allotment.' The name was given to a slip of land, of a few acres
in extent, at the foot of the hill of Assisi, and on which stood a
little chapel; both belonged to a community of Benedictines, who
afterwards bestowed the land and the chapel on the brotherhood of
S. Francis. This chapel was then familiarly known as the 'Capella
della Porzioncula.' Whether the title by which it has since become
famous as the S. Maria-degli-Angeli belonged to it originally, or
because the angels were heard singing around and above it at the
time of the birth of St. Francis, does not seem clear. At all
events this chapel became early sanctified as the scene of the
ecstasies and visions of the saint; here also S. Clara made her
profession. Particular indulgences were granted to those who
visited it for confession and repentance on the fifth of August
and it became a celebrated place of pilgrimage in the fourteenth
century. Mr. Ford tells us, that in Spain the term _Porzioncula_
is applied generally to distinguish the chapel or sanctuary
dedicated to St. Francis within the Franciscan churches. The
original chapel of the Porzioncula now stands in the centre of the
magnificent church which has been erected over it."
In the "Legende" of St. Anthony of Padua, chap. vii. fol. ccxx., we have
that saint's "sermo ad pisces" in the city of Rimini, _die vol ketters
was_, and the conversion therefrom of the said _ketters_ or heretics.
The "Prologhe" to the narrative "van die vÿf Martelaren," fol.
clxxviii., commences, "Ego quasi Vitis fructificavi suavitatem odoris
alo cen[=e] wÿngaert," &c.: here we learn why the work is called _Den
Wÿngaert_, or _The Vine_.
In the "tractat v[=a] S. F. orden e[=n] reghele," at fol. cccxxix., we
have an account of Brother Agnellus of Pisa his mission to England in
1224.
In the "Getal der broeder[=e] e[=n] prouintien," at fol. cccci., we
learn that at that time (1518) England had 7 convents and 200 friars;
Ireland 15 convents and 400 friars; and Scotland 8 convents and 120
friars.
The "Kalendier" which follows this "Getal" is printed in red and black.
"Den aflaet v[=a] rom[=e]" is the last tract in the book. Here is the
finis:
"¶ Hier eyndt bÿ de gratie gods dat derde boec v[=a] desen
wÿngaert die mit groten arbeyt wt veel duct[=e]telÿcke scrift[=e]
wten latÿne vergadert e[=n] nu eerst translateert is, ter eer[=e]
des heylighe confessors Sinte Franciscus e[=n] ten profÿte v[=a]
allen gueden kenten menschen.
"¶ Hier na volcht di tafele."
After the "tafel" or index occur some verses containing seventy-three
lines, eulogistic of the saint.
I forgot to mention that in the _Oude Legende_ some of St. Francis's
poems are given, translated from the Italian originals: at fol. cxxii.
is given the "Canticum solis," part of which Sir James Stephen quotes in
his sketch of the saint's life.
I have Query to make, but must defer it to another time, as I have
already taken up enough of your paper.
JARLTZBERG.
"JUSJURANDUM PER CANEM"
(Vol. iii., p. 192.).--
"SEDEM ANIMÆ IN DIGITIS PONUNT"
(Vol. ii., p. 464.).--
"FIAT JUSTITIA, RUAT COELUM"
(Vol. ii., p. 494.).
An extraordinary mode of swearing, akin to the oaths already noticed,
is recorded by Ysbrant Ides in his _Travels from Moscow to China_
(London, 1705, and reprinted in the second volume of Harris's
Collection):--
"Two Tunguzian hostages falling out, one accused the other before
the Waywode (or Viceroy) of having conjured his deceased brother
to death. The Waywode asked the accuser if he would, according to
the Tunguzian custom, put the accused to his oath? To this he
answered in the affirmative; after which the accused took a _live
dog_, laid him on the ground, and with a knife stuck him into the
body, just under his left foot, and immediately clapped his mouth
to the wound, and sucked out the dog's blood as long as he could
come at it; after which he lift him up, laid him on his shoulders,
and clapped his mouth again to the wound in order to suck out the
remaining blood. An excellent drink indeed! And this is the
greatest oath and most solemn confirmation of the Truth amongst
them; so that on credit of this the accused was set free, and the
accuser punished for his false accusation."
The dog, designed, as Cicero observes, for man's use, was doubtless
selected for his sagacity and faithfulness; and by Loccenius, in his
_Leges W. Gothicæ_, "tria canum capita" are stated to have been
"Hunnorum gentis insignia," the progenitors of the Tunguzians, p. 107.
In Northern Europe "sanguine Deos placari creditum; canibus etiam cum
hominibus permistè in luco suspensis." (_Ibid._ p. 105.)
Among the northern nations, not only their testimoniary oaths were thus
sanctioned by blood, but their confederative also, in which their
fraternisation was symbolised by reciprocal transfusion of blood.
"Dear as the blood that warms my heart."
Gray's _Bard_.
It was the custom of the Scythians "non dextras tantum implicare, sed
pollices mutuo vincire, nodoque perstringere; mox sanguine in artus
extremos se effundente levi ritu _cruorem elicere_, atque invicem
lambere." (Hanseanius _De Jurejurando Verterum_.) Quintus Curtius
remarks that among the Hindoos (between whom and the Scythians Sir W.
Jones and other ethnographers have observed various traces of affinity)
the joining of right hands was their usual mode of salutation; "dextra
fidei sedes."
En passant, I have elsewhere seen the opinion quoted by a correspondent
(Vol. ii., p. 464), "Sedem animæ in digitis ponunt," attributed to the
Hindoos. Query, Has not the profession of [Greek: thelêtai] (see Dr.
Maitland on _Mesmerism_) prevailed among them? Their propensity to
conjuring is so proverbial, that, according to a writer in the _Asiatic
Researches_, that term is derived from one of their tribes. See also on
their witchcrafts, Acosta's _East and West Indies_, chap. xxvi.
Before I dismiss the subject of swearing, permit me to observe what
appears to me to be the origin of the apothegm "Fiat Justitia, ruat
Coelum" (Vol. ii., p. 494.), which, with a slight change, was afterwards
adopted by Ferdinand, emperor of Austria.
May it not have originated in an oath similar to that of Chaganus, king
of the Huns, recorded by Otrokoesi, in his _Historiæ Hungaricæ_?--
"Abarico ritu jusjurandum ad hunc modum præstitit. Ense edueto et
in altum sublato sibi et Abaricorum genti dira imprecatus _si quid
mali_, &c. _Coelum_ ex alto ipsis et Deus Ignis qui in coelo est,
_irrueret_."
More sententiously he may have said: "Fiat [a me] justitia, [in me] ruat
Coelum, [si non]."
On the inviolability of oaths among the heathens, in addition to the
works referred to in Vol. iii., p. 192., see _Gentleman's Magazine_,
vol. i. p. 415.; on the singular notion, in the fourteenth century, of
the harmlessness of colloquial and affirmative oaths, see _Archæologia_,
vol. xx. p. 43.; and on the opposition made by the Lollards to this
unchristian practice, Purvey's _Remonstrance against the Corruptions of
the Church of Rome_, edited by the Rev. J. Forshall, London, 1851.
T. J.
HUGH HOLLAND AND HIS WORKS.
(Vol. iii. p. 427.; Vol. iv., p. 62.)
The querist on Hugh Holland and his works, must be content with a reply
of unvarnished brevity.
1. "Where are these lines taken from, and what do they mean?"--The lines
are from the _Cypress garland_ of Hugh Holland, 1625. 4to. The meaning
is obvious. I assume that Holland may be trusted as to his own age, to
which Wood gives no clue.
2. "Who says he did not quit Westminster school till 1589?"--Wood says
he was bred in Westminster school, and "elected into Trinity coll. in
Cambridge, an. 1589." Welch, from official documents, gives the same
date. Wood nowhere states that he "matriculated at Baliol in 1582."
3. "My words are, '_about_ 1590 he succeeded to a fellowship.'"--Wood
says he was elected to Trinity college in 1589, "of which he was
_afterwards_ fellow." It may have been some years afterwards.
4. "Why does not MR. CORNEY give your readers his interpretation of the
mysterious H. H.?"--He reserved it for another occasion, but now
consents to satisfy the curiosity of the querist and others.
In 1632 Henry Holland dedicated to Charles I. an English version of the
_Cyrvpædia_ of Xenophon, made by his father Philemon Holland. In the
dedication, which is signed at length, he says:
"Also, when any unworthy selfe (anno 1620) offred mine owne
collections, entituled _Herwologia Anglica_, unto his highnesse
[James I.], he most graciously received it."
In 1614 appeared, under the initials "H. H.," the _Monvmenta
sepvlchraria sancti Pavli_, and in the address _ad lectorem_ we read:
"Et non solùm nomine bonus appellatus est [sc. Alex. Nowel], sed
etiam et in vita sua bonitas apparuit, et in morte bona sua opera
illum sunt sequuta, et uberiùs et fusiùs in _Effigiebus_ nostris
et _vitis illustrium Anglorum_ cum de Coleto tum de illo apparet:
(quæ nunc transmarino habitu vestiendæ sunt) quare hic illum
pluribus prosequi verbis non est opus."
Here is unanswerable evidence that Henry Holland was the compiler of
both works. In the catalogue of the Grenville collection of books, now
in the British Museum, both works are ascribed to Hugh Holland.
5. "The edition of 1614 was certainly the first, and that of 1633
_certainly_ the second."--The querist adopts my correction of his
threefold error, and calls it an _answer_!
6. "I shall therefore leave the shade of Cole and MR. BOLTON CORNEY to
settle the question as to whether any such work exists."--The querist
did not perceive that the _Roxana of Alexander_ was an error for the
_Roxana of Alabaster_--so he endeavours to draw off the attention of his
readers from this proof of critical obtuseness by a common-place
witticism.
I must describe the facile process by which our querist has obtained his
apparent triumph. Wood, at the close of his article on Hugh Holland the
poet, which is chiefly derived from the _Worthies_ of Fuller, mentions
one Hugh Holland as admitted B.A. in 1570, and another Hugh Holland as
matriculated at Baliol college in 1582, aged twenty-four; with others of
that surname. He adds, "but whether any of them were authors, I cannot
yet tell, or _whether the last was the same with the poet_. Qu." Now,
with regard to the first and second articles, our querist omits the
sentence which proves the inapplicability of his quotations! and with
regard to the third article, he omits the word _afterwards_, which forms
the gist of the argument.
BOLTON CORNEY.
LADY FLORA HASTINGS' BEQUEST.
(Vol. iv., p. 44.)
"Assertion is not proof," and it surely does require _proof_ ere we
consent to brand a writer of unimpeached character with the charge of "a
shameless, heartless act of literary piracy."
It rests with ERZA to bring forward his or her _proof_ that the lines in
dispute were written by Lady Flora. ERZA asserted that they were "never
before printed." I have enabled him or her to satisfy himself or herself
that they were in print _nearly_ twelve years ago. I am disposed to
believe ERZA equally mistaken in the assertion as to the authorship of
the lines. If this prove so, the imputation cast upon Miss Barber will
revert upon her accuser, and will demand the most ample apology.
I do not know Miss Barber; her writings I have long admired; and having
been the means of drawing down upon her such an accusation, I am not
disposed to let the inquiry terminate here. Nor can I believe the Editor
of "NOTES AND QUERIES" will desire that either a literary error or a
groundless slander should descend to posterity in his pages.
L. H. K.
ERZA cannot entertain a higher respect than I do for the memory of Lady
Flora Hastings; but I am sure no member of her family would countenance
any attempt to exalt her reputation at the expense of another's; and I
fear ERZA, however unintentionally, has fallen into this error. The
stanzas she attributed to Lady Flora, as L. H. K. stated (Vol. iii., p.
522.), were published as Miss M. A. S. Barber's in _The Christian Lady's
Magazine_ for September, 1839, only two months after Lady Flora's death.
In the preceding number, as L. H. K. also correctly stated, is a brief
memoir of Lady Flora, in which it is said, that shortly before her death
she "delivered to her fond brother a little Bible, the gift of her
mother, requesting him to restore it to that beloved parent," &c. ERZA
may be unacquainted with that publication, but I can assure her that
Lady Flora's brother, my esteemed and lamented patron, was not; for
shortly after the number appeared, I found it lying on his table, in his
own private room at Donington Park, and, while waiting to see him,
partly read it there myself for the first time. I know not whether he
ever read the lines in question in the succeeding number, but I know the
_Magazine_ was regularly taken by some of Lady Flora's intimate friends,
and I cannot suppose they would allow any poem of hers to pass unnoticed
for twelve years, with the signature of Miss Barber attached to it.
Indeed the stanzas bear internal evidence of being written after Lady
Flora's death, and founded on the account given by _Charlotte Elizabeth_
in the preceding number. If, however, ERZA still persists in attributing
them to Lady Flora Hastings, she is in duty bound to give her authority,
and not bring such a heavy accusation against Miss Barber on the bare
assertion of an anonymous correspondent. If Miss Barber really composed
the stanzas, as I believe she did, she was doubtless actuated with a
desire to honour the memory and character of Lady Flora; and in such
case nothing could be more cruel and unjust than the conduct imputed to
her by ERZA. Unfortunately I do not know Miss Barber's address, or
whether she is still living; but if any of your readers do, I hope they
will name this case to her, or her friends, that her reputation may be
cleared from the imputation thus rashly cast on it. If the case cannot
thus be satisfactorily settled, I will obtain the desired information
from another quarter; but I hope ERZA will also offer the assistance in
her power towards this desirable object; and to set the example of
candour and openness, I will subscribe my real name.
W. HASTINGS KELKE.
Drayton Beauchamp.
Replies to Minor Queries.
_Coke and Cowper_ (Vol. iv., p. 24.).--In reply to one of your
correspondents, who inquires as to the correct pronunciation of the name
of the poet _Cowper_, I may mention, that some years ago, being on a
visit in the neighbourhood of Weston Underwood, I made particular
inquiries on this point in the village, and found that _there_ the poet
had always been known as Mr. C_oo_per. The name of the noble family to
which he was related will be the best criterion.
By the way, was there not sometime since a proposal for erecting by
subscription a worthy monument to a poet whose memory every Christian
must revere? In whose hands was this project, and with whom does its
execution rest?
THOS. MCCALMONT.
Highfield, near Southampton, July 22. 1851.
In my humble opinion, Coke is the old English form of writing _cook_,
from A.-Sax. "cóc." See Chaucer's _Coke's Tale_, and _Cock Lorrell's
Bote_, where we read "Drouers, Cokes, and pulters;" and in this same
poem occurs the line, "Carpenters, _coupers_, and ioyners." See also
under Cooper in Pegge's _Anecdotes of the English Language_; the names,
as thus pronounced, are rendered significant.
Should it be asked how we ought to pronounce the name of another poet,
viz. Cowley, if Cowper be called Cooper, I answer that they are from
different roots: that Cowley is from _cow_, and _ley_, signifying cow
pasture, or place for cows; and that Cowper is only another form of
Cooper: not but that in the north they pronounce _cow_ as _coo_, and,
therefore, they would call him Cooley.
THOS. LAWRENCE.
Ashby de la Zouch.
_Dunmore Castle_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.).--JAMES C. will find the subject
of _Vitrified Forts_ treated at considerable length in the fourth volume
of the _Archæologia Scotica_, by S. Hibbert, Esq, M.D., Sir George
Mackenzie, Bart., of Coul, and George Anderson, Esq., F.R.S., pp.
160-195.
T. B. J.
Edinburgh, July 18. 1851.
_Gooseberry Fool_ (Vol. iii., p. 496.).--The editorial note is
sufficiently satisfactory; but what is the etymology of _gooseberry_?
Clearly "_gorse_berry," the fruit of the prickly shrub or bush.
JAMES CORNISH.
_Dryden and Oldham_ (Vol. iv. p. 36.).--Whether Oldham or Dryden had the
prior claim to the thought, is a very interesting question, but very
easily settled in favour of the much greater poet of the two, for--
"The dedication to the Earl of Orrery was addressed to him in the
year 1664, when _The Rival Ladies_, which was Dryden's second
play, was first printed."
Malone's _Dryden_, vol. i. part 2. p. 3.
Whereas the poem of Oldham states itself to have been written in July,
1678.
C. B.
_Theobald Anguilbert and Michael Scott_ (Vol. iii., p. 518.).--TYRO will
find a notice of him in Sir James Ware's _Writers of Ireland_, p. 92.,
Harris's edition.
FABER-FERRARIUS.
Dublin.
_Penn Family_ (Vol. iii., pp. 264. 409.).--In No. 75. of "NOTES AND
QUERIES" for April, 1851, inquiry is made "to whom William Penn, the
eldest son of William Penn (the founder), was married, and also to whom
the children of said son were married, as well as those of his daughter
Letitia (Mrs. Aubrey), if she had any?" William Penn (the son) married
Mary Jones, by whom he had three children, William, Springett (who died
without issue), and Gul. Maria. William had _two_ wives, Christiana
Forbes, and Ann Vaux. By Miss Forbes he had a daughter, married to Peter
Gaskell, Esq.; and by Miss Vaux a son, Springett, who died without
issue. Mrs. Aubrey (Letitia Penn) had no children.
EDW. D. INGRAHAM.
Philadelphia, July 4. 1851.
_Bummaree_ (Vol. iv., p. 39.).--I have no doubt that this word is
derived, as so many of our _market_ terms are, from the French, _bonne
marée_, fresh fish.
"Marée signifie toute sorte de poisson de mer qui n'est pas salé;
_bonne marée, marée fraîche, vendeur de marée._"
_Dict. de l'Acad. Franc._, voce.
C.
_Miss or Mistress_ (Vol. iv., p. 6.).--The indiscriminate use of "Miss"
and "Mrs." to unmarried ladies is often very perplexing. The "Mrs." was
not, as M. S. supposes, always accompanied by the Christian name for
unmarried ladies; and the custom lasted at least as late as the reign of
George II. Pope in his letters (about 1719) mentions "Mrs. Lepel" and
"Mrs. Bellenden," maids of honour. The examples are innumerable, but the
_latest_ instance I remember is the Duchess of Queensbury addressing
Patty Blount in 1756 as "Mrs. Blount;" though, no doubt, Patty was, by
_that time_, entitled to what is called _brevet_ rank.
C.
_Book Plates_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.; Vol. iv., p. 46.).--MR. PARSONS, I
observe, confines his inquiry to English book plates. On that point I
cannot at present offer him any information but I can to a certain
extent confirm his views with regard to the use of them in foreign
countries, having now before me the plate (a woodcut) of Erhardus à
Muckhenthall--probably in modern German, Erhardt von Muckenthal--dated
1634. It consists of his armorial bearings, surmounted by a helmet, &c.,
apparently indicative of nobility; but the tinctures not being
expressed, I cannot give the blazon. The charge on his shield seems to
be intended for a lamb salient.
F. S. Q.
In the Surrenden Collection there are several loose impressions of Sir
Edward Dering's book plate, bearing date 1630. It is a very elaborate
one, and of a size adapted only for a folio volume; one of them is now
before me, with the date most clearly and distinctly marked.
L. B. L.
Miscellaneous.
NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
Mr. Macaulay's vigorous sketch of the gallant cornet of horse who
resigned his commission for the toga, and, after figuring during his
life as statesman than whom "none has left a more stainless, and none a
more splendid name," was stricken down in full council while straining
his feeble voice to rouse the drooping spirit of his country, forms the
fifth part of _The Traveller's Library_: and it would be difficult to
find a volume of the same compass better calculated to furnish a couple
of hours' amusing and instructive reading than _William Pitt, Earl of
Chatham, by Thomas Babington Macaulay_.
Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell, on Tuesday next, an extensive
collection of Autograph Letters, chiefly of distinguished Actors,
Actresses, and Dramatic Writers, but including a very interesting series
of letters, documents, and papers relating to the Byron family, and,
what is of still more importance and historical value, the Autograph
Correspondence of Charles I. with Captain Titus, written during his
imprisonment in Carisbrook Castle, and treating of his proposed escape
from it, and also some letters of Charles II., addressed by him, after
the Restoration, to the same zealous adherent. On the following day
Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will be employed in the disposal of a very
select Collection of Autograph Letters and Historical Documents,
including Letters and Autographs of Queen Elizabeth, James I., King John
of France (Jehan le Bon), Richard Duke of York, Philip II. of Spain, and
many documents connected with the great Anglo-Norman Families, and the
Royal Houses of France and Normandy.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--W. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road)
Seventy-first Catalogue of English, Foreign, Classical, and
Miscellaneous Literature; Cole's (15. Great Turnstile) List No. XXXVI.
of very Cheap Books; G. Bumstead's (205. High Holborn) Catalogue Part
52. of Interesting and Curious Books.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
BUDDEN'S LIFE OF ARCHBISHOP MORTON, 1607.
THOMAS LYTE'S ANCIENT BALLADS AND SONGS. 12mo. 1827.
DODWELL (HENRY, M.A.), DISCOURSE PROVING FROM SCRIPTURES THAT THE SOUL
IS A PRINCIPLE NATURALLY MORTAL, &c.
REFLECTIONS ON MR. BURCHET'S MEMOIRS; or, Remarks on his Account of
Captain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Colonel Luke
Lillingston, 1704.
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. Vol. I. 1731.
NEW ENGLAND JUDGED, NOT BY MAN'S BUT BY THE SPIRIT OF THE LORD, &c. By
George Bishope. 1661. 4to. Wanted from p. 150. to the end.
REASON AND JUDGMENT, OR SPECIAL REMARQUES OF THE LIFE OF THE RENOWNED
DR. SANDERSON, LATE LORD BISHOP OF LINCOLN. 1663. Sm. 4to. Wanted from
p. 90. to the end.
TRISTAM SHANDY. 12mo. Tenth Edition. Wanted Vol. VII.
MALLAY, ESSAI SUR LES EGLISES ROMAINES ET BYZANTINES DU PUY DE DOME.
1 Vol. folio. 51 Plates.
AN ACCOUNT OF THE REMAINS OF THE WORSHIP OF PRIAPUS, to which is added a
Discourse thereon, as connected with the Mystic Theology of the
Ancients. London, 1786. 4to. By R. Payne Knight.
CH. THILLON'S (Professor of Halle) NOUVELLE COLLECTION DES APOCRYPHES,
AUGMENTÉ, &c. Leipsic, 1832.
COURS DE PHILOSOPHIE POSITIVE, par Auguste Compte. 6 Vols. 8vo.
SOCIAL STATICS, by Herbert Spencer. 8vo.
THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE. The back numbers.
THE DAPHNIS AND CHLOE OF LONGUS, translated by _Amyot_ (French).
ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA. The part of the 7th edition edited by Prof.
Napier, containing the Art. MORTALITY.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON HEALTH AND MORTALITY, by
Arthur S. Thomson, M.D. (A Prize Thesis.)
REPORT ON THE BENGAL MILITARY FUND, by F.G.P. Neison. Published in 1849.
THREE REPORTS, by Mr. Griffith Davies, Actuary to the _Guardian_ viz.:
Report on the Bombay Civil Fund, published 1836.
---- Bengal Medical Retiring Fund, published 1839.
---- Bengal Military Fund, published 1844.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE MORTALITY AND PHYSICAL MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN, by
Mr. Roberton, Surgeon, London, 1827.
[Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
_carriage free_ to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
Notices to Correspondents.