
=Morton’s neuralgia.= A pain in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the
fourth toe; also called Morton’s toe.
=motile.= Having the power of spontaneous movement.
=mucous.= Relating to mucous or to the mucous membrane (m. membrane),
a membrane which secretes mucus, and lines the cavities connected with
the outer air.
=multiple.= Occurring in several parts at the same time.
=mummification.= Dry gangrene, shriveling.
=muscle.= One of the contractile organs of the body, by which the
movements of the various organs and parts are effected.
=muscle-corpuscle.= The nucleus of a muscle-fiber.
=muscle-fiber.= One of the cylindrical fibers, an inch or more in
length and about 1-500 inch in diameter, composing voluntary muscle
tissue.
=muscle-plasma.= The fluid portion of muscle tissue.
=musculature.= The arrangement of the muscles in a part or in the body
as a whole.
=musculus.= Muscle. Important muscles of the foot.
=m.= Abductor hallucis.
=m.= Abductor obliquus hallucis.
=m.= Adductor transversis hallucis.
=m.= Extensor digitorum brevis.
=m.= Extensor digitorum longus.
=m.= Extensor hallucis longus.
=m.= Flexor accessorius.
=m.= Flexor brevis hallucis.
=m.= Flexor brevis minimi digiti.
=m.= Flexor digitorum brevis.
=m.= Flexor digitorum longus.
=m.= Flexor hallucis longus.
=m.= Gastrocnemius.
=m.= Interosseous dorsalis.
=m.= Interosseous plantaris.
=m.= Lumbricalis (4).
=m.= Peroneus brevis.
=m.= Peroneus longus.
=m.= Peroneus tertius.
=m.= Plantaris.
=m.= Soleus.
=m.= Tibialis anticus.
=m.= Tibialis posticus.
=mustard.= The dried, ripe seeds of the white or black mustard plant.
=mycetoma.= Madura foot; a disease of the foot occurring in the East
Indies.
=myelitis.= Inflammation of the spinal cord, or of the bone marrow
(osteomyelitis).
=myeloma.= A tumor due to hyperplasia of the bone marrow.
=myocellulitis.= Inflammation of muscle and cellular tissue.
=myoclonia.= Any disorder characterized by muscular twitching.
=myocyte.= A muscle cell.
=myodynia.= Muscle pain; myalgia.
=myology.= The branch of science which deals with muscles and their
accessory parts.
=myositis.= Muscle inflammation.
=myotonia.= Any disorder characterized by tonic spasm or temporary
rigidity of a muscle.
N
=naevus.= A congenital mark or discolored patch of the skin; a mole.
=nafalan.= A proprietary remedy containing Caucasian naphtha in a soap
base.
=nail.= Unguis; the horny plate covering the dorsal surface of the
distal half of the terminal phalanx of each finger and toe.
=nail bed.= A portion of the distal phalanx covered by the nail.
=nail fold.= A groove in the skin in which lie the margins and the
proximal edge of the nail.
=nail groove.= A groove in the distal phalanx in which the nail lies.
=nail plate.= The horny substance which makes up the nail proper.
=nanomelous.= Having very small extremities.
=narcosis.= Stupor or general anesthesia produced by some narcotic drug.
=narcotic.= Relating to or causing narcosis; an agent which produces
narcosis.
=navicular.= One of the bones of the tarsus of the foot.
=nebulizer.= An atomizer; a vaporizer; an apparatus for throwing a
liquid in a fine spray.
=necrosis.= Local death; the death of more or less extensive groups of
cells.
=neo.= A prefix noting new or recent. (Exam. neoplasm--new growth).
=neoplasm.= A new growth; tumor.
=nephritis.= Inflammation of the kidney.
=nerve.= A collection of fibres in the form of a whitish cord through
which stimuli are transmitted from the central nervous system to the
periphery, or the reverse.
=nervousness.= A condition of unrest and of irritability to the nervous
system.
=nervus.= Nerve; a whitish cord made up of nerve fibres.
=nerves of the foot=:
=n.= musculocutaneus; musculo-cutaneous nerve (dorsal surface
and in front of leg).
=n.= plantaris externus; external plantar nerve (plantar
surface).
=n.= plantaris internus; internal plantar nerve (plantar
surface).
=n.= saphenus externus; external saphenous nerve (dorsal
surface and in front of leg).
=n.= tibialis anticus; anterior tibial nerve (dorsal surface
and in front of leg).
=n.= tibialis posticus; posterior tibial nerve (back of leg).
=neuralgia.= Nerve-pain; pain of a severe, throbbing or stabbing
character in the course of a nerve.
=neurasthenics.= Those suffering from neurasthenia, or nervous
exhaustion.
=neuritis.= Inflammation of the nerves.
=neuro-fibrous.= Containing nerve fibres; said of an heloma.
=neuroma (plural neuromata).= A tumor made up of nerve tissue.
=N. F.= Abbreviation for National Formulary, a book issued by the
American Pharmaceutical Association containing formulas of preparations
not official in the Pharmacopeia.
=nitric acid.= HNO_{3}. Employed as a caustic for verrucæ.
=nodule.= A small node or circumscribed swelling.
=Noguchi test.= A test for tabes dorsalis depending upon an albumin
reaction of the spinal fluid; a test for syphilis--a modification of
the Wassermann test.
=non.= A latin prefix denoting a negation or absence of the quality or
fact expressed in the word to which it is prefixed.
=non-medullated.= Without a medulla or medullary substance.
=non-striated.= Without stripes or bands.
=normal.= Typical; usual; healthy.
=nostrum.= A quack remedy.
=novocaine.= A synthetic local anesthetic.
=noxious.= Injurious; harmful.
=nucleus.= The centre of functional activity of a cell; the central
portion of an heloma.
=nutrient.= Carrying nourishment.
O
=obesity.= An abnormal increase of fat in the subcutaneous connective
tissues; corpulence; fatness; general adiposis.
=obliterated.= Destroyed by the effects of time; effaced.
=occlusive.= Noting a dressing which excludes the air.
=official.= Authoritative; noting a drug or chemical found in the
Pharmacopeia.
=ohm.= The unit of electric resistance.
=oid.= A suffix denoting resemblance to the thing indicated by the
other part of the word. (Exam: osteoid--resembling bone).
=oil stone.= A hone upon which oil is used.
=oiled silk.= A waterproof substance used in surgical dressings.
=ointment.= A medicated fatty mixture with the consistency of butter,
and employed externally.
=oligodactylia.= A deformity marked by fewer than five fingers or toes
on each hand or foot.
=ology.= A suffix denoting a special branch of study. (Exam:
podology--the branch of medical science which has to do with the feet
in all their relations).
=oma.= A suffix noting a tumor or neoplasm. (Exam: neuroma--a nerve
tumor).
=onychatrophia.= Atrophy of the nails.
=onychauxis.= Hypertrophy of the nails.
=onychia (onychitis).= Inflammation of the nail bed or matrix.
=onychocryptosis.= Ingrown toe nail.
=onychogryphosis.= Hypertrophy of the nails with curvature or deformity.
=onychoid.= Resembling a nail in structure or in form.
=onycholysis.= Loosening or shedding of the nails.
=onychoma.= A tumor arising from the nail bed.
=onychomalacia.= Absence of rigidity of the nails; hapalonychia.
=onychomycosis.= Any parasitic disease of the nails, such as tinea or
favus.
=onychotrophy.= Nutrition of the nails.
=onychopathy.= Any disease of the nails; onychosis.
=onychophag.= A victim of the nail-biting habit.
=onychophosis.= Calloused nail groove.
=onycophyma.= Swelling or hypertrophy of the nails.
=onychoptosis.= Falling off of the nails.
=onychorrhexis.= Brittle nails.
=onyx.= The greek word for finger-nail or toe nail.
=oozing.= Flowing slowly; gradually escaping.
=operation.= Any surgical procedure.
=opisthotonos.= A tetanic spasm in which the spine and extremities are
bent with convexity forward, the body resting on the head and heels.
=organ.= Any part of the body exercising a specific function.
=origin.= The less movable of the points of attachment of a muscle.
=orthoform.= A white crystalline powder used as a local anesthetic and
antiseptic.
=orthopedics.= A branch of surgery which has to do with the treatment
of chronic diseases of the joints and spine, and the correction of
deformities.
=orthopedist.= One who practices orthopedics; orthopaedist.
=os.= A bone.
=os calcis.= The calcaneus; the heel bone.
=oscillate.= To vibrate.
=osis.= A suffix noting an Increase. (Exam. tuberculosis--an increase
in tubercles).
=osmidrosis.= (See bromidrosis).
=osmosis.= The passage of certain fluids through an animal membrane or
other porous substance.
=ossification.= The formation of bone.
=ossiferous.= Containing bone.
=ostealgia.= Bone pain.
=osteanabrosis.= Bone atrophy.
=osteanaphysis.= Bone reproduction.
=osteotomy.= Surgical removal of bone.
=osteitis.= Bone inflammation.
=osteoarthritis.= Inflammation of the articular extremity of a bone
involving the contiguous joint structure.
=osteochondritis.= Inflammation of a bone and its cartilage.
=osteogenesis.= The formation of bone.
=osteoma.= A bone tumor.
=osteomyelitis.= Inflammation of the bone marrow.
=osteopsathyrosis.= Bone fragility; fragilitas ossium.
=osteotomy.= Bone cutting, usually by means of a saw or a chisel.
=ounce= (abr. oz.). A weight containing 48.0 grains, apothecaries’
weight.
=oxidation.= A combination with oxygen.
=oxygen.= A gaseous element, symbol, O.
=ozone.= A condensed form of oxygen, containing three atoms in a
molecule.
P
=pachyacria.= A bulbous thickening of the extremities of the fingers or
toes.
=pachydactylous.= Abnormal thickness of fingers or of toes.
=pachydermia.= Elephantiasis.
=pachypodous.= Having large thick feet.
=pacinian.= Named after Filippo Pacini, an Italian anatomist, and
noting especially the Pacinian body or corpuscle found in the skin, and
which is a touch organ.
=palliative.= Mitigating; reducing the severity of; noting a method of
treatment of a disease or of its symptoms.
=pallor.= Paleness.
=palpate.= Examining by feeling and pressing with the palms of the
hands and with the fingers.
=pan.= A prefix implying all, entire. (Exam: panhidrosis--perspiration
of the entire body).
=panaris.= Paronychia.
=papilla.= A conical elevation found beneath the epidermis, and
containing capillary loops and nerve endings.
=papillary layer.= The outer connective tissue layer of the true skin,
and made up of numbers of papillæ.
=papilloma.= A circumscribed overgrowth or hypertrophy of the papillæ
of a cutaneous or mucous surface.
=papoid.= A digestive enzyme from the fruit of the pawpaw, resembling
papain.
=papule.= A small circumscribed elevation of the skin containing no
fluid; a pimple.
=papulosquamous.= Relating to both papules and scales.
=para.= A prefix denoting (1) a departure from normal; (2) an
involvement of like parts. (Exam: (1) parachroma--abnormal coloration
of the skin or other parts; (2) paraplegia--paralysis of both lower
extremities).
=paraffin.= A white solid hydrocarbon, having the consistency of wax.
=paralysis.= Palsy; loss of power of voluntary movement in a muscle
through injury or disease of its nerve supply; loss of any function.
=paralysis agitans.= Parkinson’s disease; shaking palsy; a disorder
marked by muscular weakness, stiffness and tremor.
=paralysis, pseudo-bulbar.= Paralysis of the lips and tongue due to a
cerebral lesion.
=paralyzant.= Causing paralysis; any agent causing paralysis.
=paramyoclonus multiplex.= An affection characterized by sharp,
frequently repeated clonic, muscular contractions.
=paraplegia.= Paralysis of both lower extremities and also of more or
less of the trunk.
=parasite.= An animal or vegetable organism which lives on or in
another from which it draws its nourishment.
=parasiticide.= Destructive to parasites.
=paresis.= Cortical paralysis.
=paresthesia.= An abnormal sensation, such as burning, pricking,
numbness, etc.
=paretic.= Relating to, or suffering from paresis.
=paronychia.= Inflammation of the tissues around the nail, felon;
panaris; whitlow.
=parresine.= A paraffin preparation used for burns.
=passive.= Not active.
=pathogenic.= Causing disease.
=pathognomonic.= Characteristic of a disease, noting certain typical
symptoms.
=pathology.= The science that deals with the change in function or in
structure of an organ or tissue in a diseased state.
=pedal.= Relating to the feet.
=pedarthrocace.= Joint disease in children.
=pediculis corporis.= The body louse.
=pedicure.= One who treats the feet cosmetically.
=pedunculated.= Stalked, having a peduncle; not sessile.
=pellagra.= An affection characterized by gastro-intestinal
disturbances and mental disorders.
=pelma.= The sole of the foot.
=pelmatogram.= An imprint of the sole of the foot made by resting the
inked foot on a sheet of paper, or by pressing the greased foot on a
plaster of Paris paste.
=pelvis.= Any basin-like or cup-shaped cavity.
=pemphigus.= An infection of the skin characterized by the production
of bullae.
=per.= A prefix denoting through. (Exam: perennial--lasting through
several years).
=perforating.= Piercing with one or more holes.
=peri.= A prefix denoting around or about. (Exam: periosteum--around
the bone).
=periarthritis.= Inflammation of the parts surrounding a joint.
=periodic.= Recurring at regular intervals.
=perionychia.= (See paronychia.)
=periosteum.= The thick fibrous membrane covering the entire surface of
a bone except its articular cartilage.
=periphery.= The outer part or surface; away from the centre.
=periphlebitis.= Inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of the
tissues surrounding a vein.
=pernio.= Chilblains; chimatlon mild.
=perodactylus.= A monster with defective fingers and toes.
=peronei.= Relating to the peroneus muscles.
=peropus.= A monster with defective feet.
=peroxide of hydrogen.= Oxygenated water, H_{2}O_{2}, used as an
antiseptic and deodorant.
=perspiration.= The excretion of fluid by the sweat glands. The fluid
excreted by the sweat glands; transpiration.
=perverted.= Turned from what is normal or proper.
=pes=, =gen. pedis=, =pl. pedes=. The foot.
=pes cavus.= Hollow-foot.
=pes planus.= Flat foot.
=petrogen.= The proprietary name of refined mineral oil, used as a base
for remedial agents. =p. iodine.= Iodine mixed with petrogen.
=petrolatum.= Vaseline; a yellowish mixture of the softer members of
the paraffin or methane series of the hydrocarbons, obtained from
petroleum as an intermediate product in its distillation.
=phadena.= A sloughing ulcer.
=phagocytosis.= The process of ingestion and digestion by the cells;
the substances ingested are other cells, bacteria, bits of necrosed
tissue, foreign particles, etc.
=phalanges.= Long bones of the fingers or toes, fourteen in number, two
on each great toe and three on each of the remaining toes.
=phenol.= Carbolic acid.
=phenomenon.= A symptom; any unusual fact or occurrence.
=phlebitis.= Inflammation of a vein.
=phlegmon.= Acute suppurative inflammation of the subcutaneous
connective tissue.
=phosphoridrosis.= Phosphorescent sweating.
=physical.= Relating to the body as distinguished from the mind.