terrace about 100 feet above the Naches River and about
250 yards north of the two bridges near its mouth. Plate
IX, Fig. 1 (photograph no. 44493, 5-6) shows this from
the east with telegraph poles beyond. The stone circle
measured 6 feet north and south inside (16 outside) by 7
feet east and west inside (14 outside). Our excavation
here was 6 by 5 by 4 feet deep. Fragments of charred
human bones, and some that seemed not to be charred, of
six or seven individuals were found from about 1 foot
deep down to 4 feet deep. Most of these were pieces of
skulls, but pieces of many other bones were found. The
bones which were most burned, were those found nearest
the surface. Much charcoal was seen. A layer of ashes
about 6 inches in thickness was found in the center. In
the northwest part of the hole a skeleton was found lying
on the left side flexed, the face east, and the head
north. This may have been buried after the others. The
bones were very much decomposed and the skull was broken
into small pieces. Numbers 202-8172 to 202-8174 were
found in this grave.
202-8172. A shell ornament found on the east side of the
skull.
202-8173. Two dentalium shells found on the west side of
the skull. Dentalium shells were found in all parts of
the excavation but were most numerous in the northeastern
parts.
202-8174. A shell ornament.
* * * * *
Grave No. 15. Cremation circle excavated on June 10, 11
and 12. Shown from the east in photograph No. 44494, 5-7.
It is 56 feet west of grave No. 14 and further up the
terrace. The outside circle of stones measured 15 feet
north and south by 15 feet east and west. The next circle
of stones measured 9 feet north and south by 9 feet east
and west. The space inside the stone circle measured 7
feet north and south by 7 feet east and west. The depth
varied from 2 feet 6 inches in the east and south parts
to 4 feet in the north and west parts below all of which
was a pitching layer of basaltic rocks. The three rings
of stones surrounded a hollow. The inner row was about 12
inches lower than the outer ring. Several boulders were
found in the grave. Ashes and lava composed the grave
soil. The whole cremation circle seemed to have been the
burned remains of a communal or family depository for the
dead, probably a hut like an underground winter house
walled around the edge of the roof with stones. Two
skeletons were found on the bottom, apparently not
burned, but much decayed. They were discarded. Numbers
202-8175 to 202-8182 were found in this grave.
202-8175. Charcoal was abundant but most of it was found
about 14 inches deep.
202-8176. Broken and charred human bones of about twelve
individuals were found throughout the grave in a space
about 8 by 5 feet beginning at the east inner ring of
stones and extending beyond the second circle on the
west. They were found from 8 inches deep to parts of the
bottom.
202-8177. Dentalium shells were very abundant.
202-8178. Engraved dentalium shells (Fig. 118).
202-8179. Several kinds of shell ornaments were found in
the northern and northwestern parts of the grave.
202-8180. Several burned pieces of shell.
202-8181. One piece of metal, probably copper.
202-8182. Several pieces of shell of different kinds.
* * * * *
Grave No. 16. Shallow cremation circle, 13 feet north and
south by 14 east and west (outside); 5 feet north and
south by 7 feet east and west (inside). Charred human
bones of a child about 10 years old were found.
* * * * *
Grave No. 17. Cremation circle situated 58 feet west from
grave No. 15 and 46 feet west from grave No. 16. Its
diameter was 13 feet east and west by 14 feet north and
south outside of all stones. The diameter was 5 feet east
and west by 6 feet north and south inside. At the middle
of the stone ring the diameter was 9 feet. The middle of
the excavation was 3 feet deep in volcanic ash. No
evidence of burning was found among the bones except the
presence of charcoal at a depth of four feet. Parts of at
least four skeletons, one adult, and children were found,
all much broken and separated. The bones were mostly in
the southwestern end of the excavation. No skull bones
were found except a lower jaw, while in grave No. 13 most
of the pieces found were of skulls. Numbers 202-8183 to
202-8185 were found here.
202-8183. Three shell ornaments found in the northeastern
part of the grave.
202-8184. Two dentalium shells found in the western part
of the excavation. These were the only two found in the
whole grave.
202-8185. Piece of copper found in the northwestern part
of the grave.
* * * * *
Grave No. 18. Cremation circle situated 84 feet south of
grave No. 14. This grave had possibly been rifled. The
stone circle was 15 feet in diameter outside and 9 feet
in diameter inside. The excavation was 2 feet, 6 inches
to 3 feet 6 inches deep. Excavation 7 feet by 6 feet.
Some fragments of human bones were found on the surface.
There were more stones mixed in the earth than in the
graves previously excavated here; viz: Nos. 13 to 17.
Ashes were abundant especially at the bottom. Many pieces
of much broken human bones were found but not as many as
were seen in grave No. 15 and they were less burned than
in that grave. Numbers 202-8186 to 202-8187 were found in
this grave.
202-8186. Two engraved dentalium shells.
202-8187. Two dentalium shells of which one was crushed
and discarded. A broken flat shell ornament which we also
discarded, was found here.
* * * * *
Graves Nos. 19-20. These cremation circles were of the
usual construction, showed nothing new and contained no
specimens.
* * * * *
Grave No. 21. Cremation rectangle last explored on the
terrace near the mouth of the Naches River and situated
300 feet northwest from the two bridges. The rectangular
enclosure was bounded by a single row of stones, but on
the south several rows were placed outside to conform
with the slope of the hill covering a semi-circular area,
while on the west was a second row of marking stones. It
was 12 feet long north and south by 8 feet wide east and
west and 3 feet, 6 inches deep. Part of a child's skull,
two scapulae, two tibiae, and a piece of a femur of
another child; bones of a young adult; a small piece of
skull and part of a femur of an adult were found. All
the bones were in a poor state of preservation. Numbers
202-8188 to 202-8189 were found in this grave.
202-8188. Dentalium shells.
202-8189. A shell ornament was found in this excavation.
A piece of beaver tooth and several pieces of decayed
cedar were also found and discarded.
* * * * *
99-4321. See grave No. 25.
* * * * *
Grave No. 22. Rock-slide grave located near the top of
the slide and above the flume on the southern side of the
Yakima Ridge on the northern side of the Yakima River
about a mile eastward from the mouth of the Naches River.
Traces of wrappings of stitched rush matting were seen in
the grave.
99-4322. Adult skeleton, partly bleached, flexed on back,
head north as shown in situ after removing covering rocks
in photograph (no. 44516, 7-6 from the south by west),
Plate VIII, Fig. 2 (pp. 15 and 142).
* * * * *
Grave No. 23. A grave 600 feet up on the plateau south of
Oak Spring Canon, in a dome-shaped mound of volcanic ash
left by the wind. It was not like a rock-slide grave.
Somewhat angular stones unlike rock-slide material among
which were no pebbles, formed a rectangular pile, 15 feet
long by 12 feet wide. The grave contained many stones,
several modern beads, evidently part of a rosary, two
dentalium shells and a human lower jaw, but all were
discarded.
* * * * *
Grave No. 24. This grave was located in a dome of
volcanic ash on the hill or plateau north of the Ahtanum
River and northwest of Mr. A. D. Eglin's house near
Tampico. It was marked by a rectangular group of rough
and wind smoothed rocks (not rock-slide or river pebble)
which extended down as in the crude cairns, 6 feet
northeast and southwest by 4 feet wide northwest and
southeast, the vault being 5 feet by 3 feet. Numbers
99-4323 and 202-8190 were found in this grave.
99-4323. A skeleton of a child found in a very much
decomposed condition. Some of the bones showed
anchylosis. The skull was found in the southwest of the
grave with part of the pelvis, two humerii and a scapula.
The rest of the skeleton was scattered, the lower jaw
being in the northwest corner of the grave with the
femora, tibiae and fibulae. The skull faced northeast and
rested on the occiput.
202-8190. Bone point found at the side of the skull.
* * * * *
99-4324. See grave No. 27.
* * * * *
Grave No. 25. Eglin stone grave located in a volcanic ash
knoll left behind by wind and surrounded by 'scab land'
on the bottom land about 18 miles up and west of North
Yakima or nearly to Tampico, Yakima County, and on the
north side of the river road, but east of the north and
south branch road which is east of Mr. Sherman Eglin's
place; about 600 feet north of the north branch of the
Ahtanum river and about 15 feet above the water level.
Over the grave was a stone heap of angular basalt about
8 feet in diameter. At a depth of 3 feet, after finding
stones all the way down, was a cyst (Negative, nos.
44498, 5-11 and 44499, 5-12, reproduced in Plate X, from
the same station looking east), made up of slabs
averaging 2 inches in maximum thickness with thin sharp
edges about 2 feet by 18 inches and smaller. There were
two such cover stones, some at the sides and ends.
Sometimes two or three such slabs were found parallel or
overlapping. There were no slabs or floor below the
skeleton. This grave resembled very much the stone graves
of Ohio and Kentucky except that the slabs were not of
limestone and there was a pile of rocks over the stone
cyst. Numbers 99-4321, and 202-8191 to 202-8195 were
found in this grave.
99-4321. In the cyst about on a level with the lower
edges of the enclosing slabs was the skeleton of a child
about six years old with head west, face north, and the
knees flexed on the left side. The skull was slightly
deformed by occipital pressure (Plate X).
202-8191. Horizontally under the vertebrae was found an
engraved slab of antler in the form of a costumed human
figure with the engraved surface up (Fig. 121).
202-8192. Dentalium shells were found under the body,
from the neck to the pelvis.
202-8193. Ten engraved dentalium shells (Fig. 117).
202-8194. A bit of bone.
202-8195. Charcoal found in this grave.
The grave (No. 25) and its contents seem to antedate the
advent of the white race in this region or at least show
no European influence.
* * * * *
99-4322 to 99-4323. See graves nos. 22 to 24.
* * * * *
Grave No. 26. Rock-marked grave in a dome left by the
wind near the pasture gate on Mr. A. D. Eglin's place and
about half a mile north of his house near Tampico. A heap
of somewhat angular wind abraded rock some being smooth,
(none being river pebbles or rock-slide material) marked
the grave and extended below the surface about two feet.
Then about 1 foot of earth intervened between them and
thin rocks found around the bones of a very young child.
The skull was in the northwest end of the grave and was
disarticulated. The depth was 4 feet, the length of the
excavation 4 feet, and the width 3 feet. The skeleton was
found with the head northwest and the pelvis southeast. A
grave with outward appearance resembling this except that
it had river pebbles among the stones of the pile is
shown in Fig. 2, Plate IX, (Negative no. 44497, 5-10
taken from the north of east).
* * * * *
Grave No. 27. Rock-marked grave in a dome of volcanic ash
left by the wind located about half a mile north of Mr.
A. D. Eglin's house near Tampico. This grave was like a
rude cairn being rudely walled and found filled with
earth and stones as well as covered by rocks of which
eight or nine weighing about 15 or 20 pounds, showed
above the surface of the ground. Its depth was 4 feet,
length 5 feet, and its width, 3 feet 6 inches, extending
west southwest and east northeast. A little charcoal was
found in this grave also.
99-4324. Adult skeleton found flexed on left side, facing
northeast.
* * * * *
Grave No. 28. Rock-slide grave located in a small
irregular rock-slide on the north side of Cowiche Creek
about 3 miles west of its mouth and about 40 feet above
the road. The rocks were piled up in a crescent-shaped
ridge on the lower side of the grave. Four sticks about
four feet long were found planted upright among the
stones. The grave extended east and west. Parts of a
human skeleton were found. It was in a flexed position,
head west, skull and the bones of the upper part of the
body broken and decomposed. The bones of the lower part
of the body were well preserved. The skeleton had been
wrapped in matting or bark, several pieces of matting
being found in the grave as well as parts of a basket.
Numbers 202-8196a and 202-8196b were found in this grave.
202-8196a. Chipped point of mottled quartz found near the
skull (Plate II, Fig. 3).
202-8196b. Chipped point of white quartz found near the
skull (Plate II, Fig. 4).
202-8197. Pestle or roller made of stone from the surface
about a mile east of Fort Simcoe. This is of cylindrical
shape tapering to both ends but to one more than to the
other. Both ends are fractured (Fig. 37).
* * * * *
Grave No. 29. Rock-marked grave located on a plateau
above Wenas Creek near its mouth and about seven miles
north of North Yakima. The rocks marking the grave
covered a space 6 feet by 4 feet and extended down to the
skeleton which was very much broken but not decomposed.
No objects other than some charcoal were found in this
grave.
All the other graves in the vicinity of the mouth of
Wenas Creek seem to have been rifled.
202-8198. Broken ulna of a deer found at the mouth of
Wenas Creek about 7 miles north of North Yakima.
Numbers 202-8199 to 202-8204 were found on the surface at
the mouth of Wenas Creek.
202-8199. Small chipped point made of red jasper.
202-8200a-c. Three chipped points made of white chert.
202-8201. Broken and burned chipped point made of white
chert.
202-8202. Broken triangular chipped point made of white
chert.
202-8203. Chipped point made of reddish white chert
(Plate II. Fig. 13).
202-8204 a, b. Two chipped pieces of white chalcedony.
Numbers 202-8205a-e to 202-8206f were found in the valley
of Wenas Creek, on the surface near where the trail from
North Yakima to Ellensburg crosses the creek, about 7
miles north of North Yakima.
202-8205a-e. Five pieces of agate of reddish or amber
color.
202-8205f. Agate of whitish color
202-8206a. A chip of stone.
202-8206b-e. Four pieces of stone.
202-8206f. Chip of stone.
Numbers 202-8207 to 202-8209 were found on the surface at
the mouth of Wenas Creek.
202-8207. Pestle made of stone.
202-8208. Pestle made of stone.
202-8209. Broken pebble, battered on the side.
202-8210. Fragment of a pestle made of stone of nearly
square cross section. Found on the surface three miles
north of Clemen's ranch, on Wenas Creek where the trail
from North Yakima to Ellensburg crosses.
202-8211. Pestle found about 28 miles north of North
Yakima, on the trail to Ellensburg. It was in a dry creek
in "Kittitass" Canon. This canon is probably the
Manastash not the "Kittitass," as we were told.
ELLENSBURG.
202-8212. Base of a triangular chipped point made of
jasper found on the surface near the town reservoir on
the ridge east of Ellensburg.
Numbers 202-8213 to 202-8222 were found on the surface of
the bottom land west of Cherry Creek, near Ellensburg.
The place was a village site and is on the farm of Mr.
Bull near where an east and west road crosses the creek,
and opposite where the creek touches on the east, the
west base of the upland. At this point the creek comes up
to the upland from the lowland to the north (p. 12).
202-8213. Chipped boulder.
202-8214. Notched boulder, or net sinker.
202-8215. Battered pebble.
202-8216. Four burned stones.
202-8217. Gritstone, probably a whetstone.
202-8218. Pebble.
202-8219. Unio shells.
202-8220. Six chips.
202-8221. Scraper chipped from chalcedony (Fig. 52).
202-8222. Chipped point of heart shape made of clove
brown jasper. (Plate II, Fig. 12).
* * * * *
Grave No. 30. Stone circle located on the crest of a
western extension of the Saddle Mountains on Mr. Bull's
farm, east of Cherry Creek and about seven miles south of
Ellensburg. The place is east of the village site
above-mentioned which is on the bottom land along the
west side of the creek at this point. A circular ring of
stones, 10 feet in diameter marked the grave. Smaller
stones and earth in the middle extended 3 feet 6 inches
down to the skeleton. No objects were found except a
plentiful supply of charcoal.
99-4325. The bones of an adult human skeleton which
appeared as if it had been flexed were found very much
out of anatomical order. It lay northeast and southwest
in the southeast part of the grave. There was a large
hole in the right frontal of the skull which lay facing
the northwest. The lower jaw was found on top of the
skull with its angle east. Fragments of the tibiae were
blackened by fire.
* * * * *
Grave No. 31. Rock-slide grave located in the rock-slide
on the west side of the bluff, a western extension of the
Saddle Mountains, east of Cherry Creek and about half a
mile southwest of Mr. Bull's house. One small piece of
decayed wood was found projecting above the rock-slide,
and it was the only indication of the grave, there being
no cavity over it. Among the rocks, four more posts were
found, one at each corner of the grave. These had
evidently rotted off even with the surface, having
formerly, no doubt, extended above it. The depth of the
grave was from 2 to 3 feet, according to the slope of the
hill. Numbers 99-4326 and 202-8223 to 202-8228 were found
in this grave.
99-4326. Skeleton of a child with anchylosed neck
vertebrae. Some of the bones were bleached. The bones
were very much displaced, the skull being found in the
middle of the grave and some of the vertebrae being found
near the surface, but most of the bones were around the
skull. The body dressed and wrapped in matting had been
placed between four large boulders.
202-8223. Fragments of leather or skin clothing.
202-8224. Dentalium shells.
202-8225. Glass beads.
202-8226. Three bracelets made of iron (Fig. 96).
202-8227. A bone disk with central perforation (Fig. 80).
202-8228. A bit of a fresh water shell.
* * * * *
Grave No. 32. Rock-slide grave located about 30 feet
south southwest of grave No. 31 and in the same
rock-slide. It had the same characteristics but had
evidently been disturbed, the skull being missing. No
artifacts were found in the grave.
99-4327. Adult skeleton without skull and some bones of a
little child. The bones of an adult were found in a heap
except the vertebrae which lay extended full length;
cervical vertebrae to the north. The bones of one ankle,
a tibia, and fibula were diseased. The cervical vertebrae
are anchylosed; and one of the ribs is abnormal. The
bones of the knees are partly bleached. The bones of the
child being found between the ribs and the pelvis suggest
that it was foetal.
* * * * *
Grave No. 33. Rock-slide grave located 40 feet south
southwest from grave No. 31 in the same rock-slide with
it. There was nothing on the surface to indicate this
grave, but below the surface of the slide on the upper
side of the grave, were three rows of sticks, about 3
feet long, standing vertically and close to each other.
These seemed to be so placed that they would prevent the
slide from further movement towards the grave. The grave
cavity was 5 feet south southeast by 4 feet east
northeast and 4 feet deep on one side, 3 feet on the
other, or averaging about 3-1/2 feet deep, and extending
into the soil below the slide. Numbers 99-4328 and
202-8229 to 202-8230 were found in this grave.
99-4328. In the bottom of the grave the skeleton of a
youth was found. It was in good condition, lying on its
back, facing west, but having rolled westward. The legs
were flexed so that the femora lay at right angles or to
the southeast of the pelvis, and the tibiae and fibulae
lay parallel to them. The arms lay extended at the sides
of the body with the hands on the pelvis. Three of the
arm bones and one pelvis bone are stained by copper. The
tibia of a child was found with these.
202-8229. Mat of twined rushes found under the pelvis.
The rushes were stitched together in pairs with cord and
each pair was twisted once between each stitch (Fig. 71).
202-8230. Open twine matting of rushes held together with
cords woven around them, skin with hair on it, and in
this were copper beads strung with beads made of
dentalium shells on a leather thong (Fig. 72).
* * * * *
Grave No. 34. Rock-slide grave found 5 feet south
southwest of grave No. 32. There were no surface
indications of the grave. Posts of decayed wood were
found extending from the surface down to about 6 inches
from the bottom. The tops appeared to have been cut off
and probably never extended above the surface. Numbers
99-4329 and 202-8231 to 202-8246 were found in this
grave.
99-4329. The skeleton of a young child with a persistent
frontal suture was found at a depth of from 3 to 4 feet
with the head east, trunk on back, femora at right angles
to tibiae, and fibulae parallel to them, flexed to left
or south.
202-8231. Skin with the hair on found on body.
202-8232. Matting.
202-8233. Several rows of beads, some of copper, others
of glass and still others of sections of dentalium shells
were found at the neck, arms and legs. These are strung
on pieces of thong, some of which are wound at the ends.
Some of them are on coarse twisted, and others on fine
twisted plant fibre (Fig. 74).
202-8234a, b. Two pendants made of haliotis shell were
found, one near the head and one at the pelvis (Fig. 91).
202-8235a, b. Two copper pendants were found at the legs,
_b_ has a thong in the perforation.
202-8236a-d. Four bracelets made of copper found on the
arms (Fig. 95).
202-8237. Teeth of a rodent found in the grave.
202-8238. A square pendant made of copper with a thong
and bead made of copper (Fig. 78).
202-8239. A pendant made of copper (Fig. 83).
202-8240. A bit of wood bounding a knot hole.
202-8241. Two dentalium shells.
202-8242. A piece of iron.
202-8243. Woodpecker feathers, some bound at the tips
with fabric, one with feather, and fur or moss.
202-8244. A copper ornament found among the rocks over
this grave about 1 foot deep.
202-8245. A pendant made of brass with thong and bead
made of copper found among the rocks over this grave
about 1 foot deep (Fig. 84).
202-8246. A pendant made of copper with thong found about
1 foot deep among the rocks over this grave (Fig. 82).
* * * * *
Grave No. 35. Rock-slide grave located in the same slide
with Nos. 31, 32, 33 and 34, 8 feet to the south
southwest of No. 34. The grave was 3 feet in diameter by
4 feet deep. Four posts of poplar were found at the
corners of this grave but these did not show above the
surface being decayed down to within 6 or 8 inches of the
ground under the rock-slide. Sticks had also been used to
mark this grave on the surface. Numbers 99-4330 and
202-8247 to 202-8249 were found in this grave.
99-4330. The skeleton of a youth was found resting on its
back with the head to the east, arms at the sides, legs
flexed at right angles, i.e., to the north. Two buttons,
one of bone and one of pearl, or shell, and a bridle bit
were found in the grave, but were discarded.
202-8247. A bit of shell.
202-8248. Thirteen cones made of iron (Fig. 86).
202-8249. Two pendants made of iron (Fig. 85).
* * * * *
Grave No. 36. A rock-enclosure burial located on the hill
south of Mr. Bull's house near the gap south of
Ellensburg and about 300 feet north of grave No. 30. This
burial was the southwestern of a group of eight, all very
close together and of which the southern circular
enclosure of five had been rifled although the three
oblong enclosures were intact. There were traces of human
bones in all of the eight enclosures. The enclosure to
the north contained a skeleton that had been burned. No.
36 differed from No. 30 in that the stones did not extend
below the surface.
99-4331. At a depth of 3 feet, in the grave pit 5 feet by
3 feet was the skeleton of an adult lying with the head
north, face east, on the left side, arms extended to
pelvis, legs flexed to left, i.e., to east. No specimens
were found in this enclosure.
* * * * *
Grave No. 37. A rock-slide grave was located about 10
feet west of grave No. 35 and was similar to it in
general character. Numbers 99-4332 and 202-8250 to
202-8258 were found in this grave.
99-4332. The very much decomposed skeleton of a child was
found here. The broken skull was preserved.
202-8250a, b. Two fragments of antler, perhaps part of an
implement found about 1 inch above the pelvis.