Kél-tikkenéwen (different from the above mentioned tribe of the same
name) with Aíbasu ig (the son of) Ranni; Kél-egées with Lawis ig
Hawe-Tawát; Tezgógamet, with the chief Hamma-Hamma.
Kél-gasse, with Hamma.
Kél-n-ejíud with Sínnefel in Áribínda.
Tagagásset or Tagéggesát, with the chief Elláfi, very illfamed as
highway robbers.
Ibélghawen, with the chief Adékara.
Erátafán, in ancient times a most powerful and celebrated tribe, from
whom Hassan ben Ákil the forefather of the Udáya sprung, but at
present reduced and settled on the middle course of the Niger, where I
have described them (see p. 279.). Their chiefs are ʿOmár and Mohammed
el Ámín.
Tárka, a small fragment of a once powerful tribe, perhaps the Táriká
of Arab writers (see Vol. I. p. 226. n. [67]), at present settled
near Sínder on the Niger, where I have mentioned them, with the chief
Almuttu.
Ishedhénharen, with the chief Inteshékhen.
Imelíggizen (mentioned by me on my route along the Niger), with the
chiefs Warilkím and Ishawadéna.
Ebaíbaten.
Igwádaren, formerly when they were settled in Ázawád, a still more
powerful and totally independent tribe, with the chief Ákhbi ben
Sálem, who just at the time of my journey, when they were settled near
Bamba, attempted to regain his independence from his liege lord. This
tribe is subdivided into the following sections:—
Kél-gógi, the chief’s tribe, but having besides Ákhbi, another chief
of the name of Sadáktu, hostile to the former; Tarabanása, with the
chiefs Téni and Wóghdughu; Terféntik; Kél-tebánkorit, with the chief
Saúl; Kél-hekíkan, with the chiefs Síllekay, ʿAyúb, Knéha and Zobbi,
this little tribe presenting the most striking example of the
predatory and anarchical character of these nomadic hordes; Kél-
teghárart, with the chief Khátem (surnamed or nicknamed by the Arabs
El Gherfe); Kél-tabórit, with the chief Khébar (another section of
this tribe living with the Íregenáten); the Iwarághen or Aurághen,
another section of this widely scattered tribe which, once very
powerful, has now lost a great portion of its independence, with the
chief Khazza.
Among the Awelímmiden live also the Éhe-n-Dabósa, or Éhe-n-Eláli, with
the chiefs Elákhte, Mushtába, and El Mótelék, originally a section of
the Telamédes, a tribe of the Dinnik.
I now proceed to give a list of the degraded tribes, or _Imghád_, of the
Awelímmiden and Igwádaren.
Imedídderen, a tribe still very numerous, and not quite so much
degraded in the social life of these regions as the other tribes,
possessing even a good many horses, but formerly distinguished by
their power[85] as well as by their learning. It was this tribe,
together with the Ídenán, who founded the first settlement at the
place where, in course of time, the city of Timbúktu arose. Their
chiefs are Béle, El Ússere, and Khayár.