needle-shaped, 3-sided, mucronate; pale blue-green. Persistent about 2
years.
FLOWERS.--June; monoecious; the staminate oval, light brown, about 1/3
inch long, surrounded by 6-8 involucral bracts; the pistillate
cylindrical, about 1/4 inch long, pinkish purple, long-stalked.
FRUIT.--Autumn of second season, falling during the winter and succeeding
spring; pendent, short-stalked, narrow-cylindrical, often curved,
greenish cones, 4-10 inches long; scales rather loose, slightly
thickened at the apex; seeds red-brown, 1/4 inch long, with wings 1 inch
long.
WINTER-BUDS.--Oblong-ovoid, sharp-pointed, yellow-brown, 1/4-1/2 inch
long.
BARK.--Twigs at first rusty-tomentose, later smooth and light brown,
finally thin, smooth, greenish; thick, dark gray on the trunk, shallowly
fissured into broad, scaly ridges.
WOOD.--Light, soft, weak, compact, straight-grained, easily worked, light
brown, with thin, whitish sapwood.
DISTRIBUTION.--Upper Peninsula and Lower Peninsula north of Allegan,
Eaton and St. Clair Counties. Often planted as an ornamental tree
farther south.
HABITAT.--Prefers a light, fertile loam; sandy soils of granite origin.
NOTES.--Rapid of growth. Small seedlings easily transplanted. Formerly
very abundant, but rapidly nearing extinction through destructive
lumbering.
[Illustration: +Jack Pine. Scrub Pine+
1. Cluster of leaves, × 1.
2. Cross-section of leaf, enlarged.
3. Branchlet with unopened cone, × 1.
4. Branchlet with opened cone, × 1.
5. Cone-scale with seeds, × 1.]
+PINACEAE+
+Jack Pine. Scrub Pine+
_Pinus banksiana Lamb._ [_Pinus divaricata (Ait.) Du Mont de Cours._]
HABIT.--Usually a small tree 20-30 feet high, with a trunk diameter of
8-12 inches; forming a crown varying from open and symmetrical to
scrubby, stunted, and variously distorted.
LEAVES.--In clusters of two; about 1 inch long; narrow-linear, with
sharp-pointed apex; stout, curved or twisted, divergent from a short
sheath; dark gray-green. Persistent 2-3 years.
FLOWERS.--May-June; monoecious; the staminate in oblong clusters 1/2 inch
long, composed of many sessile, yellow anthers imbricated upon a central
axis; the pistillate in subglobose clusters, composed of many
carpel-like, purple scales (subtended by small bracts) spirally arranged
upon a central axis.
FRUIT.--Autumn of second or third season, but remaining closed for
several years and persistent on the tree for 10-15 years; erect, usually
incurved, oblong-conical, sessile cones, 1-1/2-2 inches long; scales
thickened at the apex; seeds triangular, nearly black, 3/8 inch long,
with wings 1/3 inch long.
WINTER-BUDS.--Terminal bud 1/4 inch long, ovoid, rounded, pale brown;
lateral buds smaller.
BARK.--Twigs yellow-green, becoming purple, finally dark red-brown and
rough with the persistent bases of fallen leaves; thin, dark red-brown
on the trunk, with shallow, rounded ridges, rough-scaly on the surface.
WOOD.--Light, soft, weak, close-grained, light brown, with thick, whitish
sapwood.
DISTRIBUTION.--Common from Clare County northward; occurs sparingly along
the lake shore as far south as Grand Haven on the west and Port Austin
on the east.
HABITAT--Sandy, sterile soil.
NOTES.--Cones open unevenly. Slow of growth. Difficult to transplant.
[Illustration: +Austrian Pine. Black Pine+
1. Cluster of leaves, × 1.
2. Cross-section of leaf, enlarged.
3. Unopened cone, × 1.
4. Partly opened cone, × 1/2.
5. Cone-scale with seeds, × 1.]
+PINACEAE+
+Austrian Pine. Black Pine+
_Pinus laricio austriaca Endl._ [_Pinus austriaca Höss._]
HABIT.--A large tree 60-80 feet high, with a trunk diameter of 2-4 feet;
forming a massive, spreading crown of stiff, strong branches.
LEAVES.--In clusters of two; 3-6 inches long; slender, rigid,
sharp-pointed, curved towards the twig; deep green on both faces.
Persistent 3-6 years.
FLOWERS.--May-June; monoecious; the staminate cylindrical, subsessile,
bright yellow, about 3/4 inch long; the pistillate cylindrical, small,
bright red, subsessile.
FRUIT.--Autumn of first season, opening two years after full size is
attained and remaining on the tree several years; erect, sessile,
long-ovoid cones 2-3 inches long; scales smooth, lustrous, thickened at
the apex and topped with a short spine in the center; seeds red-brown,
1/4 inch long, with wings 3/4 inch long.
WINTER-BUDS.--Oblong-conical, sharp-pointed, red-brown, resinous, about
1/2 inch long.
BARK.--Twigs brownish to olive-brown and smooth, becoming darker with
age; thick, gray to nearly black on old trunks and coarsely and deeply
fissured.
WOOD.--Light, strong, very resinous, red-brown, with thick, yellowish to
reddish white sapwood.
NOTES.--Perfectly hardy. Adapts itself to a variety of soils. Well
adapted for screens and wind-breaks. Easily transplanted when small.
Grows rapidly.
[Illustration: +Scotch Pine. Scotch Fir+
1. Cluster of leaves, × 1.
2. Cross-section of leaf, enlarged.
3. Unopened cone, × 1.
4. Partly opened cone, × 1.
5. Cone-scale with seeds, × 1.]
+PINACEAE+
+Scotch Pine. Scotch Fir+
_Pinus sylvestris L._
HABIT.--A large tree 60-80 feet high, with a trunk diameter of 1-2 feet;
the side branches persist, forming a massive, wide-spreading crown.
LEAVES.--In clusters of two; 1-1/2-3 inches long; stiff, more or less
twisted, spreading slightly from a short sheath; bluish-or often
glaucous-green. Persistent 3-4 years.
FLOWERS.--May-June; monoecious; the staminate ovoid, short-stalked,
yellowish, about 1/4 inch long; the pistillate oblong, reddish,
short-stalked, about 1/4 inch long.
FRUIT.--Autumn of second season, falling as soon as ripe; pendent,
stout-stalked, ovoid-conical cones 1-1/2-2-1/2 inches long; scales dull
gray-brown, thickened at the apex into 4-sided, recurved points; seeds
red-brown, nearly 1/4 inch long, with wings about 3/4 inch long.
WINTER-BUDS.--Oblong-ovoid, sharp-pointed, red-brown, resinous, about 1/4
inch long.
BARK.--Twigs reddish to orange-brown, becoming grayish; thick, dark
orange-brown on old trunks and coarsely and deeply fissured.
WOOD.--Light, stiff, straight-grained, strong, heavy, hard, resinous,
red-brown, with thick, yellow to reddish white sapwood.
NOTES.--Very rapid of growth. Reaches perfection only in cold or elevated
regions. Adapts itself to a variety of soils. A valuable ornamental
tree. Very useful for screens or shelter belts.
[Illustration: +Red Pine, Norway Pine+
1. Cluster of leaves, × 1.
2. Cross-section of leaf, enlarged.
3. Opened cone, × 1.
4. Cone-scale with seeds, × 1.]
+PINACEAE+
+Red Pine. Norway Pine+
_Pinus resinosa Ait._
HABIT.--A large tree 70-80 feet high, with a trunk diameter of 2-3 feet;
stout, horizontal branches, form a broad, rounded, rather open crown.
LEAVES.--In clusters of two; 4-6 inches long; slender, straight,
needle-shaped, sharp-pointed, flexible, from elongated, persistent
sheaths; lustrous dark green. Persistent 4-5 years.
FLOWERS.--April-May; monoecious; the staminate in oblong, dense clusters,
1/2-3/4 inch long, composed of many sessile, purple anthers imbricated
upon a central axis; the pistillate single or few-clustered at the end
of the branchlets, subglobose; scales ovate, scarlet, borne on stout
peduncles covered with pale brown bracts.
FRUIT.--Autumn of second season, falling the next summer; ovoid-conical,
nearly sessile cones, about 2 inches long; scales thickened at the apex;
seeds oval, compressed, light mottled-brown, with wings 1/2-3/4 inch
long.
WINTER-BUDS.--About 3/4 inch long, ovoid or conical, acute, red-brown,
with rather loose scales.
BARK.--Twigs orange-brown, becoming rough with the persistent bases of
leaf-buds; thick and red-brown on the trunk, shallowly fissured into
broad, flat ridges.
WOOD.--Light, hard, very close-grained, pale red, with thin, yellow to
white sapwood.
DISTRIBUTION.--Very abundant in Clare County and northward; frequent on
the east side of the state as far south as Port Huron.
HABITAT.--Sandy plains and dry woods.
NOTES.--Rapid of growth on the better soils. Difficult to transplant.
[Illustration: +Tamarack+
1. Autumn branchlet, with leaves and cones, × 1.
2. Cross-section of leaf, enlarged.
3. Fruiting branchlet in winter, × 1.
4. Cone-scale with seeds, × 2.]
+PINACEAE+
+Tamarack+
_Larix laricina (DuRoi) Koch_ [_Larix americana Michx._]
HABIT.--A tree sometimes 80-100 feet high, with a trunk diameter of 1-2
feet; forming a broad, open, irregular crown of horizontal branches.
LEAVES.--Scattered singly along the leading shoots or clustered on the
short lateral branchlets; linear, with blunt apex; rounded above, keeled
beneath; about 1 inch long; bright green; sessile. Deciduous in early
autumn.
FLOWERS.--April-May, with the leaves, monoecious; the staminate sessile,
subglobose, yellow, composed of many short-stalked anthers spirally
arranged about a central axis; the pistillate oblong, short-stalked,
composed of orbicular, green scales (subtended by red bracts) spirally
arranged about a central axis.
FRUIT.--Autumn of first season, but persistent on the tree for a year
longer; ovoid, obtuse, light brown, short-stalked cones, 1/2-3/4 inch
long; seeds 1/8 inch long, with pale brown wings widest near the middle.
WINTER-BUDS.--Small, globose, lustrous, dark red.
BARK.--Twigs at first grayish, glaucous, later light orange-brown, and
finally dark brown; red-brown and scaly on the trunk.
WOOD.--Heavy, hard, very strong, coarse-grained, very durable, light
brown, with thin, nearly white sapwood.
DISTRIBUTION.--Common throughout the state.
HABITAT.--Prefers cold, deep swamps, or in the north coming out on the
drier uplands.
NOTES.--Becomes a picturesque tree in old age. Should be transplanted
while dormant.
+SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PICEA+
a. Leaves 3/4-1 inch long, sharp-pointed; twigs glabrous.
b. Cones 1-2 inches long, maturing in first season; leaves
ill-scented when bruised. _P. canadensis_, p. 21.
bb. Cones 3-6 inches long, maturing in second season; leaves
not ill-scented when bruised. _P. abies_, p. 25.
aa. Leaves 1/8-3/8 inch long, blunt-pointed; twigs
rusty-pubescent. _P. mariana_, p. 23.
+WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PICEA+
a. Leaves 3/4-1 inch long, sharp pointed; twigs glabrous.
b. Cones 1-2 inches long, maturing in first season; leaves
ill-scented when bruised. _P. canadensis_, p. 21.
bb. Cones 3-6 inches long, maturing in second season; leaves
not ill-scented when bruised. _P. abies_, p. 25.
aa. Leaves 1/8-3/8 inch long, blunt-pointed; twigs
rusty-pubescent. _P. mariana_, p. 23.
[Illustration: +White Spruce+
1. Winter branchlet, x.
2. Leaves, × 1.
3. Cross-section of leaf, enlarged.
4. Unopened cone, × 1.
5. Partly opened cone, × 1.
6. Cone-scale with seeds, × 1.]
+PINACEAE+
+White Spruce+
_Picea canadensis (Mill.) BSP._ [_Picea alba Link_]
HABIT.--A tree 50-60 feet high, with a trunk diameter of 1-2 feet;
forming a rather broad, open, pyramidal crown.
LEAVES.--Spirally arranged, but crowded on the upper side of the branches
by the twisting of those on the under side; awl-shaped, 4-sided,
incurved; dark blue-green; about 3/4 inch long; ill-scented when
bruised. Persistent for several years.
FLOWERS.--April-May; monoecious; the staminate oblong-cylindrical,
long-stalked, 1/2-3/4 inch long, composed of many spirally arranged, red
anthers; the pistillate oblong-cylindrical, composed of broad, reddish
scales (subtended by orbicular bracts) spirally arranged upon a central
axis.
FRUIT.--Autumn or early winter of first season, falling soon after
discharging the seeds; pendent, slender, oblong-cylindrical, nearly
sessile cones, 1-2 inches long; seeds about 1/8 inch long, with large
wings oblique at the apex.
WINTER-BUDS.--Broadly ovoid, obtuse, light brown, 1/8-1/4 inch long.
BARK.--Twigs smooth, gray-green, becoming orange-brown, finally dark
gray-brown; thin, light gray-brown on the trunk, separating into thin,
plate-like scales.
WOOD.--Light, soft, weak, straight-grained, light yellow, with sapwood of
the same color.
DISTRIBUTION.--Common in the northern half of the Lower Peninsula and
throughout the Upper Peninsula.
HABITAT.--Low, damp woods; banks of streams; borders of lakes; high rocky
or sandy slopes; loves the cold winters.
NOTES.--A vigorous and beautiful tree in regions sufficiently cold.
[Illustration: +Black Spruce+
1. Winter branchlet, × 1.
2. Leaves, × 2.
3. Cross-sections of leaves, enlarged.
4-5. Opened cones, × 1.
6. Cone-scale with seeds, × 1.]
+PINACEAE+
+Black Spruce+
_Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP._ [_Picea nigra Link_]
HABIT.--A small tree 20-30 feet high, with a trunk diameter of 6-10
inches; forming a narrow-based, conical, more or less irregular crown of
short, slender, horizontal branches; often small and stunted.
LEAVES.--Spirally arranged, spreading in all directions; awl-shaped,
4-sided, blunt at the apex, more or less incurved; stiff; dark
blue-green and glaucous; 1/8-3/8 inch long. Persistent for several
years.
FLOWERS.--April-May; monoecious; the staminate subglobose, about 1/2 inch
long, composed of many spirally arranged, dark red anthers; the
pistillate oblong-cylindrical, composed of broad, purple scales
(subtended by rounded, toothed, purple bracts) spirally arranged upon a
central axis, about 1/2 inch long.
FRUIT.--Autumn of first season, but persistent on the branch for many
years; pendent, ovoid, short-stalked cones, about 1 inch long; seeds
about 1/8 inch long, with pale brown wings 1/2 inch long.
WINTER-BUDS.--Ovoid, acute, light red-brown, puberulous, 1/8 inch long.
BARK.--Twigs at first green and rusty-pubescent, becoming dull red-brown
and rusty-pubescent; thin, gray-brown on the trunk, separating into
thin, appressed scales.
WOOD.--Light, soft, weak, pale yellow-white, with thin, pure white
sapwood.
DISTRIBUTION.--Occurs sparingly in southern Michigan; more abundant in
the northern portions.
HABITAT.--Cold, sphagnous bogs and swamps; shores of lakes.
NOTES.--Short-lived. Undesirable for ornamental planting. Growing to its
largest size in the far north.
[Illustration: +Norway Spruce+
1. Branchlet with partly opened cone, × 1/2.
2. Leaf, × 3.
3. Cross-sections of leaves, enlarged.
4. Cone-scale with seeds, × 1.]
+PINACEAE+
+Norway Spruce+
_Picea abies (L.) Karst._ [_Picea excelsa Link_]
HABIT.--A tree 50-70 feet high, with a trunk diameter of 1-3 feet;
forming a dense, conical, spire-topped crown of numerous, drooping
branches which persist nearly to the ground.
LEAVES.--Spirally arranged along the twig; crowded; 3/4-1 inch long;
rigid, curved, acute; lustrous, dark green. Persistent 5-7 years.
FLOWERS.--May; monoecious; the staminate ovoid to subglobose,
long-stalked, reddish to yellowish, 3/4-1 inch long; the pistillate
cylindrical, sessile, erect, 1-1/2-2 inches long.
FRUIT.--Autumn of first season; sessile, cylindrical cones 3-6 inches
long, pendent from the tips of the uppermost branches; sterile scales
very short, toothed; seeds red-brown, rough, 1/8 inch long, with long
wings.
WINTER-BUDS.--Ovoid, acute, red-brown, not resinous, about 3/8 inch long.
BARK.--Twigs red- or orange-brown, smooth or corrugated; becoming thin and
gray-brown on old trunks, slightly fissured, scaly.
WOOD.--Light, strong, tough, elastic, soft, fine-grained, white, with
thick, indistinguishable sapwood.
NOTES.--Grows to a height of 120-150 feet in northern Europe and Asia.
Perfectly hardy in Michigan. Easily transplanted. Adapts itself to a
variety of soils and climates. Grows rapidly, but is short-lived in our
country. Desirable for ornamental planting. Useful for shelter belts.
[Illustration: +Balsam Fir+
1. Winter branchlet, × 1.
2-3. Leaves, × 2.
4. Cross-section of leaf, enlarged.
5. Unopened cone, × 1.
6. Cone-scale with seeds, × 1.]
+PINACEAE+
+Balsam Fir+
_Abies balsamea (L.) Mill._
HABIT.--A slender tree 40-60 feet high, with a trunk diameter of 12-18
inches; branches in whorls of 4-6, forming a symmetrical, open crown
widest at the base and tapering regularly upward.
LEAVES.--Scattered, spirally arranged in rows, on young trees extending
from all sides of the branch, on old trees covering the upper side of
the branch; narrowly linear, with apex acute or rounded; 1/2-1-1/4
inches long; lustrous, dark green above, pale beneath; sessile;
aromatic. Persistent 8-10 years.
FLOWERS.--May; monoecious; the staminate oblong-cylindrical, yellow, 1/4
inch long, composed of yellow anthers (subtended by scales) spirally
arranged upon a central axis; the pistillate oblong-cylindrical, 1 inch
long, composed of orbicular, purple scales (subtended by yellow-green
bracts) spirally arranged upon a central axis.
FRUIT.--Autumn of first season; oblong-cylindrical, erect, puberulous,
dark purple cones, 2-4 inches long, about 1 inch thick; seeds 1/4 inch
long, shorter than their light brown wings.
WINTER-BUDS.--Globose, orange-green, resinous, 1/8-1/4 inch in diameter.
BARK.--Twigs at first grayish and pubescent, becoming gray-brown and
smooth; thin and smooth on young trunks, pale gray-brown and marked by
swollen resin chambers; red-brown on old trunks and somewhat roughened
by small, scaly plates.
WOOD.--Very light, soft, weak, coarse-grained, perishable, pale brown,
with thick, lighter colored sapwood.
DISTRIBUTION.--Occasional in the southern half of the Lower Peninsula,
frequent in the northern half; abundant in the Upper Peninsula.
HABITAT.--Prefers cool, moist, rich soil; low, swampy ground;
well-drained hillsides.
NOTES.--Grows rapidly. Short-lived. Easily transplanted.
[Illustration: +Hemlock+
1. Fruiting branch viewed from beneath, × 1/2.
2. Leaf, × 3.
3. Cross-section of leaf, enlarged.
4. Branchlet with partly opened cone, × 1.
5. Cone-scale with seeds, × 3.]
+PINACEAE+
+Hemlock+
_Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr._
HABIT.--A large tree 60-80 feet high, with a trunk 2-4 feet in diameter;
forming a rather broad, open, somewhat irregular-pyramidal crown of
slender, horizontal branches.
LEAVES.--Spirally arranged around the branch, but appearing 2-ranked by
the twisting of their petioles; linear, flat, rounded at the apex; about
1/2 inch long; dark yellow-green and shining above, hoary beneath;
short-petioled. Persistent about 3 years.
FLOWERS.--April-May; monoecious; the staminate axillary, short-stalked,
light yellow, about 3/8 inch long, composed of subglobose clusters of
stamens; the pistillate terminal, oblong, pale green, 1/8 inch long, the
scales short, pinkish.
FRUIT.--Autumn of first season, gradually losing their seeds during the
winter and falling the next spring; oblong-ovoid, acute, short-stalked,
red-brown cones, about 3/4 inch long; seeds 1/8 inch long, with wings
about twice as long.
WINTER-BUDS.--Ovoid, obtuse, red-brown, slightly puberulous, 1/16 inch
long.
BARK.--Twigs at first pale brown and pubescent, becoming glabrous,
gray-brown; thick, red-brown or gray on the trunk, deeply divided into
narrow, rounded, scaly ridges.
WOOD.--Light, soft, weak, brittle, coarse- and crooked-grained, not
durable, ill-smelling, light red-brown, with thin, darker colored
sapwood.
DISTRIBUTION.--Throughout the state, with the exception of the
south-eastern portion; scarce on the east side of the state, more common
on the west, becoming very abundant in Emmet County.
HABITAT.--Prefers well-drained uplands and slopes of ravines.
NOTES.--A favorite hedge plant. Useful for ornamental planting in shady
situations.
[Illustration: +Arborvitae. White Cedar+
1. Fruiting branchlet, × 1.
2. Tip of branchlet, enlarged.
3. Cone-scale with seeds, × 3.]
+PINACEAE+
+Arborvitae. White Cedar+
_Thuja occidentalis L._
HABIT.--A tree 40-50 feet high, with a short, often buttressed trunk 1-2
feet in diameter, often divided into 2-3 secondary stems; forming a
rather dense, wide-based, pyramidal crown.
LEAVES.--Opposite, 4-ranked, scale-like, appressed; ovate, obtuse or
pointed, keeled in the side pairs, flat in the others; 1/8-1/4 inch
long; yellow-green, often becoming brown in winter; strongly aromatic
when crushed. Persistent 1-2 years.
FLOWERS.--April-May; usually monoecious; the staminate minute, globose,
yellow, composed of 4-6 stamens arranged oppositely on a short axis; the
pistillate small, oblong, reddish, composed of 8-12 scales arranged
oppositely on a short axis.
FRUIT.--Early autumn of first season, but persistent on the branch
through the winter; erect, short-stalked, oblong-ovoid, pale brown
cones, about 1/2 inch long, composed of 8-12 loose scales; seeds 1/8
inch long, ovate, acute, winged.
WINTER-BUDS.--Naked, minute.
BARK.--Twigs yellow-green, becoming light red, finally smooth, lustrous,
dark orange-brown; thin, light red-brown on the trunk, slightly furrowed
or deciduous in ragged strips.
WOOD.--Light, soft, brittle, rather coarse-grained, durable, fragrant,
pale yellow-brown, with thin, whitish sapwood.
DISTRIBUTION.--Throughout the Upper Peninsula, Lower Peninsula as far
south as Montcalm County.
HABITAT.--Prefers moist soil in low swamps and along river-banks.
NOTES.--Slow of growth. Tolerant of all soils and exposures. Especially
useful for hedges or narrow evergreen screens.
[Illustration: +Red Juniper. Red Cedar+
1. Branchlet with awl-shaped leaves, × 1.
2. Tip of branchlet, showing awl-shaped leaves, enlarged.
3. Fruiting branchlet with scale-like leaves, × 1.
4. Tip of branchlet, showing scale-like leaves, enlarged.]
+PINACEAE+
+Red Juniper. Red Cedar+
_Juniperus virginiana L._
HABIT.--A medium-sized tree 30-40 feet high, with a trunk diameter of 1-2
feet; forming an irregular, pyramidal or rounded crown.
LEAVES.--Opposite, of two kinds: (1) sessile, scale-like, closely
appressed, overlapping, 4-ranked, ovate, acute, 1/16 inch long, (2)
sessile, awl-shaped, loosely arranged, 1/4-1/2 inch long. Persistent 5-6
years.
FLOWERS.--May; usually dioecious; minute; the staminate oblong-ovoid,
composed of 4-6 shield-like scales, each bearing 4-5 yellow, globose
pollen sacs; the pistillate ovoid, composed of about 3 pairs of flesh,
bluish scales, united at the base and bearing 2 ovules.
FRUIT.--Autumn of first or second season; subglobose, berry-like
strobile, about 1/4 inch in diameter, dark blue and glaucous; flesh
sweet and resinous; seeds 2-3.
WINTER-BUDS.--Naked, minute.
BARK.--Twigs greenish to red-brown and smooth; thin, light red-brown on
the trunk, exfoliating lengthwise into long, narrow, persistent strips,
exposing the smooth, brown inner bark.
WOOD.--Light, soft, close-grained, brittle, weak, durable, very fragrant,
dull red, with thin, whitish sapwood.
DISTRIBUTION.--Occurs sparingly throughout the state; most abundant in
the southern portion.
HABITAT.--Prefers loamy soil on sunny slopes; dry, rocky hills; also
borders of lakes and streams, peaty swamps.
NOTES.--Slow of growth. Long-lived. Should be transplanted with ball of
earth. Tolerant of varied soils and situations.
+SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SALIX+[D]
a. Leaf-petioles without glands.
b. Leaves 1/4-3/4 inch broad; petioles broad and flat. _S.
nigra_, p. 37.
bb. Leaves 3/4-1/4 inches broad; petioles slender and terete.
_S. amygdaloides_, p. 39.
aa. Leaf-petioles glandular above.
b. Leaves 1/4-1/2 inch broad, sharp-serrate; tree with weeping
habit. _S. babylonica_, p. 43.
bb. Leaves 1/2-1-1/2 inches broad, blunt-serrate; tree with
upright habit. _S. fragilis_, p. 41.
+WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SALIX+