SOUTANE, s[=oo]-t[=a]n', _n._ a cassock. [Fr.,--Low L. _subtana_--L.
_subtus_, beneath.]
SOUTER, s[=oo]'t[.e]r, _n._ (_Scot._) a shoemaker, a cobbler--also SOW'TER,
SOU'TAR.--_adv._ SOU'TERLY. [A.S. _sútere_ (Ice. _sútari_)--L.
_sutor_--_su[)e]re_, to sew.]
SOUTH, sowth, _n._ the direction in which the sun appears at noon to the
people north of the Tropic of Cancer: any land opposite the north: the
Southern States in U.S. history: the side of a church on the right hand of
one facing the altar.--_adj._ lying towards the south.--_adv._ towards the
south.--_v.i._ to veer towards the south: to cross the meridian of a
place.--_n._ SOUTH'-EAST', the direction equally distant from the south and
east.--_adjs._ SOUTH'-EAST', SOUTH'-EAST'ERLY, SOUTH'-EAST'ERN, pertaining
to, in the direction of, or coming from the south-east.--_n._
SOUTH'-EAST'ER, a wind from the south-east.--_advs._ SOUTH'-EAST'WARD, -LY,
toward the south-east.--_n._ SOUTHER (sow_th_'-), a wind from the
south.--_v.i._ to veer toward the south.--_adj._ SOUTHERING (su_th_'-),
turned toward the south, having a southern exposure.--_n._ SOUTHERLINESS
(su_th_'-), the condition of being southerly.--_adjs._ SOUTHERLY
(su_th_'-), SOUTHERN (su_th_'-), pertaining to, situated in, or proceeding
from or towards the south:--_superls._ SOUTHERMOST (su_th_'-), SOUTHERNMOST
(su_th_'-), SOUTH'MOST, most southern, farthest towards the south.--_n._
SOUTHERNER (su_th_'-), an inhabitant of the south, esp. of the Southern
States of America.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ SOUTHERNISE (su_th_'-), to render
southern in qualities or character, or to become such.--_n._ SOUTHERNISM
(su_th_'-), a form of expression peculiar to the south, esp. the Southern
States of America.--_adv._ SOUTHERNLY (su_th_'-), towards the south.--_ns._
SOUTHERNWOOD (su_th_'-), an aromatic plant of southern Europe, closely
allied to wormwood; SOUTHING (sow_th_'-), tendency or motion to the south:
the time at which the moon passes the meridian; SOUTH'LAND, the south (also
_adj._).--_adv._ SOUTH'LY.--_n._ SOUTH'NESS, tendency of a magnetic needle
to point toward the south.--_adj._ SOUTHRON (su_th_'-), southern, esp.
English.--_n._ a native or inhabitant of a southern country or district: an
Englishman.--_advs._ SOUTH'WARD (also su_th_'ard), toward the south (also
_n._ and _adj._); SOUTH'WARDLY (also _adj._); SOUTH'WARDS.--_n._
SOUTH'-WEST', the direction equally distant from the south and
west--_adjs._ SOUTH'-WEST', SOUTH'-WEST'ERLY, SOUTH'-WEST'ERN, pertaining
to, proceeding from, or lying in the direction of the south-west.--_n._
SOUTH'-WEST'ER, a storm or gale from the south-west: a painted canvas hat
with a broad flap behind for the neck (often SOU'WEST'ER).--SOUTH SEA, the
Pacific Ocean. [A.S. _súth_; Ger. _süd_, Ice. _sudhr_.]
SOUTHCOTTIAN, sowth'kot-i-an, _n._ a follower of Joanna _Southcott_
(1750-1814), whose dropsy was taken by many, and perhaps herself, for the
gestation of a second Shiloh or Prince of Peace.
SOUTHDOWN, sowth'down, _adj._ pertaining to the _South Downs_ in Hampshire,
the famous breed of sheep so named, or their mutton.--_n._ this breed of
sheep, a sheep of the same, or its mutton.
SOUTHSAY, SOUTHSAYER, s[=oo]th'-. Same as SOOTHSAY, &c.
SOUVENIR, s[=oo]-ve-n[=e]r', _n._ a remembrancer, a keepsake.--_n._
SOUV'ENANCE (_Spens._), remembrance, memory. [Fr.,--L. _subven[=i]re_, to
come up, to come to mind--_sub_, under, _ven[=i]re_, to come.]
SOVEREIGN, suv'r[=a]n, or sov'e-r[=a]n, _adj._ supreme: possessing supreme
power or dominion: superior to all others: utmost: most
efficacious--(_Milt._) SOV'RAN.--_n._ a supreme ruler: a monarch: a gold
coin=20s.--_v.t._ to rule over as a sovereign.--_adj._ SOV'EREIGNEST
(_Shak._), most effectual.--_adv._ SOV'EREIGNLY, in a sovereign manner: in
the highest degree: supremely.--_n._ SOV'EREIGNTY, supreme power: dominion.
[O. Fr. _sovrain_--Low L. _superanus_--L. _super_, _supra_, above.]
SOW, sow, _n._ a female pig: the metal solidified in parallel grooves or
_pigs_, the iron of these being _pig-iron_: a movable shed for protecting
the men using a battering-ram.--_ns._ SOW'BACK, a low ridge of sand or
gravel; SOW'-BREAD, a genus of plants, allied to the primrose, natives of
the south of Europe, the tubers of which are eaten by swine; SOW'-BUG, an
air-breathing oniscoid isopod, a pill-bug, slater.--_adj._ SOW'-DRUNK
(_prov._), beastly drunk.--_ns._ SOW'-GELD'ER, one who spays sows;
SOW'-THIS'TLE, a genus of plants, the tender tops of which are used in the
north of Europe as greens. [A.S. _sú_, _sugu_; Ger. _sau_, Ice. _sýr_; L.
_sus_, Gr. _hys_.]
SOW, s[=o], _v.t._ to scatter seed that it may grow: to plant by strewing:
to scatter seed over: to spread, disseminate.--_v.i._ to scatter seed for
growth:--_pa.p._ sown and sowed.--_ns._ SOW'ER; SOW'ING; SOW'ING-MACHINE',
a hand or horse-power seed-planting machine: a broadcast sower. [A.S.
_sáwan_; Ger. _säen_, Ice. _sá_, Goth. _saian_.]
SOWAR, s[=o]-är', _n._ a native horse-soldier in the British Indian army, a
mounted attendant. [Hind. _saw[=a]r_, a horseman.]
SOWENS, s[=o]'enz, _n.pl._ (_Scot._) a dish made from the farina remaining
among the husks of oats, flummery.--Also SOW'ANS.
SOWL, SOWLE, sowl, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to pull by the ears.
SOWND, sownd, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to wield.
SOWND, sownd, _n._ (_Spens._)=swound, the same as SWOON.
SOWNE, sown, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as SOUND.
SOWSE, sows, _v._ and _n._ (_Spens._). Same as _Souse_, to strike.
SOWTH, sowth, _v.i._ and _v.t._ (_Scot._) to whistle softly, to whistle
over a tune.
SOY, soi, _n._ a thick and piquant sauce made from the seeds of the soy
bean or pea, a native of China, Japan, and the Moluccas.--Also SOO'JA.
[Jap. _si-yan_, Chin. _shi-yu_.]
SOYLE, soil, _n._ (_Spens._) prey.
SOZZLE, soz'l, _v.t._ to make wet or muddy.--_n._ disorder.--_adj._
SOZZ'LY, sloppy.
SPA, spaw, _n._ a place where there is a mineral spring of water. [From
_Spa_ in Belgium.]
SPACE, sp[=a]s, _n._ extension as distinct from material substances: room:
largeness: distance between objects: interval between lines or words in
books: quantity of time: distance between two points of time: opportunity,
leisure: a short time: interval.--_v.t._ to make or arrange intervals
between.--_ns._ SP[=A]'CER, one who, or that which, spaces: an instrument
by which to reverse a telegraphic current, esp. in a marine cable, for
increasing the speed of transmission: a space-bar; SPACE'-WRIT'ER, in
journalism, one paid for his articles according to the space they occupy
when printed; SP[=A]'CING, the act of dividing into spaces, placing at
suitable intervals, as in printing, &c.: the space thus made: spaces
collectively.--_adj._ SP[=A]'CIOUS, having large space: large in extent:
roomy: wide.--_adv._ SP[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_n._ SP[=A]'CIOUSNESS. [Fr.
_espace_--L. _spatium_; Gr. _sp[=a]n_.]
SPACIAL=_Spatial_ (q.v.).
SPADASSIN, spad'a-sin, _n._ a swordsman, a bravo. [Fr.,--It.
_spadaccino_--_spada_, a sword.]
SPADE, sp[=a]d, _n._ a broad blade of iron with a handle, used for digging:
a playing-card of one of the two black suits, shaped like a heart with a
triangular handle.--_v.t._ to dig with a spade.--_ns._ SPADE'-BONE, the
scapula; SPADE'-FOOT, a scaphiopod or spade-footed toad; SPADE'FUL, as much
as a spade will hold; SPADE'-GUIN'EA, a guinea coined 1787-99, so called
from the shield on the reverse side having the shape of the spade in
playing-cards.--CALL A SPADE A SPADE, to call things by their plain names,
without softening: to speak out plainly. [A.S. _spadu_, _spædu_; L.
_spatha_--Gr. _spath[=e]_, any broad blade.]
SPADE, sp[=a]d, _n._ a eunuch: a gelding.--Also SP[=A]'DO. [Gr.
_spad[=o]n_, a eunuch.]
SPADILLE, spa-dil', _n._ the ace of spades in the games of ombre and
quadrille.--Also SPADIL'IO. [Fr.,--Sp. _espadilla_, dim. of _espada_, the
ace of spades.]
SPADIX, sp[=a]'diks, _n._ (_bot._) a fleshy spike of flowers, usually
covered by a leaf called a spathe:--_pl._ SP[=A]D[=I]'CES.--_adjs._
SP[=A]DIC'EOUS, SPAD'ICOSE. [Gr.]
SPADONE, spa-d[=o]'n[=e], _n._ a long heavy sword for both hands.--Also
SPADROON'. [It.]
SPAE, sp[=a], _v.i._ and _v.t._ (_Scot._) to foretell, divine--also
SPAY.--_ns._ SPAE'MAN; SP[=A]'ER; SPAE'WIFE, [Scand., Ice. _spá_; Ger.
_spähen_, to spy.]
SPAGHETTI, spa-get'ti, _n._ an Italian cord-like paste intermediate in size
between macaroni and vermicelli. [It., _pl._ of _spaghetto_, dim. of
_spago_, a cord.]
SPAGIRIC, -AL, spa-jir'ik, -al, _adj._ chemical, according to the chemistry
of Paracelsus and his followers.--_n._ SPAGIR'IST, a follower of
Paracelsus. [Gr. _span_, to tear, _ageirein_, to bring together.]
SPAHI, spä'h[=e], _n._ one of the irregular cavalry of the Turkish armies
before the reorganisation of 1836.--Also SPA'HEE. [_Sepoy_.]
SPAIRGE, sp[=a]rj, _v.t._ (_Scot._) a form of _sparge_, to sprinkle.
SPAKE, sp[=a]k, old _pa.t._ of _speak_.
SPALAX, sp[=a]'laks, _n._ the typical genus of mole-rats. [Gr., _spalax_,
_sphalax_, a mole.]
SPALE, sp[=a]l, _n._ (_Scot._) a splinter of wood--also SPAIL: in
shipbuilding, a temporary brace, cross-band--also SP[=A]'LING.
SPALL, spawl, _n._ (_Spens._) the shoulder.--Also SPALD. [O. Fr.
_espaule_--L. _spatula_, a broad blade.]
SPALL, spawl, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to split, splinter, to chip.--_n._ a chip
or splinter thrown off.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ SPALT, to split off
splinters.--_adj._ brittle.
SPALPEEN, spal'p[=e]n, _n._ a rascal, a mischievous fellow. [Ir.
_spailp[=i]n_.]
SPALT, spalt, _n._ a scaly whitish mineral, used as a flux for metals.
[Ger. _spalt-stein_--_spalten_, to split.]
SPAN, span, _n._ the space from the end of the thumb to the end of the
little-finger when the fingers are extended: nine inches: the spread of an
arch between its abutments: a space of time, the full duration of anything:
extent of stretch, as the spread of a man's arms, in measuring trees,
&c.--_v.t._ to measure by spans: to measure: to embrace:--_pr.p._
span'ning; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ spanned.--_ns._ SPAN'-COUN'TER,
SPAN'-FAR'THING, a game played by one throwing a coin or counter on the
ground, and another trying to throw his so near it that he can span the
distance between the two.--_adjs._ SPAN'LESS, that cannot be spanned or
measured; SPAN'-LONG, of the length of a span.--_n._ SPAN'NER, one who
spans: an iron tool or lever used to tighten the nuts of screws. [A.S.
_span_--_spannan_; Ger. _spanne_--_spannen_.]
SPAN, span, _n._ a yoke of horses or oxen. [Borrowed from Dut.; from the
same root as above word.]
SPAN, span, _adv._ wholly--in SPAN'-NEW, SPICK'-AND-SPAN.
SPANCEL, span'sel, _n._ a tether for a cow's legs.--_v.t._ to fasten a cow
with such.--_adj._ SPAN'CELED (_her_.), hobbled. [Old Dut. _spansel_.]
[Illustration]
SPANDREL, span'drel, _n._ the irregular triangular space between the curve
of an arch and the enclosing right angle.--Also SPAN'DRIL. [Ety. dub.;
prob. conn. with _span_.]
SPANDY, span'di, _adv._ Same as SPAN (3).
SPANE, SPEAN, sp[=a]n, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to wean. [A.S. _spanan_; Ger.
_spänen_.]
SPANEMIA, spa-n[=e]'mi-a, _n._ poverty of blood--also SPANÆ'MIA.--_adjs._
SPAN[=E]'MIC, SPANÆ'MIC. [Gr. _spanos_, scarce, _haima_, blood.]
SPANG, spang, _n._ a spangle, shining ornament.
SPANG, spang, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to leap.--_v.t._ to set in violent motion,
to hurl.--_n._ a springing up: a sudden blow.
SPANGLE, spang'gl, _n._ a small, thin plate or boss of shining metal:
anything sparkling and brilliant, like a spangle.--_v.t._ to adorn with
spangles.--_v.i._ to glitter.--_adjs._ SPANG'LED, SPANG'LY.--_n._
SPANG'LER. [A.S. _spange_; Ger. _spange_, Ice. _spöng_.]
SPANGOLITE, spang'g[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a rare mineral found in hexagonal
green crystals along with cuprite in Arizona. [Norman _Spang_ of
Pittsburg.]
SPANIARD, span'yard, _n._ a native of _Spain_.
SPANIEL, span'yel, _n._ a kind of dog, usually liver-and-white coloured, or
black-and-white, with large pendent ears.--_adj._ (_Shak._) like a spaniel,
fawning, mean.--_n._ SPAN'IELSHIP, obsequious attention.--BLENHEIM SPANIEL,
red-and-white, established by the Duke of Marlborough; CLUMBER SPANIEL,
handsome lemon-and-white, short in leg, long in body, with a coat like a
setter, and massive head with large, drooping ears; KING CHARLES SPANIEL,
black-and-tan, first brought into notice by Charles II.; SUSSEX SPANIEL,
like the Clumber, golden-liver or brown. [O. Fr. _espagneul_ (Fr.
_épagneul_)--Sp. _Español_, Spanish.]
SPANISH, span'ish, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Spain_.--_n._ the language
of Spain.--_n._ SPAN'IARD, a native or citizen of Spain.--SPANISH BAYONET,
any one of several species of yucca with straight sword-shaped leaves;
SPANISH BROOM, a hardy deciduous Mediterranean shrub with showy yellow
fragrant flowers; SPANISH CHALK, a variety of talc; SPANISH CRESS, a
species of peppergrass; SPANISH FLY, a blister-beetle, a cantharid
possessing a strong blistering principle, cantharidine: a preparation of
cantharides used as a vesicant; SPANISH FOWL, a breed of the domestic
hen--also _White-faced black Spanish_; SPANISH GRASS, esparto; SPANISH
JUICE, extract of liquorice-root; SPANISH MAIN, a name given to the north
coast of South America from the Orinoco to Darien, and to the shores of the
former Central American provinces of Spain contiguous to the Caribbean
Sea--the name is often popularly applied to the Caribbean Sea itself:
SPANISH SHEEP, a merino; SPANISH SOAP, Castile soap.--WALK SPANISH, to be
compelled to walk on tiptoe through being lifted up by the collar and the
seat of the trousers--hence to proceed or act under compulsion.
SPANK, spangk, _v.i._ to move with speed or spirit.--_n._ SPANK'ER, one who
walks with long strides: a fast-going horse: any person or thing
particularly striking, a dashing person.--_adj._ SPANK'ING, spirited, going
freely: striking, beyond expectation, very large. [Cf. Dan. _spanke_, to
strut.]
SPANK, spangk, _v.i._ to strike with the flat of the hand, to slap.--_n._ a
loud slap, esp. on the backside.
SPANKER, spang'k[.e]r, _n._ the after-sail of a ship or barque, so called
from its flapping in the breeze.
SPAN-ROOF, span'-r[=oo]f, _n._ a roof having two equal inclined planes or
sides.
SPAR, spär, _n._ a rafter: a general term for masts, yards, booms, and
gaffs, &c.--_n._ SPAR'-DECK, the upper deck of a vessel. [The A.S.
_spearra_ is assumed from the verb _sparrian_, to fasten with a bar; cf.
Ice. _sparri_, Dut. _spar_.]
SPAR, spär, _n._ a term applied by miners to any bright crystalline
mineral, and adopted by mineralogists in the names of a number of
minerals--_calcareous spar_, _fluor spar_, _Iceland spar_, &c.--_adj._
SPAR'RY, resembling spar, spathic. [A.S. _spær_(_-stán_), gypsum; cf. Ger.
_spar_(_-kalk_).]
SPAR, spär, _v.i._ to box with the hands: to fight with showy action: to
dispute:--_pr.p._ spar'ring; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ sparred.--_n._ a
preliminary sparring, boxing-match, or cock-fight.--_ns._ SPAR'RER;
SPAR'RING. [O. Fr. _esparer_ (Fr. _éparer_), to kick out, most prob. Teut.;
Low Ger. _sparre_, a struggling.]
SPARABLE, spar'a-bl, _n._ a small nail used by shoemakers.--Also
SPER'RABLE. [_Sparrow-bill_.]