regardless of hours, whether breaking the seals of freight cars on the
southern border to prevent the smuggling of Chinese, or watching the
countless routes of ingress from Canada, ever alert and willing, equally
efficient in detecting the inadmissible alien and the pretended citizen.
The Bureau asserts with confidence that, excepting a very few, the
government of this country has no more able and faithful servants in its
employ, either civil or military, than the immigration officers.
[27] Commissioner-General's Report for 1905, p. 41.
[28] _Immigration Report_ for 1905, p.56.
[29] Broughton Brandenburg, _Imported Americans_, 33.
[30] _Immigration Report_ for 1905, p. 48.
[31] Prof. H. H. Boyesen.
[32] Frederick Austin Ogg, in _Outlook_ for May 5, 1906.
[33] A synopsis of these recommendations will be found in Appendix B.
[34] Sec. 38. That no alien immigrant over sixteen years of age
physically capable of reading shall be admitted to the United States
until he has proved to the satisfaction of the proper inspection
officers that he can read English or some other tongue ... provided that
an admissible alien over sixteen, or a person now or hereafter in the
United States of like age, may bring in or send for his wife, mother,
affianced wife, or father over fifty-five, if they are otherwise
admissible, whether able to read or write or not.
[35] Sec. 39. That every male alien immigrant over sixteen shall be
deemed likely to become a public charge unless he shows to the proper
immigration officials that he has in his possession at the time of
inspection money to the equivalent of $25, or that the head of his
family entering with him so holds that amount to his account. Every
female alien must have $15.
[36] The Bill, as amended, left the head tax at $2, and the reading test
was omitted. Great opposition to the Bill came from the foreign element,
especially the Jews.
[37] Dr. Goodchild.
[38] Broughton Brandenburg, _Imported Americans_, 302.
[39] _Outlook_ for May 5, 1906.
[40] J. D. Whelpley, _The Problem of the Immigrant_, 13.
[41] _Annual Report for_ 1903, p. 60.
[42] _Annual Report for_ 1905, p. 58.
[43] Idem, opposite p. 34.
[44] This bureau shall collect and furnish to all incoming aliens, data
as to the resources, products, and manufactures of each state, territory
and district of the United States; the prices of land and character of
soils; routes of travel and fares; opportunities of employment in the
skilled and unskilled occupations, rates of wages, cost of living, and
all other information that in the judgment of the Commissioner-General
might tend to enlighten the aliens as to the inducements to settlement
in the various sections.
[45] Bernheimer, _The Russian Jew in the United States_, 370.
[46] Prescott F. Hall, _Immigration_, 303.
[47] Eliot Lord, in _The Italian in America_, 177 ff.
[48] "The Problem of Immigration," Presbyterian Board of Publication.
[49] For a condensed characterization of the north of Europe immigrants
read the chapter on Racial Conditions in _Immigration_ (chap. III.) The
leading traits of the various immigrant peoples are set forth with
fairness and discrimination, although probably none of those described
would see themselves exactly as Mr. Hall sees them.
[50] _The Italian in America._
[51] John Foster Carr in _Outlook_.
[52] See page 146.
[53] Dr. S. H. Lee in _Baptist Home Mission Monthly_, for May, 1905.
[54] Location of various public institutions of New York City.
[55] Industrial Commission Report to Congress, Dec. 5, 1901.
[56] _The Italian in America_, 215, 216.
[57] G. Tuoti, in _The Italian in America_, 78.
[58] A remarkable showing of what the Italians have accomplished through
these farming colonies in various parts of the country is given in the
chapter "On Farm and Plantation", in _The Italian in America_.
[59] Rev. E. P. Farnham, D.D., in New York _Examiner_, June 22, 1906.
[60] _University Settlement Studies_, December, 1905.
[61] While the Magyars (or Hungarians) are not Slavs, they have lived in
close contact with them, and for convenience may be classed in the
Slavic division; and the same thing is true of the Roumanian and Russian
Jews. All these peoples come from Russia, Austria-Hungary, or the Balkan
States, and represent similar customs and ideas, although they differ
materially in character, as we shall see.
[62] Samuel McLanahan, _Our People of Foreign Speech_, 34 ff.
[63] F. J. Warne, _The Slav Invasion_, chap. VI.
[64] Miss Kate H. Claghorn, in _Charities_, for December, 1904.
[65] _Charities_, for December, 1904.
[66] Samuel McLanahan, _Our People of Foreign Speech_, 45.
[67] Louis H. Pick, in _Charities_, for December, 1904.
[68] Miss Emily Balch, "The Slavs at Home," in _Charities and Commons_.
[69] Lee Frankel, in _The Russian Jew in the United States_, 63.
[70] Julius H. Greenstone, in _The Russian Jew in the United States_,
158.
[71] Commissioner-General's Report for 1905, p. 58.
[72] _The Leaven of a Great City_, and _The Story of an East Side
Family_.
[73] _University Settlement Studies_, January, 1906.
[74] Hamilton Holt, _Undistinguished Americans_, 43 ff.
[75] Jacob Riis, _How the Other Half Lives_, chap. XVIII.
[76] Robert Hunter, _Poverty_, chap. I. This is a book that every
American should read. The author is indebted to it for much of the
material in this chapter.
[77] Robert Hunter, _Poverty_, 196.
[78] Idem, chap. V.
[79] Richmond Mayo-Smith, _Emigration and Immigration_, 5 ff.
[80] Walter E. Heyl, in _University Settlement Studies_.
[81] F. J. Warne, _The Slav Invasion_, 103.
[82] Rena M. Atchison, _Un-American Immigration_, 82.
[83] Richmond Mayo-Smith, _Emigration and Immigration_, 84 ff.
[84] Represents the recapitulation of totals of Europe, Asia, Africa and
all other countries.
[85] Josiah Strong, _Our Country_, 56.
[86] Kate H. Claghorn, in _Charities_ for December, 1904.
[87] Broughton Brandenburg, _Imported Americans_, 19.
[88] Sidney Sampson, pamphlet, "The Immigration Problem."
[89] Fung Yuet Mow, Chinese missionary in New York, says that at a
missionary Conference which he attended in Canton there were fifty
missionaries present, native Chinese, and half of them were converted in
our missions in America, and returned home to seek the conversion of
their people. Everywhere he met the influence of Chinese who found
Christ in this country.
[90] Henry H. Hamilton in the _Home Missionary_.
[91] In one city in Massachusetts, where there are 1,700 Italians only
fifty or sixty attend the Roman Catholic Church; and in another, of
6,000 Italians, only about 300 go to that church. They declare that they
are tired of the Romish Church and have lost faith in its priests.
Similar reports come from all parts of the country.
[92] There are numerous instances equally remarkable. Many young people
express their desire to lead true lives and the missionaries often learn
how well the resolutions made at Ellis Island have been kept. One
missionary says: "I meet one here and another there, who tell me that I
met them first three or four years ago, when they first reached this
country, strangers to Christ as well as to me; but now they say, 'We
love to tell the story of Jesus and his love.' Some of the denominations
have houses fitted up for the temporary entertainment of immigrants who
need a safe place while waiting to hear from friends or secure
employment. This missionary work admirably supplements the excellent
service rendered by the protective organizations, of which the United
Hebrews Charities is perhaps the most influential, dispensing funds
amounting to $270,000 a year, including the Baron Hirsch fund. There is
also an Immigrant Girls' Home which saves many from temptation while
they are seeking employment, and helps them secure places in Christian
families."
[93] Rev. Joel S. Ives, pamphlet, "The Foreigner in New England."
[94] Appendix C.
[95] Some denominations already have theological training departments
for foreign people. The French-American College at Springfield,
Massachusetts, is the first distinctive training school for foreigners.
[96] "The Foreign Problem." Published by the Presbyterian Board of Home
Missions.
[97] Rev. F. H. Allen, in _Home Missionary_ for January, 1906.
[98] Rev. C. W. Shelton reports typical cases, that could be duplicated
by every secretary of a Home Missionary Society and every missionary. In
one mission church a young Swede girl gave $25 a month, out of her
earnings as cook, toward the pastor's support. In a Finnish church,
another young woman pledged $30 a month out a salary of $50. A Chinese
mission in California supports three native workers in China. A Slav
Mission Sunday-school in Braddock, Pennsylvania, with thirty members,
gave out of its poverty, as one year's record, $6 for home missions,
$1.25 for windows in a new Bohemian church, $1 for missionary schools,
$6.35 for maps, and $6 for a foreign missionary ship. Nearly fifty cents
a member these Slavs gave; and that amount per member from all Christian
Churches and Sunday-schools would make the missionary treasuries much
fuller than at present.
[99] Words used by Dr. A. L. Phillips, of Richmond, Va., at the
Asheville Conference, July, 1906.
[100] From Annual Report of Commissioner-General of Immigration for
1905.
[101] Statement from Commissioner-General F. P. Sargent.
[102] From the Lutheran World.