ceremonies, came up, and without waiting for further explanation, rudely
seized me by the collar with the intention of putting me out; in return
for which insult he received a substantial mark of British indignation,
and at the same time an uncomplimentary remark in his own language. In
an instant all was uproar; a French picket was called, which in a short
time overpowered and carried me off to the guard-house of the regiment.
I was, however, promptly freed from detention on announcing my name, but
the officer who had collared me demanded an apology for the portion of
the _fracas_ concerning him personally. This being of course refused, a
challenge was the consequence; and on the following morning we met
behind the ramparts and exchanged shots, my ball passing through the
poor fellow’s thigh and dropping him. My escape, too, was a narrow
one—his ball perforating my coat, waistcoat, and shirt, and bruising my
side. Seeing my adversary fall, I stepped up to him—imagining his wound
to be serious—and expressed a hope that he had not been hit in a vital
part. His reply—uttered with all the politeness of his nation—was, that
“he was not materially hurt.” I, however, was not at ease, for it was
impossible not to regret this, to him, serious _dénouement_ of a
trumpery affair, though arising from his own intemperate conduct. It was
a lesson to me in future never to do anything in frolic which might give
even unintentional offence.
On the 3rd of February we sailed under orders for Tripoli, to make
arrangements for fresh provisions for the fleet. This being effected,
the _Speedy_ returned to Malta, and on the 20th again left port in
charge of a convoy for Tunis.
24th.—At the entrance of Tunis Bay we gave chase to a strange sail,
which wore and stood in towards the town, anchoring at about the
distance of three miles. Suspecting some reason for this movement, I
despatched an officer to examine her, when the suspicion was confirmed
by his ascertaining her to be _La Belle Caroline_, French brig of four
guns, bound for Alexandria with field-pieces, ammunition, and wine for
the use of the French army in Egypt.
Our position was one of delicacy, the vessel being in a neutral port,
where, if we remained to watch her, she might prolong our stay for an
indefinite period or escape in the night; whilst, from the warlike
nature of the cargo, it was an object of national importance to effect
her capture. The latter appearing the most beneficial course under all
circumstances, we neared her so as to prevent escape, and soon after
midnight boarded her, and having weighed her anchor, brought her close
to the _Speedy_, before she had an opportunity of holding any
communication with the shore.
The following day was employed in examining her stores, a portion of her
ammunition being transferred to our magazine, to replace some damaged by
leakage. Her crew, now on board the _Speedy_ as prisoners, becoming
clamorous at what they considered an illegal seizure, and being,
moreover, in our way, an expedient was adopted to get rid of them, by
purposely leaving their own launch within reach during the following
night, with a caution to the watch not to prevent their desertion should
they attempt it. The hint was taken, for before daylight on the 27th
they seized the boat, and pulled out of the bay without molestation, not
venturing to go to Tunis lest they should be retaken. We thus got rid of
the prisoners, and at the same time of what might have turned out their
reasonable complaint to the Tunisian authorities, for that we had
exceeded the bounds of neutrality there could be no doubt.
On the 28th we weighed anchor, and proceeded to sea with our prize.
After cruising for some days off Cape Bon we made sail for Cagliari,
where we arrived on the 8th of March, and put to sea on the 11th with
the prize in tow. On the 16th, anchored in Port Mahon.
On the 18th we again put to sea, and towards evening observed a large
frigate in chase of us. As she did not answer the private signal, it was
evident that the stranger was one of our Spanish friends on the
look-out. To cope with a vessel of her size and armament would have been
folly, so we made all sail away from her, but she gave instant chase,
and evidently gained upon us. To add to our embarrassment, the _Speedy_
sprung her maintopgallant-yard, and lost ground whilst fishing it.
At daylight the following morning the strange frigate was still in
chase, though by crowding all sail during the night we had gained a
little upon her; but during the day she again recovered her advantage,
the more so as the breeze freshening, we were compelled to take in our
royals, whilst she was still carrying on with everything set. After
dark, we lowered a tub overboard with a light in it, and altering our
course thus fortunately evaded her. On the 1st of April we returned to
Port Mahon, and again put to sea on the 6th.
“_April_ 11.—Observing a vessel near the shoal of Tortosa, gave chase.
On the following morning her crew deserted her, and we took
possession. In the evening anchored under the land.
“13.—Saw three vessels at anchor in a bay to the westward of Oropesa.
Made sail up to them and anchored on the flank of a ten-gun fort.
Whilst the firing was going on, the boats were sent in to board and
bring out the vessels, which immediately weighed and got under the
fort. At 5:30 P.M. the boats returned with one of them; the other two
being hauled close in shore, we did not make any further attempt to
capture them. As the prize, the _Ave Maria_, of four guns, was in
ballast, we took the sails and spars out of her, and set her on fire.
“On the following morning at daybreak, several vessels appeared to the
eastward. Made all sail to intercept them, but before we could come
up, they succeeded in anchoring under a fort. On standing towards
them, they turned out to be Spanish gun-boats, which commenced firing
at us. At 10 A.M. anchored within musket-shot, so as to keep an angle
of the tower on our beam, thus neutralising its effect. Commenced
firing broadsides alternately at the tower and the gun-boats, with
visible advantage. Shortly before noon made preparation to cut out the
gun-boats, but a fresh breeze setting in dead on shore, rendered it
impossible to get at them without placing ourselves in peril. We
thereupon worked out of the bay.
“15.—Two strange sail in sight. Gave chase, and in a couple of hours
came up with and captured them. Made sail after a convoy in the
offing, but the wind falling light at dusk, lost sight of them.
“On the 26th we anchored in Mahon, remaining a week to refit and
procure fresh hands, many having been sent away in prizes. On the 2nd
of May put to sea with a reduced crew, some of whom had to be taken
out of H.M.’s prison.”
We again ran along the Spanish coast, and on the 4th of May were off
Barcelona, where the _Speedy_ captured a vessel which reported herself
as Ragusan, though in reality a Spanish four-gun tartan. Soon after
detaining her we heard firing in the W. N.-W., and steering for that
quarter fell in with a Spanish privateer, which we also captured, the
_San Carlos_, of seven guns. On this a swarm of gun-boats came out of
Barcelona, seven of them giving chase to us and the prizes, with which
we made off shore, the gun-boats returning to Barcelona.
On the following morning the prizes were sent to Port Mahon, and keeping
out of sight for the rest of the day, the _Speedy_ returned at midnight
off Barcelona, where we found the gun-boats on the watch; but on our
approach they ran in shore, firing at us occasionally. Suspecting that
the object was to decoy us within reach of some larger vessel, we
singled out one of them and made at her, the others, however, supporting
her so well that some of our rigging being shot away, we made off shore
to repair, the gun-boats following. Having thus got them to some
distance, and repaired damages, we set all sail, and again ran in shore,
in the hope of getting between them and the land, so as to cut off some
of their number. Perceiving our intention, they all made for the port as
before, keeping up a smart fight, in which our foretopgallant-yard was
so much injured, that we had to shift it, and were thus left astern. The
remainder of the day was employed in repairing damages, and the
gun-boats not venturing out again, at 9 P.M. we again made off shore.
Convinced that something more than ordinary had actuated the gun-boats
to decoy us—just before daylight on the 6th we again ran in for
Barcelona, when the trap manifested itself in the form of a large ship,
running under the land, and bearing E. S.-E. On hauling towards her, she
changed her course in chase of us, and was shortly made out to be a
Spanish xebec frigate.
As some of my officers had expressed dissatisfaction at not having been
permitted to attack the frigate fallen in with on the 21st of December,
after her suspicions had been lulled by our device of hoisting Danish
colours, &c., I told them they should now have a fair fight,
notwithstanding that, by manning the two prizes sent to Mahon, our
numbers had been reduced to fifty-four, officers and boys included.
Orders were then given to pipe all hands, and prepare for action.
Accordingly we made towards the frigate, which was now coming down under
steering sails. At 9·30 A.M., she fired a gun and hoisted Spanish
colours, which the _Speedy_ acknowledged by hoisting American colours,
our object being, as we were now exposed to her full broadside, to
puzzle her, till we got on the other tack, when we ran up the English
ensign, and immediately afterwards encountered her broadside without
damage.
Shortly afterwards she gave us another broadside, also without effect.
My orders were not to fire a gun till we were close to her; when,
running under her lee, we locked our yards amongst her rigging, and in
this position returned our broadside, such as it was.
To have fired our popgun 4-pounders at a distance would have been to
throw away the ammunition; but the guns being doubly, and, as I
afterwards learned, trebly, shotted, and being elevated, they told
admirably upon her main deck; the first discharge, as was subsequently
ascertained, killing the Spanish captain and the boatswain.
My reason for locking our small craft in the enemy’s rigging was the one
upon which I mainly relied for victory, viz. that from the height of the
frigate out of the water, the whole of her shot must necessarily go over
our heads, whilst our guns, being elevated, would blow up her main-deck.
The Spaniards speedily found out the disadvantage under which they were
fighting, and gave the order to board the _Speedy_; but as this order
was as distinctly heard by us as by them, we avoided it at the moment of
execution by sheering off sufficiently to prevent the movement, giving
them a volley of musketry and a broadside before they could recover
themselves.
Twice was this manœuvre repeated, and twice thus averted. The Spaniards
finding that they were only punishing themselves, gave up further
attempts to board, and stood to their guns, which were cutting up our
rigging from stem to stern, but doing little farther damage; for after
the lapse of an hour the loss to the _Speedy_ was only two men killed
and four wounded.
This kind of combat, however, could not last. Our rigging being cut up
and the _Speedy’s_ sails riddled with shot, I told the men that they
must either take the frigate or be themselves taken, in which case the
Spaniards would give no quarter—whilst a few minutes energetically
employed on their part would decide the matter in their own favour.
The doctor, Mr. Guthrie, who, I am happy to say, is still living to
peruse this record of his gallantry, volunteered to take the helm;
leaving him therefore for the time both commander and crew of the
_Speedy_, the order was given to board, and in a few seconds every man
was on the enemy’s deck—a feat rendered the more easy as the doctor
placed the _Speedy_ close alongside with admirable skill.
For a moment the Spaniards seemed taken by surprise, as though unwilling
to believe that so small a crew would have the audacity to board them;
but soon recovering themselves, they made a rush to the waist of the
frigate, where the fight was for some minutes gallantly carried on.
Observing the enemy’s colours still flying, I directed one of our men
immediately to haul them down, when the Spanish crew, without pausing to
consider by whose orders the colours had been struck, and naturally
believing it the act of their own officers, gave in, and we were in
possession of the _Gamo_ frigate, of thirty-two heavy guns and 319 men,
who an hour and a half before had looked upon us as a certain if not an
easy prey.
Our loss in boarding was Lieutenant Parker, severely wounded in several
places, one seaman killed and three wounded, which with those previously
killed and wounded gave a total of three seamen killed, and one officer
and seventeen men wounded.
The _Gamo’s_ loss was Captain de Torres—the boatswain—and thirteen
seamen killed, together with forty-one wounded; her casualties thus
exceeding the whole number of officers and crew on board the _Speedy_.
Some time after the surrender of the _Gamo_, and when we were in quiet
possession, the officer who had succeeded the deceased Captain Don
Francisco de Torres, not in command, but in rank, applied to me for a
certificate that he had done his duty during the action! whereupon he
received from me a certificate that he had “conducted himself like a
true Spaniard,” with which document he appeared highly gratified, and I
had afterwards the satisfaction of learning that it procured him further
promotion in the Spanish service!
Shortly before boarding an incident occurred which, by those who have
never been placed in similar circumstances, may be thought too absurd
for notice. Knowing that the final struggle would be a desperate one,
and calculating on the superstitious wonder which forms an element in
the Spanish character, a portion of our crew were ordered to blacken
their faces, and what with this and the excitement of combat, more
ferocious looking objects could scarcely be imagined. The fellows thus
disguised were directed to board by the head, and the effect produced
was precisely that calculated on. The greater portion of the Spaniard’s
crew was prepared to repel boarders in that direction, but stood for a
few moments as it were transfixed to the deck by the apparition of so
many diabolical looking figures emerging from the white smoke of the bow
guns; whilst our other men, who boarded by the waist, rushed on them
from behind, before they could recover from their surprise at the
unexpected phenomenon.
In difficult or doubtful attacks by sea,—and the odds of 50 men to 320
comes within this description,—no device can be too minute, even if
apparently absurd, provided it have the effect of diverting the enemy’s
attention whilst you are concentrating your own. In this, and other
successes against odds, I have no hesitation in saying that success in
no slight degree depended on out-of-the-way devices, which the enemy not
suspecting, were in some measure thrown off their guard.
The subjoined tabular view of the respective force of the two vessels
will best show the nature of the contest.
_Gamo._ │ _Speedy._
│
Main-deck guns.—Twenty-two long │Fourteen 4-pounders.
12-pounders. │
Quarter-deck.—Eight long │None.
8-pounders, and two 24-pounder │
carronades. │
No. of crew, 319. │No. of crew, 54.
Broadside weight of shot, 190 lbs.│Broadside weight of shot, 28 lbs.
Tonnage, 600 and upwards. │Tonnage, 158.
It became a puzzle what to do with 263 unhurt prisoners now we had taken
them, the _Speedy_ having only forty-two men left. Promptness was
however necessary; so driving the prisoners into the hold, with guns
pointing down the hatchway, and leaving thirty of our men on board the
prize—which was placed under the command of my brother, the Hon.
Archibald Cochrane, then a midshipman—we shaped our course to Port
Mahon—not Gibraltar, as has been recorded—and arrived there in safety;
the Barcelona gun-boats, though spectators of the action, not venturing
to rescue the frigate. Had they made the attempt, we should have had
some difficulty in evading them and securing the prize, the prisoners
manifesting every disposition to rescue themselves, and only being
deterred by their own main deck guns loaded with cannister, and pointing
down the hatchways, whilst our men stood over them with lighted matches.
The subjoined is Lord Keith’s letter in reply to my official
announcement of our success.
“_Foudroyant_, off Arab’s Tower,
“9th June, 1801.
“MY LORD,—I have received your lordship’s letter of the 13th ult.,
enclosing a copy of your letter to Captain Dixon, detailing your
engagement with and capture of the Spanish xebec of 32 guns; and
cannot fail to be extremely gratified with the communication of an
event so honourable to the naval service, and so highly creditable to
your lordship’s professional reputation, and to the intrepidity and
discipline of the _Speedy’s_ officers and men, to all of whom I
request your lordship will make my perfect satisfaction and
approbation known.
“I have the honour to be, My Lord,
“Your Lordship’s most obedient servant,
(Signed) “KEITH.
“The Right Hon. Lord Cochrane,
“_Speedy_.”
As a matter of course, my report of the capture of the _Gamo_ was, in
the first instance, made to the commandant at Port Mahon, the
commander-in-chief being in Egypt. It should have been forwarded by him
to the Secretary of the Admiralty, but was delayed for upwards of a
month, thus affording a pretence for not promoting me to post rank,
according to the recognised rules of the service.
From information on the affair being thus delayed, it was generally
believed at home, that the _Gamo_ had been taken by surprise, instead of
after a close engagement, deliberately decided on, and announced to the
officers and crew of the _Speedy_ at five o’clock in the morning, the
hands being turned up for the purpose. The consequence of the delay was
a postponement of my post commission for upwards of three months, viz.
from the 6th of May to the 8th of August; and what was of more
consequence, a misunderstanding with Lord St. Vincent, which bore most
unfavourably upon all my future prospects. Upon this subject much will
have to be said in a subsequent chapter.
The subjoined is a copy of my official report to the senior officer
commanding at Port Mahon; and also of his remarkably concise comment
thereon, when tardily transmitting the same to the Secretary of the
Admiralty.
_Copy of a letter from_ Capt. M. DIXON, _of H.M.S. Genereux, to_ E.
NEPEAN, Esq., _Secretary of the Admiralty, dated Port Mahon, 9th
June, 1800_.
“SIR,—I have the pleasure to transmit a copy of Lord Cochrane’s letter
relative to the very spirited and brilliant action with a Spanish
xebec frigate.
“I have the honour, &c.
“MANLEY DIXON.
“E. Nepean, Esq.”
“H. M. Sloop _Speedy_, off Barcelona,
“6th May, 1800.
“SIR,—I have the pleasure to inform you, that the sloop I have the
honour to command, after a mutual chase and warm action, has captured
a Spanish xebec frigate of 32 guns, 22 long 12-pounders, 8 nines, and
2 heavy carronades, viz. the _Gamo_, commanded by Don Francisco de
Torres, manned by 319 officers, seamen, and marines.
“The great disparity of force rendered it necessary to adopt some
measure that might prove decisive. I resolved to board, and with
Lieut. Parker, the Hon. A. Cochrane, the boatswain and crew, did so,
when, by the impetuosity of the attack, we forced them to strike. I
have to lament, in boarding, the loss of one man only; the severe
wounds received by Lieut. Parker, both from musketry and the sword,
one wound received by the boatswain, and one seaman.
“I must be permitted to say that there could not be greater
regularity, nor more cool determined conduct shown by men, than by the
crew of the _Speedy_. Lieut. Parker, whom I beg leave to recommend to
their Lordships’ notice, as well as the Hon. Mr. Cochrane, deserve all
the approbation that can be bestowed. The exertions and good conduct
of the boatswain, carpenter, and petty officers, I acknowledge with
pleasure, as well as the skill and attention of Mr. Guthrie, the
surgeon.
“I have the honour to be, &c.
“COCHRANE.
“M. Dixon, Esq.”
_Speedy’s force at commencement of action._
Fifty-four officers, men, and boys, 14 4-pounders. Three killed and 8
wounded.
_Gamo’s force at commencement of action._
Two hundred and seventy-four officers, seamen, and supernumeraries.
Forty-five marines. Guns, 32. Don Francisco de Torres, the boatswain,
and 13 men killed, 41 wounded.
CHAP. VI.
CRUISE OF THE _SPEEDY_ CONTINUED.
THE SPEEDY SENT TO ALGIERS.—INTERVIEW WITH THE DEY.—SPEEDY RETURNS TO
MINORCA.—ATTACK ON OROPESA.—ENEMY’S VESSELS DESTROYED.—LETTER OF
THANKS FROM LORD KEITH.—SPEEDY SENT IN CONVOY OF A PACKET.—CAPTURED
BY THREE FRENCH LINE OF BATTLE SHIPS, AND TAKEN TO ALGESIRAS.—ATTACK
BY SIR J. SAUMAREZ’S SQUADRON.—LOSS OF THE HANNIBAL.—CAPTURE OF
DOCKYARD ARTIFICERS.—GALLANTRY OF CAPTAIN KEATS.
Our success hitherto had procured us some prize money, notwithstanding
the peculations of the Mediterranean Admiralty Courts, by which the
greater portion of our captures was absorbed.
Despite this drawback, which generally disinclined officers and crews
from making extraordinary exertions, my own share of the twelvemonth’s
zealous endeavours in our little sloop was considerable, and even the
crew were in receipt of larger sums than those constituting the ordinary
pay of officers; a result chiefly owing to our nocturnal mode of
warfare, together with our refraining from meddling with vessels
ascertained to be loading in the Spanish ports, and then lying in wait
for them as they proceeded on their voyage.
One effect of our success was no slight amount of ill concealed jealousy
on the part of officers senior to myself, though there were some amongst
these who, being in command of small squadrons instead of single
vessels, might, had they adopted the same means, have effected far more
than the _Speedy_, with an armament so insignificant, was calculated to
accomplish.
After remaining some days at Port Mahon to refit, we prepared to return
to our cruising ground, where, from private information, we knew that
other prizes were at hand. In place of being permitted so to do, the
_Speedy_ received an order to proceed to Algiers, for the purpose of
representing to the Dey the illegality of his cruisers having taken a
British vessel in retaliation for an Algerine captured whilst violating
the law of blockade.
The mission was a singular one to be entrusted to the captain of one of
the smallest and worst armed vessels in the British service.
Remonstrance, to be effectual with a piratical government, ought to have
been committed to an officer armed with sufficient force at least to
induce respect. There was, however, no alternative but to obey, and a
short time saw us at anchor off the mole of the predatory potentate.
The request for an interview with his highness occasioned no little
dissatisfaction amongst his ministers, if those who were quite as much
his masters as his subordinates could be so termed. After some
consultation, the interview was, however, granted, and a day was
appointed to deliver my message.
The invariable Moslem preliminary of taking coffee having been gone
through, I was ushered through a series of galleries lined with men,
each bearing on his shoulder a formidable looking axe, and eyeing me
with an insolent scowl, evidently meant to convey the satisfaction with
which they would apply its edge to my vertebræ, should the caprice of
their chief so will.
On reaching the presence of the Dey—a dignified looking and gorgeously
attired person, seated cross-legged on an elevated couch in one corner
of the gallery and surrounded by armed people of most unprepossessing
appearance—I was marched up between two janizaries, and ordered to make
three salaams to his highness.