EÓ

eóred-geatwe, st. f. pl., _warlike adornments_: acc. pl., 2867.

eówan, w. v., _to show, to be seen_: pres. sg. III. ne gesacu ôhwær,

ecghete eóweð, _nowhere shows itself strife, sword-hate_, 1739. See eáwan,

ýwan.

eówer: 1) gen. pl. pers. pron., vestrum: eówer sum, _that one of you_

(namely, Beówulf), 248; fæhðe eówer leóde, _the enmity of the people of

you_ (of your people), 597; nis þät eówer sîð ... nefne mîn ânes, 2533.--2)

poss. pron., _your_, 251, 257, 294, etc.

F

ge-fandian, -fondian, w. v., _to try, to search for, to find out, to

experience_: w. gen. pret. part. þät häfde gumena sum goldes gefandod,

_that a man had discovered the gold_, 2302; þonne se ân hafað þurh deâðes

nýd dæda gefondad, _now the one_ (Herebeald) _has with death's pang

experienced the deeds_ (the unhappy bow-shot of Hæðcyn), 2455.

fara, w. m., _farer, traveller_: in comp. mere-fara.

faran, st. v., _to move from one place to another, to go, to wander_: inf.

tô hâm faran, _to go home_, 124; lêton on geflît faran fealwe mearas, _let

the fallow horses go in emulation_, 865; cwom faran flotherge on Fresna

land, _had come to Friesland with a fleet_, 2916; com leóda dugoðe on lâst

faran, _came to go upon the track of the heroes of his people_, i.e. to

follow them, 2946; gerund wæron äðelingas eft tô leódum fûse tô farenne,

_the nobles were ready to go again to their people_, 1806; pret. sg. gegnum

fôr [þâ] ofer myrcan môr, _there had_ (Grendel's mother) _gone away over

the dark fen_, 1405; sægenga fôr, _the seafarer_ (the ship) _drove along_,

1909; (wyrm) mid bæle fôr, (the dragon) _fled away with fire_, 2309; pret.

pl. þät ... scawan scîrhame tô scipe fôron, _that the visitors in

glittering attire betook themselves to the ship_, 1896.

gefaran, _to proceed, to act_: inf. hû se mânsceaða under færgripum gefaran

wolde, _how he would act in his sudden attacks_, 739.

ût faran, _to go out_: w. acc. lêt of breóstum ... word ût faran, _let

words go out of his breast, uttered words_, 2552.

faroð, st. m., _stream, flood of the sea_: dat. sg. tô brimes faroðe, 28;

äfter faroðe, _with the stream_, 580; ät faroðe, 1917.

faru, st. f., _way, passage, expedition_: in comp. âd-faru.

fâcen-stäf (elementum nequitiae), st. m., _wickedness, treachery, deceit_.

acc. pl. fâcen-stafas, 1019.

fâh, fâg, adj., _many-colored, variegated, of varying color_ (especially

said of the color of gold, of bronze, and of blood, in which the beams of

light are refracted): nom. sg. fâh (_covered with blood_), 420; blôde fâh,

935; âtertânum fâh (sc. îren) [This is the MS reading; emmended to

âterteárum in text--KTH], 1460; sadol searwum fâh (_saddle artistically

ornamented with gold_), 1039; sweord swâte fâh, 1287; brim blôde fâh, 1595;

wäldreóre fâg, 1632; (draca) fýrwylmum fâh (_because he spewed flame_),

2672; sweord fâh and fäted, 2702; blôde fâh, 2975; acc. sg. dreóre fâhne,

447; goldsele fättum fâhne, 717; on fâgne flôr treddode, _trod the shining

floor_ (of Heorot), 726; hrôf golde fâhne, _the roof shining with gold_,

928; nom. pl. eoforlîc ... fâh and fýr-beard, 305; acc. pl. þâ hilt since

fâge, 1616; dat. pl. fâgum sweordum, 586.--Comp. bân-, blôd-, brûn-,

dreór-, gold-, gryre-, searo-, sinc-, stân-, swât-, wäl-, wyrm-fâh.

fâh, fâg, fâ, adj.: 1) _hostile_: nom. sg. fâh feónd-scaða, 554; he wäs fâg

wið god (Grendel), 812; acc. sg. fâne (_the dragon_), 2656; gen. pl. fâra,

578, 1464.--2) _liable to pursuit, without peace, outlawed_: nom. sg. fâg,

1264; mâne fâh, _outlawed through crime_, 979; fyren-dædum fâg,

1002.--Comp. nearo-fâh.

fâmig-heals, adj., _with foaming neck_: nom. sg. flota fâmig-heals, 218;

(sægenga) fâmig-heals, 1910.

fäc, st. n., _period of time_: acc. sg. lytel fäc, _during a short time_,

2241.

fäder, st. m., _father_: nom. sg. fäder, 55, 262, 459, 2609; of God, 1610;

fäder alwalda, 316; acc. sg. fäder, 1356; dat. sg. fäder, 2430; gen. sg.

fäder, 21, 1480; of God, 188--Comp.: ær, eald-fäder.

fädera, w. m., _father's brother_ in comp. suhter-gefäderan.

fäder-äðelo, st. n. pl., _paternus principatus_ (?): dat. pl. fäder-äðelum,

912.

fäderen-mæg, st. m., _kinsman descended from the same father,

co-descendant_: dat. sg. fäderen-mæge, 1264.

fäðm, st. m.: 1) _the outspread, encircling arms_: instr. pl. feóndes

fäð[mum], 2129.--2) _embrace, encircling_: nom. sg. lîges fäðm, 782; acc.

sg. in fýres fäðm, 185.--3) _bosom, lap_: acc. sg. on foldan fäðm, 1394;

wið eorðan fäðm, 3050; dat. pl. tô fäder (God's) fäðmum, 188.--4) _power,

property_: acc. in Francna fäðm, 1211.--Cf. sîd-fäðmed, sîð-fäðme.

fäðmian, w. v., _to embrace, to take up into itself_: pres. subj. þät minne

lîchaman ... glêd fäðmie, 2653; inf. lêton flôd fäðmian frätwa hyrde, 3134.

ge-fäg, adj., _agreeable, desirable_ (Old Eng., fawe, _willingly_): comp.

ge-fägra, 916.

fägen, adj., _glad, joyous_: nom. pl. ferhðum fägne, _the glad at heart_,

1634.

fäger, adj., _beautiful, lovely_: nom. sg. fäger fold-bold, 774; fäger

foldan bearm, 1138; acc. sg. freoðoburh fägere, 522; nom. pl. þær him

fold-wegas fägere þûhton, 867.--Comp. un-fäger.

fägere, fägre, adv., _beautifully, well, becomingly, according to

etiquette_: fägere geþægon medoful manig, 1015; þâ wäs flet-sittendum

fägere gereorded, _becomingly the repast was served_, 1789; Higelâc ongan

... fägre fricgean, 1986; similarly, 2990.

fär, st. n., _craft, ship_: nom. sg., 33.

fäst, adj., _bound, fast_: nom. sg. bið se slæp tô fäst, 1743; acc. sg.

freóndscipe fästne, 2070; fäste frioðuwære, 1097.--The prep. on stands to

denote the where or wherein: wäs tô fäst on þâm (sc. on fæhðe and fyrene),

137; on ancre fäst, 303. Or, oftener, the dative: feónd-grâpum fäst,

_(held) fast in his antagonist's clutch_, 637; fýrbendum fäst, _fast in the

forged hinges_, 723; handa fäst, 1291, etc.; hygebendum fäst (beorn him

langað), _fast (shut) in the bonds of his bosom, the man longs for_ (i.e.

in secret), 1879.--Comp: âr-, blæd-, gin-, sôð-, tîr-, wîs-fäst.

fäste, adv., _fäst_ 554, 761, 774, 789, 1296.--Comp. fästor, 143.

be-fästan, w. v., _to give over_: inf. hêt Hildeburh hire selfre sunu

sweoloðe befästan, _to give over to the flames her own son_, 1116.

fästen, st. n., _fortified place, or place difficult of access_: acc. sg.

leóda fästen, _the fastness of the Geátas_ (with ref. to 2327), 2334;

fästen (Ongenþeów's castle or fort), 2951; fästen (Grendel's house in the

fen-sea), 104.

fäst-ræd, adj., _firmly resolved_: acc. sg. fäst-rædne geþôht, _firm

determination_, 611.

fät, st. m., _way, journey_: in comp. sîð-fät.

fät, st. n., _vessel; vase, cup_: acc. pl. fyrn-manna fatu, _the

(drinking-) vessels of men of old times_, 2762.--Comp.: bân-, drync-,

mâððum-, sinc-, wundor-fät.

fät, st. n. (?), _plate, sheet of metal_, especially _gold plate_ (Dietrich

Hpt. Ztschr. XI. 420): dat. pl. gold sele ... fättum fâhne, _shining with

gold plates_ (the walls and the inner part of the roof were partly covered

with gold), 717; sceal se hearda helm hyrsted golde fätum befeallen (sc.

wesan), _the gold ornaments shall fall away from it_, 2257.

fäted, fätt, part., _ornamented with gold beaten into plate-form_: gen. sg.

fättan goldes, 1094, 2247; instr. sg. fättan golde, 2103. Elsewhere,

_covered, ornamented with gold plate_: nom. sg. sweord ... fäted, 2702;

acc. sg. fäted wæge, 2254, 2283; acc. pl. fätte scyldas, 333; fätte beágas,

1751. [fæted, etc.]

fäted-hleór, adj., phaleratus gena (Dietr.): acc. pl. eahta mearas

fäted-hleóre (_eight horses with bridles covered with plates of gold_),

1037.

fät-gold, st. n., _gold in sheets_ or _plates_: acc. sg., 1922.

fæge, adj.: 1) _forfeited to death, allotted to death by fate_: nom. sg.

fæge, 1756, 2142, 2976; fæge and ge-flýmed, 847; fûs and fæge, 1242; acc.

sg. fægne flæsc-homan, 1569; dat. sg. fægum, 2078; gen. sg. fæges,

1528.--2) _dead_: dat. pl. ofer fægum (_over the warriors fallen in the

battle_), 3026.--Comp.: deáð-, un-fæge.

fæhð (_state of hostility_, see fâh), st. f., _hostile act, feud, battle_:

nom. sg. fæhð, 2404, 3062; acc. sg. fæhðe, 153, 459, 470, 596, 1334, etc.;

also of the unhappy bowshot of the Hrêðling, Hæðcyn, by which he killed his

brother, 2466; dat. sg. fore fæhðe and fyrene, 137; nalas for fæhðe mearn

(_did not recoil from the combat_), 1538; gen. sg, ne gefeah he þære fæhðe,

109; gen. pl. fæhða gemyndig, 2690.--Comp. wäl-fæhð.

fæhðo, st. f., same as above: nom. sg. sió fæhðo, 3000; acc. fæhðo, 2490.

fælsian, w. v., _to bring into a good condition, to cleanse_: inf. þät ic

môte ... Heorot fælsian (from the plague of Grendel), 432; pret. Hrôðgâres

... sele fælsode, 2353.

ge-fælsian, w. v., same as above: pret. part. häfde gefælsod ... sele

Hrôðgâres, 826; Heorot is gefælsod, 1177; wæron ýð-gebland eal gefælsod,

1621.

fæmne, w. f., _virgin, recens nupta_: dat. sg. fæmnan, 2035; gen. sg.

fæmnan, 2060, both times of Hrôðgâr's daughter Freáware.

fær, st. m., _sudden, unexpected attack_: nom. sg. (attack upon Hnäf's band

by Finn's), 1069, 2231.

fær-gripe, st. m., _sudden, treacherous gripe, attack_: nom. sg. fær-gripe

flôdes, 1517; dat. pl. under færgripum, 739.

fær-gryre, st. m., _fright caused by a sudden attack_: dat. pl. wið

fær-gryrum (against the inroads of Grendel into Heorot), 174.

færinga, adv., _suddenly, unexpectedly_, 1415, 1989.

fær-nîð, st. m., _hostility with sudden attacks_: gen. pl. hwät me Grendel

hafað ... færnîða gefremed, 476.

feðer-gearwe, st. f. pl. _(feather-equipment), the feathers of the shaft of

the arrow_: dat. (instr.) pl. sceft feðer-gearwum fûs, 3120.

fel, st. n., _skin, hide_: dat. pl. glôf ... gegyrwed dracan fellum, _made

of the skins of dragons_, 2089.

fela, I., adj. indecl., _much, many_: as subst.: acc. sg. fela fricgende,

2107. With worn placed before: hwät þu worn fela ... ymb Brecan spræce,

_how very much you spoke about Breca_, 530.--With gen. sg.: acc. sg. fela

fyrene, 810; wyrm-cynnes fela, 1426; worna fela sorge, 2004; tô fela micles

... Denigea leóde, _too much of the race of the Danes_, 695; uncûðes fela,

877; fela lâðes, 930; fela leófes and lâðes, 1061.--With gen. pl.: nom. sg.

fela mâdma, 36; fela þæra wera and wîfa, 993, etc.; acc. sg. fela missera,

153; fela fyrena, 164; ofer landa fela, 311; mâððum-sigla fela (falo, MS.),

2758; ne me swôr fela âða on unriht, _swore no false oaths_, 2739, etc.;

worn fela mâðma, 1784; worna fela gûða, 2543.--Comp. eal-fela.

II., adverbial, _very_, 1386, 2103, 2951.

fela-hrôr, adj., valde agitatus, _very active against the enemy, very

warlike_, 27.

fela-môdig, adj., _very courageous_: gen. pl. -môdigra, 1638, 1889.

fela-synnig, adj., _very criminal, very guilty_: acc. sg. fela-sinnigne

secg (in MS., on account of the alliteration, changed to simple sinnigne),

1380.

feólan, st. v., _to betake one's self into a place, to conceal one's self_:

pret. siððan inne fealh Grendles môdor (in Heorot), 1282; þær inne fealh

secg syn-bysig (in the dragon's cave), 2227.--_to fall into, undergo,

endure_: searonîðas fealh, 1201.

ät-feólan, w. dat., insistere, adhærere: pret. nô ic him þäs georne ätfealh

_(held him not fast enough_, 969.

fen, st. n., _fen, moor_: acc. sg. fen, 104; dat. sg. tô fenne, 1296;

fenne, 2010.

fen-freoðo, st. f., _refuge in the fen_: dat. sg. in fen-freoðo, 852.

feng, st. m., _gripe, embrace_: nom. sg. fýres feng, 1765; acc. sg. fâra

feng (of the hostile sea-monsters), 578.--Comp. inwit-feng.

fengel (probably _he who takes possession_, cf. tô fôn, 1756, and fôn tô

rîce, _to enter upon the government_), st. m., _lord, prince, king_: nom.

sg. wîsa fengel, 1401; snottra fengel, 1476, 2157; hringa fengel, 2346.

fen-ge-lâd, st. n., _fen-paths, fen with paths_: acc. pl. frêcne fengelâd

(_fens difficult of access_), 1360.

fen-hlið, st. n., _marshy precipice_: acc. pl. under fen-hleoðu, 821.

fen-hop, st. n., _refuge in the fen_: acc. pl. on fen-hopu, 765.

ferh, st. m. n., _life_; see feorh.

ferh, st. m., _hog, boar_, here of the boar-image on the helmet: nom. sg.,

305.

ferhð, st. m., _heart, soul_: dat. sg. on ferhðe, 755, 949, 1719; gehwylc

hiora his ferhðe treówde, þät ..., _each of them trusted to his_

(Hûnferð's) _heart, that_ ..., 1167; gen. sg. ferhðes fore-þanc, 1061; dat.

pl. (adverbial) ferhðum fägne, _happy at heart_, 1634; þät mon ... ferhðum

freóge, _that one ... heartily love_, 3178.--Comp.: collen-, sarig-,

swift-, wide-ferhð.

ferhð-frec, adj., _having good courage, bold, brave_: acc. sg. ferhð-frecan

Fin, 1147.

ferhð-genîðla, w. m., _mortal enemy_: acc. sg. ferhð-genîðlan, of the

drake, 2882.

ferian, w. v. w. acc., _to bear, to bring, to conduct_: pres. II. pl.

hwanon ferigeað fätte scyldas, 333; pret. pl. tô scypum feredon eal

ingesteald eorðcyninges, 1155; similarly, feredon, 1159, 3114.

ät-ferian, _to carry away, to bear off_: pret. ic þät hilt þanan feóndum

ätferede, 1669.

ge-ferian, _bear, to bring, to lead_: pres. subj. I. pl. þonne (we)

geferian freán ûserne, 3108; inf. geferian ... Grendles heáfod, 1639; pret.

þät hi ût geferedon dýre mâðmas, 3131; pret. part. her syndon geferede

feorran cumene ... Geáta leóde, _men of the Geátas, come from afar, have

been brought hither_ (by ship), 361.

ôð-ferian, _to tear away, to take away_: pret. sg. I. unsôfte þonan feorh

ôð-ferede, 2142.

of-ferian, _to carry off, to take away, to tear away_: pret. ôðer swylc ût

offerede, _took away another such_ (sc. fifteen), 1584.

fetel-hilt, st. n., _sword-hilt_, with the gold chains fastened to it: acc.

(sg. or pl.?), 1564. (See "Leitfaden f. nord. Altertumskunde," pp.45, 46.)

fetian, w. v., _to bring near, bring_: pres. subj. nâh hwâ ... fe[tige]

fäted wæge, _bring the gold-chased tankard_, 2254; pret. part. hraðe wäs tô

bûre Beówulf fetod, 1311.

ge-fetian, _to bring_: inf. hêt þâ eorla hleó in gefetian Hrêðles lâfe,

_caused Hrêðel's sword to be brought_, 2191.

â-fêdan, w. v., _to nourish, to bring up_: pret. part. þær he âfêded wäs,

694.

fêða (O.H.G. fendo), w. m.: 1) _foot-soldiers_: nom. pl. fêðan, 1328,

2545.--2) collective in sing., _band of foot-soldiers, troop of warriors_:

nom. fêða eal gesät, 1425; dat. on fêðan, 2498, 2920.--Comp. gum-fêða.

fêðe, st. n., _gait, going, pace_: dat. sg. wäs tô foremihtig feónd on

fêðe, _the enemy was too strong in going_ (i.e. could flee too fast), 971.

fêðe-cempa, w. m., _foot-soldier_: nom. sg., 1545, 2854.

fêðe-gäst, st. m., _guest coming on foot_: dat. pl. fêðe-gestum, 1977.

fêðe-lâst, st. m., _signs of going, footprint_: dat. pl. fêrdon forð þonon

fêðe-lâstum, _went forth from there upon their trail_, i.e. by the same way

that they had gone, 1633.

fêðe-wîg, st. m., _battle on foot_: gen. sg. nealles Hetware hrêmge þorfton

(sc. wesan) fêðe-wîges, 2365.

fêl (= feól), st. f. _file_: gen. pl. fêla lâfe, _what the files have left

behind_ (that is, the swords), 1033.

fêran, w. v., iter (A.S. fôr) facere, _to come, to go, to travel_: pres.

subj. II. pl. ær ge ... on land Dena furður fêran, _ere you go farther into

the land of the Danes_, 254; inf. fêran on freán wære (_to die_), 27;

gewiton him þâ fêran (_set out upon their way_), 301; mæl is me tô fêran,

316; fêran ... gang sceáwigan, _go, so as to see the footprints_, 1391;

wîde fêran, 2262; pret. fêrdon folctogan ... wundor sceáwian, _the princes

came to see the wonder_, 840; fêrdon forð, 1633.

ge-fêran: 1) adire, _to arrive at_: pres. subj. þonne eorl ende gefêre

lîfgesceafta, _reach the end of life_, 3064; pret. part. häfde æghwäðer

ende gefêred lænan lîfes, _frail life's end had both reached_, 2845.--2)

_to reach, to accomplish, to bring about_: pret. hafast þu gefêred þät ...,

1222, 1856.--3) _to behave one's self, to conduct one's self_: pret. frêcne

gefêrdon, _had shown themselves daring_, 1692.

feal, st. m., _fall_: in comp. wäl-feal.

feallan, st. v., _to fall, to fall headlong_: inf. feallan, 1071; pret. sg.

þät he on hrusan ne feól, _that it_ (the hall) _did not fall to the

ground_, 773; similarly, feóll on foldan, 2976; feóll on fêðan (dat. sg.),

_fell in the band_ (of his warriors), 2920; pret. pl. þonne walu feóllon,

1043.

be-feallen, pret. part. w. dat. or instr., _deprived of, robbed_: freóndum

befeallen, _robbed of friends_, 1127; sceal se hearda helm ... fätum

befeallen (sc. wesan), _be robbed of its gold mountings_ (the gold mounting

will fall away from it moldering), 2257.

ge-feallan, _to fall, to sink down_: pres. sg. III. þät se lîc-homa ...

fæge gefealleð, _that the body doomed to die sinks down_, 1756.--Also, with

the acc. of the place whither: pret. meregrund gefeóll, 2101; he eorðan

gefeóll, 2835.

fealu, adj., _fallow, dun-colored, tawny_: acc. sg. ofer fealone flôd

(_over the sea_), 1951; fealwe stræte (with reference to 320), 917; acc.

pl. lêton on geflît faran fealwe mearas, 866.--Comp. äppel-fealo.

feax, st. n., _hair, hair of the head_: dat. sg. wäs be feaxe on flet boren

Grendles heáfod, _was carried by the hair into the hall_, 1648; him ...

swât ... sprong forð under fexe, _the blood sprang out under the hair of

his head_, 2968.--Comp.: blonden-, gamol-, wunden-feax.

ge-feá, w. m., _joy_: acc. sg. þære fylle gefeán, _joy at the abundant

repast_, 562; ic þäs ealles mäg ... gefeán habban (_can rejoice at all

this_), 2741.

feá, adj., _few_ dat. pl. nemne feáum ânum, _except some few_, 1082; gen.

pl. feára sum, _as one of a few, with a few_, 1413; feára sumne, _one of a

few (some few)_, 3062. With gen. following: acc. pl. feá worda cwäð, _spoke

few words_, 2663, 2247.

feá-sceaft, adj., _miserable, unhappy, helpless_: nom. sg. syððan ærest

wearð feásceaft funden, 7; feásceaft guma (Grendel), 974; dat. sg.

feásceaftum men, 2286; Eádgilse ... feásceaftum, 2394; nom. pl. feásceafte

(the Geátas robbed of their king, Hygelâc), 2374.

feoh, feó, st. n., (_properly cattle, herd_) here, _possessions, property,

treasure_: instr. sg. ne wolde ... feorh-bealo feó þingian, _would not

allay life's evil for treasure_ (tribute), 156; similarly, þâ fæhðe feó

þingode, 470; ic þe þâ fæhðe feó leánige, 1381.

ge-feohan, ge-feón, st. v. w. gen. and instr., _to enjoy one's self, to

rejoice at something_: a) w. gen.: pret. sg. ne gefeah he þære fæhðe, 109;

hilde gefeh, beado-weorces, 2299; pl. fylle gefægon, _enjoyed themselves at

the bounteous repast_, 1015; þeódnes gefêgon, _rejoiced at_ (the return of)

_the ruler_, 1628.--b) w. instr.: niht-weorce gefeh, ellen-mærðum, 828;

secg weorce gefeh, 1570; sælâce gefeah, mägen-byrðenne þâra þe he him mid

häfde, _rejoiced at the gift of the sea, and at the great burden of that_

(Grendel's head and the sword-hilt) _which he had with him_, 1625.

feoh-gift, -gyft, st. f., _bestowing of gifts_ or _treasures_: gen. sg.

þære feoh-gyfte, 1026; dat. pl. ät feohgyftum, 1090; fromum feohgiftum,

_with rich gifts_, 21.

feoh-leás, adj., _that cannot be atoned for through gifts_: nom. sg. þät

wäs feoh-leás gefeoht, _a deed of arms that cannot be expiated_ (the

killing of his brother by Hæðcyn), 2442.

ge-feoht, st. n., _combat; warlike deed_: nom. sg. (the killing of his

brother by Hæðcyn), 2442; dat. sg. mêce þone þîn fader tô gefeohte bär,

_the sword which thy father bore to the combat_, 2049.

ge-feohtan, st. v., _to fight_: inf. w. acc. ne mehte ... wîg Hengeste wiht

gefeohtan (_could by no means offer Hengest battle_), 1084.

feohte, w. f., _combat_: acc. sg. feohtan, 576, 960. See were-fyhte.

feor, adj., _far, remote_: nom. sg. nis þät feor heonon, 1362; näs him feor

þanon tô gesêcanne sinces bryttan, 1922; acc. sg. feor eal (_all that is

far, past_), 1702.

feor, adv., _far, far away_: a) of space, 42, 109, 809, 1806, 1917; feor

and (oððe) neáh, _far and (or) near_, 1222, 2871; feorr, 2267.--b) of time:

ge feor hafað fæhðe gestæled (_has placed us under her enmity henceforth_),

1341.

Comparative, fyr, feorr, and feor: fyr and fästor, 143; fyr, 252; feorr,

1989; feor, 542.

feor-bûend, pt., _dwelling far away_: nom. pl. ge feor-bûend, 254.

feor-cýð, st. f., _home of those living far away, distant land_: nom, pl.

feor-cýððe beóð sêlran gesôhte þäm þe him selfa deáh, _foreign lands are

better sought by him who trusts to his own ability_, 1839.

feorh, ferh (Goth. fairhvu-s, _world_), st. m. and n., _life, principle of

life, soul_: nom. sg. feorh, 2124; nô þon lange wäs feorh äðelinges flæsce

bewunden, _not for much longer was the soul of the prince enveloped in the

body_ (he was near death), 2425; ferh ellen wräc, _life expelled the

strength_ (i.e. with the departing life the strength disappeared also),

2707; acc. sg. feorh ealgian, 797, 2656, 2669; feorh gehealdan, _preserve

his life_, 2857; feorh âlegde, _gave up his life_, 852; similarly, ær he

feorh seleð, 1371; feorh oðferede, _tore away her life_, 2142; ôð þät hie

forlæddan tô þam lindplegan swæse gesîðas ond hyra sylfra feorh, _till in

an evil hour they carried into battle their dear companions and their

lives_ (i.e. led them to their death), 2041; gif þu þîn feorh hafast, 1850;

ymb feorh sacan (_to fight for life_), 439; wäs in feorh dropen, _was

wounded into his life_, i.e. mortally, 2982; wîdan feorh, as temporal acc.,

_through a wide life_, i.e. always, 2015; dat. sg. feore, 1294, 1549; tô

wîdan feore, _for a wide life_, i.e. at all times, 934; on swâ geongum

feore (_at a so youthful age_), 1844; as instr., 578, 3014; gen. sg.

feores, 1434, 1943; dat. pl. bûton ... feorum gumena, 73; freónda feorum,

1307.--Also, _body, corpse_: þâ wäs heal hroden feónda feorum (_the hall

was covered with the slain of the enemy_), 1153; gehwearf þâ in Francna

fäðm feorh cyninges, _then the body of the king_ (Hygelâc) _fell into the

power of the Franks_, 1211. --Comp. geogoð-feorh.

feorh-bana, w. m., _(life-slayer), man-slayer, murderer_: dat. sg.

feorh-bonan, 2466.

feorh-ben, st. f., _wound that takes away life, mortal wound_: dat.

(instr.) pl. feorh-bennum seóc, 2741.

feorh-bealu, st. n., _evil destroying life, violent death_: nom. sg., 2078,

2251, 2538; acc. sg., 156.

feorh-cyn, st. n., _race of the living, mankind_: gen. pl. fela

feorh-cynna, 2267.

feorh-genîðla, w. m., _he who seeks life, life's enemy_ (N.H.G. Tod-feind),

_mortal enemy_: acc. sg. -genîðlan, 1541; dat. sg. -genîðlan, 970; acc. sg.

brægd feorh-genîðlan, 1541; acc. pl. folgode feorh-genîðlan, (Ongenþeów)

_pursued his mortal enemies_, 2934.

feorh-lagu, st. f., _the life allotted to anyone, life determined by fate_:

acc. sg. on mâðma hord mine (mînne, MS.) bebohte frôde feorh-lege, _for the

treasure-hoard I sold my old life_, 2801.

feorh-lâst, st. m., _trace of (vanishing) life, sign of death _: acc. pl.

feorh-lâstas bär, 847.

feorh-seóc, adj., _mortally wounded_: nom. sg., 821.

feorh-sweng, st. m., _(stroke robbing of life), fatal blow_: acc. sg.,

2490.

feorh-wund, st. f., _mortal wound, fatal injury_: acc. sg. feorh-wunde

hleát, 2386.

feorm, st. f., _subsistence, entertainment_: acc. sg. nô þu ymb mînes ne

þearft lîces feorme leng sorgian, _thou needest no longer have care for the

sustenance of my body_, 451.--2) _banquet_: dat. on feorme (or feorme,

MS.), 2386.

feormend-leás, adj., _wanting the. cleanser_: acc. pl. geseah ...

fyrn-manna fatu feormend-leáse, 2762.

feormian, w. v., _to clean, to cleanse, to polish_: pres. part. nom pl.

feormiend swefað (feormynd, MS.), 2257.

ge-feormian, w. v., _to feast, to eat_; pret. part. sôna häfde unlyfigendes

eal gefeormod fêt and folma, 745.

feorran, w. v., w. acc., _to remove_: inf. sibbe ne wolde wið manna hwone

mägenes Deniga feorh-bealo feorran, feó þingian, (Grendel) _would not from

friendship free any one of the men of the Danes of life's evil, nor allay

it for tribute_, 156.

feorran, adv., _from afar_: a) of space, 361, 430, 826, 1371, 1820, etc.;

siððan äðelingas feorran gefricgean fleám eówerne, _when noble men afar

learn of your flight_ (when the news of your flight reaches distant lands),

2890; fêrdon folctogan feorran and neán, _from far and from near_, 840;

similarly, neán and feorran þu nu [friðu] hafast, 1175; wäs þäs wyrmes wîg

wîde gesýne ... neán and feorran, _visible from afar, far and near_,

2318.--b) temporal: se þe cûðe frumsceaft fira feorran reccan (_since

remote antiquity_), 91; similarly, feorran rehte, 2107.

feorran-cund, adj., _foreign-born_: dat. sg. feorran-cundum, 1796.

feor-weg, st. m., _far way_: dat. pl. mâdma fela of feorwegum, _many

precious things from distant paths_ (from foreign lands), 37.

ge-feón. See feohan.

feónd, st. m., _enemy_: nom. sg., 164, 726, 749; feónd on helle (Grendel),

101; acc. sg., 279, 1865, 2707; dat. sg. feónde, 143, 439; gen. sg.

feóndes, 985, 2129, 2290; acc, pl. feónd, 699; dat. pl. feóndum, 420, 1670;

gen. pl. feonda 294, 809, 904.

feónd-grâp, st. f., _foe's clutch_: dat. (instr.) pl. feónd-grâpum fäst,

637.

feónd-sceaða, w. m., _one who is an enemy and a robber_: nom. sg. fâh

feónd-scaða (_a hostile sea-monster_), 554.

feónd-scipe, st. m., _hostility_: nom. sg., 3000.

feówer, num., _four_: nom. feówer bearn, 59; feówer mearas, 2164; feówer,

as substantive, 1638; acc. feówer mâðmas, 1028.

feówer-tyne, num., _fourteen_: nom. with following gen. pl. feówertyne

Geáta, 1642.

findan, st. v., _to find, to invent, to attain_: a) with simple object in

acc.: inf. þâra þe he cênoste findan mihte, 207; swylce hie at Finnes-hâm

findan meahton sigla searo-gimma, 1157; similarly, 2871; mäg þær fela

freónda findan, 1839; wolde guman findan, 2295; swâ hyt weorðlîcost

fore-snotre men findan mihton, _so splendidly as only very wise men could

devise it_, 3164; pret. sg. healþegnas fand, 720; word ôðer fand, _found

other words_, i.e. went on to another narrative, 871; grimne gryrelîcne

grund-hyrde fond, 2137; þät ic gôdne funde beága bryttan, 1487; pret. part.

syððan ærest wearð feásceaft funden (_discovered_), 7.--b) with acc. and

pred. adj.: pret. sg. dryhten sînne driórigne fand, 2790.--c) with acc. and

inf.: pret. fand þâ þær inne äðelinga gedriht swefan, 118; fand wäccendne

wer wîges bîdan, 1268; hord-wynne fond opene standan, 2271; ôð þät he

fyrgen-beámas ... hleonian funde, 1416; pret. pl. fundon þâ sâwulleásne

hlim-bed healdan, 3034.--d) with dependent clause: inf. nô þý ær feásceafte

findan meahton ät þam äðelinge þät he Heardrêde hlâford wære (_could by no

means obtain it from the prince_), 2374.

on-findan, _to be sensible of, to perceive, to notice_: a) w. acc.: pret.

sg. landweard onfand eftsîð eorla, _the coast-guard observed the return of

the earls_, 1892; pret. part. þâ heó onfunden wäs (_was discovered_),

1294.--b) w. depend, clause: pret. sg. þâ se gist onfand þät se beado-leóma

bîtan nolde, _the stranger_ (Beówulf) _perceived that the sword would not

cut_, 1523; sôna þät onfunde, þät ..., _immediately perceived that_...,

751; similarly, 810, 1498.

finger, st. m., _finger_: nom. pl. fingras, 761; acc. pl. fingras, 985;

dat. (instr.) pl. fingrum, 1506; gen. pl. fingra, 765.

firas, fyras (O.H.G. firahî, i.e. _the living_; cf. feorh), st. m., only in

pl., _men_: gen. pl. fira, 91, 2742; monegum fira, 2002; fyra gehwylcne

leóda mînra, 2251; fira fyrngeweorc, 2287.

firen, fyren, st. f., _cunning waylaying, insidious hostility, malice,

outrage_: nom. sg. fyren, 916; acc. sg. fyrene and fæhðe, 153; fæhðe and

fyrene, 880, 2481; firen' ondrysne, 1933; dat. sg. fore fæhðe and fyrene,

137; gen. pl. fyrena, 164, 629; and fyrene, 812; fyrena hyrde (of Grendel),

751. The dat. pl., fyrenum, is used adverbially in the sense of

_maliciously_, 1745, or _fallaciously_, with reference to Hæðcyn's killing

Herebeald, which was done unintentionally, 2442.

firen-dæd, st. f., _wicked deed_: acc. pl. fyren-dæda, 1670; instr. pl.

fyren-dædum, 1002; both times of Grendel and his mother, with reference to

their nocturnal inroads.

firen-þearf, st. f., _misery through the malignity of enemies_: acc. sg.

fyren-þearfe, 14.

firgen-beám, st. m., _tree of a mountain-forest_: acc. pl. fyrgen-beámas,

1415.

firgen-holt, st. m., _mountain-wood, mountain-forest_: acc. sg. on

fyrgen-holt, 1394.

firgen-streám, st. m., _mountain-stream_: nom. sg. fyrgen-streám, 1360;

acc. sg. under fyrgen-streám (marks the place where the mountain-stream,

according to 1360, empties into Grendel's sea), 2129.

fisc, st. m., _fish_: in comp. hron-, mere-fisc.

fîf, num., _five_: uninflect. gen. fîf nihta fyrst, 545; acc. fîfe (?),

420.

fîfel-cyn (O.N. fîfl, stultus and gigas), st. n., _giant-race_: gen. sg.

fîfelcynnes eard, 104.

fîf-tene, fîf-tyne, num., _fifteen_: acc. fýftyne, 1583; gen. fîftena sum,

207.

fîf-tig, num., _fifty_: 1) as substantive with gen. following; acc. fîftig

wintra, 2734; gen. se wäs fîftiges fôt-gemearces lang, 3043.--2) as

adjective: acc. fîftig wintru, 2210.

flân, st. m., _arrow_: dat. sg. flâne, 3120; as instr., 2439.

flân-boga, w. m., _bow which shoots the flân, bow_: dat. sg. of flân-bogan,

1434, 1745.

flæsc, st. n., _flesh, body in contrast with soul_: instr. sg. nô þon lange

wäs feorh äðelinges flæsce bewunden, _not much longer was the son of the

prince contained in his body_, 2425.

flæsc-hama, w. m., _clothing of flesh_, i.e. the body: acc. sg.

flæsc-homan, 1569.

flet, st. n.: 1) _ground, floor of a hall_: acc. sg. heó on flet gebeáh,

_fell to the ground_, 1541; similarly, 1569.--2) _hall, mansion_: nom. sg.

1977; acc. sg. flet, 1037, 1648, 1950, 2018, etc.; flett, 2035; þät hie him

ôðer flet eal gerýmdon, _that they should give up entirely to them another

hall_, 1087; dat. sg. on flette, 1026.

flet-räst, st. f., _resting-place in the hall_: acc. sg. flet-räste gebeág,

_reclined upon the couch in the hall_, 1242.

flet-sittend, pres. part., _sitting in the hall_: acc. pl -sittende, 2023;

dat. pl. -sittendum, 1789.

flet-werod, st. n., _troop from the hall_: nom. sg., 476.

fleám, st. m., _flight_: acc. sg. on fleám gewand, _had turned to flight_,

1002; fleám eówerne, 2890.

fleógan, st. v., _to fly_: prs. sg. III. fleógeð, 2274.

fleón, st. v., _to flee_: inf. on heolster fleón, 756; fleón on fenhopu,

765; fleón under fen-hleoðu, 821; pret. hete-swengeas fleáh, 2226.

be-fleón, w. acc., _to avoid, to escape_: gerund nô þät ýðe byð tô

befleónne, _that is not easy_ (i.e. not at all) _to be avoided_, 1004.

ofer-fleón, w. acc., _to flee from one, to yield_: inf. nelle ic beorges

weard oferfleón fôtes trem, _will not yield to the warder of the mountain_

(the drake) _a foot's breadth_, 2526.

fleótan, st. v., _to float upon the water, to swim_: inf. nô he wiht fram

me flôd-ýðum feor fleótan meahte. hraðor on helme, _no whit, could he swim

from me farther on the waves_ (regarded as instrumental, so that the waves

marked the distance), _more swiftly in the sea_, 542; pret. sægenga fleát

fâmigheals forð ofer ýðe, _floated away over the waves_, 1910.

fliht. See flyht.

flitme. See un-flitme.

flîtan, st. v., _to exert one's self, to strive, to emulate_: pres. part.

flîtende fealwe stræte mearum mæton (_rode a race_), 917; pret. sg. II.

eart þu se Beówulf, se þe wið Brecan ... ymb sund flite, _art thou the

Beówulf who once contended with Breca for the prize in swimming?_ 507.

ofer-flîtan, _to surpass one in a contest, to conquer, to overcome_: pret.

w. acc. he þe ät sunde oferflât (_overcome thee in a swimming-wager_), 517.

ge-flît, st. n., _emulation_: acc. sg. lêton on geflît faran fealwe mearas,

_let the fallow horses go in emulation_, 866.

floga, w. m., _flyer_; in the compounds: gûð-, lyft-, uht-, wîð-floga.

flota (see fleótan), w. m., _float, ship, boat_: nom. sg., 210, 218, 301;

acc. sg. flotan eówerne, 294.--Comp. wæg-flota.

flot-here, st. m., _fleet_: instr. sg. cwom faran flotherge on Fresna land,

2916.

flôd, st. m., _flood, stream, sea-current_: nom. sg., 545, 580, 1362, etc.;

acc. sg. flôd, 3134; ofer fealone flôd, 1951; dat. sg. tô flôde, 1889; gen.

pl. flôda begong, _the region of floods_, i.e. the sea, 1498, 1827; flôda

genipu, 2809.

flôd-ýð, st. f., _flood-wave_: instr. pl. flôd-ýðum, 542.

flôr, st. m., _floor, stone-floor_: acc. sg. on fâgne flôr (the floor was

probably a kind of mosaic, made of colored flags), 726; dat. sg. gang þâ

äfter flôre, _along the floor_ (i.e. along the hall), 1317.

flyht, fliht, st. m., _flight_: nom. sg. gâres fliht, _flight of the

spear_, 1766.

ge-flýman, w. v., _to put to flight_: pret. part. geflýmed, 847, 1371.

folc, st. n., _troop, band of warriors; folk_, in the sense of the whole

body of the fighting men of a nation: acc. sg. folc, 522, 694, 912; Sûðdene

folc, 464; folc and rîce, 1180; dat. sg. folce, 14, 2596; folce Deninga,

465; as instr. folce gestepte ofer sæ sîde, _went with a band of warriors

over the wide sea_, 2394; gen. sg. folces, 1125; folces Denigea, 1583.--The

king is called folces hyrde, 611, 1833, 2645, 2982; freáwine folces, 2358;

or folces weard, 2514. The queen, folces cwên, 1933.--The pl., in the sense

of _warriors, fighting men_: nom. pl. folc, 1423, 2949; dat. pl. folcum,

55, 262, 1856; gen. pl. freó- (freá-) wine folca, _of the king_, 430, 2430;

friðu-sibb folca, _of the queen_, 2018.--Comp. sige-folc.

folc-âgend, pres. part., _leader of a band of warriors_: nom. pl.

folc-âgende, 3114.

folc-beorn, st. m., _man of the multitude, a common man_: nom. sg.

folc-beorn, 2222.

folc-cwên, st. f., _queen of a warlike host_: nom. sg., of Wealhþeów, 642.

folc-cyning, st. m., _king of a warlike host_: nom. sg., 2734, 2874.

folc-ræd, st. m, _what best serves a warlike host_: acc. sg., 3007.

folc-riht, st. n., _the rights of the fighting men of a nation_: gen. pl.

him ær forgeaf ... folcrihta gehwylc, swâ his fäder âhte, 2609.

folc-scearu, st. f., _part of a host of warriors, nation_: dat. sg.

folc-scare, 73.

folc-stede, st. m., _position of a band of warriors, place where a band of

warriors is quartered_: acc. sg. folcstede, of the hall, Heorot, 76;

folcstede fâra (_the battle-field_), 1464.

folc-toga, w. m., _leader of a body of warriors, duke_: nom. pl., powerful

liege-men of Hrôðgâr are called folc-togan, 840.

fold-bold, st. n., _earth-house_ (i.e. a house on earth in contrast with a

dwelling in heaven): nom. sg. fäger fold-bold, of the hall, Heorot, 774.

fold-bûend, pres. part. _dweller on earth, man_: nom. pl. fold-bûend, 2275;

fold-bûende, 1356; dat. pl. fold-bûendum, 309.

folde, w. f., _earth, ground_: acc. sg. under foldan, 1362; feóll on

foldan, 2976; gen. sg. foldan bearm, _the bosom of the earth_, 1138; foldan

sceátas, 96; foldan fäðm, 1394.--Also, _earth, world_: dat. sg. on foldan,

1197.

fold-weg, st. m., _field-way, road through the country_: acc. sg. fold-weg,

1634; acc. pl. fold-wegas, 867.

folgian, w. v.: 1) _to perform vassal-duty, to serve, to follow_: pret. pl.

þeáh hie hira beággyfan banan folgedon, _although they followed the

murderer of their prince_, 1103.--2) _to pursue, to follow after_: folgode

feorh-genîðlan (acc. pl.) 2934.

folm, st. f, _hand_: acc. sg. folme, 971, 1304; dat. sg. mid folme, 743;

acc. pl. fêt and folma, _feet and hands_, 746; dat. pl. tô banan folmum,

158; folmum (instr.), 723, 993.--Comp.: beado-, gearo-folm.

for, prep. w. dat., instr., and acc.: 1) w. dat. local, _before_, ante: þät

he for eaxlum gestôd Deniga freán, 358; for hlâwe, 1121.--b) _before_,

coram, in conspectu: no he þære feohgyfte for sceótendum scamigan þorfte,

_had no need to be ashamed of the gift before the warriors_, 1027; for þäm

werede, 1216; for eorlum, 1650; for duguðe, _before the noble band of

warriors_, 2021.--Causal, a) to denote a subjective motive, _on account of,

through, from_: for wlenco, _from bravery, through warlike courage_, 338,

1207; for wlence, 508; for his wonhýdum, 434; for onmêdlan, 2927, etc.--b)

objective, partly denoting a cause, _through, from, by reason of_: for

metode, _for the creator, on account of the creator_, 169; for þreánýdum,

833; for þreánêdlan, 2225; for dolgilpe, _on account of, in accordance with

the promise of bold deeds_ (because you claimed bold deeds for yourself),

509; him for hrôfsele hrînan ne mehte fær-gripe flôdes, _on account of the

roofed hall the malicious grasp of the flood could not reach him_, 1516;

lîg-egesan wäg for horde, _on account of_ (the robbing of) _the treasure_,

2782; for mundgripe mînum, _on account of, through the gripe of my hand_,

966; for þäs hildfruman hondgeweorce, 2836; for swenge, _through the

stroke_, 2967; ne meahte ... deóp gedýgan for dracan lêge, _could not hold

out in the deep on account of the heat of the drake_, 2550. Here may be

added such passages as ic þäm gôdan sceal for his môdþräce mâðmas beódan,

_will offer him treasures on account of his boldness of character, for his

high courage_, 385; ful-oft for lässan leán teohhode, _gave often reward

for what was inferior_, 952; nalles for ealdre mearn, _was not uneasy about

his life_, 1443; similarly, 1538. Also denoting purpose: for ârstafum, _to

the assistance_, 382, 458.--2) w. instr. causal, _because of, for_: he hine

feor forwräc for þý mane, 110.--3) w. acc., _for, as, instead of_: for sunu

freógan, _love as a son_, 948; for sunu habban, 1176; ne him þäs wyrmes wîg

for wiht dyde, _held the drake's fighting as nothing_, 2349.

foran, adv., _before, among the first, forward_: siððan ... sceáwedon

feóndes fingras, foran æghwylc (_each before himself_), 985; þät wäs ân

foran ealdgestreóna, _that was one among the first of the old treasures_,

i.e. a splendid old treasure, 1459; þe him foran ongeán linde bæron, _bore

their shields forward against him_ (went out to fight against him), 2365.

be-foran: 1) adv., local, _before_: he ... beforan gengde, _went before_,

1413; temporal, _before, earlier_, 2498.--2) prep. w. acc. _before_, in

conspectu: mære mâððum-sweord manige gesâwon beforan beorn beran, 1025.

ford, st. m., _ford, water-way_: acc. sg. ymb brontne ford, 568.

forð: 1) local, _forth, hither, near_: forð near ätstôp, _approached

nearer_, 746; þâ cwom Wealhþeó forð gân, 1163; similarly, 613; him seleþegn

forð wîsade, _led him_ (Beówulf) _forth_ (to the couch that had been

prepared for him in Heorot), 1796; þät him swât sprong forð under fexe,

_forth under the hair of his head_, 2968. _Forward, further_: gewîtað forð

beran wæpen and gewædu, 291; he tô forð gestôp, 2290; freoðo-wong þone forð

ofereodon, 2960. _Away, forth_, 45, 904; fyrst forð gewât, _the time_ (of

the way to the ship) _was out_, i.e. they had arrived at the ship, 210; me

... forð-gewitenum, _to me the departed_, 1480; fêrdon forð, _went forth_

(from Grendel's sea), 1633; þonne he forð scile, _when he must (go) forth_,

i.e. die, 3178; hine mihtig god ... ofer ealle men forð gefremede, _carried

him forth, over all men_, 1719.--2) temporal, _forth, from now on_: heald

forð tela niwe sibbe, 949; ic sceal forð sprecan gen ymbe Grendel, _shall

from now on speak again of Grendel_, 2070. See furðum and furðor.

forð-gerîmed, pres. part., _in unbroken succession_, 59.

forð-gesceaft, st. f., _that which is determined for farther on, future

destiny_: acc. sg. he þâ forð-gesceaft forgyteð and forgýmeð, 1751.

forð-weg, st. m., _road that leads away, journey_: he of ealdre gewât frôd

on forð-weg (_upon the way to the next world_), 2626.

fore, prep. w. dat., local, _before_, coram, in conspectu: heó fore þäm

werede spräc, 1216. Causal, _through, for, because of_: nô mearn fore fæhðe

and fyrene, 136; fore fäder dædum, _because of the father's deeds_,

2060,--Allied to this is the meaning, _about_, de, super: þær wäs sang and

swêg samod ätgädere fore Healfdenes hildewîsan, _song and music about

Healfdene's general_ (the song of Hnäf), 1065.

fore-mære, adj., _renowned beyond (others)_, præclarus: superl. þät wäs

fore-mærost foldbûendum receda under roderum, 309.

fore-mihtig, adj., _able beyond (others)_, præpotens: nom. sg. wäs tô

foremihtig feónd on fêðe, _the enemy was too strong in going_ (could flee

too rapidly), 970.

fore-snotor, adj., _wise beyond (others)_, sapientissimus: nom. pl.

foresnotre men, 3164.

fore-þanc, st. m., _forethought, consideration, deliberation_: nom. sg.,

1061.

forht, adj., _fearful, cowardly_: nom. sg. forht, 2968; he on môde wearð

forht on ferhðe, 755.--Comp. unforht.

forma, adj., _foremost, first_: nom. sg. forma sîð (_the first time_), 717,

1464, 1528, 2626; instr. sg. forman sîðe, 741, 2287; forman dôgore, 2574.

fyrmest, adv. superl., _first of all, in the first place_: he fyrmest läg,

2078.

forst, st. m., _frost, cold_: gen. sg. forstes bend, 1610.

for-þam, for-þan, for-þon, adv. and conj., _therefore, on that account,

then_: forþam, 149; forþan, 418, 680, 1060; forþon þe, _because_, 503.

fôn, st. v., _to catch, to grasp, to take hold, to take_: prs. sg. III.

fêhð ôðer tô, _another lays hold_ (takes possession), 1756; inf. ic mid

grâpe sceal fôn wið feónde, 439; pret. sg. him tôgeánes fêng, _caught at

him, grasped at him_, 1543; w. dat. he þâm frätwum fêng, _received the rich

adornments_ (Ongenþeów's equipment), 2990.

be-fôn, _to surround, to ensnare, to encompass, to embrace_: pret. part.

hyne sâr hafað ... nearwe befongen balwon bendum, 977; heó äðelinga ânne

häfde fäste befangen (_had seized him firmly_), 1296; helm ... befongen

freáwrâsnum (_encircled by an ornament like a diadem_), 1452; fenne

bifongen, _surrounded by the fen_, 2010; (draca) fýre befongen, _encircled

by fire_, 2275, 2596; häfde landwara lîge befangen, _encompassed by fire_,

2322.

ge-fôn, w. acc., _to seize, to grasp_: pret. he gefêng slæpendne rinc, 741;

gûðrinc gefêng atolan clommum, 1502; gefêng þâ be eaxle ... Gûðgeáta leód

Grendles môdor, 1538; gefêng þâ fetelhilt, 1564; hond rond gefêng, geolwe

linde, 2610; ic on ôfoste gefêng micle mid mundum mägen-byrðenne, _hastily

I seized with my hands the enormous burden_, 3091.

on-fôn, w. dat., _to receive, to accept, to take_: pres. imp. sg. onfôh

þissum fulle, _accept this cup_, 1170; inf. þät þät þeódnes bearn ...

scolde fäder-äðelum onfôn, _receive the paternal rank_, 912; pret. sg. hwâ

þäm hläste onfêng, _who received the ship's lading_, 52; hleór-bolster

onfêng eorles andwlitan, _the pillow received the nobleman's face_, 689;

similarly, 853, 1495; heal swêge onfêng, _the hall received the loud

noise_, 1215; he onfêng hraðe inwit-þancum, _he_ (Beówulf) _at once

clutched him_ (Grendel) _devising malice_, 749.

þurh-fôn, w. acc., _to break through with grasping, to destroy by

grasping_: inf. þät heó þone fyrd-hom þurh-fôn ne mihte, 1505.

wið-fôn, w. dat., _(to grasp at), to seize, to lay hold of_: pret. sg. him

fäste wið-fêng, 761.

ymbe-fôn, w. acc., _to encircle_: pret. heals ealne ymbefêng biteran bânum,

_encircled his_ (Beówulf's) _whole neck with sharp bones_ (teeth), 2692.

fôt, st. m., _foot_: gen. sg. fôtes trem (_the measure of a foot, a foot

broad_), 2526; acc. pl. fêt, 746; dat. pl. ät fôtum, _at the feet_, 500,

1167.

fôt-gemearc, st. n., _measure, determining by feet, number of feet_: gen.

sg. se wäs fîftiges fôtgemearces lang (_fifty feet long_), 3043.

fôt-lâst, st. m., _foot-print_: acc. sg. (draca) onfand feóndes fôt-lâst,

2290.

fracod, adj., _objectionable, useless_. nom. sg. näs seó ecg fracod

hilde-rince, 1576.

fram, from, I. prep. w. dat. loc. _away from something_: þær fram sylle

âbeág medubenc monig, 776, 1716; þanon eft gewiton ealdgesîðas ... fram

mere, 856; cyning-balde men from þäm holmclife hafelan bæron, 1636;

similarly, 541, 543, 2367. Standing after the dat.: he hine feor forwräc

... mancynne fram, 110; similarly, 1716. Also, _hither from something_: þâ

ic cwom ... from feóndum, 420; æghwäðrum wäs ... brôga fram ôðrum,

2566.--Causal with verbs of saying and hearing, _of, about, concerning_:

sägdest from his sîðe, 532; nô ic wiht fram þe swylcra searo-nîða secgan

hýrde, 581; þät he fram Sigemunde secgan hyrde, 876. II adv., _away,

thence_: nô þý ær fram meahte, 755; _forth, out_: from ærest cwom oruð

aglæcean ût of stâne, _the breath of the dragon came forth first from the

rock_ 2557.

fram, from, adj.: 1) _directed forwards, striving forwards_; in comp.

sîð-fram.--2) _excellent, splendid_, of a man with reference to his warlike

qualities: nom. sg. ic eom on môde from, 2528; nom. pl. frome fyrd-hwate,

1642, 2477. Of things: instr. pl. fromum feoh-giftum, 21.--Comp. un-from;

see freme, forma.

ge-frägen. See frignan.

frätwe, st. f. pl., _ornament, anything costly_, originally _carved

objects_ (cf. Dietrich in Hpts. Ztschr. X. 216 ff.), afterwards of any

costly and artistic work: acc. pl. frätwe, 2920; beorhte frätwe, 214;

beorhte frätwa, 897; frätwe.. eorclan-stânas, 1208; frätwe,...

breóst-weorðunge, 2504, both times of Hygelâc's collar; frätwe and

fät-gold, 1922; frätwe (Eanmund's sword and armor), 2621; dat. instr. pl.

þâm frätwum, 2164; on frätewum, 963; frätwum (Heaðobeard sword) hrêmig,

2055; frätwum, of the drake's treasures, 2785; frätwum (Ongenþeów's armor),

2990; gen. pl. fela ... frätwa, 37; þâra frätwa (drake's treasure), 2795;

frätwa hyrde (drake), 3134.

frätwan, w. v., _to supply with ornaments, to adorn_: inf. folc-stede

frätwan, 76.

ge-frätwian, w. v., _to adorn_: pret. sg. gefrätwade foldan sceátas leomum

and leáfum, 96; pret. part. þâ wäs hâten Heort innanweard folmum gefrätwod,

993.

ge-fræge, adj., _known by reputation, renowned_: nom. sg. leód-cyning ...

folcum gefræge, 55; swâ hyt gefræge wäs, 2481.

ge-fræge, st. n., _information through hearsay_: instr. sg. mine gefræge

(_as I learned through the narrative of others_), 777, 838, 1956, etc.

ge-frægnian, w. v., _to become known through hearsay_: pret. part. fylle

gefrægnod (of Grendel's mother, who had become known through the carrying

off of Äschere), 1334?

freca, w. m., properly _a wolf_, as one that breaks in, robs; here a

designation of heroes: nom. sg. freca Scildinga, of Beówulf, 1564.--Comp.:

gûð-, hilde-, scyld-, sweord-, wîg-freca; ferð-frec (adj.).

fremde, adj., properly _distant, foreign_; then _estranged, hostile_: nom

sg. þät wäs fremde þeód êcean dryhtne, of the giants, 1692.

freme, adj., _excellent, splendid_: nom. sg. fem. fremu folces cwên, of

Þryðo, 1933(?).

fremman, w. v., _to press forward, to further_, hence: 1) in general, _to

perform, to accomplish, to do, to make_: pres. subj. without an object,

fremme se þe wille, _let him do (it) whoever will_, 1004. With acc.: imp.

pl. fremmað ge nu leóda þearfe, 2801; inf. fyrene fremman, 101; säcce

fremman, 2500; fæhðe ... mærðum fremman, 2515, etc.; pret. sg. folcræd

fremede (_did what was best for his men_, i.e. ruled wisely), 3007; pl. hû

þâ äðelingas ellen fremedon, 3; feohtan fremedon, 960; nalles fâcenstafas

... þenden fremedon, 1020; pret. subj. þät ic ... mærðo fremede, 2135. --2)

_to help on, to support_: inf. þät he mec fremman wile wordum and worcum

(to an expedition), 1833.

ge-fremman, w. acc., _to do, to make, to render_: inf. gefremman eorlîc

ellen, 637; helpan gefremman, _to give help_, 2450; äfter weáspelle wyrpe

gefremman, _to work a change after sorrow_ (to give joy after sorrow),

1316; gerund, tô gefremmanne, 174, 2645; pret. sg. gefremede, 135, 165,

551, 585, etc.; þeáh þe hine mihtig god ... ofer ealle men forð gefremede,

_placed him away, above all men_, i.e. raised him, 1719; pret. pl.

gefremedon, 1188, 2479; pret. subj. gefremede, 177; pret. part. gefremed,

476; fem, nu scealc hafað ... dæd gefremede, 941; absolutely, þu þe self

hafast dædum gefremed, þät ..., _hast brought it about by thy deeds that_,

955.

fretan, st. v., _to devour, to consume_: inf. þâ (the precious things)

sceal brond fretan, 3015; nu sceal glêd fretan wîgena strengel, 3115; pret.

sg. (Grendel) slæpende frät folces Denigea fýftyne men, 1582.

frêcne, adj., _dangerous, bold_: nom. sg. frêcne fýr-draca, 2690;

feorh-bealo frêcne, 2251, 2538; acc. sg. frêcne dæde, 890; frêcne fengelâd,

1360; frêcne stôwe, 1379; instr. sg. frêcnan spræce (_through provoking

words_), 1105.

frêcne, adv., _boldly, audaciously_, 960, 1033, 1692.

freá, w. m., _ruler, lord_, of a temporal ruler: nom. sg. freá, 2286; acc.

sg. freán, 351, 1320, 2538, 3003, 3108; gen. sg. freán, 359, 500, 1167,

1681; dat. sg. freán, 271, 291, 2663. Of a husband: dat. sg. eode ... tô

hire freán sittan, 642. Of God: dat. sg. freán ealles, _the Lord of all_,

2795; gen. sg. freán, 27.-- Comp.: âgend-, lîf-, sin-freá.

freá-dryhten, st. m., _lord, ruling lord_: gen. sg. freá-drihtnes, 797.

freá-wine, st. m., _lord and friend, friendly ruler_: nom. sg. freá-wine

folces (folca), 2358, 2430; acc. sg. his freá-wine, 2439.

freá-wrâsn, st. f., _encircling ornament like a diadem_: instr. pl. helm

... befongen freáwrâsnum, 1452; see wrâsn.

freoðu, friðu, f., _protection, asylum, peace_: acc. sg. wel bið þäm þe môt

... tô fäder fäðmum freoðo wilnian, _who may obtain an asylum in God's

arms_, 188; neán and feorran þu nu [friðu] hafast, 1175.--Comp. fen-freoðo.

freoðo-burh, st. f., _castle, city affording protection_: acc. sg.

freoðoburh fägere, 522.

freoðo-wong, st. m., _field of peace, field of protection_: acc. sg., 2960;

seems to have been the proper name of a field.

freoðo-wær, st. f., _peace-alliance, security of peace_: acc. sg. þâ hie

getrûwedon on twâ healfa fäste frioðu-wære, 1097; gen. sg. frioðowære bäd

hlâford sînne, _entreated his lord for the protection of peace_ (i.e. full

pardon for his delinquency), 2283.

freoðo-webbe, w. f., _peace-weaver_, designation of the royal consort

(often one given in marriage as a confirmation of a peace between two

nations): nom. sg., 1943.

freó-burh, st. f., = freá-burg (?), _ruler's castle_ (?) (according to

Grein, arx ingenua): acc. sg. freóburh, 694.

freód, st. f., _friendship_: acc. sg. freóde ne woldon ofer heafo healdan,

2477; gen. sg. näs þær mâra fyrst freóde tô friclan, _was no longer time to

seek for friendship_, 2557; --_favor, acknowledgement_: acc. sg. ic þe

sceal mîne gelæstan freóde (_will show myself grateful_, with reference to

1381 ff.), 1708.

freó-dryhten (= freá-dryhten), st. m., _lord, ruler_; according to Grein,

dominus ingenuus vel nobilis: nom. sg. as voc. freó-drihten min! 1170; dat.

sg. mid his freó-dryhtne, 2628.

freógan, w. v., _to love; to think of lovingly_: pres. subj. þät mon his

wine-dryhten ... ferhðum freóge, 3178; inf. nu ic þec ... me for sunu wylle

freógan on ferhðe, 949.

freó-lîc, adj., _free, free-born_ (here of the lawful wife in contrast with

the bond concubine): nom. sg. freólîc wîf, 616; freólîcu folc-cwên, 642.

freónd, st. m., _friend_: acc. sg. freónd, 1386, 1865; dat. pl. freóndum,

916, 1019, 1127; gen. pl. freónda, 1307, 1839.

freónd-laðu, st. f., _friendly invitation_: nom. sg. him wäs ful boren and

freónd-laðu (_friendly invitation to drink_) wordum bewägned, 1193.

freónd-lâr, st. f., _friendly counsel_: dat. (instr.) pl. freónd-lârum,

2378.

freónd-lîce, adv., _in a friendly manner, kindly_: compar. freónd-lîcor,

1028.

freónd-scipe, st. m., _friendship_: acc. sg. freónd-scipe fästne, 2070.

freó-wine, st. m. (see freáwine), _lord and friend, friendly ruler_;

according to Grein, amicus nobilis, princeps amicus: nom. sg. as voc.

freó-wine folca! 430.

fricgean, w. v., _to ask, to inquire into_: inf. ongan sînne geseldan fägre

fricgean hwylce Sæ-Geáta sîðas wæron, 1986; pres. part, gomela Scilding

fela fricgende feorran rehte, _the old Scilding, asking many questions_

(having many things related to him), _told of old times_ (the conversation

was alternate), 2107.

ge-fricgean, _to learn, to learn by inquiry_: pres. pl. syððan hie

ge-fricgeað freán ûserne ealdorleásne, _when they learn that our lord is

dead_, 3003; pres. subj. gif ic þät gefricge, þät..., 1827; pl. syððan

äðelingas feorran gefricgean fleám eówerne, 2890.

friclan (see freca), w. v. w. gen., _to seek, to desire, to strive for_:

inf. näs þær mâra fyrst freóde tô friclan, 2557.

friðo-sib, st. f., _kin for the confirming of peace_, designation of the

queen (see freoðo--webbe), _peace-bringer_: nom. sg. friðu-sibb folca,

2018.

frignan, fringan, frinan, st. v., _to ask, to inquire_: imp. ne frin þu

äfter sælum, _ask not after the well-being!_ 1323; inf. ic þäs wine Deniga

frinan wille ... ymb þînne sîð, 351; pret. sg. frägn, 236, 332; frägn gif

..., _asked whether_ ..., 1320.

ge-frignan, ge-fringan, ge-frinan, _to find out by inquiry, to learn by

narration._ pret. sg. (w. acc.) þät fram hâm gefrägn Higelâces þegn

Grendles dæda, 194; nô ic gefrägn heardran feohtan, 575; (w. acc. and inf.)

þâ ic wîde gefrägn weorc gebannan, 74; similarly, 2485, 2753, 2774; ne

gefrägen ic þâ mægðe mâran weorode ymb hyra sincgyfan sêl gebæran, _I never

heard that any people, richer in warriors, conducted itself better about

its chief_, 1012; similarly, 1028; pret. pl. (w. acc.) we þeódcyninga þrym

gefrunon, 2; (w. acc. and inf.) geongne gûðcyning gôdne gefrunon hringas

dælan, 1970; (parenthetical) swâ guman gefrungon, 667, (after þonne)

medo-ärn micel (_greater_) ... þone yldo bearn æfre gefrunon, 70; pret.

part. häfde Higelâces hilde gefrunen, 2953; häfdon gefrunen þät..., _had

learned that_ ..., 695; häfde gefrunen hwanan sió fæhð ârâs, 2404;

healsbeága mæst þâra þe ic on foldan gefrägen häbbe, 1197.

from, See fram.

frôd, adj.: 1) ætate provectus, _old, gray_: nom. sg. frôd, 2626, 2951;

frôd cyning, 1307, 2210; frôd folces weard, 2514; wintrum frôd, 1725, 2115,

2278; se frôda, 2929; ac. sg. frôde feorhlege (_the laying down of my old

life_), 2801; dat. sg. frôdan fyrnwitan (may also, from its meaning, belong

under No. 2), 2124.--2) mente excellentior, _intelligent, experienced,

wise_: nom. sg. frôd, 1367; frôd and gôd, 279; on môde frôd, 1845.--Comp.:

in-, un-frôd.

frôfor, st. f., _consolation, compensation, help_: nom. sg. frôfor, 2942;

acc. sg. frôfre, 7, 974; fyrena frôfre, 629; frôfre and fultum, 1274;

frôfor and fultum, 699; dat. sg. tô frôfre, 14, 1708; gen. sg. frôfre, 185.

fruma (see forma), w. m., _the foremost_, hence: l) _beginning_: nom. sg.

wäs se fruma egeslîc leódum on lande, swâ hyt lungre wearð on hyra

sincgifan sâre geendod (_the beginning of the dragon-combat was terrible,

its end distressing through the death of Beówulf_), 2310.--2) _he who

stands first, prince_; in comp. dæd-, hild-, land-, leód-, ord-, wîg-fruma.

frum-cyn, st. n., (genus primitivum), _descent, origin_: acc. sg. nu ic

eówer sceal frumcyn witan, 252.

frum-gâr, st. m., primipilus, _duke, prince_: dat. sg. frumgâre (of

Beówulf), 2857.

frum-sceaft, st. f., prima creatio, _beginning_: acc. sg. se þe cûðe

frumsceaft fira feorran reccan, _who could tell of the beginning of mankind

in old times_, 91; dat. sg. frum-sceafte, _in the beginning_, i.e at his

birth, 45.

fugol, st. m., _bird_: dat. sg. fugle gelîcost, 218; dat. pl. [fuglum] tô

gamene, 2942.

ful, adj., _full, filled_: nom. sg. w. gen. pl. se wäs innan full wrätta

and wîra, 2413.--Comp.: eges-, sorh-, weorð-ful.

ful, adv., plene, _very_: ful oft, 480; ful-oft, 952.

ful, st. n., _cup, beaker_: nom. sg., 1193; acc. sg. ful, 616, 629, 1026;

ofer ýða ful, _over the cup of the waves_ (the basin of the sea filled with

waves), 1209; dat. sg. onfôh þissum fulle, 1170.--Comp.: medo-, sele-full.

fullæstian, w. v. w. dat, _to give help_: pres. sg. ic þe fullæstu, 2669.

fultum, st. m., _help, support, protection_: acc. sg. frôfor (frôfre) and

fultum, 699, 1274; mägenes fultum, 1836; on fultum, 2663.--Comp.

mägen-fultum.

fundian, w. v., _to strive, to have in view_: pres. pl. we fundiað Higelâc

sêcan, 1820; pret. sg. fundode of geardum, 1138.

furðum, adv., primo, _just, exactly; then first_: þâ ic furðum weóld folce

Deninga, _then first governed the people of the Danes_ (had just assumed

the government), 465; þâ hie tô sele furðum ... gangan cwômon, 323; ic þær

furðum cwom tô þam hringsele, 2010;--_before, previously_: ic þe sceal mîne

gelæstan freóde, swâ wit furðum spræcon, 1708.

furður, adv., _further, forward, more distant_, 254, 762, 3007.

fûs, adj., _inclined to, favorable, ready_: nom. sg. nu ic eom sîðes fûs,

1476; leófra manna fûs, _prepared for the dear men_, i.e. expecting them,

1917; sigel sûðan fûs, _the sun inclined from the south_ (midday sun),

1967; se wonna hrefn fûs ofer fægum, _eager over the slain_, 3026; sceft

... feðer-gearwum fûs, 3120; nom. pl. wæron ... eft to leódum fûse tô

farenne, 1806.--Sometimes fûs means _ready for death_, moribundus: fûs and

fæge, 1242.--Comp.: hin-, ût-fûs.

fûs-lîc, adj., _prepared, ready_: acc. sg. fûs-lîc f[yrd]-leóð, 1425;

fyrd-searo fûs-lîc, 2619; acc. pl. fyrd-searu fûs-lîcu, 232.

fyl, st. m., _fall_: nom. sg. fyll cyninges, _the fall of the king_ (in the

dragon-fight), 2913; dat. sg. þät he on fylle wearð, _that he came to a

fall, fell_, 1545.--Comp. hrâ-fyl.

fylce (collective form from folc), st. n., _troop, band of warriors_: in

comp. äl-fylce.

ge-fyllan (see feal), w. v., _to fell, to slay in battle_: inf. fâne

gefyllan, _to slay the enemy_, 2656; pret. pl. feónd gefyldan, _they had

slain the enemy_, 2707.

â-fyllan (see ful), w. v., _to fill_: pret. part. Heorot innan wäs freóndum

âfylled (_was filled with trusted men_), 1019.

fyllo, st. f. (_plenty, abundant meal_: dat. (instr.) sg. fylle gefrægnod,

1334; gen. sg. näs hie þære fylle gefeán häfdon, 562; fylle gefægon,

1015.--Comp.: wäl-, wist-fyllo.

fyl-wêrig, adj., _weary enough to fall, faint to death_, moribundus: acc.

sg. fyl-wêrigne, 963.

fyr. See feor.

fyrian, w. v. w. acc. (= ferian) _to bear, to bring, carry_: pret. pl. þâ

þe gif-sceattas Geáta fyredon þyder tô þance, 378.

fyras. See firas.

fyren. See firen.

fyrde, adj., _movable, that can be moved_.--Comp. hard-fyrde.--Leo.

fyrd-gestealla, w. m., _comrade on an expedition, companion in battle_:

dat. pl. fyrd-gesteallum, 2874

fyrd-ham, st. m., _war-dress, coat of mail_: acc. sg. þone fyrd-hom, 1505.

fyrd-hrägl, st. n., _coat of mail, war-dress_: acc. sg. fyrd-hrägl, 1528.

fyrd-hwät, adj., _sharp, good in war, warlike_: nom. pl. frome fyrd-hwate,

1642, 2477.

fyrd-leóð, st. n., _war-song, warlike music_: acc. sg. horn stundum song

fûslîc f[yrd]leoð, 1425.

fyrd-searu, st. n., _equipment for an expedition_: acc. sg. fyrd-searu

fûslîc, 2619; acc. pl. fyrd-searu fûslîcu, 232.

fyrd-wyrðe, adj., _of worth in war, excellent in battle_: nom. sg.

fyrd-wyrðe man (Beówulf), 1317.

ge-fyrðran (see forð), w. v., _to bring forward, to further_: pret. part.

âr wäs on ôfoste, eftsîðes georn, frätwum gefyrðred, _he was hurried

forward by the treasure_ (i.e. after he had gathered up the treasure, he

hasted to return, so as to be able to show it to the mortally-wounded

Beówulf), 2785.

fyrmest. See forma.

fyrn-dagas, st. m. pl., _by-gone days_: dat. pl. fyrndagum (_in old

times_), 1452.

fyrn-geweorc, st. n., _work, something done in old times_: acc. sg. fira

fyrn-geweorc (the drinking-cup mentioned in 2283), 2287.

fyrn-gewin, st. n., _combat in ancient times_: gen. sg. ôr fyrn-gewinnes

(_the origin of the battles of the giants_), 1690.

fyrn-man, st. m., _man of ancient times_: gen. pl. fyrn-manna fatu, 2762.

fyrn-wita, w. m., _counsellor ever since ancient times, adviser for many

years_: dat. sg. frôdan fyrnwitan, of Äschere, 2124.

fyrst, st. m., _portion of time, definite time, time_: nom. sg. näs hit

lengra fyrst, ac ymb âne niht ..., 134; fyrst forð gewât, _the time_ (of

going to the harbor) _was past_, 210; näs þær mâra fyrst freóde tô friclan,

2556; acc. sg. niht-longne fyrst, 528; fîf nihta fyrst, 545; instr. sg. þý

fyrste, 2574; dat. sg. him on fyrste gelomp ..., _within the fixed time_,

76.

fyr-wit, -wet, -wyt, st. n., _prying spirit, curiosity_: nom. sg. fyrwyt,

232; fyrwet, 1986, 2785.

ge-fýsan (fûs), w. v., _to make ready, to prepare_: part. winde gefýsed

flota, _the ship provided with wind_ (for the voyage), 217; (wyrm) fýre

gefýsed, _provided with fire_, 2310; þâ wäs hringbogan (of the drake)

heorte gefýsed säcce tô sêceanne, 2562; with gen., in answer to the

question, for what? gûðe gefýsed, _ready for battle, determined to fight_,

631.

fýr, st. n., _fire_: nom. sg., 1367, 2702, 2882; dat. sg. fýre, 2220; as

instr. fýre, 2275, 2596; gen. sg. fýres fäðm, 185; fýres feng, 1765.--

Comp.: âd-, bæl-, heaðu-, wäl-fýr.

fýr-bend, st. m., _band forged in fire_: dat. pl. duru ... fýr-bendum fäst,

723.

fýr-draca, w. m., _fire-drake, fire-spewing dragon_: nom. sg., 2690.

fýr-heard, adj., _hard through fire, hardened in fire_: nom. pl. (eoforlîc)

fâh and fýr-heard, 305.

fýr-leóht, st. n., _fire-light_: acc. sg., 1517.

fýr-wylm, st. m., _wave of fire, flame-wave_: dat. pl. wyrm ... fýrwylmum

fâh, 2672.

G

galan, st. v., _to sing, to sound_: pres. sg. sorh-leóð gäleð, 2461; inf.

gryre-leóð galan, 787; bearhtm ongeâton, gûðhorn galan, _heard the clang,

the battle-trumpet sound_, 1433.

â-galan, _to sing, to sound_: pret. sg. þät hire on hafelan hringmæl âgôl

grædig gûðleóð, _that the sword caused a greedy battle-song to sound upon

her head_, 1522.

gamban, or, according to Bout., gambe, w. f., _tribute, interest_: acc. sg.

gomban gyldan, 11.

gamen, st. n., _social pleasure, rejoicing, joyous doings_: nom. sg. gamen,

1161; gomen, 2460; gomen gleóbeámes, _the pleasure of the harp_, 2264; acc.

sg. gamen and gleódreám, 3022; dat. sg. gamene, 2942; gomene, 1776.--Comp.

heal-gamen.

gamen-wâð, st. f., _way offering social enjoyment, journey in joyous

society_: dat. sg. of gomen-wâðe, 855.

gamen-wudu, st. m., _wood of social enjoyment_, i.e. harp: nom. sg. þær wäs

... gomenwudu grêted, 1066; acc. sg. gomenwudu grêtte, 2109.

gamol, gomol, gomel, adj., _old_; of persons, _having lived many years,

gray_: gamol, 58, 265; gomol, 3096; gomel, 2113, 2794; se gomela, 1398;

gamela (gomela) Scylding, 1793, 2106; gomela, 2932; acc. sg. þone gomelan,

2422; dat. sg. gamelum rince, 1678; gomelum ceorle, 2445; þam gomelan,

2818; nom. pl. blondenfeaxe gomele, 1596.--Also, _late, belonging to former

time_: gen. pl. gomelra lâfe (_legacy_), 2037.--Of things, _old, from old

times_: nom. sg. sweord ... gomol, 2683; acc. sg. gomele lâfe, 2564; gomel

swyrd, 2611; gamol is a more respectful word than eald.

gamol-feax, adj., _with gray hair_: nom. sg., 609.

gang, st. m.: 1) _gait, way_: dat. sg. on gange, 1885; gen. sg. ic hine ne

mihte ... ganges ge-twæman, _could not keep him from going_, 969.--2)

_step, foot-step_: nom. sg. gang (the foot-print of the mother of Grendel),

1405; acc. sg. uton hraðe fêran Grendles mâgan gang sceáwigan, 1392.--Comp.

in-gang.

be-gang, bi-gang, st. m., (_so far as something goes_), _extent_: acc. sg.

ofer geofenes begang, _over the extent of the sea_, 362; ofer flôda begang,

1827; under swegles begong, 861, 1774; flôda begong, 1498; sioleða bigong,

2368.

gangan. See under gân.

ganot, st. m., _diver_, fulica marina: gen. sg. ofer ganotes bäð (i.e. the

sea), 1862.

gâd, st. n., _lack_: nom. sg. ne bið þe wilna gâd (_thou shalt have no lack

of desirable_ [valuable] _things_), 661; similarly, 950.

gân, _expanded =_ gangan, st. v., _to go_: pres. sg. III. gæð â Wyrd swâ

hió scel, 455; gæð eft ... tô medo, 605; þonne he ... on flett gæð, 2035;

similarly, 2055; pres. subj. III. sg. gâ þær he wille, _let him go whither

he will_, 1395; imp. sg. II. gâ nu tô setle, 1783; nu þu lungre geong, hord

sceáwian, under hârne stân, 2744; inf. in gân, _to go in_, 386, 1645 'forð

gân, _to go forth, to go thither_, 1164; þat hie him tô mihton gegnum

gangan, _to go towards, to go to_, 314; tô sele ... gangan cwômon, 324; in

a similar construction, gongan, 1643; nu ge môton gangan ... Hrôðgâr

geseón, 395; þâ com of môre ... Grendel gongan, _there came Grendel (going)

from the fen_, 712; ongeán gramum gangan, _to go to meet the enemy, to go

to the war_, 1035; cwom ... tô hofe gongan, 1975; wutun gangan tô, _let us

go thither_, 2649.--As preterite, serve, 1) geóng or gióng: he tô healle

geóng, 926; similarly, 2019; se þe on orde geóng, _who went at the head,

went in front, _3126; on innan gióng, _went in_, 2215; he ... gióng tô þäs

þe he eorðsele ânne wisse, _went thither, where he knew of that earth-hall,

_2410; þâ se äðeling, gióng, þät he bî wealle gesät, _then went the prince_

(Beówulf) _that he might sit down by the wall_, 2716.--2) gang: tô healle

gang Healfdenes sunu, 1010; similarly, 1296; gang þâ äfter flôre, _went

along the floor, along the hall_, 1317.--3) gengde (Goth. gaggida): he ...

beforan gengde ..., wong sceáwian, _went in front to inspect the fields_,

1413; gengde, also of riding, 1402.--4) from another stem, eode (Goth.

iddja): eode ellenrôf, þät he for eaxlum gestôd Deniga freán, 358;

similarly, 403; [wið duru healle Wulfgâr eode], _went towards the door of

the hall_, 390; eode Wealhþeów forð, _went forth_, 613; eode tô hire freán

sittan, 641; eode yrremôd, _went with angry feeling_, 727; eode ... tô

sele, 919; similarly, 1233; eode ... þær se snottra bâd, 1313; eode weorð

Denum äðeling tô yppan, _the prince_ (Beówulf), _honored by the Danes, went

to the high seat_, 1815; eode ... under inwit-hrôf, 3124; pl. þær

swîðferhðe sittan eodon, 493; eodon him þâ tôgeánes, _went to meet him_,

1627; eodon under Earna näs, 3032.

â-gangan, _to go out, to go forth, to befall_: pret. part. swâ bit âgangen

wearð eorla manegum (_as it befell many a one of the earls_), 1235.

full-gangan, _to emulate, to follow after_: pret. sg. þonne ... sceft nytte

heóld, feðer-gearwum fûs flâne full-eode, _when the shaft had employment,

furnished with feathers it followed the arrow, did as the arrow_, 3120.

ge-gân, ge-gangan: 1) _to go, to approach_: inf. (w. acc.) his môdor ...

gegân wolde sorhfulne sîð, 1278; se þe gryre-sîðas gegân dorste, _who dared

to go the ways of terror_ (to go into the combat), 1463; pret. sg. se maga

geonga under his mæges scyld elne geeode, _went quickly under his kinsman's

shield_, 2677; pl. elne geeodon tô þäs þe ..., _went quickly thither where_

..., 1968; pret. part. syððan hie tô-gädre gegân häfdon, _when they_

(Wîglâf and the drake) _had come together_, 2631; þät his aldres wäs ende

gegongen, _that the end of his life had come_, 823; þâ wäs endedäg gôdum

gegongen, þät se gûðcyning ... swealt, 3037.--2) _to obtain, to reach_:

inf. (w. acc.) þonne he ät gûðe gegân þenceð longsumne lof, 1536; ic mid

elne sceall gold gegangan, 2537; gerund, näs þät ýðe ceáp tô gegangenne

gumena ænigum, 2417; pret. pl. elne geeodon ... þät se byrnwîga bûgan

sceolde, 2918; pret. part. häfde ... gegongen þät, _had attained it, that_

..., 894; hord ys gesceáwod, grimme gegongen, 3086.--3) _to occur, to

happen_: pres. sg. III. gif þät gegangeð þät ..., _if that happen, that_

..., 1847; pret. sg. þät geiode ufaran dôgrum hilde-hlämmum, _it happened

in later times to the warriors_ (the Geátas), 2201; pret. part. þâ wäs

gegongen guman unfrôdum earfoðlîce þät, _then it had happened to the young

man in sorrowful wise that_ ..., 2822.

ôð-gangan, _to-go thither_: pret. pl. oð þät hi ôðeodon ... in Hrefnesholt,

2935.

ofer-gangan, w. acc., _to go over_: pret. sg. ofereode þâ äðelinga bearn

steáp stân-hliðo, _went over steep, rocky precipices_, 1409; pl.

freoðo-wong þone forð ofereodon, 2960.

ymb-gangan, w. acc., _to go around_: pret. ymb-eode þâ ides Helminga duguðe

and geogoðe dæl æghwylcne, _went around in every part, among the superior

and the inferior warriors_, 621.

gâr, st. m., _spear, javelin, missile_: nom. sg., 1847, 3022; instr. sg.

gâre, 1076; blôdigan gâre, 2441; gen. sg. gâres fliht, 1766; nom. pl.

gâras, 328; gen. pl., 161(?).--Comp.: bon-, frum-gâr.

gâr-cêne, adj., _spear-bold_: nom. sg., 1959.

gâr-cwealm, st. m., _murder, death by the spear_: acc. sg. gâr-cwealm

gumena, 2044.

gâr-holt, st. n., _forest of spears_, i.e. crowd of spears: acc. sg., 1835.

gâr-secg, st. m. (cf. Grimm, in Haupt l. 578), _sea, ocean_: acc. sg. on

gâr-secg, 49, 537; ofer gâr-secg, 515.

gâr-wîga, w. m., _one who fights with the spear_: dat. sg. geongum

gâr-wîgan, of Wîglâf, 2675, 2812.

gâr-wîgend, pres. part., _fighting with spear, spear-fighter_: acc. pl.

gâr-wîgend, 2642.

gâst, gæst, st. m., _ghost, demon_: acc. sg. helle gâst (Grendel), 1275;

gen. sg. wergan gâstes (of Grendel), 133; (of the tempter), 1748; gen. pl.

dyrnra gâsta (Grendel's race), 1358; gæsta gîfrost (_flames consuming

corpses_), 1124.--Comp.: ellor-, geó-sceaft-gâst; ellen-, wäl-gæst.

gâst-bana, w. m., _slayer of the spirit_, i.e. the devil: nom. sg.

gâst-bona, 177.

gädeling, st. m., _he who is connected with another, relation, companion_:

gen. sg. gädelinges, 2618; dat. pl. mid his gädelingum, 2950.

ät-gädere, adv., _together, united_: 321, 1165, 1191; samod ätgädere, 329,

387, 730, 1064.

tô-gadere, adv., _together_, 2631.

gäst, gist, gyst, st. m., _stranger, guest_: nom. sg. gäst, 1801; se gäst

(the drake), 2313; se grimma gäst (Grendel), 102; gist, 1139, 1523; acc.

sg. gryre-lîcne gist (the nixy slain by Beówulf), 1442; dat. sg. gyste,

2229; nom. pl. gistas, 1603; acc. pl. gäs[tas], 1894.--Comp.: fêðe-,

gryre-, inwit-, nîð-, sele-gäst (-gyst).

gäst-sele, st. m., _hall in which the guests spend their time, guest-hall_:

acc. sg., 995.

ge, conj., _and_, 1341; ge ... ge ..., _as well ... as ..._, 1865; ge ...

ge ..., ge ..., 1249; ge swylce, _and likewise, and moreover_, 2259.

ge, pron., _ye, you_, plur. of þu, 237, 245, etc.

gegn-cwide, st. m., _reply_: gen. pl. þînra gegn-cwida, 367.

gegnum, adv., _thither, towards, away_, with the prep, tô, ofer, giving the

direction: þät hie him tô mihton gegnum gangan (_that they might go

thither_), 314; gegnum fôr [þâ] ofer myrcan môr, _away over the dark moor_,

1405.

gehðu, geohðu, st. f., _sorrow, care_: instr. sg. giohðo mænde, 2268; dat.

sg. on gehðo, 3096; on giohðe, 2794.

gen (from gegn), adv., _yet, again_. ne wäs hit lenge þâ gen, þät ..., _it

was not then long before_ ..., 83; ic sceal forð sprecan gen ymb Grendel,

_shall from now on speak again of Grendel_, 2071; nô þý ær ût þâ gen ...

gongan wolde (_still he would not yet go out_), 2082; gen is eall ät þe

lissa gelong (_yet all my favor belongs to thee_), 2150; þâ gen, _then

again_, 2678, 2703; swâ he nu gen dêð, _as he still does_, 2860; furður

gen, _further still, besides_, 3007; nu gen, _now again_, 3169; ne gen, _no

more, no farther_: ne wäs þät wyrd þâ gen, _that was no more fate_ (fate no

longer willed that), 735.

gena, _still_: cwico wäs þâ gena, _was still living_, 3094.

genga, w. m., _goer_; in comp. in-, sæ-, sceadu-genga.

gengde. See gân(3).

genge. See ûð-genge.

genunga (from gegnunga), adv., _precisely, completely_, 2872.

gerwan, gyrwan, w. v.: 1) _to prepare, to make ready, to put in condition_:

pret. pl. gestsele gyredon, 995.--2) _to equip, to arm for battle_: pret.

sg. gyrede hine Beówulf eorl-gewædum (_dressed himself in the armor_),

1442.

ge-gyrwan: 1) _to make, to prepare_: pret. pl. him þâ gegiredan Geáta leóde

âd ... unwâclîcne, 3138; pret. part. glôf ... eall gegyrwed deófles cräftum

and dracan fellum, 2088.--2) _to fit out, to make ready_: inf. ceól

gegyrwan hilde-wæpnum and heaðowædum, 38; hêt him ýðlidan gôdne gegyrwan,

_had (his) good ship fitted up for him_, 199. Also, _to provide warlike

equipment_: pret. part. syððan he hine tô gûðe gegyred häfde, 1473.--3) _to

endow, to provide, to adorn_: pret. part. nom. sg. beado-hrägl ... golde

gegyrwed, 553; acc. sg. lâfe ... golde gegyrede, 2193; acc. pl. mâdmas ...

golde gegyrede, 1029.

getan, w. v., _to injure, to slay_: inf., 2941.

be-gête, adj., _attainable_; in comp. êð-begête.

geador, adv., _unitedly, together, jointly_, 836; geador ätsomne, 491.

on-geador, adv., _unitedly, together_, 1596.

gealdor, st. n.: 1) _sound_: acc. sg. býman gealdor, 2944.--2) _magic song,

incantation, spell_: instr. sg. þonne wäs þät yrfe ... galdre bewunden

(_placed under a spell_), 3053.

gealga, w. m., _gallows_: dat. sg. þät his byre rîde giong on galgan, 2447.

gealg-môd, adj., _gloomy_: nom. sg. gîfre and galgmôd, 1278.

gealg-treów, st. n., _gallows_: dat. pl. on galg-treówu[m], 2941.

geard, st. m., _residence_; in Beówulf corresponding to the house-complex

of a prince's residence, used only in the plur.: acc. in geardas (_in

Finn's castle_), 1135; dat. in geardum, 13, 2460; of geardum, 1139; ær he

on weg hwurfe ... of geardum, _before he went away from his

dwelling-place_, i.e. died, 265.--Comp. middan-geard.

gearo, adj., properly, _made, prepared_; hence, _ready, finished,

equipped_: nom. sg. þät hit wearð eal gearo, heal-ärna mæst, 77; wiht

unhælo ... gearo sôna wäs, _the demon of destruction was quickly ready, did

not delay long_, 121; Here-Scyldinga betst beadorinca wäs on bæl gearu,

_was ready for the funeral-pile_ (for the solemn burning), 1110; þeód (is)

eal gearo, _the warriors are altogether ready, always prepared_, 1231;

hraðe wäs ät holme hýð-weard gearo (geara, MS.), 1915; gearo gûð-freca,

2415; sîe sió bær gearo ädre geäfned, _let the bier be made ready at once_,

3106. With gen.: gearo gyrnwräce, _ready for revenge for harm done_, 2119,

acc. sg. gearwe stôwe, 1007; nom. pl. beornas gearwe, 211; similarly, 1814.

gearwe, gearo, geare, adv., _completely, entirely_: ne ge ... gearwe ne

wisson, _you do not know at all_ ..., 246; similarly, 879; hine gearwe

geman witena welhwyle (_remembers him very well_), 265; wisse he gearwe þät

..., _he knew very well that_ ..., 2340, 2726; þät ic ... gearo sceáwige

swegle searogimmas (_that I may see the treasures altogether, as many as

they are_), 2749; ic wât geare þät ..., 2657.--Comp. gearwor, _more

readily, rather_, 3077.--Superl. gearwost, 716.

gearo-folm, adj., _with ready hand_, 2086.

gearwe, st. f., _equipment, dress_; in comp. feðer-gearwe.

geat, st. n., _opening, door_; in comp. ben-, hilde-geat.

geato-lîc, adj., _well prepared, handsome, splendid_: of sword and armor,

215, 1563, 2155; of Heorot, 308. Adv.: wîsa fengel geatolîc gengde, _passed

on in a stately manner_, 1402.

geatwe, st. f. pl., _equipment, adornment_: acc. recedes geatwa, _the

ornaments of the dragon's cave_ (its treasures), 3089.--Comp.: eóred-,

gryre-, gûð-, hilde-, wîg-geatwe.

geán (from gegn), adv. in

on-geán, adv. and prep., _against, towards_: þät he me ongeán sleá, 682;

ræhte ongeán feónd mid folme, 748; foran ongeán, _forward towards_, 2365.

With dat.: ongeán gramum, _against the enemy_, 1035.

tô-geánes, tô-genes, prep, _against, towards_: Grendle tôgeánes, _towards

Grendel, against Grendel_, 667; grâp þâ tôgeánes, _she grasped at_

(Beówulf), 1502; similarly, him tôgeánes fêng, 1543; eodon him þâ tôgeánes,

_went towards him_, 1627; hêt þâ gebeódan ... þät hie bæl-wudu feorran

feredon gôdum tôgênes, _had it ordered that they should bring the wood from

far for the funeral-pyre towards the good man_ (i.e. to the place where the

dead Beówulf lay), 3115.

geáp, adj., _roomy, extensive, wide_: nom. sg. reced ... geáp, _the roomy

hall_, 1801; acc. sg. under geápne hrôf, 837.--Comp.: horn-, sæ-geáp.

geâr, st. n., _year_: nom. sg., 1135; gen. pl. geâra, in adverbial sense,

olim, _in former times_, 2665. See un-geâra.

geâr-dagas, st. m. pl., _former days_: dat. pl. in (on) geâr-dagum, 1,

1355.

geofe. See gifu.

geofon, gifen, gyfen (see Kuhn Zeitschr. I. 137), st. n., _sea, flood_:

nom. sg. geofon, 515; gifen geótende, _the streaming flood_, 1691; gen. sg.

geofenes begang, 362; gyfenes, 1395.

geogoð, st. f.: 1) _youth, time of youth_: dat. sg. on geogoðe, 409, 466,

2513; on giogoðe, 2427; gen. gioguðe, 2113.--2) contrasted with duguð, _the

younger warriors of lower rank_ (about as in the Middle Ages, the squires

with the knights): nom. sg. geogoð, 66; giogoð, 1191; acc. sg. geogoðe,

1182; gen. duguðe and geogoðe, 160; duguðe and iogoðe (geogoðe), 1675, 622.

geoguð-feorh, st. n., _age of youth_, i.e. age in which one still belongs

in the ranks of the geogoð: on geogoð- (geoguð-) feore, 537, 2665.

geohðo. See gehðo.

geolo, adj., _yellow_: acc. sg. geolwe linde (_the shield of yellow linden

bark_), 2611.

geolo-rand, st. m., _yellow shield_ (shield with a covering of interlaced

yellow linden bark): acc. sg., 438.

geond, prep. w. acc., _through, throughout, along, over_: geond þisne

middangeard, _through the earth, over the earth_, 75; wide geond eorðan,

266, 3100; fêrdon folctogan ... geond wîd-wegas, _went along the ways

coming from afar_, 841; similarly, 1705; geond þät säld, _through the hall,

through the extent of the hall_, 1281; similarly, 1982, 2265.

geong, adj., _young, youthful_: nom. sg., 13, 20, 855, etc.; giong, 2447;

w. m. se maga geonga, 2676; acc. sg. geongne gûðcyning, 1970; dat. sg.

geongum, 1949, 2045, 2675, etc.; on swâ geongum feore, _at a so youthful

age_, 1844; geongan cempan, 2627; acc. pl. geonge, 2019; dat. pl. geongum

and ealdum, 72.--Superl. gingest, _the last_: nom. sg. w. f. gingeste word,

2818.

georn, adj., _striving, eager_, w. gen. of the thing striven for: eft sîðes

georn, 2784.--Comp. lof-georn.

georne, adv., _readily, willingly_: þät him wine-mâgas georne hýrdon, 66;

georne trûwode, 670.--_zealously, eagerly_: sôhte georne äfter grunde,

_eagerly searched over the ground_, 2295.--_carefully, industriously_: nô

ic him þäs georne ätfealh (_held him not fast enough_), 969.--_completely,

exactly_: comp. wiste þê geornor, 822.

geó, iú, adv., _once, formerly, earlier_, 1477; gió, 2522; iú, 2460.

geóc, st. f., _help, support_: acc. sg. geóce gefremman, 2675; þät him

gâst-bona geóce gefremede wið þeód-þreáum, 177; geóce gelýfde, _believed in

the help_ (of Beówulf), 609; dat. sg. tô geóce, 1835.

geócor, adj., _ill, bad_: nom. sg., 766.--See Haupt's Zeitschrift 8, p. 7.

geó-man, iú-man, st. m., _man of former times_: gen. pl. iú-manna, 3053.

geó-meowle, w. f., (_formerly a virgin), wife_: acc. sg. ió-meowlan, 2932.

geômor, adj., _with depressed feelings, sad, troubled_: nom. sg. him wäs

geômor sefa, 49, 2420, 2633, 2951; môdes geômor, 2101; fem. þät wäs geômuru

ides, 1076.

geômore, adv., _sadly_, 151.

geômor-gid, st. n., _dirge_: acc. sg. giômor-gyd, 3151.

geômor-lîc, adj., _sad, painful_: swâ bið geômorlîc gomelum ceorle tô

gebîdanne þät..., _it is painful to an old man to experience it, that ..._,

2445.

geômor-môd, adj., _sad, sorrowful_: nom. sg., 2045, 3019; giômor-môd, 2268.

geômrian, w. v., _to complain, to lament_: pret. sg. geômrode giddum, 1119.

geó-sceaft, st. f., (_fixed in past times), fate_: acc. sg. geósceaft

grimme, 1235.

geósceaft-gâst, st. m., _demon sent by fate_: gen. pl. fela

geósceaft-gâsta, of Grendel and his race, 1267.

geótan, st. v. intrans., _to pour, to flow, to stream_: pres. part. gifen

geótende, 1691.

gicel, st. m., _icicle_: in comp. hilde-gicel.

gid, gyd, st. n., _speech, solemn alliterative song_: nom. sg. þær wäs ...

gid oft wrecen, 1066; leóð wäs âsungen, gleómannes gyd, _the song was sung,

the gleeman's lay_, 1161; þær wäs gidd and gleó, 2106; acc. sg. ic þis gid

âwräc, 1724; gyd âwräc, 2109; gyd äfter wräc, 2155; þonne he gyd wrece,

2447; dat. pl. giddum, 151, 1119; gen. pl. gidda gemyndig, 869.--Comp.:

geômor-, word-gid.

giddian, w. v., _to speak, to speak in alliteration_: pret. gyddode, 631.

gif, conj.: 1) _if_, w. ind., 442, 447, 527, 662, etc.; gyf, 945, etc. With

subj., 452, 594, 1482, etc.; gyf, 280, 1105, etc.--2) _whether_, w. ind.,

272; w. subj., 1141, 1320.

gifa, geofa, w. m., _giver_; in comp. gold-, sinc-, wil-gifa (-geofa).

gifan, st. v., _to give_: inf. giofan, 2973; pret. sg. nallas beágas geaf

Denum, 1720; he me [mâðmas] geaf, 2147; and similarly, 2174, 2432, 2624,

etc.; pret. pl. geâfon (hyne) on gârsecg, 49; pret. part. þâ wäs Hrôðgâre

here-spêd gyfen, 64; þâ wäs gylden hilt gamelum rince ... on hand gyfen,

1679; syððan ærest wearð gyfen ... geongum cempan (_given in marriage_),

1949.

â-gifan, _to give, to impart_: inf. andsware ... âgifan, _to give an

answer_, 355; pret. sg. sôna him se frôda fäder Ôhtheres ... ondslyht âgeaf

(_gave him a counter-blow_), (_hand-blow_?), 2930.

for-gyfan, _to give, to grant_: pret. sg. him þäs lîf-freá ... worold-âre

forgeaf, 17; þäm tô hâm forgeaf Hrêðel Geáta ângan dôhtor (_gave in

marriage_), 374; similarly, 2998; he me lond forgeaf, _granted me land_,

2493; similarly, 697, 1021, 2607, 2617; mägen-ræs forgeaf hilde-bille, _he

gave with his battle-sword a mighty blow_, i.e. he struck with full force,

1520.

of-gifan, (_to give up_), _to leave_: inf. þät se mæra maga Ecgþeówes

grund-wong þone ofgyfan wolde (_was fated to leave the earth-plain_), 2589;

pret. sg. þâs worold ofgeaf gromheort guma, 1682; similarly, gumdreám

ofgeaf, 2470; Dena land ofgeaf, 1905; pret. pl. näs ofgeâfon hwate

Scyldingas, _left the promontory_, 1601; þät þâ hildlatan holt ofgêfan,

_that the cowards left the wood_ (into which they had fled), 2847; sg.

pret. for pl. þâra þe þis [lîf] ofgeaf, 2252.

gifeðe, adj., _given, granted_: Gûðfremmendra swylcum gifeðe bið þät...,

_to such a warrior is it granted that_..., 299; similarly, 2682; swâ me

gifeðe wäs, 2492; þær me gifeðe swâ ænig yrfeweard äfter wurde, _if an

heir_, (living) _after me, had been given me_, 2731.--Neut. as subst.: wäs

þät gifeðe tô swîð, þe þone [þeóden] þyder ontyhte, _the fate was too harsh

that has drawn hither the king_, 3086; gyfeðe, 555, 820.--Comp. un-gifeðe.

gif-heal, st. f., _hall in which fiefs were bestowed, throne-hall_: acc.

sg. ymb þâ gifhealle, 839.

gif-sceat, st. m., _gift of value_: acc. pl. gif-sceattas, 378.

gif-stôl, st. m., _seat from which fiefs are granted, throne_: nom. sg.,

2328; acc. sg., 168.

gift, st. f., _gift, present_: in comp. feoh-gift.

gifu, geofu, st. f., _gift, present, grant; fief_: nom. sg. gifu, 1885 acc.

sg. gimfäste gife þe him god sealde, _the great gift that God had granted

him_ (i.e. the enormous strength), 1272; ginfästan gife þe him god sealde,

2183; dat. pl. (as instr.) geofum, 1959; gen. pl. gifa, 1931; geofena,

1174.--Comp.: mâððum-, sinc-gifu.

gigant, st. m., _giant_: nom. pl. gigantas, 113; gen. pl. giganta, 1563,

1691.

gild, gyld, st. n., _reparation_: in comp. wiðer-gyld(?).

gildan, gyldan, st. v., _to do something in return, to repay, to reward, to

pay_: inf. gomban gyldan, _pay tribute_, 11; he mid gôde gyldan wille

uncran eaferan, 1185; we him þâ gûðgeatwa gyldan woldon, 2637; pret. sg.

heaðoræsas geald mearum and mâðmum, _repaid the battles with horses and

treasures_, 1048; similarly, 2492; geald þone gûðræs ... Jofore and Wulfe

mid ofermâðmum, _repaid Eofor and Wulf the battle with exceedingly great

treasures_, 2992.

an-gildan, _to pay for_: pret. sg. sum sâre angeald æfenräste, _one_

(Äschere) _paid for the evening-rest with death's pain_, 1252.

â-gildan, _to offer one's self_: pret. sg. þâ me sæl âgeald, _when the

favorable opportunity offered itself_, 1666; similarly, þâ him rûm âgeald,

2691.

for-gildan, _to repay, to do something in return, to reward_: pres. subj.

sg. III. alwalda þec gôde forgylde, _may the ruler of all reward thee with

good_, 957; inf. þone ænne hêht golde forgyldan, _he ordered that the one_

(killed by Grendel) _be paid for_ (atoned for) _with gold_, 1055; he ...

wolde Grendle for-gyldan gûðræsa fela, _wished to pay Grendel for many

attacks_, 1578; wolde se lâða lîge forgyldan drinc-fät dýre, _the enemy

wished to repay with fire the costly drinking vessel_ (the theft of it),

2306; pret. sg. he him þäs leán forgeald, _he gave them the reward

therefore_, 114; similarly, 1542, 1585, 2095; forgeald hraðe wyrsan wrixle

wälhlem þone, _repaid the murderous blow with a worse exchange_, 2969.

gilp, gylp, st. m., _speech in which one promises great things for himself

in a coming combat, defiant speech, boasting speech_: acc. sg. häfde ...

Geát-mecga leód gilp gelæsted (_had fulfilled what he had claimed for

himself before the battle_), 830; nallas on gylp seleð fätte beágas, _gives

no chased gold rings for a boastful speech_, 1750; þät ic wið þone

gûðflogan gylp ofersitte, _restrain myself from the speech of defiance_,

2529; dat. sg. gylpe wiðgrîpan (_fulfil my promise of battle_),

2522.--Comp. dol-gilp.

gilpan, gylpan, st. v. w. gen., acc., and dat., _to make a defiant speech,

to boast, to exult insolently_: pres. sg. I. nô ic þäs gilpe (after a break

in the text), 587; sg. III. morðres gylpeð, _boasts of the murder_, 2056;

inf. swâ ne gylpan þearf Grendles maga ænig ... uhthlem þone, 2007; nealles

folc-cyning fyrdgesteallum gylpan þorfte, _had no need to boast of his

fellow-warrior_, 2875; pret. sg. hrêðsigora ne gealp goldwine Geáta, _did

not exult at the glorious victory_ (could not gain the victory over the

drake), 2584.

gilp-cwide, st. m., _speech in which a man promises much for himself for a

coming combat, speech of defiance_: nom. sg., 641.

gilp-hläden, pret. part., _laden with boasts of defiance_ (i.e. he who has

made many such boasts, and consequently has been victorious in many

combats), _covered with glory_: nom. sg. guma gilp-hläden, 869.

gilp-spræc, same as gilp-cwide, _speech of defiance, boastful speech_: dat.

sg. on gylp-spræce, 982.

gilp-word, st. n., _defiant word before the coming combat, vaunting word_:

gen. pl. gespräc ... gylp-worda sum, 676.

gim, st. m., _gem, precious stone, jewel_: nom. sg. heofones gim, _heaven's

jewel_, i.e. the sun, 2073. Comp. searo-gim.

gimme-rîce, adj., _rich in jewels_: acc. sg. gimme-rîce hord-burh häleða,

466.

gin (according to Bout., ginne), adj., properly _gaping_, hence, _wide,

extended_: acc. sg. gynne grund (_the bottom of the sea_), 1552.

gin-fäst, adj., _extensive, rich_: acc. sg. gim-fäste gife (gim-, on

account of the following _f_), 1272; in weak form, gin-fästan gife, 2183.

ginnan, st. v., original meaning, _to be open, ready_; in

on-ginnan, _to begin, to undertake_: pret. ôð þät ân ongan fyrene fremman

feónd on helle, 100; secg eft ongan sîð Beówulfes snyttrum styrian, 872; þâ

þät sweord ongan ... wanian, _the sword began to diminish_, 1606; Higelâc

ongan sînne geseldan ... fägre fricgean, _began with propriety to question

his companion_, 1984, etc.; ongon, 2791; pret. pl. nô her cûðlîcor cuman

ongunnon lindhäbbende, _no shield-bearing men e'er undertook more openly to

come hither_, 244; pret. part. häbbe ic mærða fela ongunnen on geogoðe,

_have in my youth undertaken many deeds of renown_, 409.

gist. See gäst.

gistran, adv., _yesterday_: gystran niht, _yesterday night_, 1335.

git, pron., _ye two_, dual of þu, 508, 512, 513, etc.

git, gyt, adv., _yet; then still_, 536, 1128, 1165, 2142; _hitherto_, 957;

næfre git, _never yet_, 583; _still_, 945, 1059, 1135; _once more_, 2513;

_moreover_, 47, 1051, 1867.

gitan (original meaning, _to take hold of, to seize, to attain_), in

be-gitan, w. acc., _to grasp, to seize, to reach_: pret. sg. begeat, 1147,

2231; þâ hine wîg beget, _when war seized him, came upon him_, 2873;

similarly, begeat, 1069; pret. pl. hit ær on þe gôde be-geâton, _good men

received it formerly from thee_, 2250; subj. sg. for pl. þät wäs Hrôðgâre

hreówa tornost þâra þe leódfruman lange begeâte, _the bitterest of the

troubles that for a long time had befallen the people's chief_, 2131.

for-gitan, w. acc., _to forget_: pres. sg. III. he þâ forðgesceaft forgyteð

and forgýmeð, 1752.

an-gitan, on-gitan, w. acc.: 1) _to take hold of, to grasp_: imp. sg.

gumcyste ongit, _lay hold of manly virtue, of what becomes the man_, 1724;

pret. sg. þe hine se brôga angeat, _whom terror seized_, 1292.--2) _to

grasp intellectually, to comprehend, to perceive, to distinguish, to

behold_: pres. subj. I. þät ic ærwelan ... ongite, _that I may behold the

ancient wealth_ (the treasures of the drake's cave), 2749; inf. säl timbred

... ongytan, 308, 1497; Geáta clifu ongitan, 1912; pret. sg. fyren-þearfe

ongeat, _had perceived their distress from hostile snares_, 14; ongeat ...

grund-wyrgenne, _beheld the she-wolf of the bottom_, 1519; pret. pl.

bearhtm ongeâton, gûðhorn galan, _perceived the noise_, (heard) _the

battle-trumpet sound_, 1432; syððan hie Hygelâces horn and býman gealdor

ongeâton, 2945.

gîfre, adj., _greedy, eager_: nom. sg. gîfre and galgmôd, of Grendel's

mother, 1278.--Superl.: lîg..., gæsta gîfrost, 1124.--Comp. heoro-gîfre.

gîtsian, w. v., _to be greedy_: pres. sg. III. gýtsað, 1750.

gio-, gió-. See geo-, geó-.

gladian, w. v., _to gleam, to shimmer_: pres. pl. III. on him gladiað

gomelra lâfe, _upon him gleams the legacy of the men of ancient times_

(armor), 2037.

gläd, adj., _gracious, friendly_ (as a form of address for princes): nom.

sg. beó wið Geátas gläd, 1174; acc. sg. glädne Hrôðgâr, 864; glädne

Hrôðulf, 1182; dat. sg. gladum suna Frôdan, 2026.

gläde, adv., _in a gracious, friendly way_, 58.

glädnian, w. v., _to rejoice_: inf. w. gen., 367.

gläd-môd, adj., _joyous, glad_, 1786.

glêd, st. f., _fire, flame_: nom. sg., 2653, 3115; dat. (instr.) pl.

glêdum, 2313, 2336, 2678, 3042.

glêd-egesa, w. m., _terror on account of fire, fire-terror_: nom. sg.

glêd-egesa grim (_the fire-spewing of the drake_), 2651.

gleáw (Goth, glaggwu-s), adj., _considerate, well-bred_, of social conduct;

in comp. un-gleáw.

gleó, st. n., _social entertainment_, (especially by music, play, and

jest): nom. sg. þær wäs gidd and gleó, 2106.

gleó-beám, st. m., _(tree of social entertainment, of music), harp._ gen.

sg. gleó-beámes, 2264.

gleó-dreám, st. _m., joyous carrying-on in social entertainment, mirth,

social gaiety_: acc. sg. gamen and gleó-dreám, 3022.

gleó-man, m., _(gleeman, who enlivens the social entertainment, especially

with music), harper_: gen. sg. gleómannes gyd, 1161.

glitinian (O.H.G. glizinôn), w. v., _to gleam, to light, to glitter_: inf.

geseah þâ ... gold glitinian, 2759.

glîdan, st. v., _to glide_: pret. sg. syððan heofones gim glâd ofer

grundas, _after heaven's gem had glided over the fields_ (after the sun had

set), 2074; pret. pl. glidon ofer gârsecg, _you glided over the ocean_

(swimming), 515.