us to advance in severity towards this profane class, to which the
enduring "Ecce Homo," or manifestation of any properly human sentiment
or person, must always be instinctively abominable, seems to be
conclusively indicated by the order following on the parable of the
Talents,--"Those mine enemies, bring hither, and slay them before me."
Nor does it seem reasonable, on the other hand, to set the limits of
favouritism more narrowly. For even if, among fallible mortals, there
may frequently be ground for the hesitation of just men to award the
punishment of death to their enemies, the most beautiful story, to my
present knowledge, of all antiquity, that of Cleobis and Bito, might
suggest to them the fitness on some occasions, of distributing without
any hesitation the reward of death to their friends. For surely the
logical conclusion of the Bishop of Peterborough, respecting the
treatment due to old women who have nothing supernatural about them,
holds with still greater force when applied to the case of old women who
have everything supernatural about them; and while it might remain
questionable to some of us whether we had any right to deprive an
invalid who had no soul, of what might still remain to her of even
painful earthly existence; it would surely on the most religious grounds
be both our privilege and our duty at once to dismiss any troublesome
sufferer who _had_ a soul, to the distant and inoffensive felicities of
heaven.
184. But I believe my hearers will approve me in again declining to
disturb the serene confidence of daily action by these speculations in
extreme; the really useful conclusion which, it seems to me, cannot be
evaded, is that, without going so far as the exile of the inconveniently
wicked, and translation of the inconveniently sick, to their proper
spiritual mansions, we should at least be certain that we do not waste
care in protracting disease which might have been spent in preserving
health; that we do not appease in the splendour of our turreted
hospitals the feelings of compassion which, rightly directed, might
have prevented the need of them; nor pride ourselves on the peculiar
form of Christian benevolence which leaves the cottage roofless to model
the prison, and spends itself with zealous preference where, in the keen
words of Carlyle, if you desire the material on which maximum
expenditure of means and effort will produce the minimum result, "here
you accurately have it."
185. I cannot but, in conclusion, most respectfully but most earnestly,
express my hope that measures may be soon taken by the Lords Spiritual
of England to assure her doubting mind of the real existence of that
supernatural revelation of the basis of morals to which the Bishop of
Peterborough referred in the close of his paper; or at least to explain
to her bewildered populace the real meaning and force of the Ten
Commandments, whether written originally by the finger of God or Man. To
me personally, I own, as one of that bewildered populace, that the essay
by one of our most distinguished members on the Creed of Christendom
seems to stand in need of explicit answer from our Divines; but if not,
and the common application of the terms "Word of God" to the books of
Scripture be against all question tenable, it becomes yet more
imperative on the interpreters of that Scripture to see that they are
not made void by our traditions, and that the Mortal sins of
Covetousness, Fraud, Usury, and contention be not the essence of a
National life orally professing submission to the laws of Christ, and
satisfaction in His Love.
J. RUSKIN.
"Thou shalt not covet; but tradition
Approves all forms of Competition."
ARTHUR CLOUGH.
INDEX.
[Transcriber's note: entries here of page numbers followed by _n._
should indicate that references will be found in a note on that page
number. However, most of these references to notes on particular pages
are inaccurate. The direct page number links, however, are accurate.]
(_The references are made to the numbered paragraphs, not to the pages,
and are thus applicable to every edition of the book since that of
1880._)
Accumulation of learning, its law, 73.
Accuracy and depth of study, distinct, 1857 _pref._
Admiration, increase of, a test of progress in art, 167.
Almsgiving, 142.
" parish, &c., 129.
Almshouses, decoration of, 115.
" prejudice of poor against, 129-30.
Alpine climbing, risks of, 151.
Ambition, in youth and age, 26.
America, absence of great art in, 87.
" bad shipbuilding in, 112 _n._
" commercial panic in, 151.
Ancestors, respect for their work insisted on, 72.
Architecture, Gothic, sculpture to be in easiest materials, 34.
" " to be studied at Verona, 76.
" variety in, to be demanded, 32.
" " cheapens the price, _ib._
Arcola, battle of, 77.
Arethusa, the, and the Belle-Poule engraving, 147.
[Greek: Aretê] and art, 155.
Art, cheap, its purchase, 40.
" " great art not to be too cheap, and why, 62 _seq._
" demand for good, and the possibility of having too much, 38.
" dress, beauty of, essential to good art, 54.
" education in (author's paper on), 153 _seq._
" function of, to exalt as well as to please, 38.
" -gift and art-study, 172.
" good, to be lasting in its materials and power, 39.
" " to be done for and be worthy of all time, 46.
" great, the expression of a great soul, 136.
" has laws, which must be recognised, 157.
" -intellect in a nation, cannot be created, 20-1.
" its debt to Italy, 82.
" labour and, 19.
" " the labour to be various, easy, permanent, 31 _seq._
" literature and, the cost of, 67.
" love of old, essential to produce new, 88.
" materials of, to be lasting, 39, 42.
" models in art schools, 162-4.
" modern interest in, 168.
" " " objects of, and old pictures, 86.
" original work, the best to buy, 41.
" permanency of--e.g., a painted window, 37.
" -power a gift, 158.
" " in a nation, how to produce, 132.
" " waste of, on perishable things, 45.
" preservation of works of, 73-4.
" " (1857) more important than production, 92.
" price of good, 41. See s. Pictures.
" progress in, tested by increased imagination, 167.
" public to demand noble subjects of, 29.
" " effect of public demand on, 165.
" repetition in, monotonous, 32.
" schools, trial, 22-3.
" " provincial, to have good art-models, 169.
" students, 153 seq.
" -study will not "pay," 174.
" test of good, will it please a century hence? 39.
" value of, depends on artist's capacity, not education, 136.
" variety of work, 32.
" work, hard, needed for, 158.
" works of, illustrate each other, 63.
" works of, property in, 147.
" " provincial distribution of, 169.
" " their conservative effect, 132 _n._
" " to be lasting, 36.
See s. Admiration, America, Architecture, Arethusa,
Aretê, Artist, Beauty, Buildings, Cheapness, Colour,
Criticism, Design, Diletto, Drawing, Dress, Education,
Europe, Florence, France, Genius, Glass, Gold, Goldsmiths,
Historical painting, Indian shawls, Italy, Jewels, Labour,
Lace, Lombard, Marble, Mosaic, Painter, Philosophy, Pictures,
Reverence, Schools, Trade, Wall-paper, War, Water colour, Wealth, Woodcuts.
Artist, education of the, to be a gentleman--_i.e._, feel nobly, 28.
" encouragement of, in youth, 23.
" goldsmith's work, good training for, 46.
" greatest, have other powers than their art, 21.
" jealousy among, 98.
" modern training of, 132.
" _nascitur non fit_, 20.
" temper of, what, 132.
" to be a good man, 28.
" trial schools to discover, 22-3.
See s. Dürer, Francia, Gainsborough, Ghiberti,
Ghirlandajo, Giotto, Leonardo, Lewis, Lorenzetti,
Michael Angelo, Rembrandt, Reynolds, Tintoret, Titian,
Turner, Veronese, Verrocchio.
"Asphodel meadows of our youth," 26.
Athletic games and education, 128.
Austrians, in Italy, 78.
Author, his idea of a knight, when a child, 106.
" " teaching young lady to copy old MS., 180.
life of:
at Brantwood, April 29, 1880.
" Manchester, July 10 and 13, 1857, 1, 61.
" Metaphysical Society, 1875, 175.
" Oxford, art teaching, _pref._ ix.
" Working Men's College, 156.
" Venice, 141 _n._
" teaching of:
misunderstood, 180.
political economy, has read no modern books on, 1857 _pref._
political influence of art, 1880 _pref._
true wealth honoured by, 1.
words fail him to express modern folly, 49.
" books of, quoted, &c.:
" A Joy for Ever" contains germs of subsequent work, 1880 _pref._
" revision for press, 1857 _pref._
" title, 1880 _pref._
on his own writings, 140.
they cost him pain, and he does not expect then to give pleasure,
1880 _pref._
Barataria, the island of ("Don Quixote "), 65.
Beauty in art, on what based, vi.
Bible, The, to be realised as (not only called) God's Word 185.
_Quoted, or referred to._
Job iii. 3, "Let the day perish wherein I was born ... a child conceived,
119.
" xxxi. 40, "Let thistles grow instead of wheat," &c., 101.
Ps. xxxii. 8, "I will guide thee with mine eye," 18.
" xxxii. 9, "Be ye not as the horse or mule," 18.
" c. 4, "Enter into His gates with thanksgiving," 1880 _pref._
Prov. i. 20, "Wisdom uttereth her voice in the streets," 112 _n._
" iii. 15, "Wisdom more precious than rubies," 174.
" iii. 16, "Length of days are in her right hand," &c., 130.
" iii. 17, "Her ways pleasantness and her paths peace," 120.
" xiii. 23, "Much food is in the tillage of the poor," 7 _n._
" xxxi. 15, "She riseth while it is yet night," 9, 58.
" xxxi. 25, "Strength and honour are in her clothing," &c., 60.
Hab. ii., its practical lessons, 112 n.
" ii. 6, "Woe to him ... that ladeth himself with thick clay," 112 _n._
" ii. 12, "Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood," 112 _n._
" ii. 13, "The people weary themselves for vanity," 112 _n._
Zach. vii. 9, 10, "Execute true judgment ... and let none imagine evil,"
&c., 112 _n._
Matt. vii. 16, "Gather figs of thistles," 133.
Luke xix. 26, "To him that hath shall be given," 181.
" xix. 27, "Those mine enemies bring hither and slay them before me, 183.
2 Thess. iii. 10, "If any work not, neither shall he eat," 145.
Books, not to be too cheap, and why, 65.
" numbers of, nowadays, and the result, 140.
Botany, what to learn in, 128.
Bridle of man, the Eye of God, 18.
Brotherhood--"All men are brothers," what it implies, 14.
" politically and divinely, 121.
Browning, E. B., on Italy, 78 _n._
Buildings, public, their decoration, 104.
Capitalist, the, his command over men, 4.
Carlyle, T., on the value of horses and men, 18.
" "keen words" of, _quoted_, 184.
Casa Guidi, windows of the, referred to, 36 _n._
Charity, crowning kingship (Siena fresco), 59.
" in preserving health, not in protracting disease, 184.
" is guidance, 127.
" not a geographical virtue, 81.
" true, defined, 118.
Charon, 3.
Chartres, 86.
Cheapness not to be considered in producing art, 37.
" of good art, undesirable and why, 62 _seq._
Cheating disgraceful, but being cheated is not, 89.
Church-going and life, 14.
" restoration, mania for, 86-7.
Clarke, Dr. Adam, at the Metaphysical Society, 176.
Cleobis and Bito, death of, 109.
" story of, beautiful, 183.
Clergymen, to preach practically--_e.g._, on trade, 112 _n._
Cleverness, best shown in sympathy with the aims of others, 170.
Clough, Arthur, _quoted_, 185 _n._
Cocoa-nut, simile from a, as to the cheapness of good art, 64.
Colour, good, to be lasting, 44.
" local, as an element of chiaroscuro, 162.
Commerce, cowardice and, 177.
" frauds of, 151-2.
" modern, 1857 _pref._ xi.
Competition, a bad thing in education, 135.
Conservatism, true, 58.
Country, serving one's, with plough, pen, and sword, 129.
Cricket, the game of, 128.
Criticism, mistaken blame worse than mistaken praise, 24.
" public, its effect on artists, 24.
Currency, national, its nature, 149.
Dante--_Inferno_, the purse round the neck as a sign of condemnation, 4.
" " _Lasciate ogni speranza_, 93.
Deane, Sir T., on the Oxford Museum, 32.
Death, as a reward, 183.
Design, dependent on proportion, 160.
" study of, 159.
" subjects of, 172-3.
Development, the direction of human, 175.
Dialogue on "paternal government," 121.
Diamond-cutting, waste of time, 34.
Dictionary of classical antiquities, woodcuts in, 107.
"Diletto" and art, 155.
Diogenes, respected, 2-3.
Discipline the basis of progress, 16.
Discovery of men of genius, 20.
Disobedience destroys power of understanding, 1857 _pref._ x.
Drawing as a means of description, 153.
" lessons, 156.
" to be learnt, as reading or writing, 153, 158.
" to scale, to be learnt, 160.
Dress, art of, 47.
" beautiful, essential to great art--_e.g._, its portraiture, 54.
" " characteristics of, 54.
" " a means of education, 54.
" best, not the costliest, 54.
" employment of labour--_e.g._, ball-dresses, 50.
" fashion in, wasted power of design, 45.
" fine, the spoils of death, 53.
" " as a subject of expenditure, 146.
" " under what circumstance, right and wrong, 52.
" lace, its value, 171.
Dürer's engravings, art-models, 169.
" " permanency of, 42.
" " crest with cock, as art-model, 164.
" woodcuts, 40.
Economy, its true meaning (application: accumulation: distribution), 8 _seq._
" the art of managing labour, 7, 8.
" the balance of splendour and utility, 10.
" does not mean saving money, 8.
" simile of farm life, 11.
" the laws of, same for nation and individual, 12 _seq._
See s. Almsgiving, Author, Capitalist, Charity, Cheating,
Commerce, Currency, Education, Employment, England, Farm,
Gentlemen, Gold, Labour, Land, Luxury, Money, National works,
Panics, Parish relief, Pension, Political Economy, Poor, Poverty,
Property, Trade, Wealth.
Education, best claimed by offering obedience, 16.
" drawing to be part of, 156.
" dress as a means of, 54.
" eye, the best medium of, 106.
" formative, not reformative only, 15.
" in Art, author's paper on, 153 _seq._
" liberty to be controlled by, 128.
" manual trade to be learnt by all youths, 128.
" modern, 135.
" " in England, its bad tendency, 177.
" schools of, to be beautiful, 104-5.
" refinement of habits, a part of, 104.
" waste of, on dead languages, 128.
" young men, their, 134.
Edward I., progress since the days of, 1857 _pref._
Emotion, quickness of, is not capacity for it, 132.
Employment, may be claimed by the obedient, 16.
England, art-treasures in, their number, 5.
" modern, its ugliness, 176.
" the rich men of, their duty, 118-9.
English character, impulse and prudence of, 17.
" " self-dependence, 130.
Envy, vile, 177.
Europe, no great art, except in, 87.
Examinations, their educational aim and value, 136.
Eye, the, nobler than the ear, and a better means of education, 106.
Faith, frescoes of, Ambrozio Lorenzetti, Siena, 57.
" kinds of, 57.
Famine, how it comes, 133.
Fancy, as essential to fine manufacture, 172.
Farm, metaphor of a, applied to national economy, 11.
Fashion, change of, as wasting power of design, 45.
Florence, art and dress of, 54.
" drawing at, 1400-1500, art-models, 169.
Fools, the wise to take of the, 118.
France, art in, great, and beautiful dress, 54.
" English prejudice against, 81.
" social philosophy in, "fraternité" a true principle, 14.
Francia, a goldsmith, 46.
Frescoes, whitewashing of Italian, 85.
Fraternity implies paternity, 14 (cp. Time and Tide, 177).
Funeral, English love of a "decent," 70.
Gainsborough, his want of gentle training, 28.
" learns from Italian art, 82.
Genius, men of, and art, four questions as to (production, employment,
accumulation, distribution), 19.
" " their early struggles, due to their starting on wrong work, 23.
Gentlemen, tradesmen to be accounted, 114.
Ghiberti's gates, M. Angelo on, 46.
" a goldsmith, 46.
Ghirlandajo, a goldsmith, 46.
" M. Angelo's master, 46.
Giotto's frescoes, Assisi, perishing for want of care, 86.
" discovered by Cimabue, 133.
Glass, cut, waste of labour on, 34.
" painted, French 1200-1300, the best, 169.
God always sends men for the work, but we crush them, 133.
" His work, its fulfilment by men, 122.
Gold, its uses, as a medium of exchange, 150.
" " incorruptible and to be used for lasting things, 46.
" " not therefore to be used for coinage, 46.
Goldsmiths, artists who have been, 46.
" educational training for artists, 46 _n._
" work of, 45 _seq._
Government, enforcement of divine law, 121.
" in details, 122 _seq._
" paternal, 14.
" " "in loco parentis," 16 _n._
" " defined, 121.
" principles of, at the root of economy, 11
" " Faith, Hope, Charity, 57.
" to be conservative, but expectant, 58.
" to form, not only reform, 15.
" to give work to all who want it, 129.
Great men and the public, 137
" the work they are sent to do, 133
Greatness, the humility of, 137.
Greece, development of physical beauty, 176.
Guilds of trade, decoration of their buildings, 116 _seq._
Hesiod's "Eris", 176.
Historians, mistaken way of pointing out how great men are fitted for
their work, 133.
Historical painting as a means of education, 106-7.
History, the study of mediæval, as well as ancient, insisted on, 109.
Horace, "justus, et propositi tenax," 182.
" "prava jubentium," _ib._
Horse and man, bridling of, 18.
Hospitals, decoration of, 114.
Housewife, her seriousness and her smile, 10.
Housewifery, perfect, 10.
Humility of greatness, 137.
" the companion of joy and usefulness, 168.
Illustrations, modern, bad art of, 40.
Independence, dishonest efforts after, 131.
Indian shawls, design of, 173.
Industry, its duty to the past and future, 72.
Infidelity, modern, 177.
Invention, national, of new wants, 138.
Inventors, to be publicly rewarded, but to have no patents, 113.
Island, desert, analogy of a, and political economy, 110.
Italy, Austrians in, 78.
" cradle of art, 82.
" destruction of art in modern, 84.
" modern art of, 85.
" state of, 1857, 84.
" thunderclouds in, "the winepress of God's wrath," 77.
Italian character, 84.
Jewels, cutting of, 52.
" modern, bad and costly, 159.
" property in, 146.
Jews, Christian dislike of, 81.
Keats, quoted, "a joy for ever," 1880 _pref._ ix-x.
King, the virtues of a (Siena fresco), 60.
Kingship, crowned by charity (Siena fresco), 59.
" modern contempt for, 177.
Labour, a claim to property, 145.
" constant, not intermittent, needed, 11.
" end of, is happiness, not money, 174.
" " to bring the whole country under cultivation, 12.
" management of, _is_ economy, 7.
" organisation of, no "out of work" cry, 11-12.
" " under government, planned, 127-31.
" sufficiency of a man's labour for all his needs, 7.
" " " nation's " its " 7.
Labour, _continued_;--
" waste of, in various kinds of useless art, cut-glass, mosaic, &c, 34.
" " dress, 50 _seq._
Lace-making, 52.
" machine and hand-made, 170.
" value of, in its labour, 171.
Laissez-aller, a ruinous principle, 16.
Land, the laws of cultivation, the same for a continent as for an acre, 12.
-owners, their duties, 143.
Law and liberty, 123.
" most irksome, when most necessary, 15.
" principles of, applied to minor things, 123.
" should regulate everything it can, 126.
" systems of, none perfect, 124.
" to be protective, not merely punitive, 15.
Legislation, paternal, dialogue on, 121.
Leonardo da Vinci, an engineer, 21.
" " " pupil of Verrocchio, 46.
" " "work by, at Florence, 164.
Leonidas' death, 109.
Lewis, John, his work, and its prices, 102 n.
Liberalism in government, true, 58.
Liberty, law and, 123.
" to be interfered with, for good of nation, 123-26.
Life, battles of early, for men of genius, 23.
" ideal of, simplicity _plus_ imagination, 147.
Literature, cheap, modern, 65.
Lombard architecture at Pisa and Verona, 76.
London season, cost of, in dress, 55.
Look, people will not, at things, 141.
Lorenzetti, Ambrozio, his frescoes of "government" at Siena, 57.
Love and Kingship, _see_ s. Charity.
Luxury, articles of, as "property," 146.
" does not add to wealth, 48.
" the influences of, 138.
Macaulay's false saying, "the giants of one age, the pigmies
of the next," 168.
Magnanimity, the virtue of, its full meaning, 60.
Mammon worship, in English commercial centres, 151.
Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition 1858, 5, 69.
" " motto of, "A joy for ever," 1880 _pref._
Mansfield Art Night Class, address to, 1873, 166 _seq._
Manufacture, defined, 169.
Marathon, 109.
Marble, a better material for sculpture than granite, 34.
Marriage, desire for, in girls, 55.
Medici, Pietro de, orders M. Angelo's snow-statue, 36.
Menippus, 3.
Metaphysical Society, author, May 4, 1875, reads paper at, 175.
Michael Angelo, author's praise of, 36.
" " Ghirlandajo's pupil, 46.
" " on Ghiberti's gates, 46.
" " snow-statue, 36.
Mill, J. S., on wealth, 145_n._
" " on women, 180.
Misery, always the result of indolence or mistaken industry, 7.
Mistress, of a house, ideal, described, 9, 10.
Modernism, contempt for poverty and honour of wealth, 1 seq.
_See_ s. Commerce, Education, England, Italy, Wealth.
Money, a document of title, 148.
" God's gift and not our own, and why, 116 _seq._
" great work never done for, 98, 102.
" spending, is to employ labour, 48.
" the way we spend it, important, 48-9.
Morality, mechanical basis of, 176.
" not to be limited to a class, 182.
Moral sense, the, defined, 177.
Mosaic, Florentine, waste of labour, 34.
Motive, the only real, and rightness, 81.
Mourning, English love of, 70.
Museums, provincial, art-models for, 169.
National works, as a means of art employment, 24.
Nations in "brotherly concord and fatherly authority," 14.
" energy of, to be directed, 16.
" laws of, to be protective as well as punitive, 14.
Natural forms, as subjects of design, 172.
" History, the study of, to be extended, 155.
" Science, and drawing, 156.
New York, council of, on luxury, 138_n._
Nottingham lace, 170.
Novara, battle of, 77.
Obedience, to what we dislike, 1857 _pref._
Obstinacy of great men against the public, 137-8.
Overwork, decried, 11.
Oxford Museum, Sir T. Deane on the, 32.
Painter, poverty of early years, 100.
" prices paid to a, 98.
Panics, commercial--_e.g._, 1857, 151.
Paper, necessity of good, for water-colour art, 43.
Parable, The Ten Talents, its practical application, 114-15.
Parents, noble delight of pleasing one's, possible only to the young, 27.
Paris, destruction of, 1870-1, 168.
Parish relief, no more _infra dig._ than State pensions, 129.
Patents, no, but private inventions to be publicly rewarded, 113.
Patriotism, what, 81.
Pensions, are Government alms, 129.
Peterborough, Bishop of, paper read at Metaphysical Society, 176, 183, 185.
Photography, as a means of providing art-models, 164.
" collections of Florentine Gallery photos, _ib._
Pictures, copies of, to be made, but not to be bought, 90.
" dealers, and old pictures, 85.
" destruction of, 69.
" galleries, in all great cities, 91.
" " their supervision and curators, 93.
" pictorial method of education, 106 _seq._
" price of, 101, 38.
Pictures, price of, _continued_:--
" " effect of high prices on artists and on art, 97 _seq._
" " by living artists, shows not value, but demand, 101.
" " by dead and living masters, 103.
" " modern prices, 38.
" " of oil and water-colour, 102 _n._
" " to be limited but not too cheap, 66, 95-6.
" private possession of, its value, 93-4.
" purchase of, private buyers to buy the works of living artists,
the public those of dead, 103, 94, 5.
" " for ostentation, 101.
" " the government to buy great works, 89.
" restoration of, notes of, to be kept for reference, 94 _n._
" " in Italy, 85.
" sale of a picture, its politico-economical effect, 132 _n._
" studies for, tracings, and copies of, to be kept, 90 _seq._
Pisa, architecture at, 76.
" Campo Santo, The, 82.
Plate, changes of fashion in, deplored, 45.
" gold and silver to be gradually accumulated, not melted down and
remodelled, 46.
Ploughing, boys to learn, 128.
Political economists, their thrift, 89.
" Economy, modern books on, 1857 _pref._
" " the aim of true, 145.
" " is citizen's economy, 1857 _pref._
" " definition and true meaning of, 132 _n._
" " first principles of, simple but misunderstood, 1857 _pref._
" " its questions to be dealt with one by one, 38.
" " study of, to be accurate, if not deep, 1857 _pref._
" " secrecy in trade bad, 110 _seq._
" " _See_ s. Economy.
Politics, English, 82.
" European, 1848, 1857, 80.
" _See_ s. Conservatism, Liberalism.
Poor, the, their right to State education and support, 127.
Poor, the, _continued_;--
" are kept at the expense of the rich, 127 _n._
" to be taken care of, 118.
Poverty, classical writers on, 2.
" mediæval view of, 4.
" modern contempt for, just and right, 1 _seq._
Posterity, thought for, 72.
Praise, only the young can enjoy, for the old are above it,
if they deserve it, 26.
Pride, as a motive of expenditure, 79.
Prize-giving, a bad thing in education, 135.
" its true value and meaning, 166.
Productive and unproductive transactions, 132 _n._
Progress, modern, since Edward I., 1857 _pref._
Property, division of, into things producing (_a_) life, (_b_) the objects of
life, 144 _seq._
" the right of, to be acknowledged, 142.
Providence, notion of a special, 133.
Public, the, favour of, 137.
" great men and, 137.
" impatient of what it cannot understand, 140-1.
Punishment, the rationale of human, 123.
Purse-pride, modern and ancient, 2.
Railway speed, 86.
Raphael's Disputation, 147.
Religion, national, its beauty, _pref._
Rembrandt's "spotted shell" as a model in etching, 164.
Renaissance architecture at Verona, 76.
Restraint, the law of life, 16.
Reverence for art, a test of art power, 167.
Reynolds, Sir J., learns much from Italian art, 82.
" portraits of, models of art, 169.