THE LANGUEDOCIAN SCORPION: PRELUDES TO THE WEDDING
In April, when the Swallow returns to us and the Cuckoo sounds his
first note, a revolution takes place among my hitherto peaceable
Scorpions. Several whom I have established in the colony in the
enclosure, leave their shelter at nightfall, go wandering about and do
not return to their homes. A more serious business: often, under the
same stone, are two Scorpions of whom one is in the act of devouring
the other. Is this a case of brigandage among creatures of the same
order, who, falling into vagabond ways when the fine weather sets in
thoughtlessly enter their neighbours’ houses and there meet with their
undoing unless they be the stronger? One would almost think it, so
quickly is the intruder eaten up, for days at a time and in small
mouthfuls, even as the usual game would be.
Now here is something to give us a hint. The Scorpions devoured are
invariably of middling size. Their lighter colouring, their less
protuberant bellies, mark them as males, always males. The others,
larger, more paunchy and a little darker in shade, do not end in this
unhappy fashion. So these are probably not brawls between neighbours
who, jealous of their solitude, would soon settle the hash of any
visitor and eat him afterwards, a drastic method of putting a stop to
further indiscretions; they are rather nuptial rites, tragically
performed by the matron after pairing. To determine how much ground
there is for this suspicion is beyond my powers until next year: I am
still too badly equipped.
Spring returns once more. I have prepared the large glass cage in
advance and stocked it with twenty-five inhabitants, each with his bit
of crockery. From mid-April onwards, every evening, when it grows dark,
between seven and nine o’clock, great animation reigns in the crystal
palace. That which seemed deserted by day now becomes a scene of
festivity. As soon as supper is finished, the whole household runs out
to look on. A lantern hung outside the panes allows us to follow
events.
It is our distraction after the worries of the day; it is our
play-house. In this theatre for simple folk, the performances are so
highly interesting that, the moment the lantern is lighted, all of us,
great and small alike, come and take our places in the stalls; all,
down to Tom, the House-dog. Tom, it is true, indifferent to Scorpion
affairs, like the true philosopher that he is, lies at our feet and
dozes, but only with one eye, keeping the other always open on his
friends the children.
Let me try to give the reader an idea of what happens. A numerous
assembly soon gathers near the glass panes in the region discreetly lit
by the lanterns. Every elsewhere, here, there, single Scorpions walk
about and, attracted by the light, leave the shade and hasten to the
illuminated festival. The very Moths betray no greater eagerness to
flutter to the rays of our lamps. The newcomers mingle with the crowd,
while others, tired of their pastimes, withdraw into the shade, snatch
a few moments’ rest and then impetuously return upon the scene.
These hideous devotees of gaiety provide a dance that is not wholly
devoid of charm. Some come from afar: solemnly they emerge from the
shadow; then, suddenly, with a rush as swift and easy as a slide, they
join the crowd, in the light. Their agility reminds one of Mice
scurrying along with their tiny steps. They seek one another and fly
precipitately the moment they touch, as though they had mutually burnt
their fingers. Others, after tumbling about a little with their
play-fellows, make off hurriedly wildly. They take fresh courage in the
dark and return.
At times, there is a violent tumult: a confused mass of swarming legs,
snapping claws, tails curving and clashing, threatening or fondling, it
is hard to say which. In this affray, under favourable conditions, twin
specks of light flare and shine like carbuncles. One would take them
for eyes that emit flashing glances; in reality they are two polished,
reflecting facets, which occupy the front of the head. All, large and
small alike, take part in the brawl; it might be a battle to the death,
a general massacre; and it is just a wanton frolic. Even so do kittens
bemaul each other. Soon, the group disperses; all make off in all sorts
of directions, without a scratch, without a sprain.
Behold the fugitives collecting once more beneath the lantern. They
pass and pass again; they come and go, often meeting front to front. He
who is in the greatest hurry walks over the back of the other, who lets
him have his way without any protest but a movement of the body. It is
no time for blows: at most, two Scorpions meeting will exchange a cuff,
that is to say, a rap of the caudal staff. In their community, this
friendly thump, in which the point of the sting plays no part, is a
sort of a fisticuff in frequent use. There are better things than
entangled legs and brandished tails; there are sometimes poses of the
highest originality. Face to face, with claws drawn back, two wrestlers
proceed to stand on their heads like acrobats, that is to say, resting
only on the fore-quarters, they raise the whole hinder portion of the
body, so much so that the chest displays the four little lung pockets
uncovered. Then the tails, held vertically erect in a straight line,
exchange mutual rubs, gliding one over the other, while their
extremities are hooked together and repeatedly fastened and unfastened.
Suddenly, the friendly pyramid falls to pieces and each runs off
hurriedly, without ceremony.
What were these two wrestlers trying to do, in their eccentric posture?
Was it a set-to between two rivals? It would seem not, so peaceful is
the encounter. My subsequent observations were to tell me that this was
the mutual teasing of a betrothed couple. To declare his flame, the
Scorpion stands on his head.
To continue as I have begun and give a homogeneous picture of the
thousand tiny particulars gathered day by day would have its
advantages: the story would sooner be told; but, at the same time
deprived of its details, which vary greatly between one observation and
the next and are difficult to piece together, it would be less
interesting. Nothing must be neglected in the relation of manners so
strange and as yet so little known. At the risk of repeating one’s self
here and there, it is preferable to adhere to chronological order and
to tell the story by fragments, as one’s observations reveal fresh
facts. Order will emerge from this disorder; for each of the more
remarkable evenings supplies some feature that corroborates and
completes those which go before. I will therefore continue my narration
in the form of a diary.
25th April, 1904.—Hullo! What is this, something I have not yet seen?
My eyes, ever on the watch, look upon the affair for the first time.
Two Scorpions face each other, with claws outstretched and fingers
clasped. It is a question of a friendly grasp of the hand and not the
prelude to a battle, for the two partners are behaving to each other in
the most peaceful way. There is one of either sex. One is paunchy and
browner than the other: this is the female; the other is comparatively
slim and pale: this is the male. With their tails prettily curled, the
couple stroll with measured steps along the pane. The male is ahead and
walks backwards, without jolt or jerk, without any resistance to
overcome. The female follows obediently, clasped by her finger-tips and
face to face with her leader.
The stroll is interrupted by halts that do not affect the method of
conjunction; it is resumed, now here, now there, from end to end of the
enclosure. Nothing shows the object which the strollers have in view.
They loiter, they dawdle, they most certainly exchange ogling glances.
Even so in my village, on Sundays, after vespers, do the youth of both
sexes saunter along the hedges, every Jack with his Jill.
Often they tack about. It is always the male who decides which fresh
direction the pair shall take. Without releasing her hands, he turns
gracefully to the left or right about and places himself side by side
with his companion. Then, for a moment, with tail laid flat, he strokes
her spine. The other stands motionless, impassive.
For over an hour, without tiring, I watch these interminable comings
and goings. A part of the household lends me its eyes in the presence
of the strange sight which no one in the world has yet seen, at least
with a vision capable of observing. In spite of the lateness of the
hour, which upsets all our habits, our attention is concentrated and no
essential thing escapes us.
At last, about ten o’clock, something happens. The male has hit upon a
potsherd whose shelter seems to suit him. He releases his companion
with one hand, with one alone, and continuing to hold her with the
other, he scratches with his legs and sweeps with his tail. A grotto
opens. He enters and, slowly, without violence, drags the patient
Scorpioness after him. Soon both have disappeared. A plug of sand
closes the dwelling. The couple are at home.
To disturb them would be a blunder: I should be interfering too soon,
at an inopportune moment, if I tried at once to see what was happening
below. The preliminary stages may last for the best part of the night;
and it does not do for me, who have turned eighty, to sit up so late. I
feel my legs giving way; and my eyes seem full of sand.
All night long I dream of Scorpions. They crawl under my bed-clothes,
they pass over my face; and I am not particularly excited, so many
curious things do I see in my imagination. The next morning, at
daybreak, I lift the stoneware. The female is alone. Of the male there
is no trace, either in the home or in the neighbourhood. First
disappointment, to be followed by many others.
10th May.—It is nearly seven o’clock in the evening; the sky is
overcast with signs of an approaching shower. Under one of the
potsherds is a motionless couple, face to face, with linked fingers.
Cautiously I raise the potsherd and leave the occupants uncovered, so
as to study the consequences of the interview at my ease. The darkness
of the night falls and nothing, it seems to me, will disturb the calm
of the home deprived of its roof. A sharp shower compels me to retire.
They, under the lid of the cage, have no need to take shelter against
the rain. What will they do, left to their business as they are but
deprived of a canopy to their alcove?
An hour later, the rain ceases and I return to my Scorpions. They are
gone. They have taken up their abode under a neighbouring tile. Still
with their fingers linked, the female is outside and the male indoors,
preparing the home. At intervals of ten minutes, the members of my
family relieve one another, so as not to lose the exact moment of the
pairing, which appears to be imminent. Wasted pains: at eight o’clock,
it being now quite dark, the couple, dissatisfied with the spot, set
out on a fresh ramble, hand in hand, and go prospecting elsewhere. The
male, walking backwards, leads the way, chooses the dwelling as he
pleases; the female follows with docility. It is an exact repetition of
what I saw on the 25th of April.
At last a tile is found to suit them. The male goes in first but this
time neither hand releases his companion for a moment. The nuptial
chamber is prepared with a few sweeps of the tail. Gently drawn towards
him, the Scorpioness enters in the wake of her guide.
I visit them a couple of hours later, thinking that I’ve given them
time enough to finish their preparations. I lift the potsherd. They are
there in the same posture, face to face and hand in hand. I shall see
no more to-day.
The next day, nothing new either. Each sits confronting the other,
meditatively. Without stirring a limb, the gossips, holding each other
by the finger-tips, continue their endless interview under the tile. In
the evening, at sunset, after sitting linked together for
four-and-twenty hours, the couple separate. He goes away from the tile,
she remains; and matters have not advanced by an inch.
This observation gives us two facts to remember. After the stroll to
celebrate the betrothal, the couple need the mystery and quiet of a
shelter. Never would the nuptials be consummated in the open air, amid
the bustling crowd, in sight of all. Remove the roof of the house, by
night or day, with all possible discretion; and the husband and wife,
who seem absorbed in meditation, march off in search of another spot.
Also, the sojourn under the cover of a stone is a long one: we have
just seen it spun out to twenty-four hours and even then without a
decisive result.
12th May.—What will this evening’s sitting teach us? The weather is
calm and hot, favourable to nocturnal pastimes. A couple has been
formed: how things began I do not know. This time the male is greatly
inferior to his corpulent mate. Nevertheless, the skinny wight performs
his duty gallantly. Walking backwards, according to rule, with his tail
rolled trumpetwise, he marches the fat Scorpioness around the glass
ramparts. After one circuit follows another, sometimes in the same,
sometimes in the opposite direction.
Pauses are frequent. Then the foreheads touch, bend a little to left
and right, as if the two were whispering in each other’s ears. The
little fore-legs flutter in feverish caresses. What are they saying to
each other? How shall we translate their silent epithalamium into
words?
The whole household turns out to see this curious team, which our
presence in no way disturbs. The pair are pronounced to be “pretty”;
and the expression is not exaggerated. Semitranslucent and shining in
the light of the lantern, they seem carved out of a block of amber.
Their arms outstretched, their tails rolled into graceful spirals, they
wander on with a slow movement and with measured tread.
Nothing puts them out. Should some vagabond, taking the evening air and
keeping to the wall like themselves, meet them on their way, he stands
aside—for he understands these delicate matters—and leaves them a free
passage. Lastly, the shelter of a tile receives the strolling pair, the
male entering first and backwards: that goes without saying. It is nine
o’clock.
The idyll of the evening is followed, during the night, by a hideous
tragedy. Next morning, we find the Scorpioness under the potsherd of
the previous day. The little male is by her side, but slain, and more
or less devoured. He lacks the head, a claw, a pair of legs. I place
the corpse in the open, on the threshold of the home. All day long, the
recluse does not touch it. When night returns, she goes out and,
meeting the deceased on her passage, carries him off to a distance to
give him a decent funeral, that is to finish eating him.
This act of cannibalism agrees with what the open-air colony showed me
last year. From time to time, I would find, under the stones, a
pot-bellied female making a comfortable ritual meal off her companion
of the night. I suspected that the male, if he did not break loose in
time, once his functions were fulfilled, was devoured, wholly or
partly, according to the matron’s appetite. I now have the certain
proof before my eyes. Yesterday, I saw the couple enter their home
after their usual preliminary, the stroll; and, this morning, under the
same tile, at the moment of my visit, the bride is consuming her mate.
Well, one supposes that the poor wretch has attained his ends. Were he
still necessary to the race, he would not be eaten yet. The couple
before us have therefore been quick about the business, whereas, I see
that others fail to finish after provocations and contemplations
exceeding in duration the time which it takes the hour-hand to go twice
around the clock. Circumstances impossible to state with precision—the
condition of the atmosphere perhaps, the electric tension, the
temperature, the individual ardour of the couple—to a large extent
accelerate or delay the finale of the pairing; and this constitutes a
serious difficulty for the observer anxious to seize the exact moment
whereat the as yet uncertain function of the combs might be revealed.
14th May.—It is certainly not hunger that stirs up my animals night
after night. The quest of food has nothing to say to their evening
rounds. I have served to the busy crowd a varied bill of fare, selected
from that which they appear to like best. It includes tender morsels in
the shape of young Locusts; small Grasshoppers, fleshier than the
Acridians; Moths minus their wings. At a later season, I add
Dragon-flies, a highly-appreciated dish, as is proved by their
equivalent, the full-grown Ant-lion, of whom I used to find the
remnants, the wings, in the Scorpion’s cave.
This luxurious game leaves them indifferent; they pay no attention to
it. Amid the hubbub, the Locusts hop, the Moths beat the ground with
the stumps of their wings, the Dragon-flies quiver; and the Scorpions
pass. They tread them underfoot, they topple them over, they push them
aside with a stroke of the tail; in short, they absolutely refuse to
look at them. They have other business in hand.
Almost all of them skirt the glass wall. Some of them obstinately
attempt to scale it: they hoist themselves on their tails, fall down,
try again elsewhere. With their outstretched fists they knock against
the pane; they want to get away at all costs. And yet the grounds are
large enough, there is room for all; the walks lend themselves to long
strolls. No matter: they want to roam afar. If they were free, they
would disperse in every direction. Last year, at the same time, the
colonists of the enclosure left the village and I never saw them again.
The spring pairing-season forces them to set forth exploring. The shy
hermits of yesterday now leave their cells and go on love’s pilgrimage;
heedless of food, they go in quest of their kind. Among the stones of
their domain there must be choice spots at which meetings take place,
at which assemblies are held. If I were not afraid of breaking my legs,
at night, over the rocky obstacles of their hills, I should love to
assist at their matrimonial festivals, amid the delights of liberty.
What do they do up there, on their bare slopes? Much the same,
apparently, as in the glass enclosure. Having picked a bride, they take
her about, for a long stretch of time, hand in hand, through the tufts
of lavender. If they miss the attractions of my lantern, they have the
moon, that incomparable lamp, to light them.
20th May.—The sight of the first invitation to a stroll is not an event
upon which we can count every evening. Several emerge from under their
stones already linked in couples. In this concatenation of clasped
fingers, they have passed the whole day, motionless, face to face,
meditating. When night comes, without separating for a moment, they
resume the walk around the glass begun on the evening before, or even
earlier. No one knows when or how the junction was effected. Others
meet unexpectedly in sequestered passages, difficult of inspection. By
the time that I see them, it is too late: the team is on the way.
To-day, chance favours me. The acquaintance is made before my eyes, in
the full light of the lantern. A frisky, sprightly male, in his hurried
rush through the crowd, suddenly finds himself confronting a fair
passer-by who takes his fancy. She does not gainsay him; and things
move quickly.
The foreheads touch, the claws engage; the tails swing with a spacious
gesture: they stand up vertically, hook together at the tips and softly
stroke each other with a slow caress. The two animals stand on their
heads in the manner already described. Soon, the raised bodies sink to
the ground; fingers are clasped and the couple start on their stroll
without more ado. The pyramidal pose, therefore, is really the prelude
to the harnessing. The pose, it is true, is not rare between two
individuals of the same sex on the meeting; but it is then less correct
and above all, less marked by ceremony. At such times, we find
movements of impatience, instead of friendly excitations; the tails
strike in lieu of fondling each other.
Let us watch the male, who hurries away backwards, very proud of his
conquest. Other females are met, who stand around and look on
inquisitively, perhaps enviously. One of them flings herself upon the
ravished bride, clasps her with her legs and makes an effort to stop
the team. The male exhausts himself in attempts to overcome this
resistance; in vain he shakes, in vain he pulls: things won’t move.
Undistressed by the accident, he throws up the game. A neighbour is
there, close by. Cutting parley short, this time without any further
declaration, he takes her hands and invites her to a stroll. She
protests, releases herself and runs away.
From among the group of onlookers, a second is solicited, in the same
free and easy manner. She accepts, but there is nothing to tell us that
she will not escape from her seducer on the way. But what does the
coxcomb care? There are more where she came from! And what does he
want, when all is said? The first that comes along!
This first-comer he soon finds, for here he is, leading his conquest by
the hand. He passes into the belt of light. Exerting all his strength,
he tugs and jerks at the other if she refuses to come, but is gentle in
his manner when he obtains a docile obedience. Pauses, sometimes rather
prolonged, are frequent.
Then the male indulges in some curious exercises. Bringing his claws,
or let us say, his arms towards him and then stretching them out again,
he compels the female to make a like alternation of movements. The two
of them form a system of jointed rods, like a lazy-tongs, opening and
closing their quadrilateral by turns. After this gymnastic exercise,
the mechanism contracts and remains stationary.
The foreheads now touch; the two mouths come together with tender
effusions. The word “kisses” comes to one’s mind to express these
caresses. It is not applicable; for head, face, lips, cheeks, all are
missing. The animal, lopped off short, as though with the shears, has
not even a muzzle. Where we look for a face we are confronted with a
dead wall of hideous jaws.
And to the Scorpion this represents the supremely beautiful! With his
fore-legs, more delicate, more agile than the others, he pats the
horrible mask, which in his eyes is an exquisite little face;
voluptuously he nibbles and tickles with his jaws the equally hideous
mouth opposite. It is all superb in its tenderness and simplicity. The
Dove is said to have invented the kiss. But I know that he had a
fore-runner in the Scorpion.
Dulcinea lets her admirer have his way and remains passive, not without
a secret longing to slip off. But how is she to set about it? It is
quite easy. The Scorpioness makes a cudgel of her tail and brings it
down with a bang upon the wrists of her too-ardent wooer, who there and
then lets go. The match is broken off, for the time being. To-morrow,
the sulking-fit will be over and things will resume their course.
25th May.—This blow of the cudgel teaches us that the docile companion
revealed by our first observations is capable of whims, of obstinate
refusals, of sudden divorces. Let us give an example.
This evening, he and she, a seemly couple, are out for a stroll. A tile
is found and appears to suit. Letting go with one claw, so as to have
some freedom of action, the male works with his legs and tail to clear
the entrance. He goes in. By degrees, as the dwelling is dug out, the
female follows him, meekly and gently, so one would think.
Soon, the place and time perhaps not suiting her, she reappears and
half-emerges, backwards. She struggles against her abductor, who, on
his side, pulls her to him, without, as yet, showing himself. A lively
contest ensues, one making every effort outside the cabin, the other
inside. They go backwards and forwards by turns; and success is
undecided. At last, with a sudden effort, the Scorpioness drags her
companion out.
The unbroken team is in the open; the walk is resumed. For a good hour,
they hug the panes, tacking down one side of the cage and back by the
other and then return to the tile recently deserted, the exact same
one. As the way is already open, the male enters without delay and
pulls like mad. Outside, the Scorpioness resists. Stiffening her legs,
which plough the soil, and buttressing her tail against the arch of the
tile, she refuses to go in. I like this resistance. What would the
pairing be without the playful setting of the preliminaries?
Under the stone, however, the ravisher insists and contrives to such
good purpose that the rebel obeys. She enters. It has just struck ten.
If I have to sit up for the rest of the night, I will wait for the
result; I shall turn over the potsherd at the fitting moment to catch a
glimpse of what is happening underneath. Good opportunities are rare:
let us make the most of this one. What shall I see?
Nothing at all. In half an hour or less, the recalcitrant female frees
herself, comes out of the shelter and flees. The other at once hurries
up from the back of the cabin, stops on the threshold and looks out.
The beauty has escaped him. Sheepishly he returns indoors. He has been
cheated. So have I.