ceremonies. If they are objects of worship it must be in the family
only, or a secret worship of which I obtained no information.
Images are introduced, however, in their dances and religious rites, but
these are made of wood and highly ornamented, some of which were
obtained and are hereafter described.
1841. (42026). Composed of the same clays of which the general pottery
is made, with small lines of a brick-red color up and down the body;
black lines over the shoulder and around the body, terminating so as
to represent hands; small earlets, made of blue beads, suspended from
the ears; face in white, with black spots to represent month and eyes;
horn-shaped cap, extending obliquely back from the head. Represents a
male figure.
1842. (42027). Same as above, except the head, which has a square bunch
at its back, representing the one method of wearing the hair by the
Shinumos. Male figure.
1843. (42028). Same as No. 1841, especially in regard to the horn-shaped
protrusion from the back of the head.
1844. (42029). Plain flat image, probably intended to represent a
female.
1845. (42030). This image is quite characteristic of this class of
objects. The cut shows all but the colors, which are the same as
described above, the form only differing from No. 1841 in having two
horns curving back from the head. Seen in Fig. 533.
1846. (42031). Differs only from the rest in having a small hat on the
head.
1847. (42032). Female figure, but with a black band around under the
chin, apparently representing whiskers; dark brown body.
1848. (42033). Female figure with wheel-shaped knot on each side of the
head representing the manner of wearing the hair by the Shinumo women,
the body of the figure cream colored, face red, eyes and mouth black;
black necklace. Special parts of the body represented in red.
1849. (42034). Male figure ornamented with red vertical lines.
1850. (42035). Fig. 534. The cut presents all the lines on the image as
well as the form. The small wheels on each side of the head referred
to under No. 1848 show the style of wearing the hair; the black
markings shown on the cut are red on the figure. Female.
1851. (42036). Body red, marked with black and dark red lines; red and
black spots on back of head to represent the hair.
1852-1853. 1852, (42037); 1853, (42038); dark red bodies with black and
red lines.
1854-1856. 1854, (42039); 1855, (42040); 1856, (42041); similar to the
preceding; the last with the wheel-shaped knots representing the hair.
[Illustration:
Fig. 531 (41391) (1/3)
Fig. 532 (41390) (1/3)
Fig. 533 (42030) (1/2)
Fig. 534 (42035) (1/2)
Figs. 531-534.--Wolpi Basin, Vase, and Clay Statuettes.]
[Illustration:
Fig. 535 (42085) (1/4)
Fig. 536 (42058) (1/5)
Figs. 535, 536.--Wolpi Meal Baskets.]
VEGETAL SUBSTANCES.
_BASKETRY._
The following specimens are examples of the tray-like baskets made from
round willows:
1857. (42085). Fig. 535 shows the mode of its construction.
1858-1871. 1858, (42076); 1859, (42077); 1860, (42078); 1861, (42079);
1862, (42080); 1863, (42081); 1864, (42082); 1865, (42083); 1866,
(42084); 1867, (42086); 1868, (42087); 1869, (42088); 1870, (42089);
1871, (42090).
The following numbers refer to specimens of the spiral or coiled
basketry, all the features of which are shown in Fig. 536, except the
color decoration:
1872-1907. 1872, (42058); 1873, (42051); 1874, (42052); 1875, (42053);
1876, (42054); 1877, (42055); 1878, (42056); 1879, (42057); 1880,
(42059); 1881, (42060); 1882, (42061); 1883, (42062); 1884, (42063);
1885, (42064); 1886, (42065); 1887, (42066); 1888, (42067); 1889,
(42068); 1890, (42069); 1891, (42070); 1892, (42071); 1893, (42072);
1894, (42090); 1895, (42073); 1896, (42074); 1897, (42075); 1898,
(42091); 1899, (42092); 1900, (42093); 1901, (42094); 1902, (42095);
1903, (42096); 1904, (42097); 1905, (42098); 1906, (42099); 1907,
(42100).
The following are canteen or water baskets, previously described, as to
method of making and using them:
1908-1912. 1908, (42101); 1909, (42102); 1910, (42103); 1911, (42104);
1912, (42105); are vase-shaped baskets, of which Fig. 537 is a
representative example.
The following are specimens of the same ware, differing only in form and
size:
1913-1920. 1913, (42106); 1914, (42107); 1915, (42108); 1916, (42109);
1917, (42110); 1918, (42111); 1919, (42112); 1920, (42113).
1921-1925. 1921, (42114); 1922, (42115); 1923, (42116); 1924, (42117);
1925, (42118), are only noticeable on account of their peculiar form.
They are almost top-shaped, with an acute apex at the bottom. The
mouth is small, like that of a jug. In one instance (42114) the body
slopes from top and bottom to the center, almost forming a ridge. Very
few of this form were obtained.
1926. (42119). A double-lobed canteen basket. Many of the clay
water-vessels in the collection are made in imitation of this
double-lobed basket.
1927-1931. 1927, (42120); 1928, (42121); 1929, (42122); 1930, (42123);
1931, (42124). Ordinary forms of the water-basket.
1932. (42125). A fine, large, and quite perfect specimen, of the jug or
water-basket, with ears of horse-hair and string attached for use.
Quite a number of the ancient water-jars are of this form, and both
bear evidence of antiquity.
1933. (42149). Fig. 538 is a good illustration of this form.
1934-1937. 1934, (42146); 1935, (42147); 1936, (42148); 1937, (42150),
are of the same class of cemented basket-ware. The small
fruit-baskets, made of round willows and with much less care, are also
of many forms. Some are square, others round, and some with a peculiar
flattened body; of the latter there are but few in the collection.
They belong to the older class of basketry.
The following specimens belong to that class:
1938-1941. 1938, (42126); 1939, (42127); 1940, (42128); 1941, (42129).
1942. (42130). A specimen of a much finer quality than the preceding. It
is long and vase-shaped, with a wide mouth and flaring rim, and woven
up from the bottom in oblique ridges.
1943. (42131). A coarsely constructed bowl-shaped basket, of which type
the following are also specimens:
1944-1951. 1944, (42132); 1945, (42133); 1946, (42134); 1947, (42135);
1948, (42136); 1949, (42137); 1950, (42138); 1951, (42139).
1952. (42140). Specimen of the older basketry, with large depressed
body, flat bottom, and jar-like mouth.
1953-1956. 1953, (42141); 1954, (42142); 1955, (42143); 1956, (42144),
are also different forms of the peach-basket.
1957. (42145). Fig. 540. A large floor or hearth mat frequently found in
use among the Pueblos. The specimen in the collection exhibits some
skill and taste in weaving it. The material of which it is made is a
small round willow.
1958. (42151). A large deep basket, constructed by weaving coarse willow
twigs around four upright posts or large sticks. It has a capacity of
about two bushels.
1959. (42152). This is a small square basket of the same character.
1960. (42153). A specimen of this ware. It is shown in Fig. 539,
exhibits a coarse, loose manner of construction. These are used as
fruit-baskets.
1961-1962. 1961, (42154), and 1962, (42155). These are examples of the
same kind.
1963. (42156). This specimen represents the finest quality of baskets in
the collection. They are all more or less tastefully ornamented during
the process of plaiting them. They are skillfully and closely woven,
and are used for holding the finest of their flour and meal. These are
undoubtedly of Apache manufacture. Fig. 541.
1964. (42157). Has been selected as an illustration of this class of
baskets, of which the following are examples, differing but little in
form:
[Illustration:
Fig. 537 (42105) (1/4)
Fig. 538 (42149) (1/4)
Figs. 537, 538.--Wolpi Baskets.]
[Illustration:
Fig. 539 (42153) (1/3)
Fig. 540 (42145) (1/8)
Figs. 539, 540.--Wolpi Fruit Basket and Floor Mat.]
[Illustration:
Fig. 541 (42157) (1/5)
Fig. 542 (42160) (1/5)
Figs. 541, 542.--Wolpi Baskets.]
[Illustration:
Fig. 543 (42183) (1/6)
Fig. 544 (42199) (1/4)
Fig. 545 (42171) (1/3)
Figs. 543-545.--Wolpi Baskets.]
1965-1971. 1965, (42158); 1966, (42159); 1967, (42160), Fig. 542; 1968,
(42162); 1969, (42163); 1970, (42164); 1971, (42165). The two last are
almost flat; the rest saucer or bowl shaped and quite deep.
1972. (42166). Basket of coarse willow ware; platter-shaped.
1973. (42167). Conical-shaped basket of closely woven variety.
1974. (42168). Hemispherical-shaped basket of the same class; small.
1975. (42169). Cylindrical basket; small.
1976-1981. 1976, (42170); 1977, (42171); 1978, (42172); 1979, (42173);
1980, (42174); 1981, (42175). Small cylindrical-shaped peach-baskets
made of flat yucca leaves. Fig. 545 is an illustration of that class.
1982-1987. 1982, (42195); 1983, (42196); 1984, (42197); 1985, (42198);
1986, (42199), Fig. 544; 1987, (42200). Examples of the same class.
The following baskets are made from the broad leaves of the yucca, woven
or plaited crosswise in a very simple manner, and wrapped at the rims
with leaves of the same plant. The texture of the weaving is quite
coarse, not sufficiently close to hold any material smaller than corn or
fruit:
1988-2006. 1988, (42176); 1989, (42177); 1990, (42178); 1991, (42179);
1992, (42180); 1993, (42181); 1994, (42182); 1995, (42183); 1996,
(42184); 1997, (42185); 1998, (42186); 1999, (42187); 2000, (42188);
2001, (42189); 2002, (42190); 2003, (42191); 2004, (42192); 2005,
(42193); 2006, (42194), are all specimens of this class well shown in
Fig. 543.
_DOMESTIC IMPLEMENTS, TOYS, ETC._
2007. (41706). A Shinumo blanket loom, with a blanket partly completed,
with all the fixtures and implements employed in the art of blanket
weaving. This art, however, attains its highest degree amongst the
Navajos.
2008-2009. 2008, (41707), and 2009, (41708), are looms exhibiting
different modes of weaving.
2010. (41709). A loom with a partly finished garment.
2011. (41683). Fig. 546. Blanket-stick for tightening strands of
blankets during the process of weaving. After the thread is passed
through from one side to the other this stick is placed over the
thread and then firmly beaten down. The following numbers are
implements of the same kind. They are called _soo-qua_.
2012-2020. 2012, (41684); 2013, (41685); 2014, (41686); 2015, (41687);
2016, (41688); 2017, (41689); 2018, (41690); 2019, (41691); 2020,
(41692).
2021. (41888). Blanket stretcher, _tu-he-que-hey_.
2022. (41166). Reed frames, used in weaving belts and garters, called
_quey-hu-wuk-ta_.
The following are objects of the same kind:
2023-2027. 2023, (41667); 2024, (41668a); 2025, (41668b); 2026, (41669);
2027, (41670). Implement to show the process of making belts.
2028. (42372). Small notched stick used in weaving belts.
2029-2030. 2029, (41998), and 2030, (41999). Short pointed sticks for
stretching and drying skins.
2031. (41676). Spindle whorl, _pa-tu-he-kah_. This is a common object of
use amongst all the Pueblos. Fig. 547 is an illustration of one of
these implements, showing the shaft with spun yarn below the disk. As
previously mentioned, this spindle whorl is almost identical with the
drill used for perforating stone and shell charms and ornaments. The
addition of a cross stick and strings, with the flint tip, are only
necessary to convert it into a drill. In both the drills and whorls
the disks are made of horn, stone, bone, and wood. For the drill see
Fig. 494.
2032-2037. 2032, (41677); 2033, (41678); 2034, (41679); 2035, (41680);
2036, (41681); 2037, (41682). All spindle whorls.
2038. (41658). Bow and three arrow-shafts.
2039. (41659). Bow.
2040. (41660). Bundle of four arrow-shafts.
2041-2044. 2041, (41661); 2042, (41662); 2043, (41663); 2044, (41664),
are bundles of thirty-five arrow-shafts.
2045. (41651). Bow and six iron-pointed arrows.
2046. (41652), (41653). Bows.
2047. (41654). Bow and quiver.
2048. (41655). Quiver and twenty-six iron-pointed arrows.
2049. (41656). Child's bow and two arrows.
2050. (41720). Boy's bow with two arrows.
2051. (41976), Fig. 548. Stick used for hunting rabbits; it is in the
form of a boomerang.
2052-2055. 2052, (41977); 2053, (41978); 2054, (41979), Fig. 549; 2055,
(41980). Same objects as the last. In the Zuni tongue this stick is
called _kle-[-a]n-ne_, and in Shinumo _pu-wich-he-cu-he_.
2056. (41924). Saddle-tree.
2057. (41925). Stirrups, _pu-tut-hum-pee_.
2058. (41119). Sinch hooks, _cu-rah-bat-tow_.
2059. (42000). Wooden hoe, made in imitation of European hoe.
2060. (41693). Wooden forceps, _wat-cha_.
2061. (41909). Pronged stick for rake, called _ta-wish-wy-lah_. See Fig.
550.
2062-2063. 2062, (41916), and 2063, (41917). Small yoke-shaped
implements for drying the skins of small animals by stretching the
skin over them.
2064. (41863). Wooden treasure-box, of which the following numbers refer
to specimens, and which are well shown in Figs. 552 and 554:
[Illustration:
Fig. 546 (41683) (1/10)
Fig. 547 (41676) (1/7)
Fig. 548 (41976) (1/5)
Fig. 549 (41979) (1/5)
Figs. 546-549.--Wolpi Wooden Implements.]
[Illustration:
Fig. 550 (41909) (1/10)
Fig. 551 (41178) (1/5)
Fig. 552 (41866) (1/5)
Fig. 553 (41191) (1/3)
Fig. 554 (41865) (1/6)
Figs. 550-554.--Wolpi Implements.]
[Illustration:
Fig. 555 (41931) (1/6)
Fig. 556 (41926) (1/6)
Fig. 557 (41932) (1/5)
Fig. 558 (41940) (1/5)
Figs. 555-558.--Wolpi Dance Ornaments.]
2065-2069. 2065, (41864); 2066, (41865); 2067, (41866); 2068, (41867);
2069, (41868).
2070. (41985). Baby cradle, with hoops over the head for net work; made
of slats, _mu-hu-tah_.
2071. (41986). Baby cradle made of willow work.
2072. (41987). Cradle without top.
2073. (41988). Toy cradle, of basket work.
2074. (41989). Toy cradle of boards.
2075. (41710). Toy whirligig, made of a disk with two holes through
which strings are passed.
2076. (41711). Specimen of Indian corn.
2077-2078. 2077, (41715), and 2078, (41716).
2079. (41694). Paint toy, of wood, _tat-chi_.
2080. (41695). Bird snares, made of small sticks like the ramrod of a
gun, arranged with horse hairs, _wa-wa-shi_.
2081. (42371). Bunch of very small reed-like grass, called
_nen-a-wash-pi_ or rain broom.
2082-2083. 2082, (41889), and 2083, (41890). Whirling sticks.
2084-2886. 2084, (41177); 2085, (41178); 2086, (41179). Specimens of a
peculiar drum-stick in general use by the Shinumo, Zuni, and other
Pueblo Indians. It is made from a stick, one end of which is shaved
off sufficiently to admit of bending the end thus shaved round in the
form of a hoop, and then tightly securing it. The hoop portion is used
in beating the drum. Fig. 551 is an illustration of one of these
drum-sticks.
2087. (41180). Calabash, or gourd, for holding food or water.
2088-2090. 2088, (41181); 2089, (41182); 2090, (41183). Ordinary forms
of the same vessel.
2091. (41191). Gourd, perforated, with a staff through the center,
painted in many colors; held on a pole in dances. See Fig. 553.
_ORNAMENTAL OBJECTS._
2092. (41926). Is a flat piece of wood about twenty inches long and five
in width, with a notched handle at the lower end. Two bunches of
feathers are attached to each edge of it, and a bunch at the top. The
form of the ornamentations is shown in Fig. 556; the colors employed
in these ornamentations are brilliant red, yellow, blue, and black.
The entire design is intended to represent the body of a human being.
These objects are carried in the hand in their dances.
2093-2097. 2093, (41927); 2094, (41928); 2095, (41929); 2096, (41930);
2097, (41931). These are other examples which are well represented in
Fig. 555.
2098-2100. 2098, (41932), Fig. 557; 2099, (41933); and 2100, (41934),
are sticks, carried in the main dance. They represent lightning.
2101-2102. 2101, (41935), and 2102, (41936). Small notched sticks,
ornamented with blades of grass and wild-turkey feathers; carried in
the dance.
2103-2106. 2103, (41937); 2104, (41938); 2105, (41939); 2006, (41940).
Wooden objects highly colored with various devices depicted on them.
These are worn on the head in dances. Mowers are represented on some;
on others, the human face, &c. Fig. 558, an illustration made from one
of them.
2107-2108. 2107, (41941), and 2108, (41942). Small frames, over which
canvas is stretched, to the edges of which are attached various small
ornaments; used in dances.
2109. (41943). Small hoop with canvas stretched over it, on which are
painted five small objects like stars, used in dances.
2110. (41944). Leather dance-mask, painted.
2111. (41945). Dance-mask.
2112. (41946). Pair of split horns worn in dances.
2113. (41947). Head-dress made in the form of scallops.
2114. (41948). Head-dress of painted sheep-horns.
2115. (41949). Head-dress crown made of basket-ware, to which are
attached three projections intended for horns, Fig. 559.
2116. (41950). Corn-husk ornament for the dance.
2117-2118. 2117, (41671), and 2118, (41972). Wooden objects made in
imitation of a sun-flower, with zigzag or snake-like sticks attached
to them, which are used as ornaments in the corn dance, called
_pah-wah_.
2119-2120. 2119, (41673), and 2120, (41674). Shuttle-cocks, made by
inserting the ends of two hawk-feathers in a small block. They are
carried in dances.
2121. (42042). Dance-rattle made from a small gourd, embellished in
colors of black, red, and white. The gourd is perforated at each side,
through which a stick is passed for a handle, cross S's on each side.
See Fig. 562.
2122. (41982). Notched stick, with shoulder blade of sheep or deer, for
musical instrument. See Fig. 561.
2123-2124. 2123, (41983), and 2124, (41984). Notched sticks without the
bone.
2125. (41701). Dance ornaments, called _tau-ah-qu-la_, made by attaching
semi-circular sticks or hoops to a small pole; ornamented with colors.
2126-2129. 2126, (41702); 2127, (41703); 2128, (41704); 2129, (41705),
are ornaments of the same character as the preceding.
2130. (41857). Painted gourd-rattle for dances, of which the following
numbers are specimens variously ornamented:
2131-2135. 2131, (41858); 2132, (41859); 2133, (41860); 2134, (41861);
2135, (41862), of which the illustration of the latter is an example.
See Fig. 560.
[Illustration:
Fig. 559 (41949) (1/6)
Fig. 560 (41862) (1/3)
Fig. 561 (41982) (1/6)
Fig. 562 (42042) (1/2)
Fig. 563 (41752) (1/4)
Fig. 564 (41877) (1/4)
Fig. 565 (41922) (1/4))
Figs. 559-565.--Wolpi Head-dress, Ornaments, &c.]
[Illustration:
Fig. 566 (41959) (1/5)
Fig. 567 (41953) (1/5)
Fig. 568 (41967) (1/4)
Fig. 569 (41956) (1/5)
Figs. 566-569.--Wolpi Effigies.]
2136. (41883). Flat wooden block, painted, for head ornament.
2137. (41884). Cylindrical blocks, with a cup-shaped cavity in one end,
used as gaming blocks.
2138-2139. 2138, (41885), and 2139, (41886), are specimens of this block
called _sosh-he-wey_.
2140. (41887). Spherical grooved block, painted to represent a melon,
used in the melon dance.
2141. (41918). Wooden top, _ree-am-pee_.
2142. (41920). Wooden balls, probably to represent eyes.
2143. (41921). Ball attached to the end of a painted stick, the use of
which is not known; probably used in connection with dancing
ceremonies.
2144. (41900). Small implement of wood used as a dance ornament.
2145. (41752). Wooden ornament for the head, worn in dancing ceremonies.
Two little leather balls are attached to the dotted end; shown in Fig.
563.
2146. (41754). Two small wooden balls with black ends and a white band
around the middle; a dance ornament.
2147. (41756). Ornaments for the wrist; made of wooden rings.
2148. (41753). A similar object, painted in various bright colors.
2149-2150. 2149, (41881), and 2150, (41882), are slatted wooden
cylinders with conical blocks attached to them. Ornaments for dancing
ceremonies.
2151. (41876). Wooden ball attached to slatted gourd-neck, used as an
ornament in the dance.
2152. (41877). See Fig. 564.
2153-2154. 2153, (41878), and 2154, (41879). Specimens varying from the
preceding only in colors.
2155. (41922). Necklace of acorn hulls, _tuck-we-tah-qua-we_. Fig. 565.
2156. (41923). The same kind of an ornament.
_STATUETTES._
These objects vary in form, size, and decoration, the largest being
about thirty inches high, the smallest not more than five. They are
objects of worship in one form or another. The illustrations in the
woodcuts and colored plates will convey a better idea of them than could
be given in a description. They are entirely composed of wood, with
feathers and other small ornaments attached to them occasionally.
2157. (41951). This is the largest one of these images in the
collection, very highly ornamented with bright variegated colors. See
Fig. 571.
2158. (41952). One of these objects, differing only in size and manner
of decoration.
2159. (41953). This is a specimen of one of these images exhibited in
Fig. 567. The form is common to many of them, showing the pyramidal
projections attached to the head, with feathered tips.
2160-2161. 2160, (41954), and 2161, (41955). Similar objects.
2162. (41956). Fig. 569. This exhibits a female figure with variegated
colors, and in addition to the pyramidal projections from the head has
two round sticks with a ball and crown.
2163-2164. 2163, (41957), and 2164, (41958). Similar to Fig. 569.
2165. (41959). Fig. 566. The general characteristics of this specimen
are the same as those already referred to, but it differs in the
arrangement of the head attachments; two rows of pyramids are shown;
the lower one is inverted; the two rows are separated by three arches;
the upper pyramids are ornamented at the tips with feathers. A
necklace of acorn hulls is around the neck, with a shell ornament
attached to it. Garters are represented at the knees. In this
specimen, as in many others, the feet are only represented by stubs.
The body is decorated to represent fancifully colored clothing.
2166-2168. 2166, (41960); 2167, (41961); 2168, (41962). Similar to the
preceding.
2169. (41963). This is well shown in Fig. 570.
2270-2172. 2170, (41964); 2171, (41965); 2172, (41966). Objects of the
same character.
2173. (41967). This specimen (Fig. 568) differs considerably in form
from those previously mentioned. As will be observed by reference to
the figure, it has a conical projection from the top of the head,
representing a hat with a feather at the top, with two short, round
blocks at the base of the hat, and two round balls to represent ears.
The skirt is of cloth. The specimen is brilliantly decorated with
paint.
2174. (41968). Shows the form and details of carving, highly colored.
2175. (41969). A brilliantly colored image, which is well shown in
colors in Fig. 572.
2176-2180. 2176, (21970); 2177, (41971); 2178, (21972); 2179, (21973);
2180, (41974), are similar objects.
ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.
_HORN AND BONE._
2181. (40113). Large ladle from horn of mountain sheep, called
_al-ly-ku_. See Fig. 573.
2182-2188. 2182, (41891); 2183, (41892); 2184, (41893); 2185 (41894);
2186 (41895); 2187 (41897); and 2188 (41898). No. 2182 is a bone awl
or perforator, of which the others are examples, as shown in Fig. 575.
2189-2192. 2189, (41990); 2190, (41991); 2191, (41992); 2192, (41193).
Goats' horns perforated with small round holes, through which arrow
shafts are passed to smooth and straighten them. Fig. 576 is an
illustration of one of them, called _hoth-quen_.
[Illustration:
Fig. 570 (41963)
Fig. 571 (41951)
Fig. 572 (41969)
Figs. 570-572.--SHINUMO STATUETTES. 1/4 NATURE]
[Illustration:
Fig. 573 (40113) (1/4)
Fig. 574 (41855) (1/3)
Fig. 575 (41891) (1/3)
Fig. 576 (41992) (1/4)
Figs. 573-576.--Wolpi Ladle, Rattle, &c.]
2193-2196. 2193, (41994); 2194, (41995); 2195, (41996); 2196, (41997).
Bundles of arrow shafts.
2197. (41855). Bunch of ox hoofs or toes used as a rattle in dances.
These same objects are frequently attached to the edges of turtle
shells for the same purpose. See Fig. 574 in Zuni collection.
2198-2199. 2198, (41763), and 2199, (41764). Small hoops with painted
net-work stretched across them; dance ornaments.