1186, (40055); 1187, (40626); 1188, (40629); 1189, (40634); 1190,
(40635). The last two have loops at the heel and were used as paint
cups.
Decorated with colors:
1191. (40637). Pair still united.
1192. (39927). Shown in Fig. 481.
1193. (40060). With lines; handle at the heel.
1194, 1195. 1194, (40061), Fig. 482; 1195, (40628), decorated with
grotesque bird.
1196. (40630). With same figure.
1197. (40631). Represented in Fig. 483.
1198. (40633). This pretty pair is profusely ornamented with serrate
lines from the tip to the ankles.
1199, 1200. 1199, (40634) and 1200, (40636). Single, decorations, same
as in the preceding; probably belong to one pair, as part of the
connecting band remains on them.
1201. (40804). Anomalous. _Tkh[ae]-p[-o]-k[-a]-t[-e]hl-le_. In the form
of a low or depressed vase, with two handles, decorated with scroll
figures; margin straight.
1202. (40805). Vase-shaped, with single handle; a scalloped and an
undulate band around the body. Margin straight.
1203. (42375). Toy house. Composed of clay and willow sticks. Made by
children.
_CLAYS AND PIGMENTS._
The following specimens are employed in the manufacture of pottery and
for decorative purposes:
1204, 1205. 1204, (41230) and 1205, (41231). Are specimens of a whitish
clay or kaolin, of which a solution is made and applied to the outer
surfaces of earthenware. This whiting in a coarser state is used for
white-washing their chimneys and rooms.
1206. (41265). Is a dark carbonaceous clay which the Zuni Indians obtain
from near the summit of a mesa on which stand the ruins of their
ancient village--or, at least, where they claim to have resided during
the Spanish invasion of their country. As this clay is one of the
principal elements in the manufacture of Zuni pottery, a quantity of
it was procured and numbered as one of the specimens of the
collection.
1207. (41901). Small nodules of azurite used by the Indians in
decorating their altars, &c.
1208. (41902). White clay or kaolin, same as Nos. 1204 and 1205.
1209. (41903). Finer quality of white clay.
1210, 1211. 1210, (41904) and 1211, (41905). Are specimens of the above
of a coarser quality.
1212. (41906). Tierra amarilla, or yellow micaceous clay, of which the
Rio Grande Indians make many varieties of vessels.
1213. (42342). A yellowish sandy clay, which is used as one of the
coloring pigments in decorating pottery. This clay burns to a reddish
hue and gives to the pottery those lines of a brick-red color.
1214. (42343). Very dark colored ore, resembling magnetic iron ore; this
stone is reduced in a small mortar, and a paint made of it for
decorating their ware black, which result is obtained by baking.
VEGETAL SUBSTANCES.
_BASKETRY._
1215. (40108). A globular-shaped water basket, with a small neck, about
two inches long and three in diameter.
1216. (40109). Double-lobed, canteen-shaped water basket, with both
outer and inner surfaces coated with gum. The neck is about the size
of that of the preceding basket. The centre is compressed to about the
size of the neck; the bottom flat.
1217. (40110). Similar to the preceding.
1218. (40115). This specimen is a good representation of the basketry
manufactured by the Zunians, used for carrying peaches. It is well
shown in Fig. 484.
1219-1235. 1219, (40116); 1220, (40117); 1221, (40118); 1222, (40119);
1223, (40120); 1224, (40121); 1225, (40122); 1226, (40123); 1227,
(40124); 1228, (40125); 1229, (40126), Fig. 488; 1230, (40127); 1231,
(40128); 1232, (40129); 1233, (40130); 1234, (40131); 1235, (40132),
are Zuni baskets of the same character, of coarse willow ware. Sizes
and shapes somewhat similar.
1236. (40133). This specimen is an illustration of one form quite
common. We found them in general use for bringing ripe peaches from
the field. Fig. 484 shows very clearly the manner of weaving them.
1237-1240. 1237, (40134); 1238, (41135); 1239, (41136); 1240, (41137),
are all samples of the same basketry. These baskets are called by the
Zunians _hu-chi-p[)o]n-n[-e]_.
1241. (40143). A small platter-shaped corn, basket of the same coarse
structure. They are called _tsi-i-l[-e]_.
1242-1247. 1242, (40144); 1243, (40145); 1244, (40146); 1245, (40147);
1246, (40148); and 1247, (40149) are similar examples of corn baskets.
1248-1257. 1248, (40401); 1249, (40402); 1250, (40403); 1251, (40404);
1252, (40405); 1253, (40406); 1254, (40407); 1255, (40478); 1256,
(40479); and 1257, (40480) are a variety of examples of the corn
basket or _hu-chi-p[)o]n-ne_.
1258. (40881). Toy basket of Navajo manufacture, of closely-woven
fibre, about three inches in diameter. A string is attached
to it for wearing it on the breast as an ornament, called
_h[-o]-in-hl[ae]n-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_.
1259, 1260. 1259, (40882), and 1260, (40883). Small cup or rather
saucer-shaped baskets similar in construction to the preceding two
numbers.
1261. (40884). Is a corn basket of the same manufacture as the
preceding, of much larger size, and called _h[-o]-in-hl[ae]n-n[-a]_.
1262-1264. 1262, (40917); 1263, (40918); 1264, (40919) _Tsi'-i-l[-e]_;
large-sized, coarsely woven, tray-like baskets.
1265. (40920). Toy basket; coarse, _tsi-i-l[-a]-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_.
1266-1268. 1266, (40921); 1267, (40922); 1268, (40923). Navajo water
baskets, jug-shaped, _k[-o]-s[-e]-t[)o]m-m[-e]_.
1269. (41208). Large flaring or bowl-shaped basket of Apache
manufacture; water-tight; used for holding flour and meal; very
compactly woven; called by the Zunis _h[-o]-in_.
1270. (41209). Very large specimen of the same ware woven with different
colored fibres, so as to present a decorated inner surface.
1271. (41227). _Tkl[-a]-lim-ne_ or basket with abrupt sides. Navajo
manufacture.
1272-1275. 1272, (41228), Fig. 485; 1273, (41229); 1274, (41230); and
1275, (41231) are examples of the coarsely-woven flat basketry used
frequently for winnowing small grain. The illustration shows the
details sufficiently without further description.
1276. (41248). Basket tray for bread, of the closely-woven class, called
_mi-t[-u]-li-h[-o]-in_.
1277. (41256). Toy basket, _tsi-li-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_.
_PADS._
The following are ring-shaped pads made of yucca leaves interwoven in
such a manner as to leave the centre open sufficiently to fit the top of
the head. These pads are used in carrying water, by placing the pad on
the head into which the base of the vase fits. They are used also to
hold water jars and vases on the ground, thus protecting the bottom of
the vessels from wearing away. They are called in Zuni _h[-a]-kin-ne_.
1278-1287. 1278, (40464); 1279, (40465); 1280, (40466); 1281, (40467);
1282, (40468); 1283, (40469); 1284, (40470); 1285, (40471); 1286,
(40472) are examples of this pad, of which Fig. 486, 1287r. (40473),
is an illustration.
The following are objects of the same kind:
1288-1292. 1288, (40474); 1289, (40475); 1290, (40924); 1291, (40925);
1292, (40926).
_DOMESTIC IMPLEMENTS, TOYS, &c._
In the collection are a number of wooden spoons or ladles of various,
sizes. These utensils were not frequently met with. The readiness with
which the Indians can make pottery or earthern ladles, a large number of
which are in the collection, has caused these to supersede the former.
The wooden spoons are always chiseled from a single piece of wood. See
Fig. 490.
[Illustration:
Fig. 490 (40876) (1/4)]
1293-1297. 1293, (40876); 1294, (40877); 1295, (40878); 1296, (41020);
1297, (41022) are specimens of spoons and ladles of wood. The large
ones are called _t[ae]m-sh[)o]-k[)o]n-n[-a]-ts[-a]n_, the smaller,
_t[ae]m-sh[)o]-k[)o]n ts[-a]n n[-a]_.
1298. (41276). A wooden chair, made entirely of wood and in imitation,
of a common chair, ornamented with carvings.
1299. (42292). Meat-block in the form of a stool, one side of which is
used for chopping, the other to sit upon.
1300. (40827). Rotary drill, with stone disk and flint point, usually
employed in perforating turquoise and other hard substances for
ornaments. See Figure 494. Called by the Zunis _kl[-a]-t[)o]-ne_.
1301. (40809). A small rectangular wooden box with a lid, used as a
treasure-box, for holding choice trinkets and ornaments such as
feathers, &c., called _la-p[)o]-ka kle-t[)o]n-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_.
1302. (41279). Wooden gun rack, made of pieces of flat wood, of a
rectangular form, with notches in the upright sides for holding guns
and bows. It is common in Zuni.
1303. (41192). A wooden comb used in connection with the loom. It is
provided with teeth about one inch long; these teeth are placed
between the perpendicular threads and with the hand brought down
firmly on the cross-threads or yarn until it is perfectly compact. The
blankets woven in this manner are water-tight. This comb is called
_o-h[-a]-n[-a]-p[-a]-ne_.
1304-1307. 1304, (42043); 1305, (42044); 1306, (42045); and 1307,
(42046); are combs above described, used with looms.
1308. (40810). A wooden comb of the same character.
[Illustration:
Fig. 484 (40133) (1/4)
Fig. 485 (41228) (1/4)
Fig. 486 (40473) (1/3)
Fig. 487 (41725) (1/4)
Fig. 488 (40126) (1/3)
Fig. 489 (41184) (1/4)
Figs. 484-489.--Zuni Basketry, and Toy Cradles.]
1309. (41700). Bundle of fine grass stems for a comb.
1310. (41282). Comb and brush, combined, made from dried grass stems;
one end is used as a comb, the other as a brush.
1311. (41277). Wooden spade or shovel quite like an ordinary spade, used
by the Indians for shoveling snow from the roofs of their houses, and
for taking bread from their bakeovens. See Fig. 495.
1312. (40879). Wooden digger and corn-planter, called
_t[-a]-s[-a]-quin-ne_. This is the only specimen of the kind in the
collection. The foot is used in digging as we use a spade. In making
holes in the ground for planting grain, one foot is placed on the
short projection, and the individual using it walks along, each
alternate step making a hole in the ground into which to drop the
grain. See Fig. 496.
1313. (41262). Medicine sticks to influence rain. These little sticks
are found hidden beneath the rafters of nearly every house in Zuni.
1314. (41275). Wooden war-club, which the Zunis claim was one of their
original weapons of war. See Fig. 491.
1315. (41856). A peculiar warty squash or gourd hollowed out and filled
with pebbles to make a rattling sound, used in most of the dances. See
Fig. 497.
[Illustration:
Fig. 497 (41856) (1/3)]
1316. (41281). Gourd dance rattle.
1317. (41196). Squash or gourd for making rattles.
1318. (41197). Smooth-surfaced squash for rattle.
1319. (41189). Gourd painted red, yellow, and black, which is
suspended to a pole held in the dance called by the Zunis
_t[)o]m-tsch[-u]l-t[)o]n-ne_.
1320. (41190). Yellow gourd, with black band, and having alternate
squares of white and black around the centre, through which a stick is
passed for holding it in the hand during a dance. The gourd is placed
on the stick in an inverted position. On the top of the stick a bunch
of feathers is attached. This ornament is generally used in their
social dances, in which the young men and women mingle. See Fig. 492.
1321. (41193). Water gourds.
1322. (41194). Gourd with opening in the end of the handle.
1323-1334. 1323, (41198); 1324, (41199); 1325, (41200); 1326, (41201);
1327, (41202); 1328, (41203); 1329, (41204); 1330, (41205); 1331,
(41206); 1332, (41207); 1333, (41234); 1334, (41235), are wooden birds
carved and painted to represent such as they are accustomed to seeing
daily. Those represented are the magpie, prairie lark, oriole, humming
bird, and swallow. The latter is shown in Fig. 493. The object is
attached to a stick in such a manner that the wings can be made to
move up and down by pulling a string, in imitation of the bird in
flight.
1335. (41184). Toy or baby cradle, called _wi-h[-a]-klem-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_,
(see Fig. 489), with a wooden doll arranged to show the manner of
securing children in cradles.
1336. (41725). Cradle with wooden doll, Fig. 487, composed of woven
willows.
1337. (41724). Toy drum, _t[-o]'-s[-o]-[ae]n-[ae]n-t[-o]m-me_.
1338. (41285). Spinning top.
_FOODS._
1339. (40905). _Wia-vi_, or wafer bread.
1340. (41261). Meal from Indian maize.
1341. (41263). Chili, or ground-red pepper.
1342. (41264). Dried peaches; Indian style.
1343. (41266). Dried squash; Indian style.
1344. (41267). Indian beans.
1345. (41271). Corn parched by the Indians.
1346. (41272). Native salt of Zuni.
1347. (41273). Zuni bread.
1348. (41274). Zuni bread used in the dance.
1349. (41280). Zuni bread.
1350. (41283). Zuni sprouted wheat, from which a juice or wine is
obtained.
1351. (42050). Horse beans cultivated by the Indians.
_MEDICINES AND DYES._
1352. (41172). Root used as medicine.
1353. (41173). Root used as medicine.
1354. (41175). Root used as medicine, called by the Zunians
_[-a]h-qu[-a]-[-a]-we_.
1355. (41174). Bark for coloring buckskin red.
1356. (41907). Plant for coloring black.
1357. (41908). Plant used for decorating pottery black, the oil or juice
of which is used.
[Illustration:
Fig. 491 (41275) (1/7)
Fig. 492 (41190) (1/8)
Fig. 493 (41235) (1/6)
Fig. 494 (40827) (1/5)
Fig. 495 (41277) (1/10)
Fig. 496 (40879) (1/10)
Figs. 491-496.--Zuni War Club, Dance Ornaments, etc.]
[Illustration:
Fig. 500 (41713)
Fig. 501 (41808)
Fig. 502 (41838)
Figs. 500-502.--ZUNI SASHES.]
ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.
_HORN AND BONE._
1358. (41284). Bone awl, with iron shaft.
1359-1361. 1359, (41851); 1360, (41852); and 1361, (41853), Fig. 498,
are specimens of a rattle or musical instrument made from the shell of
a turtle which is highly esteemed by the Pueblo tribes. The flesh of
the turtle is carefully removed from the shell, leaving it hollow. To
the edges of the breast plate are attached the toes of goats or sheep.
These toes coming in contact with the hollow shell produce a peculiar
sound, in keeping with the sound caused by the gourd rattles used in
the same ceremony. The rattle is fastened to the rear of the right leg
near the knee when employed in the dances.
[Illustration:
Fig. 498 (41853) (1/3)]
_SKIN._
1362. (41287). Lasso or lariat of plaited leather.
1363. (41219). Hopple strap; ends locked by small blocks of wood. See
Fig. 499.
[Illustration:
Fig. 499 (41219) (1/5)]
_WOVEN FABRICS._
1364. (41251). Moki scarf, from Zuni.
1365. (41552). Child's shirt of calico, _[-o]-ch[-u]-[-o]tsn-n[-a]_.
1366. (41253). Squaw's knit leggings.
1367, 1368. 1367, (41801) and 1368, (41807). Are sashes of Moki
manufacture, handsomely embroidered at each end in colors.
1369, 1370. 1369, (41712) and 1370, (14713). Are worsted woven belts for
the waist, called _eh-ni-ne_. See Fig. 500.
1371. (41714). Worsted garter, called _eh-ni-ne ts[-a]n-n[-a]_.
1372. (41801). Finely-woven white cotton with embroidered edge, of which
the following are examples:
1373-1375. 1373, (41802); 1374, (41803), and 1375, (41804).
1376. (41805). Blue woolen scarf.
1377. (41806). Scarf.
1378. (41807). Sash. See Fig. 501.
1379. (41808). Sash. See Fig. 502.
1380. (41809). Navajo blanket, used as a squaw's dress, with red border.
1381. (41810). Similar blanket.
1382. (41811). Navajo blanket with blue border. The following are
similar to the preceding:
1383-1388. 1383, (41812); 1384, (41813); 1385, (41814); 1386, (41815);
1387, (41816); and 1388, (41817).
1389. (41818). Saddle-blanket, in colors.
1390-1395. 1390, (41819); 1391, (41820); 1392, (41821); 1393, (41822);
1394, (41823); and 1395, (41824), are also saddle-blankets.
1396. (41825). Imperfect large robe of wool.
1397. (42223). Sample of green yarn used by the Zunians in making belts
and blankets.
1398. (42201). War trophy, worn as shoulder belt; the band which passes
over the shoulder is ornamented with arrow-points which are fastened
in the plaiting. The plaited portion is made of the skin dress of a
slain Navajo. So highly did the Zunians prize this trophy that I was
obliged to promise its return before I was allowed to take it away. A
sketch was made of it, after which it was returned to the Indians.
1399. (42268). A Zuni charm, made from a piece of shell rounded and
pierced near one end to-receive a string.
[Illustration:
Fig. 503 (41726) (1/6)]
1400. (41726). Head-dress worn by maidens in dances. Fig. 503 shows
the form. The flower is sometimes red and yellow; this is attached
to one side of the band which goes over the head; to the other
side is attached a horn-shaped ornament. The flower is called
_[-a]t[-e] [ae]n-ne_. The horn on the left is called _sai'[ae]nne_.
The band that encircles the head is called _g[)e]m-me_. The following
are articles of the same kind, differing only in ornamentation:
1401-1408. 1401, (41727); 1402, (41728); 1403, (41729); 1404, (41730);
1405, (41731); 1406, (41732); 1407, (41733); and 1408, (41734).
1409. (41698). Wool rosette; part of head-dress.
1410. (41699). Cotton rosette; part of head-dress.
1411. (41697). Charm of wild turkey feathers.
[Illustration:
Fig. 504 (42207) (1/3)
Fig. 505 (42208) (1/3)
Fig. 506 (42337) (1/3)
Fig. 507 (42213) (1/3)
Fig. 508 (42311)
Figs. 504-508.--Wolpi Axes and Metate.]
1412. (42206). Grooved axe of black fine-grained sandstone, about eight
inches long; water-worn to its present shape, afterward grooved to
render it suitable for use.
1413. (42207). Fig. 504. Grooved axe, of basalt. The only specimen of
this particular form in the collection.
1414. (42208). Fig. 505. Large stone celt of coarse sandstone, light
gray color. It is shaped more like a wedge than the cut indicates. It
is difficult to conjecture what this implement could have been used
for. The sandstone of which it is made is too soft for either
splitting or hammering. As it is about ten inches long and has four
flat sides it may have been a grinder, as many of those implements are
not unlike it in length and appearance. Its surface is quite rough and
pitted.
1415. (42209). Sandstone maul, grooved, surface rough.
1416. (42210). Triangular-shaped maul, grooved in the middle; of coarse
basalt. This and similar mauls evidently at one time had handles fixed
to them, but at the present day it is not uncommon to see the modern
Pueblo Indians holding them in the hand to crush their grain, chili or
red-pepper pods in round mortars.
1417. (42211). Grooved axe of basalt.
1418. (42212). Small grooved axe of metamorphic rock.
1419. (42213). Fig. 507. Water-worn boulder of quartzite, grooved around
the centre.
1420. (42214). Basaltic maul, grooved in the middle like the preceding.
Used by the Indians at the present day for pounding chili or red
pepper.
1421. (42216). Grooved axe of greenstone, quite long, well shaped, and
nicely polished.
1422. (42217). Grooved axe of greenstone, similar to the preceding.
1423. (42218). Grooved axe of sandstone; top square.
1424. (42219). Axe of basalt, grooved on three sides.
1425. (42220). Grooved axe of greenstone.
1426. (42221). Grooved axe of quartz.
1427. (42222). Grooved axe of sandstone. Groove very near the top.
1428. (42223). Grooved axe of greenstone, well polished.
1429. (42224). Grooved axe of schistose rock, much flattened, with a
small second groove below the larger one. 1430. (42225). Small grooved
axe of greenstone, body rather square, top quite small, with the
groove very near it.
1431. (42226). Axe of basalt, grooved on three sides near its top, which
is flat.
1432. (42227). Grooved on three sides.
1433. (42228). Grooved axe.
1434. (42319). Grooved axe made from a fragment of a grinder.
1435. (42320). Same as preceding.
1436. (42321). Rough chipping or stone hammer.
1437. (42322). Large grooved maul of a ferruginous substance.
1438. (42323). Large egg-shaped grooved maul of coarse sandstone.
1439. (42326). Large grooved maul of irregular shape and surface;
finegrained sandstone.
1440-1447. 1440, (42327); 1441, (42328); 1442, (42329); 1443, (42330);
1444, (42331); 1445, (42332); 1446, (42333); 1447, (42334), are all
quite similar to the two preceding mauls, and are all of sandstone.
1448. (42335). A very large grooved maul, almost square, and weighing
about fifteen pounds.
1449. (42336). Grooved maul of very coarse-grained sandstone; short and
thick.
1450. (42337). Fig. 506. Grooved maul of compact sandstone. The body of
the maul is almost round, though the cut makes it appear flat. Several
such specimens were collected, and in all instances they show that
they have been better preserved than the axes. This is probably due to
the fact that their shape adapts them to grinding foods and grain, and
hence they are not used for splitting or cutting.
1451. (42339). Rough stone maul of sandstone, grooved in the middle.
1452. (42350). Small grooved axe of sandstone from the ruins of Pecos.
1453. (42246). Celt of a very black slate stone.
1454. (42247). Celt. This is a very fine specimen, of yellow polished
slate of about the same texture as the preceding one. It is about
twelve inches long, and tapers gradually from the broad edge to the
top.
_METATES, OR GRAIN-GRINDERS, AND PESTLES._
1455-1460. 1455, (42279); 1456, (42287); 1457, (42289); 1458, (42309);
1459, (42310); 1460, (42311), are ordinary specimens of the metate
placed together in the shape of a mill. See Fig. 508.
1461, 1462. 1461, (42313), and 1462, (42314), are rubbing stones.
1463. (42338). Broken metate rubber.
1464. (42249). Rubbing stone.
1465. (40139). Rude rubber of silicified wood.
1466. (42274). Small quartz rubber.
1467. (42275). Small greenstone rubber.
1468-1473. 1468, (42276); 1469, (42277); 1470, (42278); 1471, (42316);
1472, (42317); 1473, (42318), are all fragrants of rubbers.
1474. (42290). Bound sandstone pestle, each end ovate.
1475. (42294). Square sandstone pestle.
1476. (42295). Small round pestle, with rounded ends.
_MORTARS, PESTLES, ETC._
Nearly all the pestles and mortars from Wolpi present evidences of age.
They are nearly all of coarse sandstone, and were used for bruising food
and grain. They are usually quite large, heavy, and round. As they are
generally of soft yielding rocks, the cavities are worn very deep in
most of them.
1477. (42281). Large flat food mortar.
1478. (42282). Paint mortar, made from a round sandstone boulder about
five inches in diameter.
1479. (42283). Grain mortar.
1480. (42284). Mortar made from a round somewhat flattened sandstone
boulder.
1481. (42285). Food mortar of indurated sandstone, about four inches
thick and eight inches in diameter, irregularly round, the depression
being about three inches deep.
1482. (42286). Mortar for crushing grain; this is an unusually fine
specimen. It is about seven inches high, and an almost round body,
about an inch and a half thick at the top of the rim; the cavity is
quite a perfect oval in shape, about five inches deep; bottom flat.
1483. (42288). Mortar similar to the above, but having a projection on
one side like the ear of a kettle.
1484. (42291). Mortar and pestle. The mortar is nearly square; cavity
about five inches deep and seven in diameter. The pestle has a groove
round the middle.
1485. (42292). Paint mortar about one inch thick and nearly square.
1486. (42293). Round quartzitic boulder; one side flat, the other with a
small cavity.
1487. (42307). Bowl-shaped food mortar, about ten inches in diameter and
five inches high.
_MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS._
1488. (42270). Stone knife with two notches or grooves near the large
end.
1489. (42271). Forty specimens of arrow-heads and small perforators,
flint and agate; most of them very well shaped.
1490. (42253). Sandstone gaming ball, painted.
1491-1493. 1491, (42254); 1492, (42255); and 1493, (42256), are all
sandstone gaming balls.
1494. (42257). Fig. 509. Hollow tube. The figure represents one made
from potters' clay, the other is of siliceous material. These pipes
are not in use at the present time, but are frequently found around
the ruins and in possession of the Indians.