Twenty, Ouaranca-fossi _or_ tobee
(warunka, D.)
Thirty, Ouarandia (warunza, D.)
Forty, Oué taki (woytakkee, D.)
Fifty, Oué gou (way oggoo, D.)
Sixty, Oué dou.
Seventy, Oué yé.
Eighty, Oué ya-a.
Ninety, Oué yaga.
A hundred, Yangoufou.
A thousand, Yangoué.
A.
Amber, Saca.
And, Kindi (kind, D.)
Ass, Forka (furka, D., chaïd).
B.
Bad, Fante (affootoo, D.; ferri).
Beard, Kabi (kabi, D; heti).
Breeches, Sibi, (seeby, D.)
Bring (to), Kati (kata, D.)
Butter, Gui.
Buy (to), Daye.
C.
Camel, Vio (Yeo, D.; _so_, B.[157]);
elgimmo.
City, Koyera (agherri)
Come, Ka (kaa, D.; ka).
Coussabe, Darbi.
Cowries,[158] Kolo.
D.
Dates, Garbi.
Drink (to), Nine (ushti)
E.
Earth, Ganda (gunda, D.)
Eat (to), Lem-lem[159] (ngha, D.)
Evening, Kiki (keegee, D., _night_).
Eye, Nemodé (_eye_: aiti, D. _the
eyes_: Moh-inka, D., aiti)
F.
Fire, Nonnez (jarrec, D.; ofi).
Fish, Harihau.
Foot, Nakidi (kay, D.; odthi).
Full, Acongo.
G.
Give, Néau.
Glass-ware, beads, &c., Hiri.
Go (to), Koyé (koey, D.)
God, Yalloye (Allah).
Gold, Hora (oora, D.; agreef; dodi).
Good, Agouman (aboree, D.)
Gourd, Tio.
Grass, Sobo.
H.
Hand, Lamba (kambah, D.; akood[160]).
Handsome, Koro, tienta(belle).
Head, Homo (bongo, D.; agodi).
Heaven, Bini (engi).
Hen, Grougo.
Honey, Yiho.
Horse, Bari (barree, D; aïs).
House, Ho (hoo, D, dah, B; bactoo.
How much, Morgue.
K.
King, Tigini.
Knife, Simi (hoorie, D).
L.
Little, Kini-kini.
Look (to), Emagouno.
M.
Man, Harre (harree, D; _jungo_,
abinda, B).
Meat, Ham (hum, D; taasoo).
Merchandise, Almane.
Milk, Oi (wah, D; alebsi).
Millet, Haine.
Moon, Idou (hitte).
Morning, Soubah (_Arabic_),
Mortar, Popo tondi.
Mouth, Mi (mey, D; fetti).
Much, Abeau.
Mutton, Firgui (fagee, D; taili).
N.
Nose, Nini (hoshti[161]).
Not, Aci.
O.
Ox, Haou (hou, D).
P.
Pagne (a piece of cotton Thiugo.
cloth worn over the dress).
Pestle, Tendi.
Pirogue, Heï.
Pot, Cousso.
R.
Rain, Bana.
Rice, Mau.
Rich, Almankoye.
Rise, Teune.
River, Hissa (issa, D; bori).
S.
Sabre, Takeba.
Salt, Kiri.
Sangleh, (see the Mandingo Tasso.
vocabulary),
Sell (to), Nira.
See (to), Emagouno.
Shadow, Sa sa.
Shoe, Tamo[162] (tarno, D).
Silver, —— (n’surfa, D).
Sit down, Gro.
Slave, Banïa.
Slave (female), Coumou (kongo, D).
Slave (male), —— (Bunneea, D).
Sleep (to), Kani (anti).
Small, Kini-kini (katch).
Snuff box, Bata.
Stone, Toudi.
Sun, Ouena (offitti, D).
T.
Tobacco, Sira.
To-day, Hau.
W.
Water, Hari, (bary, D; _boca_) ami B.
Well, Bangou (bungo, D).
Wind, Héou.
Woman, Honi (weey, D, _jumpsa_,
afintoo, B.)
Wood, Toucouri (togoolee, D; esheri).
SHORT PHRASES IN THE KISSOUR LANGUAGE.
How do you do? Ouandagare?
I am well, Delanfia.
What is your name? Makin néure?
What is this? Makin-makin?
What do you wish? Neouri makin?
I wish nothing, Eno ouri méné yaya.
Go away, run, Koyé.
Open the door, Fère.
Who is there? Main nono?
Kindle some fire, Dem nounez.
Bring some water, Kati hari.
There is none there. Acibara.
There is some there, Abara.
I am not satisfied, Aci congo.
Go fetch _or_ bring some fire, Koyé hati nounez.
Go to bed, Gro.
Go to bed, and to sleep, Grokani.
How do you do this morning? Ene soubah? (_Arabic_.)
I am well, A lanfia sidi.
I will, Abegué.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE MANDINGO AND THE KISSOUR.
* * * * *
Note.1.—_Upon the Mandingo._
It appears that the syllable _fé_ is the sign of the preposition
_upon_, _in_, or _with_, and that this preposition follows the
substantive; examples _tafé_, on the fire; _nefé_, with me;
_sofé_, in the village; _silafé_, on the road, &c.
Negation is expressed by _até_ or _té_; yet there are many words
of a negative sense, preceded only by _a_ or _am_.
The syllable _ka_ seems to be used for the purpose of expressing
_to be_, whether positively or interrogatively.
The word _will_ or _to will_ is not in the vocabulary; but the
phrases present an example of the use of the word _abegue_ in
this sense. Besides, the vocabulary of Timbuctoo gives _abegue_
for I will.
The relatives _who_, _which_, _what_, are neither indicated in
the vocabulary nor in the phrases; but _tiez_ stands for _what_,
in the phrase, _what do you call that?_
I have added the word _name_, which was not in the vocabulary, from
the three phrases, _tiez tokhodi_, _aman tokholo_, _atokho_. . . .
Note 2.—_On the Kissour._
It appears, by several short phrases in Kissour, that the word
_makin_ corresponds with the relative _who_, or _what_; _neare_
with the word _name_; _ouri_ or _neouri_, with to _desire_. I have
inserted in the vocabulary some other words furnished by the phrases.
The vocabulary of Major Denham is composed of sixty-seven words,
without the numbers; M. Caillié’s of ninety. Forty words only
are common to both; but the two correspond almost throughout;
it is the same with the numerals: this fact is remarkable. On the
contrary, as I have said, the words of Adams, Bowdich and Lyon,
differ entirely from those of M. Caillié.
CHAPTER III.
M. CAILLIÉ’S ITINERARY.
* * * * *
FROM KAKONDY TO TANGIER BY TIMBUCTOO
PART THE FIRST; FROM KAKONDY TO TIMÉ
+-------+---------+---------+----------------+--------------------+
|DATES |DIRECTION|Number |NAMES OF PLACES.|OBSERVATIONS. |
| |of the |of miles | | |
| |route |travelled| | |
| |according|[163] | | |
| |to the | | | |
| |magnetic | | | |
| |north. | | | |
+-------+---------+---------+----------------+--------------------+
|1827. | | |KAKONDY |Departed from |
|19 | | | |Kakondy at 9 A. |
|April | | | |M. with a small |
| | | | |caravan of eighteen |
| | | | |persons (one being |
| | | | |a woman) all on |
| | | | |foot and laden. |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. ¼ S. |12 | |Halt about 1 |
| |E. | | |o’clock. |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |2 | | |
| |then E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |7 | |Halt and rest for |
| | | | |the night. |
| | | | | |
|20 |E. S. E. |1 | |Set off at 5 A. M. |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. ¼ N. |1 | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. ¼ |1 |Tankilita |Halt at 11 o’clock. |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |1½ |Near Oreous |Set out at 2 |
| | | | |o’clock. |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |2 | |Halt at sun-set. |
| | | | | |
|21 |E. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |½ |Near | |
| | | |Sancoubadialé | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |½ | |Halt at 10 o’clock. |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |1 | |Set out at noon. |
| | | | | |
| |S. ¼ S. |1 | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |¼ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |¼ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |2¼ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |¾ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |1½ |Daourkiouar. |Halt at 3 o’clock. |
| | | | | |
|22 |E. S. E. |½ | |Set out at 6 A. M. |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |1 | |Perceived Lumbar, |
| | | | |at a short distance |
| | | | |to the right. |
| | | | | |
| |E. ¼ S. |½ | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |¼ |Daourkiouarat. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |¾ | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |¾ | |Halt at 11 o’clock; |
| | | | |set out at half |
| | | | |past twelve. |
| | | | | |
| |E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |¾ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |¼ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. ¼ S. |½ | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |1 |Coussotami. |At 5 P. M. |
| | | | | |
|23 |E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |½ | |Mountains from 5 to |
| | | | |600 feet in height. |
| | | | | |
| |E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 | |Halt; arrived at |
| | | | |the summit of the |
| | | | |mountain. |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |½ |Passed near | |
| | | |Dougué. | |
| | | | | |
|24 |E. N. E. |1 |Mirayé |1 mile from Dougué |
| | | | |S. E. |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |“ |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |¼ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |2½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |“ |1½ |Dongol. | |
| | | | | |
|25 |S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |¼ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |1½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |¼ | | |
| | | | | |
|26 |“ |“ |L-Antegué. |Stay. |
| | | | | |
|27 |S. E. |1½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |1 | | |
| |and E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 |Pandeya. | |
| | | | | |
|28 |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
|29 |E. S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |1 | |Volcanic stones. |
| | | | | |
| |E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |2 | |Climbed a mountain |
| | | | |from 5 to 600 feet |
| | | | |in height called |
| | | | |Touma, separating |
| | | | |the country of |
| | | | |Irnanka from |
| | | | |Fouta-Dhialon. |
| | | | | |
| |E. |2 |Courgin. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 |Comi-Sourignan. | |
| | | | | |
|30 |S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |½ |Teleouel. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 | |The road to Labé, |
| | | | |which is two days’ |
| | | | |march to the N. E. |
| | | | |¼ E. |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |2½ |Bouma-Filasso. | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 |Marca. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |1½ |Gueré-Temilé. | |
| | | | | |
|1 May. |E. S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |2 |Bourouel. | |
| | | | | |
| |S., |2 | | |
| |S.S.E., | | | |
| |and S. E.| | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |3 |Popoco. |Stay. |
| | | | | |
|2 |“ |“ | |Two miles N. E. |
| | | | |from Popoco, is |
| | | | |Tieleri. |
| | | | | |
|3 |“ |“ | | |
| | | | | |
|4 |E. S. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |1½ |Gotébourel. |One mile south of |
| | | | |the road. |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |4 |Dité |Two days to the S. |
| | | | |E. ¼ S. of Dité is |
| | | | |the town of Timbo. |
| | | | | |
|5 |S. S. E. |1 |Foucouba. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |2 |Digui. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
|6 |E. S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |1 |Courou. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |2½ |Bady. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |1½ |Doudé. | |
| | | | | |
|7 |E. S. E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 |Couraco. | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |½ |Coulinco. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. |½ |Cagnola. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |1½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |3 |Bafila. | |
| | | | | |
|8 |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |½ |Near the |The Ba-fing is |
| | | |Ba-fing. |the source of the |
| | | | |Senegal. |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |1 |Langoué. | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |4½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |½ |Foudédia. | |
| | | | | |
|9 |E. S. E. |2½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |3 |Dimayara. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |3 |Fela. |A Mandingo town. |
| | | | | |
| |E. |2½ |Foramanca. |A little to the |
| | | | |left of the road. |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |5 |Sanguessa. | |
| | | | | |
| |“ |“ | | |
| | | | | |
|10 |S. E. |1½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |3 |Cambaya. |Plain of |
| | | | |Kankan-Fodea. |
| | | | |Here the caravan |
| | | | |divides. Stay. |
| | | | | |
| |E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
|30 |E. |2½ | | |
| | | | | |
|31 |“ |“ |Bagaraya. | |
| | | | | |
|1 June.|S. E. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |3 |Socodatakha. |Halt. |
| | | | | |
|2 |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |10 | | |
| | | | | |
|3 |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |10 | | |
| | | | | |
|4 |E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |2½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |9 |Saraya. |The first village |
| | | | |of the Baleya. |
| | | | | |
|5 |“ |“ | | |
| | | | | |
|6 |E. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |3 |Forimanlaya | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |½ |Sancougnan. | |
| | | | | |
|7 |E. and |1 | | |
| |S.E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 |Corouman-Cambaya|Stay. |
| | | | | |
|8 |“ |“ | | |
| | | | | |
|9 |“ |“ | | |
| | | | | |
|10 |E. |3 |Siralea. | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |9 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |3 |Bacocouda. |This village is the |
| | | | |last of the Baleya. |
| | | | | |
|11 |S. E. |14 |Couroussa. |A village of the |
| | | | |country of Amana, |
| | | | |on the Dhioliba. |
| | | | |Stay. |
| | | | | |
|12 |“ |“ | | |
| | | | | |
|13 |S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |6 |Sembarala. |On the river |
| | | | |Dhioliba. |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |“ |“ |Kunancodo. | |
| | | | | |
|14 |S. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |2 | |Passed near the |
| | | | |river. |
| | | | | |
| |E. |6 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |½ |Fessadougou. | |
| | | | | |
|15 |S. E. |4 |Farancou-Mabata.| |
| | | | | |
|16 |S. S. E. |9 | | |
| | | | | |
|17 |S. E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. |7 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. |1½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |2½ |KAN-KAN |Residence of a |
| | | | |month. |
| | | | | |
|16 |E. |1 | | |
|July. | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |2 | |Departure. |
| | | | | |
| |E. |12 | |Night march, one |
| | | | |hour. |
| | | | | |
|17 |E. |24 |Dié. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |6 |Diécoura. | |
| | | | | |
|18 |E. S. E. |2 |Kimba. | |
| | | | | |
|19 |S. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. |10 |Morocé. | |
| | | | | |
|20 |S. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |9 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |3 |Codiba. | |
| | | | | |
|21 |E. |2 |Sigala. | |
| | | | | |
|22 |S. E. |6 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |2 |Siladougou. | |
| | | | | |
|23 |E. S. E. |2½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |2½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. |¼ | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |3 |Banancodo. | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |1 |Youmousso. | |
| | | | | |
|24 |“ |“ | | |
| | | | | |
|25 |S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. |4 |Manegnan. |A village of the |
| | | | |Folou. |
| | | | | |
|26 |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. ¼ |1 | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. ¼ S. |4 | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. |2 |Nougouda. | |
| | | | | |
| |S. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |1 | |March rather forced.|
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |“ |“ |Tangouroman. | |
| | | | | |
|27 |S. S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |2 |Sambatikila. |Stay of five days. |
| | | | | |
|2 |E. S. E. |2 |Cagnanso |Departure—Village |
|August.| | | |of the Bambaras. |
| | | | | |
| |S. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |4 |Coro. | |
| | | | | |
| |S. |6 |Tinicoro. | |
| | | | | |
|3 |S. |4 |Yangofiré. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. |1 |Brokhosso. | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |3 |Timé. |Residence of five |
| | | | |months. |
| | | | | |
+-------+---------+---------+----------------+--------------------+
SECOND PART. FROM TIMÉ TO TIMBUCTOO.
+-------+---------+---------+----------------+--------------------+
|DATES |DIRECTION|Number |NAMES OF PLACES.|OBSERVATIONS. |
| |of the |of miles | | |
| |route |travelled| | |
| |according| | | |
| |to the | | | |
| |magnetic | | | |
| |north. | | | |
+-------+---------+---------+----------------+--------------------+
|1828. |S. S. E. |2 | |Departure from Timé.|
|9 | | | | |
|January| | | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. S. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |3 |Dsagoé. | |
| | | | | |
|10 |S. E. |3 |Kienba. | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |2 |Zangoériré. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |4 |Dioumiegué | |
| | | | | |
|11 |E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 |Sinisso. | |
| | | | | |
|12 |N. E. |4 |Salasso. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |2 |Loubakho. | |
| | | | | |
|13 |N. E. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |5 |Cacorou. | |
| | | | | |
|14 |E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |5 |Tisso-Soman. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |6 |Sananso. | |
| | | | | |
|15 |E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. ¼ N. |4 | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |3 |Dhio. | |
| | | | | |
|16 |N. N. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |2 |Niourot. | |
| | | | | |
|17 |N. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |6 |Talé. | |
| | | | | |
|18 |N. N. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |6 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |3 |Borando. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |6 |Syenso. | |
| | | | | |
|19 |N. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. ¼ N. |6 |Tangrera. | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
|20 |N. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. W. |3 |Fara. | |
| | | | | |
|21 |N. W. |9 |Bangoro. | |
| | | | | |
|22 |N. W. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. W. |2 |Debena. | |
| | | | | |
|23 |N. N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |2 |Tiara. | |
| | | | | |
|24 |N. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. ¼ N. |½ |Douasso. | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
|25 |N. N. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |4 |Siracana. | |
| | | | | |
|26 |E. N. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |1 |Sounibara. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |3 |Fara. |The Bagoé, a river |
| | | | |running to the W. |
| | | | |S. W. |
| | | | | |
|27 |N. N. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. ¼ |2 |Courounina. | |
| |N. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |2 |Missabougou. | |
| | | | | |
|28 |N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |3 |Badiarana. | |
| | | | | |
|29 |N. |1 |Timbala. | |
| | | | | |
|30 |N. ¼ N. |1 | | |
| |W. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. ¼ |8 |Touriat. | |
| |N. E. | | | |
| | | | | |
|31 |N. N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. ¼ |1 |Magna, or | |
| |N. E. | |Magnan-Gnounan. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |6 | | |
| | | | | |
| |“ |“ |Khoukhola. | |
| | | | | |
|1 |N. ¼ N. |1 | | |
|Febry. |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |3 |Kiébala | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |3 |Serasso. |The river Coua. |
| | | | | |
|2 |E. |¼ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |2 | |The journal says E |
| | | | |N. E. |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |2 |Mouriosso. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |¼ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |3¼ | | |
| | | | | |
|3 |N. E. ¼ |1 |Oulasso. | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |3 |Faciberisso. | |
| | | | | |
|4 |E. S. E. |1½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |2½ |Toumané. | |
| | | | | |
|5 |E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. ¼ N. |2 | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. ¼ |1 |Golasso. | |
| |N. | | | |
| | | | | |
|6 |E. ¼ N. |3 | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. ¼ |3 |Chesso. | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
|7 |N. E. ¼ |3 | | |
| |N. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. ¼ N. |1 |Pala. | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
|8 |N. E. |4 |Macono. | |
| | | | | |
|9 |N. ¼ N. |1 | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. ¼ |3 |Couara. | |
| |N. | | | |
| | | | | |
|10 |E. N. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. ¼ |1 | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |1½ |Douasso. |Stay. |
| | | | | |
|11 |“ |“ | |The river Couaraba. |
| | | | | |
|12 |N. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. ¼ N. |2 | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. ¼ N. |1½ |Sanasso. | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
|13 |N. N. E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |2 |Garo. | |
| | | | | |
|14 |N. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
|15 |N. N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. ¼ |4 |Nibakhasso. | |
| |N. | | | |
| | | | | |
|16 |N. ¼ N. |3 | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |1 |Ouattouro. | |
| | | | | |
|17 |N. |1½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |4 |Saraclé. | |
| | | | | |
|18 |N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |2 |Bamba. | |
| | | | | |
|19 |N. E. |1½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |1 |Sanso. | |
| | | | | |
|20 |N. E. ¼ |2½ | | |
| |N. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. ¼ |3 | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |½ |Saga. | |
| | | | | |
|21 |N. E. ¼ |½ | | |
| |N. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |1 |Coloni. | |
| | | | | |
|22 |S. E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. S. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |5 |Bancousso. | |
| | | | | |
|23 |N. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |“ |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |4 |Gniapé. | |
| | | | | |
|24 |E. S. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 |Couriban-Sanso. | |
| | | | | |
|25 |E. N. E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |4 |Kimpana. | |
| | | | | |
|26 |N. E. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
|27 |N. N. E. |2 |Carabara. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. W. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. ¼ N. |1 | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
|28 |N. N. W. |4 |Nenesso. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. ¼ N. |2 | | |
| |W. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. ¼ N. |2 |Nomou. | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
|29 |N. E. ¼ |2 | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |2 |Tamero. | |
| | | | | |
|1 |N. ¼ N. |½ | | |
|March. |W. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |5 |Syenso. | |
| | | | | |
|2 |N. N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |S. E. |½ | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |6 |Somou. | |
| | | | | |
|3 |N. E. |1 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. ¼ |4 | | |
| |N. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |7 |Kinina. | |
| | | | | |
|4 |N. N. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |5 |Kirina. | |
| | | | | |
|5 |E. ¼ N. |½ | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |4 |Fodouca. | |
| | | | | |
|6 |N. E. ¼ |9 | | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |1 |Medina. | |
| | | | | |
|7 |N. E. |8 |Counignan. | |
| | | | | |
| |“ |9 | | |
| | | | | |
|8 |N. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |6 |Toumadioman. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |5 |Manianan. | |
| | | | | |
|9 |N. |3 |Tomga. | |
| | | | | |
|10 |N. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. W. |3 |Galia, or | |
| | | |Cougalia. | |
| | | | | |
|11 |W. N. W. |6 | |Cross a ford. |
| | | | | |
| |E. |4 |DJENNÉ |Residence of |
| | | | |thirteen days. |
| | | | | |
|23 |Towards |“ |A great arm of |Departure. |
| |the E. | |the Dhioliba | |
| | | | | |
| |S. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |3 |Galia, or | |
| | | |Cougalia. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. E. |7 |Kera.[164] | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |12 | |The true N. |
| | | | | |
|24 |“ |6 |Soufara. |4 miles true N. E. |
| | | | | |
| |N. |7 |Cabia. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |6 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |3 |Taco. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |4 |Couma |2 miles true N. |
| | | | |Halt. |
| | | | | |
|25 |N. |5 |Tagnetya. | |
| | | | | |
| |“ |10 |Sankhaguibila. |8 miles true N. |
| | | | |Halt. |
| | | | | |
|26 |N. |6 | |True N. |
| | | | | |
| |N. |20 |Diébé | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |6 |Isaca. |True north. Halt. |
| | | | | |
|27 |“ |“ | | |
| | | | | |
|28 |N. |6 | |Set out at 4 A. M. |
| | | | | |
|29 |N. |12 | |True north. |
| | | | | |
| |N. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |2 |Ouanda-Cora. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |4 |Ouanza. |4 miles true north. |
| | | | | |
|30 |N. |10 | |True north. |
| | | | | |
| |N. |6 |Sansan. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |9 | |True N. E. |
| | | | | |
|31 |N. |2 |Coro-Coïla | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |6 |Cobi. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |3 |Cona. |True N. |
| | | | | |
| |N. |2 | |True N. |
| | | | | |
|1 |N. |8 | | |
|April. | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |1 |Toï. | |
| | | | | |
|2 |N. |22 | |True N. |
| | | | | |
| |N. |14 |Lake Debo. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |4 |Gabibi. | |
| | | | | |
| |W. N. W. |10 |Didhiover. |True W. N. W. |
| | | | | |
|3 |N. |14 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
|4 |N. and W.|4 | |Moujo half way. |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |1 |Co. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |9 |Do. | |
| | | | | |
| |W. |4 |Sa. | |
| | | | | |
|5 |N. W. |10 |Baraconga. | |
| |and N. E.| | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |4 |Tantala. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |10 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |2 |Couma. |True N. E. |
| | | | | |
|6 |E. |20 |Lelel. |2 miles true E. |
| | | | | |
| |E. |3 |Garfola. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |5 |Dobou. |2 miles true E. |
| | | | | |
|7 |N. E. |2 |Filinsa. | |
| | | | | |
| |“ |1 |Baracondié |Halt. |
| | | | | |
|8 |W. |12 |Tircy |2 miles true W. Two |
| | | | |days stay. |
| | | | | |
|11 |N. W. |2 |Talbocaïla. |Set out at 6 A. M. |
| |and E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |W. and E.|4 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |4 | |2 miles true N. |
| | | | | |
|12 |E. and S.|6 | |2 miles true E. and |
| | | | |S. |
| | | | | |
| |N. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |2 |Salacoïla. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |6 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |12 | |8 miles true N. E. |
| | | | | |
|13 |E. |10 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |6 | |True N. |
| | | | | |
|14 |N. and |4 | | |
| |N. E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |10 |Diré. |On the left bank of |
| | | | |the river. |
| | | | | |
| |E. |8 | |4 miles true E. |
| | | | | |
|15 |E. |5 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |14 |Khokhoula. | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |8 |Cora. | |
| | | | | |
|16 |N. E. |6 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. |8 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |4 |Camp of the |True N. On the left |
| | | |Touariks. |bank of the river. |
| | | | | |
|17 |N. |4 to 5 | | |
| | | | | |
| |E. then |8 |Coratou. |2 miles true N. |
| |N. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |4 | |True N. |
| | | | | |
|18 |N. E. |4 | |2 miles true N. E. |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |2 | |True N. E. Halt. |
| | | | | |
|19 |N. E. |2 | |A considerable |
| | | | |marigot on the left |
| | | | |bank of the river. |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |2 |Camp of the | |
| | | |Chief of the | |
| | | |Touariks. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |2 | |Opposite the |
| | | | |island. Halt. |
| | | | | |
| |E. ¼ N. |2 | |The river divides |
| |E. | | |into two branches, |
| | | | |which make an angle |
| | | | |of about 80 degrees.|
| | | | | |
| |E. ¼ N. |6 |Port of Cabra. | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |“ |4 |Cabra. |Three miles to the |
| | | | |north of the port. |
| | | | |It takes two hours |
| | | | |to go this distance.|
| | | | | |
|20 |N. |5 |TIMBUCTOO |Residence of |
| | | | |fourteen days. |
| | | | | |
+-------+---------+---------+----------------+--------------------+
THIRD PART. FROM TIMBUCTOO TO TANGIER.
+-------+---------+---------+----------------+--------------------+
|DATES |DIRECTION|Number |NAMES OF PLACES.|OBSERVATIONS. |
| |of the |of miles | | |
| |route |travelled| | |
| |according| | | |
| |to the | | | |
| |magnetic | | | |
| |north. | | | |
+-------+---------+---------+----------------+--------------------+
|4 May. |N. |18 | |Set out at half |
| | | | |past 8 A. M. with |
| | | | |a caravan of from |
| | | | |7 to 800 camels, |
| | | | |each bearing a load |
| | | | |of from 4 to 500 |
| | | | |pounds weight. |
| | | | | |
|5 |N. |20 | | |
| | | | | |
|6 |N. |14 | |4 miles true north. |
| | | | | |
|7 |N. |24 | |14 miles true north.|
| | | | | |
| |N. N. W. |16 | |14 miles true N. N. |
| | | | |W. |
| | | | | |
|8 |N. N. W. |8 | | |
| | | | | |
|9 |N. |27 | |23 miles true north.|
| | | | | |
| |N. |5 |L-A’raouan. |True north. |
| | | | |Residence of 9 days.|
| | | | | |
|19 |N. E. |3 | |Set out at ½ past |
| | | | |7 A. M. Caravan of |
| | | | |1,400 camels, each |
| | | | |bearing a load of |
| | | | |500 pounds, and |
| | | | |composed of 250 |
| | | | |men on foot. The |
| | | | |drivers of the |
| | | | |camels relieve each |
| | | | |other every 2 or 3 |
| | | | |hours. |
| | | | | |
| |N. ¼ N. |17 | | |
| |W. | | | |
| | | | | |
|20 |N. |11 | |2 miles true north. |
| | | | | |
|21 |N. |26 | |18 miles true north.|
| | | | | |
|22 |N. |32 | |24 miles true north.|
| | | | | |
|23 |N. |34 | |24 miles true north.|
| | | | | |
|24 |N. |33 | |24 miles true north.|
| | | | | |
|25 |N. |34 | |24 miles true north.|
| | | | | |
| |N. |12 | |8 miles true north, |
| | | | |and 3 east. |
| | | | | |
|26 |E. |20 |Telig. | |
| | | | | |
|27 |N. W. |24 | | |
| | | | | |
|28 |N. W. |9 | | |
| | | | | |
|29 |N. |6 | | |
| | | | | |
|30 |N. W. |26 | |16 miles true N. W. |
| | | | | |
|31 |N. W. |20 |Cramès. |8 miles true N. W. |
| | | | | |
|1 June.|N. |18 |Trasah. |Stay. |
| | | | | |
|2 |“ |“ | | |
| | | | | |
|3 |N. W. |13 | |Set out at 5 A. M. |
| | | | |2 miles true N. W. |
| | | | | |
|4 |N. N. W. |18 | |8 miles true N. N. |
| | | | |W. |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. W. |6 | | |
| | | | | |
|5 |N. |18 |Amoul-Gragim. |6 miles true north. |
| | | | | |
|6 |“ |“ | |Halt. |
| | | | | |
|7 |N. N. E. |15 | |4 miles true N. N. |
| | | | |E. |
| | | | | |
|8 |N. |16 | |4 miles true north. |
| | | | | |
|9 |N. |20 |Amoul-Taf. |10 miles true north.|
| | | | | |
|10 |N. |10 | |4 miles true north. |
| | | | | |
|11 |N. |12 | |4 miles true north. |
| | | | | |
|12 |N. |16 |L-Ekseif. |8 miles true north. |
| | | | | |
|13 |“ |“ | |Stay. |
| | | | | |
|14 |N. |8 | |2 miles true north. |
| | | | | |
|15 |N. |24 | |14 miles true north.|
| | | | | |
|16 |N. |33 | |25 miles true north.|
| | | | | |
|17 |N. |16 |Marabouty |8 miles true north. |
| | | | | |
|18 |N. N. E. |6 | | |
| | | | | |
|19 |N. |22 | |10 miles true north.|
| | | | | |
|20 |N. |18 | |10 miles true north.|
| | | | | |
|21 |N. |18 |El-Guedea. |12 miles true north.|
| | | | | |
|22 |N. |10 | |2 miles true north. |
| | | | | |
|23 |N. |22 | |16 miles true north.|
| | | | | |
| |N. N. W. |6 | |True N. N. W. |
| | | | | |
|24 |N. N. W. |28 | |18 miles true N. N. |
| | | | |W. |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. W. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
|25 |N. |16 | |True north. Halt. |
| | | | | |
| |N. |4 |Mayara. |True north. Halt. |
| | | | | |
|26 |N. ¼ N. |20 | |10 miles true |
| |E. | | |north, ¼ N. E. |
| | | | | |
|27 |N. ¼ N. |22 |Sibicia. |16 miles true |
| |E. | | |north, ¼ N. E. |
| | | | | |
|28 |N. |24 | |16 miles true north.|
| | | | | |
| |N. W. |6 | |True N. W. |
| | | | | |
|29 |N. N. E. |10 | |True N. N. E. |
| | | | | |
| |N. ¼ N. |6 |El-Harib. |Residence of 13 |
| |W. | | |days. |
| | | | | |
|12 |E. |18 | |2 miles true east. |
|July. | | | |Set out at 5 A. |
| | | | |M. The caravan of |
| | | | |Tafilet divides: |
| | | | |some go to the |
| | | | |Drah, some to |
| | | | |Soueyrah, and |
| | | | |others to Touat. |
| | | | | |
|13 |E. ¼ N. |20 |El-Hamid. |8 miles true E. ¼ |
| |E. | | |N. E. Halt. The |
| | | | |Drah. |
| | | | | |
|14 |E. N. E. |10 |Bounou. |6 miles true E. N. |
| | | | |E. |
| | | | | |
| |E. N. E. |8 |Mimcina. | |
| | | | | |
|15 |E. N. E. |16 |Yeneguedel. |6 miles true E. N. |
| | | | |E. |
| | | | | |
|16 |N. N. E. |10 | |6 miles true N. N. |
| | | | |E. |
| | | | | |
| |N. |4 |Faratissa. | |
| | | | | |
|17 |N. |6 | | |
| | | | | |
|18 |N. ¼ N. |12 |Bohayara. |6 miles true north, |
| |E. | | |¼ N. E. |
| | | | | |
|19 |N. N. E. |12 |Goud-Zenaga. |4 miles true N. N. |
| | | | |E. |
| | | | | |
|20 |N. ¼ N. |14 |Zenatyia. |4 miles true north, |
| |E. | | |¼ N. E. |
| | | | | |
|21 |N. N. E. |12 |Chanerou. |4 miles true N. N. |
| | | | |E. |
| | | | | |
|22 |N. N. E. |18 |Nyela. |10 miles true N. N. |
| | | | |E. |
| | | | | |
|23 |N. N. E. |2 | |True N. N. E. |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. |4 | |True N. E. |
| | | | | |
| |N. E. ¼ |6 |Ghourland. |Province of |
| |E. | | |Tafilet. Residence |
| | | | |of 6 days. |
| | | | | |
|29 |N. |3 |Boheim. |Departure from |
| | | | |Ghourland. |
| | | | |Residence of 4 days |
| | | | |at Boheim. |
| | | | | |
|2 |N. N. W. |3 |Afilé. |Set out at half |
|August.| | | |past 4 P. M. 1 |
| | | | |mile true north. |
| | | | |Another caravan of |
| | | | |200 mules, nearly |
| | | | |as heavily laden |
| | | | |as the camels. The |
| | | | |pace of the mules |
| | | | |is considered equal |
| | | | |to that of the |
| | | | |camels. |
| | | | | |
|3 |N. ¼ N. |9 |Tanneyara. |1 mile true north, |
| |E. | | |¼ N. E. |
| | | | | |
| |N. ¼ N. |6 |Marca. | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
|4 |N. N. W. |18 |M-Dayara. | |
| | | | | |
|5 |N. W. ¼ |6 |Rahaba. | |
| |N. | | | |
| | | | | |
|6 |N. |6 |L-Eyarac. |2 miles true north. |
| | | | | |
| |N. |10 |Tamaroc. | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |8 |Kars. |2 miles true north, |
| | | | |3 miles west to |
| | | | |Kars. |
| | | | | |
|7 |W. then |16 |N-Zeland. |4 miles true west. |
| |N. ¼ N. | | | |
| |W. | | | |
| | | | | |
|8 |N. |10 | |6 miles true north. |
| | | | | |
| |W. |2 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. ¼ N. |10 |L-Eksebi. | |
| |E. | | | |
| | | | | |
|9 |N. |4 | |2 miles true north. |
| | | | | |
| |W. N. W. |17 |L-Guim. | |
| | | | | |
|10 |N. ¼ N. |4 | |2 miles true north |
| |W. | | |¼ N. W. |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. W. |6 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. N. W. |10 |Guigo. | |
| | | | | |
|11 |N. |22 |Soforo. |6 miles true north. |
| | | | | |
|12 |N. ¼ N. |14 |FEZ, or EL-FEZ. |2 miles true north, |
| |W. | | |¼ N. W. Stay of one |
| | | | |day. |
| | | | | |
|14 |W. N. W. |20 |Mequinaz. |Set out from Fez |
| | | | |at 7 A. M. riding |
| | | | |an ass and with a |
| | | | |guide. The march is |
| | | | |estimated at two |
| | | | |miles an hour. |
| | | | | |
|15 |“ |“ | |Stay. |
| | | | | |
|16 |N. and |2 | |Set out at 6 A. M. |
| |N. W. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |4 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |10 | |Halt. |
| | | | | |
| |N. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. W. |3 | | |
| | | | | |
| |N. |4 |Camp. |True north. |
| | | | | |
|17 |N. |6 | |True north. |
| | | | | |
| |N. W. |6 | |3 miles true N. W. |
| | | | |Halt. |
| | | | | |
| |N. W. |4 | |Halt. |
| | | | | |
| |N. W. |6 | | |
| | | | | |
| |W. S. W. |5 | |Halt. |
| | | | | |
|18 |S. W. |10 | |6 miles true S. W. |
| | | | |Halt. |
| | | | | |
| |S. W. |7 |Arbate, or |Residence of 15 |
| | | |Rabat. |days. |
| | | | | |
|2 Sept.|“ |“ | |Departure for |
| | | | |Tangier with a |
| | | | |guide and an ass. |
| | | | |Passed through |
| | | | |Larache. |
| | | | | |
|7 |“ |“ |TANGIER |Arrived at |
| | | | |night-fall, after |
| | | | |five days journey |
| | | | |on the sea shore. |
| | | | | |
+-------+---------+---------+----------------+--------------------+
CHAPTER IV.
* * * * *
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES,
Followed by Notes on the Fragments of Plants brought over by M.
Caillié, on some natural productions of the countries he has
traversed, and on several points of geography.
* * * * *
Pl. I. Portrait of the Traveller.
Pl. II. A woman of Timbuctoo.
Pl.III. M. Caillié meditating upon the Koran and taking his
notes.
Pl. IV. Plan of the great mosque of Timbuctoo, and a view
of it taken from the E. N. E.[165]
Fig. 1.Plan of the mosque on a scale of a thousandth.
_a._Niche or recess for the ceremonies of religious
worship; it is formed in a very ancient wall. See pl. V.
fig. 1.
_b._The great tower.
_c._Niche, having the same destination as that marked _a_.
_d._Turrets.
_e, e, e._Buttresses.
_f._Principal door of the mosque.
_g, g, g._Small doors of the mosque.
_h, h._Limit of the examined parts.
_i, i, i._Pillars decorated with a particular kind of
ornament. See pl. V. fig. 2.
_k, k._Interior façade, with an ornament _en chevron_,
represented in pl. V. fig. 3.
_l._Very ancient part of the mosque; the arcades supported
by these pillars are smaller than the new arcades on the
east.
_m._Traces of the ancient inclosure.
Fig. 2.View of the mosque taken from the E. N. E., on a
double scale.
Pl. V. 1, 2, 3. _Details of the great mosque of Timbuctoo_.
4, 5._Plan and front of the house of Sidi-Abdallah-Chebir,
in which M. Caillié resided_.
Fig. 1. A wall forming part of the ancient mosque. See the
point _a_, pl. IV. fig. 1.
Fig. 2.Interior decorations, attached to the pillars. See
the points _i, i, i_, pl. IV.
Fig. 3.Ornament of the wall. See points _k, k_, pl. IV.
Fig. 4.Plan of Sidi-Abdallah-Chebir’s house.
_a._Principal entrance.
_b._Situation of the staircase.
_c, c, c._Warehouses.
_d._First court.
_e._Second court.
_f._Stables.
_g._Kitchen of the slaves.
_h._Lodging of the slaves.
_i._Privies.
Fig. 5.The front elevation of the house. Over the door is a
chamber, the window of which is closed by a wooden lattice,
as in the towns of the Levant; and above are some earthen
vessels for the use of the pigeons. Upon the wall are seen
small gutters of earthenware, to carry off the water.
Pl. VI. View of part of the town of Timbuctoo, taken from
the summit of a hill to the E. N. E.
1.The great mosque, or western mosque.
2.East, or east north east mosque.
3.Third mosque.
4.House of Osman, the chief who governs at Timbuctoo.
5.House of Sidi-Abdallah-Chebir.
6.The market.
7.Caravan coming from the Tafilet.
Pl. VII. Itinerary map, and general map of the travels.
The scale of the first map is of one to a million; that of
the other is one-eight millionth, or the eighth part of
the former. It is to be regretted that these scales could
not be enlarged, and that, consequently the details of
the routes could not be more clearly laid down. The first
chapter of the supplement will spare me the necessity of
explaining this plate more at length.
PLANTS.
In addition to the explanation of the engravings, I will say a
few words respecting several fragments of plants collected in the
environs of Kakondy (Rio-Nuñez), which botanists have considered
either too ill-preserved or too incomplete for engraving. M.
Caillié made sketches of some which appeared equally unfit to be
committed to the graver.
1. _Native name_. SAULÉ-KÉMÉ. The blossom has ten stamina, two
of them large and of a deep yellow, and three smaller supported
by a very fine and twisted fibre; the flower deserves attention
for its beauty; it appears fit to adorn a garden; it emits a sweet
and agreeable odour; its colour is a light yellow; the pistil is
green. The shrub which produces it, grows on a bush to the height
of eight or ten feet. It has not been seen in fruit.
The sketch traced by M. Caillié, and the little sample which he
gathered, shew the nature of the foliage; it is of the leguminous
kind: the leaves are oval, rounded; the flower in bunches, the
pedicle furnished with stipulæ, the anthers bifid, the style long
and filiform.
According to the learned M. Kunth, who has obligingly examined
this and the two following specimens, this plant is no other than
acassi a _Cassia fistula_, of a species of which, it is well known,
there are very lofty trees.
2. _Name unknown_. The newly opened blossom is white; it turns
afterwards yellow: the perfume it exhales is extremely agreeable.
The shrub is nine or ten feet high; I at first took this flower
for that of an American gourd. (_M. Caillié’s notes._)
The leaf is lanceolated and pointed; the corolla is large,
monopetalous, funnel-shaped, with a long tube, having seven great
divisions, oval and very deep; the calyx appears to have eight
divisions; the fruit is ovoid; the stalk is furnished with long
blunt thorns. This plant appears to belong to the _rubia_ family.
M. Kunth considers it as a species resembling the _gardenia
thunbergia_, but differing in having rough and smaller leaves.
3. _Name unknown_.—The blossoms and leaves are hairy; the petals
blue; the plant is herbaceous. It is with its root that the Landamas
make the purgative drink which they call _jinjindhi_; this root
resembles the small cassava. (_M. Caillié’s notes._)
The fruit and stalk are also hairy. The leaves are pointed oval, of a
beautiful green, marked with four longitudinal borders, and covered
on one side with flat short and very glossy hairs. The flowers have
five petals, the form of which is oval and pointed; the hairs of the
calyx are long. This plant belongs to the _melastomæa_. This genus
is known to be very numerous in America; but it had not previously
been found in Africa.
M. Kunth considers it as a species of _rhexia_, differing from those
of Africa, published by M. de Beauvoir; but it is too incomplete
to admit of its species being determined.
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
A. _Hibiscus_.—In the environs of Djenné, the traveller saw an
_hibiscus_, of which cords are made as with hemp; these cords serve
for the construction of the canoes. At the Senegal there is also an
_hibiscus_ fit for this operation. It was found, I believe, on the
banks of the Gambia, where it is known by the name of _hibiscus
cannabinus_. In the construction of canoes, two trunks of trees
are united and firmly bound together with the cords in question.
B. _Cotton plant_.—M. Caillié observed, on the road from Djenné,
a species of cotton plant which he believes to be annual. This
statement has been doubted: yet in Egypt there is also an herbaceous
cotton-plant, and there is no reason against the admission of
the fact.
C. _The Bombax_ is a tree known in Senegambia; its fruit produces
a very fine and glossy silk, capable of being manufactured. M. de
Beaufort sent over samples of it. The narrative shews that this
beautiful tree is also very common south of Senegambia.
D. _Bark_, yielding a beautiful red dye. M. Caillié has not made
us acquainted with the nature of the tree that bears this bark,
which on being merely washed yields a red colour. But the discovery
would be easily made, since the tree grows not far from the French
possessions.
E. _Mimosa_.—M. Caillié saw several large species of mimosas;
it is a subject of regret that he has not described each. One
of the most spreading is the _nédé_, a beautiful tree, with
a globular flower of a red colour borne on a very long pedicle;
the foliage is very delicate. The natives eat the pulp by which
the seed is surrounded.
F. _Balanites_.—This tree is one of the most common along the whole
of M. Caillié’s route, from Kakondy to Djenné. The inhabitants
extract an oil from it.
The _Balanites Ægyptiaca_. (DELILE)[166] is not the only tree common
to this country and Egypt; the same may be said of many other natural
productions, and of plants and animals in general. This remark
has been frequently made since the publication of the travels of
the French in Egypt, and the discoveries in natural history made in
Senegambia. The similarity of the two countries in certain respects,
a great river annually overflowing, a very high temperature, the
vicinity of the desert, and other circumstances seem, at the first
glance, sufficiently to explain this identity.
But I do not believe that in this case the difference of the latitude
has been observed. The mean parallel of Egypt is about 27°½.;
that of Senegambia 13; difference 14°½. If the height of the
temperature is important, as it undoubtedly is, amongst the causes
which encourage to a certain extent some species of vegetables
and animals, it must be concluded that Egypt is the warmest
region of northern Africa in proportion to its latitude. The mean
temperature of Egypt is, actually higher than that of the Senegal:
this was far from being suspected prior to the observations of the
Egyptian Institute; and Baron Humboldt did not introduce his Memoir
on the isothermal lines till after having long retained doubts,
which the tables of Messrs. Nouet and Coutelle dispelled. Thus, the
isothermal line of Egypt would make a large angle with the equator.
Mount Atlas is too far distant to explain the fact; the mountains
of Senegambia are not sufficiently elevated; we are, therefore,
led to seek the cause in the vicinity of the Sahara, the vast
radiation of which must incessantly attract the lower strata of a
warmer atmosphere, such as that of Senegal and of the more remote
districts, on account of their nearly juxta-equatorial position: so
that the mean temperature of Senegambia would, but for this cause,
be much higher than it is, and far higher than that of Egypt.
These considerations leave room to regret that we have no
meteorological observations made at Timbuctoo, not only on the
thermometer and barometer, but also upon the state of the heavens
and the prevailing winds; such no doubt exist among the papers
of Major Laing, as may be concluded from the terms of his letter,
written from that city, the 21st of September, 1826[167].
G. _Doum_.—The Doum Palm-tree, (_corypha thebaica_ DELILE); belongs
to Upper Egypt. It is remarkable that a tree of this species exists
in the city of Timbuctoo; it is the only one, the other trees of
the place being all _balanites_.
H. _Lotus_ (_nymphæa_.).—This again is a plant common to Egypt. In
the latter country the root only is now eaten; but the negroes,
like the ancient Egyptians, use both the root and the fruit.
I. _Thistle of the Desert_.—This, according to the description
given of it by M. Caillié, appears to be the _hedysarum alhagi_,
(LINN.) a well known plant, and which constitutes the provender of
the famished camels; in spite of its rough prickles, they eat it
with delight in traversing the desert.
J. _Butter-tree_, _ce_, _ché_ or _shea_.—Mungo Park describes this
tree under the latter name of _shea_ and _shea-toulou_. M. Caillié
met with it all over Senegambia as far as Djenné. The _nédé_
and the _ché_ are the most common trees. Samples of this vegetable
butter were sent to France by M. de Beaufort, and M. Vauquelin was
commissioned by the Academy of Sciences, to analyse it. This tree
would be a most valuable acquisition in our colonies.
We owe to M. Caillié the knowledge of a second vegetable butter
called _taman-toulou_, preferable, he thinks, to the former. It is
derived from a second tree, which appears to be different. Its name,
or that of the fruit, is _taman_. The word _toulou_ means butter
or a fat substance in Mandingo. The oil palm-tree renders nearly
the same service to the inhabitants as the foregoing.
K _Colat-nut_.—The fruit known to Europeans by this name is very
common in the interior of Africa, as well as on the banks of the
Rio-Nuñez. The Mandingo name is _ourou_. According to M. Caillié
this is the same fruit with that called _gour_ by Major Denham: but,
in reading the work entitled _Narrative of Travels and Discoveries
in Northern and Central Africa_, &c., London, 1826, I found this
name neither in the description, nor in the annotations added to
this important work by the learned botanist, Robert Brown.
_N.B._ I pass over in silence several vegetables obtained by M.
Caillié, and mentioned in the journal of the travels, having
nothing to add to what he has reported, and regretting that his
description is insufficient to shew their nature: for example, that
of the _caura_, which our traveller compares to a plum-tree. It
will be seen by the narrative that orange-trees are indigenous in
the northern part of Senegambia[168].
L. _Carrier Oxen_. In the early part of his journal, M. Caillié
mentions, by name only, this species of oxen. It is a question
worthy of the attention of future travellers, both as regards
commerce and expeditions of discovery.
M. _Elephants and Lions_. Several persons have testified surprise
that M. Caillié during so long a journey, met with neither lions,
elephants, giraffes, nor any wild beast. I am far from disputing
the testimony of those travellers, who affirm that such have been
seen in inhabited places; but, it is certain, that any one meeting
with such animals on his way cannot have any motive for passing
over the circumstance in silence, and that all travellers are
rather partial to adorning their narratives with encounters of this
kind. It may, therefore, be legitimately inferred that elephants
and lions are more scarce in those regions than the narratives
and descriptions would lead us to believe. M. Caillié, however,
in one or two passages, mentions the traces of elephants’ feet;
but no tragic adventures befel him, (or any individual of the
numerous caravans which he accompanied for the space of a year,)
by encounters with these monsters, with wild beasts, or with
any other dangerous animals. The same may be said of crocodiles,
which were supposed to abound in the Dhioliba. Scarcely was he once
incommoded, and that by the neighbourhood of an enormous serpent,
during his whole journey across the great desert.
N. _Tanning_. The preparation of leather is frequently mentioned
in the Journal. It is known that the Africans, and the Moors
particularly, are very successful in this operation. Some persons
have thought that desiccation is the means they principally use;
but this seems improbable, because both in Nubia and Egypt the
true process of tanning is in use, and is quite as good as ours,
though shorter. The natives are also skilful in working the leather;
they cut and embroider it with great success.
O. _Beer_. M. Caillié sometimes speaks of the use of beer; but
he has neglected to tell us how and with what it is made. Is it
the beverage which in Egypt is called _hachich_? The Egyptians
prepare this with hemp-seed. It is an inebriating liquor, of which
the common people drink to excess, notwithstanding the rules of
Mahometan abstinence.
P. _The Tankisso_. We read at page 204, in the first volume of
this work, that, according to the Mandingoes, this river _issues
from the Bafing, and flows into the Dhioliba_. It is difficult,
if not impossible, to admit this representation of the Mandingoes:
it must be understood, I think, that the Tankisso _has its source
in the same mountain with the Bafing_; otherwise the bason of the
Senegambia would communicate with that of Nigritia or the Soudan.
Q. _The route from the Fouta-Toro to Mecca_. The author was told
(see vol. I page 259) that the pilgrims of the Fouta travelled by
the Bondou, the Baleya, Kankan, Sambatikila, and Djenné, instead of
by Kaarta and Sego. The former road, however, is much the longer. I
believe that the real motive of these travellers is to trade in
the gold of Bouré, in passing through Kankan; but why go still
farther to the south, by Sambatikila? I do not see the reason.
R. _The Milo_. It is said, vol. I page 280, that the Milo flows N.
E. The first part of the course of this river is nearly N. E. by
the compass; but it afterwards inclines to the north and west,
to fall into the Dhioliba.
S. _Kong_ or _Koung_. The country of this name, being situated
between the magnetic S. S. E. and S. ¼ S. E. from the village of
Douasso, (vol. I p. 417) lies to the true south of that village.
Our, traveller was informed by a Kong-man, that the journey required
a month and a half. Part of this journey is through a mountainous
country. The position, therefore, of Kong cannot be far from the
seventh degree north, or its longitude far from that of Douasso,
7° 45’ west.
T._Direction of the river near Djenné_. The Journal states,
page 444, vol. I, that the island is formed by an arm of the
western branch, which comes from the west-north-west. The island
of Djenné, according to the author, is about twelve or fifteen
miles in circumference; but he admits that he did not go round it,
and it appears to be much larger.
U. _Distance from Djenné to Isaca_. The text states it at a day
and a half’s journey; but even in a straight line it proves to
be more than three and a half. The traveller has reckoned it at
four days by water; so that this passage requires correction.
V. _Bousbeyah_. The word _Bousbehey_ in the text, (pages 58 and 101,
vol. II) must be thus written, according to the orthography of the
foregoing Arabic list.
There is a contradiction between pages 58 and 101: this place must
necessarily be at more than two days’ distance from el-Araouan,
if it is only two days from Timbuctoo; I have adopted this latter
distance.
W. _Oualet_. The town of this name is placed, according to the
Journal, (vol. I page 301) ten days distance from el-A’raouan, W.
N. W.; but it is farther from Sego than stated in the text (the
same page), which is fifteen days south: the interval is nearly
double. This confirms the conjecture I have raised, viz: 1st, that
there are two places of this name; 2nd, that this is different from
the one placed in Mungo Park’s first map north of Sego, _but
under the parallel of Lake Dibbie_; and the other N. W. of Sego,
a little _north of Timbuctoo_. This is not the place for discussing
the situation of Oualet and comparing it with the Gualata of Leo
Africanus, which he states[169] to be three hundred miles south
of _Nun_, five hundred north of _Tumbut_, and a hundred from the
ocean. It may suffice to say, that a single point cannot possibly
fulfil these different conditions.
I think, however, that there is a very easy solution of the
difficulty. Park and his editors having fallen into the error of
imagining Timbuctoo much more south than it really is, have made a
corresponding change in the position of Oualet: in short, the place
noticed by M. Caillié is situated _relatively to Timbuctoo_, very
nearly as it is placed in the second map of the English traveller,
and both must be carried much farther north than they there appear.
* * * * *
It would be easy to extend these geographical remarks by a number
of scientific deductions, more or less interesting to some readers;
but it is time to bring this volume to a close, and in conclusion
to claim the public indulgence in behalf of a work hastily drawn
up, and whose only substantial recommendation to attention is the
importance of its subject, and the influence which the discovery
itself must sooner or later exercise over future enterprizes.[170]