"Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection," Wallace's, i. 94,
250, 252, ii. 5, 6
Cooke, Kate, medium, ii. 193, 194, 195
Co-operation, Wallace on, ii. 151-2
Cope, E.D., ii. 47
Copley Medals awarded to Wallace, ii. 128, 222
Coral islands, Lyell on, ii. 22
"---- Reefs," Darwin's, ii. 2
---- snakes, i. 187
Crawford, Marion, one of Wallace's favourite authors, ii. 131
"Creation by Law," Wallace's article on, i. 188, 192, ii. 6
"Creative Thought," Sir Wm. Barrett's, ii. 212-13, 249
"Creed of Science," Graham's, i. 318
Croll, James, i. 242, 305, 313, ii. 5, 13
Crookes, Sir W., and psychical research, ii. 87, 189, 191, 205;
and Westminster Abbey memorial to Wallace, 253
Cross- and self-fertilisation, i. 169, 297, ii. 46
"Cross Unions of Dimorphic Plants," Darwin's, i. 218
"Crossing Plants," Darwin's, i. 296
Crotch, G., i. 262
D
"Darwin and After Darwin," Romanes', ii. 50
"---- and his Teachings," i. 170
"---- and 'The Origin,'" Poulton's, ii. 88 (note)
----, Charles, i. 1, 2;
birth of, 5;
autobiography, 5, 23 (note);
ancestors, 6;
at Shrewsbury Grammar School, 12;
natural history tastes, 12;
as angler, 12;
egg-collecting, 12;
humanity of, 13;
leaves Shrewsbury Grammar School, 15;
fondness for shooting, 16;
at Cambridge, 16;
medical studies, 16;
theological studies, 17, ii. 184;
tours in North Wales, i. 18;
beetle-hunting, 18, 114;
voyage in the _Beagle_, 18;
theory of Natural Selection, 102, 107;
reading, 103;
visits Maer and Shrewsbury, 103;
experiments, 103;
Huxley and, 104;
at work on Species and Varieties, 107;
at Down, 109;
receives presentation copy of Spencer's Essays, 124;
appreciation of Wallace's magnanimity, 134, 137, 139, 141, 153,
164, 242, 252, 287, 304;
falls from his horse, 243;
on Wallace's review of "Descent of Man," 260-2;
criticism of Wallace's "Geographical Distribution," 286, 289;
at Dorking, 288;
promotes memorial to City Corporation in favour of Wallace, 303;
acknowledgment of "Island Life," 307-8;
on migration of plants, 307 (note), 312;
memorial to Gladstone on behalf of Wallace, 313;
death of, 318
Darwin, Charles, letters to Wallace:
On "Law regulating Introduction of New Species," etc., i. 106, ii. 129;
on distribution of animals, i. 133;
on his "Origin of Species," etc., 134, 136;
on Wallace's "Zoological Geography of the Malay Archipelago," 137;
inviting Wallace's opinion of the "Origin," 139;
on protective adaptation of butterflies, 140;
on Press reviews of "Origin," 141, 144;
on theory of flight, 146;
on Wallace as reviewer, 148;
on Wallace's "Variation" and his paper on Man, 153;
on sexual selection, 159;
on Wallace's papers on pigeons and parrots, 160;
on the Aru pig, 162;
on the crested blackbird, etc., 163;
on Wallace's "Pigeons of Malay Archipelago" and dimorphism, 166;
on the non-blending of varieties, 169;
on the term "survival of the fittest," 174;
on sexual differences in fishes, 177;
on colour of caterpillars, 178;
on coloration and expression in man, 179;
on sexual selection and expression, 182;
on scheme for his work on Man, 183;
on laws of inheritance, etc., 185;
on Wallace's "Mimicry," 187;
on Wallace's reply to Duke of Argyll, 189;
on sexual selection and collateral points, 194;
on pangenesis and sterility of hybrids, 197;
on production of natural hybrids, etc., 201;
on sexual selection, 204, 206, 207;
on northern alpine flora, 211;
on Wallace's article on "Birds' Nests," and on mimetic butterflies, 212;
on Sir Clifford Allbutt's sperm-cell theory, and on female protected
butterflies, 214;
on Wallace's "Protective Resemblance," 216;
on dimorphic plants and colour protection, 220;
on the colour problem of birds, 225, 229, 231;
on fifth edition of "Origin of Species," 233;
on single variations, 234;
on Wallace's "Malay Archipelago," 235, 237, 240;
on Wallace's review of Lyell's "Principles," 242;
on baffling sexual characters, 245;
on Wallace's paper, "Geological Time," 250;
on Wallace's views on Man, 250, 251;
on Wallace's "Natural Selection," 252;
on Wallace's criticism of Bennett's paper, 253;
on his "Descent of Man" and St. G. Mivart, 257;
on Wallace's review of "Descent of Man," 260;
on Chauncey Wright's criticism of Mivart, 264;
on a _Quarterly_ review, 269, 291;
on Fritz Müller's letter on mimicry, 270;
on Dr. Bree, 271, 272;
on Bastian's "Beginnings of Life," 274, 278;
on ants, 279;
criticising Wallace's review of "Expression of the Emotions," 280;
on Spencer and politics, 283;
on Utricularia, 284;
on Wallace's "Geographical Distribution of Animals," 286, 289, 292;
on Wallace's article on Colours of Animals, etc., 299;
on Wallace's "Origin of Species and Genera," 304;
on Wallace's "Island Life," 307;
on land migration of plants, 312;
on memorial for Wallace pension, 314, 315;
on mimicry, 316;
on political economy and "Creed of Science," 318;
on land question, 319
----, Erasmus, i. 6; on the Wallace-Darwin episode, 127
---- Sir Francis, and "Life and Letters of Charles Darwin," i. 118, 119,
120, 122
---- Sir G., Expulsion theory of, ii. 180
----, Mr. Horace, letter from his father, on discoverers, ii. 242 (note)
---- Major Leonard, i. 145, 146
---- Dr. Robert Waring, i. 6, 18
"Darwinism," Wallace's, i, 212, 218, ii. 2, 14, 15, 75, 90, 109;
plan of, 15-17;
Spencer's objection to title, 47
Davos, Wallace's lecture at, ii. 204
Dawson, Sir J.W., attack on Natural Selection, i. 142
De Rougemont, Wallace on, ii. 76
De Vries on mutation, ii. 80, 96
Decaisne's paper on flora of Timor, i. 236
Deformities, article on, in Chambers's Encyclopedia, ii. 57
Dendrobium devonianum, i. 23
Denudation, theory of, i. 250, 309, ii. 71, 72, 73
Deposition, theory of, i. 309, ii. 72, 73
"Descent of Man," Darwin's, i. 152, 255, 259, 284, 289 (note), ii. 2, 34;
review in _Pall Mall Gazette_, i. 263;
in _Spectator_, 263
"Development of Human Races under Law of Natural Selection," Wallace's, ii.
6, 183
"Different Forms of Flowers and Plants of the Same Species," Darwin's, i.
298, ii. 2
Dimorphism, i. 167, 202, 220
Dipsomania, Wallace on, ii. 68
Discontinuous variation, ii. 62, 63
Disuse, physiological effects of, i. 69
Divining rod, experiments with, ii. 205, 206-8, 211
Dixey, Dr., ii. 79
Domestic selection (_see_ Selection, domestic)
Domestication, variation under, i. 192
Dowsing for water, etc., ii. 205, 206-8, 211
Dunraven, Lord, and psychical research, ii. 199
"Duration of Life," Weismann's, ii. 44, 45
Dyaks, i. 55, 59
E
Earl, W., on distribution of animals in Malay Archipelago, i. 138
"Early History of Mankind," Tylor's, i. 164, 165
Earth, formation of, ii. 179;
Wallace's views on, 168 _et seq._
"Earthworms," Darwin's, i. 320, ii. 2
Edinburgh, Darwin in, i. 16, 17
Education, Wallace's views of, ii. 147
Edwards, W.H., "Voyage up the Amazon," i. 25
Eight hours' day, Wallace on, ii. 156
"Encyclopedia of Plants," London's, i. 21, 23, 92
Entomological Society, i. 35;
discussion on mimicry at, 176;
Wallace's Presidential Address to, 126
Eocene Period, i. 308, 312
Epping Forest, superintendency of, Wallace and, i. 302-4, 306
Erotylidæ, i. 65
Erskine of Linlathen on evolution, ii. 228
"Essays on Evolution," Poulton's, ii. 61 (note), 79 (note), 84, 85
"---- upon Heredity," Weismann's, ii. 45, 51, 52
Eugenics, ii. 160, 246;
term disliked by Wallace, 150, 246;
and segregation of unfit, letter from Wallace on, 160
Evans, Miss, ii. 226
Evil, origin of, ii. 149
Evolution, theory of, Lamarck and, i. 1, 109;
Lyell and, 76, 142, 239;
as conceived in "Vestiges of Creation," 91, 92 (note) _et seq._;
Darwin and, 103 _et seq._, 122-4;
notable converts to, 137, 139, 141, 219, 221, 239;
Wallace's views on, 240, 256, 294, ii. 78, 94, 95;
Sir W.T. Thiselton-Dyer on, 97, 185.
(_See also_ Selection)
"---- and Adaptation," Morgan's, ii. 79
---- and Mendelism, Wallace on, ii. 93
"Evolution of the Stellar System, Researches on," ii. 178
"---- Theories of," Poulton's, ii. 61
"Evolutionist at Large," ii. 46
"Expanse of Heaven," Proctor's, ii. 80
"Exposition of Fallacies in the Hypotheses of Darwin," Bree's, i. 271
(note), 272-3
"Expression, Anatomy of," Bell's, i. 182
---- in the Malays, i. 182, 191
"---- of the Emotions," Darwin's, i. 279, ii. 2;
review of, i. 280-1
"Expressiveness of Speech, etc., in the Origin of Language," Wallace's,
ii. 65
F
Facsimile of Wallace's inscription on envelope containing his first
eight letters from Darwin, i. 128
Faraday on Spiritualism, ii. 188
Farmer, W.J., ii. 101
Farrer, Mr., i. 304
Fauna, British, i. 307
Felis of Timor, i. 138
Fellenberg and R.D. Owen, ii, 225
Ferns, Lawrence on, ii. 40
"Fertilisation of Orchids," Darwin's, i. 189 (note), ii. 2
---- self- and cross-, i. 169, 297, ii. 46
Finger-prints, Gallon's papers on, ii. 48-9
"First Principles," Spencer's, Wallace's admiration of, i. 125
Fish, sexual differences in, i. 178
Fisher, Mrs. (_see_ Buckley, Miss)
---- O., "Physics of the Earth's Crust," Wallace on, ii. 74
FitzRoy, Capt., i. 33
Flight, theory of, i. 145-6, ii. 25 _et seq._
Flora, endemic, ii. 43
"Floral Structures," Henslow's, ii. 46
Flourens' criticism of Darwin's theory, i. 160
Flowers, tropical, i. 238;
cleistogamic, 298
Flustra, Darwin's article on larvæ of, i. 16
Forbes, Dr. Henry, ii. 12 (note);
estimation of Wallace, 229-33, 239
---- Prof., i. 96, 99, 100, 132, 139, 189, 248
Forel and Darwin, i, 294, 296
"Forms of Flowers," Darwin's, i. 298
Fossils, i. 20
"Foundations," Sir F. Darwin's, ii. 92
Free trade and monopoly, Wallace's views on, ii. 152
"Freeland," Wallace's opinion of, ii. 114
"Fuel of the Sun," M. Williams's, i. 263-4
G
Galapagos Islands, i. 97, 103;
fauna of, i. 295, ii. 13
Galaxias, i. 290
Galton, Sir Francis, on heredity, ii. 45;
on organic stability, 60;
introduces term Eugenics, 246
---- letter from, on finger-marks, ii. 48-9
Gärtner, i. 195
Geach, C., i. 79, 191, 245
Geddes, Prof. Patrick, ii. 12 (note), 41, 43
Geikie, Sir A., i. 122, ii. 71, 253
General Enclosure Act, ii. 140
"Genesis of Species," Mivart's, i. 257, 264, 265-7, 291, ii. 31
Geodephaga, exotic, i. 69
Geographical distribution and biology, Wallace's writings on, ii. 1-17;
correspondence on, 18-102
"---- ---- of Animals," Wallace's, i. 42, 286, ii. 1-2, 8, 32, 233,
286-7, 289-94
"---- ---- of Mammals," Murray's, i. 181
"---- ---- of Plants," Sir W.T. Thiselton-Dyer's, ii. 90
Geographical distribution of plants and animals, i. 94, 95, ii. 13
Geography, old-time teaching of, i. 11;
organic, 95;
zoological, ii. 9
"Geological Climates and the Origin of Species," Wallace's, ii. 5
---- distribution of plants and animals, i. 94, 95, 136
"---- History of Man," Lyell's, i. 142
"---- Observations on South America," Darwin's, ii. 2
---- time, Wallace's paper on, i. 249
Geology, Darwin's studies in, i. 16, 17
George, Rt. Hon. D. Lloyd, Wallace's letter to, on the railway strike,
ii. 163;
Wallace's admiration of, 164-5, 249
---- Henry, i. 17, 317;
meets Wallace, ii. 143
"Germ Plasm," Weismann's, ii. 72
"Germinal Selection," Weismann's, ii. 68, 70
Glacial period, theory of, i. 149, 176, 177, 248, 251, 287, 298, 307,
308-10, ii. 6, 13
Gladstone, W.E., recommends Wallace for a pension, i. 313
---- letter from, on onomatopoeia, ii. 66-7
Gould, Dr. Aug., on land shells, i. 133
----, John, list of humming-birds, ii. 23;
Sclater's distrust of, 24
Graham's "Creed of Science," i. 318
Grant, Dr., article on Flustra, i. 16;
advocacy of Evolution by, 122
Granville, Lord, ii. 67
Gray, Asa, i. 76, 139;
defends Darwin, 142
Great Exhibition of 1862, i. 79
Greenell, Mary Ann (Mrs. T.V. Wallace), i. 9
Growth, economy of, ii. 53
Gurney, Edmund, and telepathy, ii. 200
H
Habinaria, i. 311
"Habit and Intelligence," Murphy's, i. 246, 249
Haeckel, Prof., and the Darwin-Wallace Jubilee, i. 120
Hall, John, sends Wallace orchids from Buenos Ayres, ii. 129
---- Spencer, lectures on mesmerism, ii. 182
Hardinge, Mrs., medium, ii. 188, 189
Hare, Prof. A., ii. 57
Hart, Capt., i. 79
Haughton, Prof. S., criticises Darwin's "Origin of Species," i. 142;
on "The Bee's Cell and Origin of Species," 148
Haweis, Rev. H.R., ii. 204
Hayward, Mr., i. 21, 92
Heliconiidæ, i. 65
Helmes, L.V., reminiscences of Wallace's visit to Sarawak, i. 38-40
Hemsley, Dr. W.B., ii. 43
Henderson, Rev. J.B., ii. 209
Henslow, Prof., Darwin's friendship with, i. 17;
defends Darwin, 142
Herdman, Mr., inaugural address to Liverpool Biological Society, ii. 45
Heredity, Weismann's essays on, ii. 44-5, 51;
Galton on, 45
Herschel, Sir J., i. 17
Hertford Grammar School, i. 11, 14
Heterogenesis, i. 274 (note), 275, 278
Heterostyled plants, illegitimate offspring of, i. 298
Hodgson's Psychical Research Report, ii. 203
Holland, Sir H., on pangenesis, i. 197
Holmes, T. Rice, ii. 86
Home, D.D., medium, ii. 189, 199
Home Rule, Wallace's advocacy of, ii. 152
Homer, onomatopoeic examples in, ii. 66, 67
Honeycomb sent by Wallace to Darwin, i. 143
Hooker, Sir Joseph, birth of, i. 5, 76;
on oak trees, 56;
and the Darwin-Wallace joint paper, 71, 111, 113, 119, 134, 136, 137,
139;
receives the Darwin-Wallace Medal, 117;
speech at Darwin-Wallace jubilee, 117;
Darwin's appreciation of, 135, 137;
introduction to "Flora of Australia," 139;
on pangenesis, 197;
visits Darwin at Freshwater, 219;
signs memorial to City Corporation in Wallace's favour, 303;
opinion on Wallace's "Island Life," 307
----, Sir Joseph, letters from:
on "Island Life," ii. 32-3;
acknowledging Wallace's "Life," etc., 82-3
Hopkins's review of the "Origin of Species," i. 144
Hopkinson, Prof. A., and Spiritualism, ii. 200
Howorth, Sir H.H., on subsidence and elevation of land, i. 277
Hubrecht, Prof., ii. 80;
alleges differences between Darwin and Wallace, 87
Hudson's "Scientific Demonstration of a Future Life," ii. 203
Huggins, Sir W., and psychical research, ii. 198, 199
Hughes, Hugh Price, Wallace's opinion of, ii. 204
---- letter from, on Wallace's "Justice, not Charity," ii. 157
Humboldt's "Personal Narrative," i. 17, 164, 238
Humming-birds, ii. 23, 24
Huxley, T.H., i. 1, 5, 76, 116, 137;
meets Wallace, 35;
appreciation of Wallace, 94;
first interview with Darwin, 104;
and Herbert Spencer, 123;
and the memorial to Gladstone as to a pension for Wallace, 313;
and psychical research, ii. 198;
opinion as to Wallace joining Royal Society, 220;
on Henslow, 251
---- letters from, declining Wallace's invitation to investigate
"curious phenomena," ii. 187-8
Hybrids, sterility of, i. 130, 195 _et seq._;
and Natural Selection, 195 _et seq._;
infertility of, 297
Hyder, Mr. J., ii. 161, 252
Hyndman, Mr. H.M., letter from, acknowledging Wallace's birthday
congratulations, ii. 164
I
"Ice-Marks in North Wales," Wallace's, i. 177
"Illustrations of British Insects," i. 23 (note)
"Immigration of Norwegian Flora," Blytt's, i. 293
Immortality, Wallace's views on, ii. 176
Indian Mutiny, i. 68
Indians, American, Bates's opinion of, ii. 29
Individual adaptability and natural selection, ii. 55
"Insectivorous Plants," Darwin's, i. 284, 285, ii. 2
Insects, migration of, Lyell on, ii. 19;
theory of flight, 26
Instinct, Archdall Reid's views of, ii. 67
"---- in Man and Animals," Wallace's, ii. 6
"Introduction to Study of Natural Philosophy," Herschel's, i. 17
"Is Mars Habitable?" Wallace's, ii. 172
"Island Life," Wallace's, i. 42, 305, 306-7, ii. 5, 12-14, 32, 33, 72, 75
Islands, continental, i. 305, ii. 12
---- oceanic, i. 138, 210-12, 305, ii. 12
J
Jameson's lectures on geology and zoology in Edinburgh, i. 16
Janet's "Materialism of the Present Day," i. 170, 172, 173, 175
Jardine, Sir W., criticism of "Origin of Species," i. 142
Java, birds of, i. 87;
flora of, 86;
mountains of, 85-6;
volcanoes of, 85, 86
Jencken, Mrs., ii. 198
Jenkin, Fleeming, on limitations to variation, i. 190;
Darwin on, 233, 234;
Wallace on, 234
Jensen and De Rougemont, ii. 76
Jessopp, Rev. Augustus, letter on land nationalisation, ii. 157
Joan of Arc, works on, ii. 204
Jones, Sir Rupert, on Miocene or Old Pliocene Man in India, ii. 62
---- Mr. W. Braunston, birthday ode by, ii. 248
Jordan, Mr., ii. 129
Josiah Mason College, Birmingham, Wallace and, i. 306
"Journal of Researches," Darwin's, i. 18, 25, 37, 43
Judd, John W., and Wallace medallion, ii. 253
Jukes, J.B., a supporter of Darwin, i. 141
K
Kane, Mrs., ii. 198
Keltie, Dr. J. Scott, on Wallace's exploration in Brazil, i. 29
Kelvin, Lord (_see_ Thomson, Sir W.)
Kempe, Sir A.B., signs petition for Wallace memorial, ii. 253
Keyerling and the Darwinian theory, i. 141
Kidd, Mr. Benjamin, and "equality of opportunity," ii. 158
Kingsley, Canon, letter to Wallace on "Malay Archipelago," ii. 30-1
Knight, Prof., ii. 176;
his reminiscences of Wallace, 228
Knollys, Lord, ii. 223
Kolreuter, i. 195
Krefft, Dr. G., i. 316
Kropotkin, Prince, "Memoirs of a Revolutionist," i. 89
L
Lamarck and Evolution, i. 1, 109, 242
Lambs, instincts of, ii. 54
Land laws, Wallace and, ii. 140
---- molluscs, Darwin on, i. 131, 132, 287, 292
---- nationalisation, Wallace and, ii. 141
---- ---- Society, foundation of, ii. 143
"---- ----," Wallace's, i. 317, ii. 109, 143
---- shells, i. 132, 133, 262
---- Tenure Reform Association, Wallace and, ii. 143
Lankester, Sir E. Ray, receives Darwin-Wallace Medal and speaks at
Jubilee celebration, i. 121;
replies to a Darwin Centenary article in the _Times_, ii. 89;
a signatory to Wallace memorial petition, 253
Larmor, Sir J., and Wallace national memorial, ii. 253
"Law regulating Introduction of New Species," Wallace's, i. 93, 94, 105,
129, ii. 6, 21
Le Gallienne, Mr., meets Wallace, ii. 204
Lecky's "Rationalism," Darwin on, i. 164;
Wallace on, 165-6
"Lectures on Man," Lawrence's, i. 91
Legge, Col., conveys to Wallace the Order of Merit, ii. 224
Lemuria, continent of, i. 289
Lepidoptera, colour-adaptability in, ii. 56
Lewes, G.H., and pangenesis, i. 220;
and origin of species, 221
Leyden Museum, i. 87
"Lhasa," Waddell's, ii. 82
Life after death, Wallace's belief in, ii. 181
"---- and Habit," Samuel Butler's, ii. 102
"---- and Letters of Charles Darwin," i. 118, 119, 120, 122-3, 127,
260 (note), 263 (note), 273 (note), 274 (note), ii. 184
----, origin of, Spencer on, i. 125-6
---- ---- Wallace's views on, ii. 168
"Limits of Natural Selection as applied to Man," Wallace's, ii. 6
Lindley, Dr., "Elements of Botany," i. 21;
article on orchids by, 23
Linnean Society, Darwin-Wallace communication to, i. 71, 89, 109, 118,
122;
Jubilee of event, 110 _et seq._, ii. 127
Lip-expression, efficacy of, ii. 67
Littledale, Dr., reminiscences of Wallace, ii. 132-3, 136
Lock's "Variation, Heredity, and Evolution," ii. 84
Lodge, Sir Oliver, reply to Haeckel, ii. 83;
Romanes lecture, 178-80;
address at Psychical Research Society, 205;
and the national memorial to Wallace, 253
Lombok, fauna of, ii. 19, 20
Lönnberg, Prof., i. 122
"Looking Backward," ii. 114
Lophura viellottii, i. 230
Loudon's "Encyclopedia of Plants," i. 21, 23, 92
Lowell, Prof. Percival, "Mars and its Canals," ii. 172, 175-7
Lubbock, Sir John (_see_ Avebury, Lord)
Lunn, Sir H., meets Wallace, ii. 204
Lyell, Sir C., birth of, i. 5;
and the Darwin-Wallace joint essay, 71, 109, 111, 113, 118, 119,
134, 136, 139, ii. 19;
as Evolutionist, i. 76, 142, 239;
on extinction of species, 98;
and Wallace's "Law regulating Introduction of New Species," 132;
defends Darwin, 142;
on pangenesis, 200;
and the "Fuel of the Sun," 263
---- letters from:
on "Origin of Races of Man," ii. 18;
on geographical distribution, 19;
on Wallace's "Law regulating Introduction of Species," etc., 21;
on humming-birds, shells, etc., 23;
on Wallace's "Mimicry of Colours," 25;
on diversity of human races, 28-9;
on Wallace's "Malay Archipelago," 30;
on Wallace's "Geographical Distribution," 32
Lyell, Sir Leonard, i. 120
Lythrum, trimorphism of, i. 161, 169
M
McAndrew, Mr., on littoral shells of the Azores, ii. 24
Macmahon, Dr. P.A., and the Wallace medallion, ii. 253
Madagascar, i. 290 (note);
fauna of, 188, 189, 192, 293, 295;
flora of, 311-13
Madeira, land shells in, i. 132;
birds in, 138
"Maha Bharata," Wallace's appreciation of, ii. 116
Malaria, Wallace on, ii. 241
Malay Archipelago, Wallace's explorations in, i. 35-42;
distribution of animals in, 138
"---- ----," Wallace's, i. 42, 121, 133, 140, 235, 237; ii. 30,
143, 159, 230, 231;
translations of, i. 245
"Malayan Papilionidæ," Wallace's, i. 153, ii. 4, 6, 231
Malthus on "Population," i. 103, 104, 111, 116, 136, 175, 317
Man, influence of sexual selection on, i. 154, 155, 180, 181, 182, 183;
geographical distribution of, 156;
zoological classification of, 157;
original colour of, ii. 29.
----, origin of, Darwin's views of, i. 154-5, 243
(_see also_ "Descent of Man")
---- ---- Wallace's views of, i. 91-2, 152-3, 155 _et seq._, 221,
240, 243, 250, 256, ii. 31
"Man's Place in the Universe," ii. 102, 120, 167, 170 _et seq._, 178
Mantegazza, colour theory of, i. 299
Marchant, James, ii. 100;
and the Wallace memorial, ii. 253;
letter from Bishop Ryle to, 254
"Mars," Wallace's, ii. 122, 172-3, 175-7
"---- and its Canals," Lowell's, ii. 172, 175-7
Marshall, Mr. J.W., ii. 53, 209, 226
---- Dr. W., i. 279
Martineau, James, Darwin on Spencer's reply to, i. 272
"Material for Study of Variation," Bateson's, ii. 60-1
"Materialism of the Present Day," Janet's, i. 170, 172, 173, 175
Maternal impressions, ii. 57-8
Matthew, P., anticipates theory of Natural Selection, i. 116, 142
Maw, Mr., reviews "Origin of Species," i. 144
Melastoma, i. 150, 151
Meldola, Prof. Raphael, lecture on Evolution by, i. 123;
death of, ii. 35;
criticism of Romanes' theory, 36;
on importance of "divergence," 41-2;
President of Entomological Society, 63;
reminiscences of Wallace, 226;
at Wallace's funeral, 252;
and the Abbey memorial, 253
Mendelism, ii. 84;
Dr. Archdall Reid's view of, 85;
and Evolution, Wallace on, 93
Menura superba, i. 183 (note)
Mesmerism, Wallace and, i. 24, ii. 182
Meyer, Dr. Adolf Bernhard, i. 248, 249
Mias, i. 53, 56, 57, ii. 30
Mill, John Stuart, invites Wallace to join Land Tenure Reform
Association, ii. 143
Mill's "Siege of the South Pole," ii. 82
Miller, Mr. Ben R., letter to, ii. 98
Mimetic butterflies, i. 167, 168, 176, 178, 179, 189 (note), 200,
213, 217, 224, 254, 300
"Mimicry, and Other Protective Resemblances," Wallace's, ii. 6, 8, 25
"---- and Protective Colouring," Wallace's, i. 179, 187
---- Bates's theory of, i. 225
---- Darwin on, i. 316
----, Wallace on, i. 167 (note), 168-9, 176
Miocene Period, i. 294, 308, 309, 312
"Miracles and Modern Spiritualism," Wallace's, ii. 11, 178, 183
Missionaries, Wallace's and Darwin's impressions of, compared, i. 36-8;
Wallace on, 47, 50, 62-3
Mitten, Miss, ii. 252
---- Mr. William, ii. 35, 253
Mivart, St. G., controversy with Mr. G. Darwin, i. 291;
his "Genesis of Species," 257-8, 264, 265-7, ii. 31
Moluccas, birds of, ii. 3
Monistic theory, ii. 177
Monkeys, influence of, on distribution of pigeons and parrots,
i. 166 (note), 167
Monopoly and free trade, Wallace on, ii. 152
"More Letters," i. 127, 195, 288 (note), 312 (note)
Morgan, Prof. Lloyd, Wallace on, ii. 67, 68
---- T.H., "Evolution and Adaptation," ii. 79
Morley, Mr. John (Lord), correspondence with, ii. 159
Morton, Dr., on American race problem, ii. 28
Moths, Jenner Weir's observations on, i. 179
Mott, Mr., on Haeckel, i. 298;
on progression of races, ii. 86
Mould, formation of, by agency of earthworms, i. 319
Mount Ophir (Malay), i. 51
Mouth-gesture as factor in origin of language, ii. 65
"Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants," Darwin's, i. 285, 311, ii. 2
Mailer, Fritz, "Für Darwin," i. 164;
on mimetic butterflies, 189 (note), 270, 300
---- Hermann, i. 189 (note)
Murchison, Sir Roderick, and Wallace, i. 36;
on Africa, 159
Murphy, Mr. M.J., ii. 164
Murphy's "Habit and Intelligence," Wallace's review of, i. 246, 249
Murray, Andrew, attacks Darwin's "Origin of Species," i. 142;
opposes Trimen's views on mimetic butterflies, 201
Murray's "Geographical Distribution of Mammals," i. 181
Mutation theory, ii. 79, 84
"My Life," Wallace's, i. 6, 10 (note), 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 29-30,
92 (note), 107, 125, 126, 127, 178, 253, 307 (note), 312 (note),
ii. 4, 5, 11, 12, 14, 81, 82, 149, 178, 202
Myers, F.W.H., and telepathy, ii. 200, 202;
on Wallace as lecturer, 202
---- letter from, on Vaccination pamphlet, the "Malay Archipelago," etc.,
ii. 202-3
N
Nägeli's essay on Natural Selection, i. 241
Nathusius on the Aru pig, i. 162
Natural Selection (_see_ Selection, natural)
"---- ---- Action of, in producing Old Age, Decay, and Death," Wallace's,
ii. 44
"---- ---- Contributions to the Theory of," Wallace's, i. 94, 250, 252,
ii. 5, 6
"---- ---- from a Mathematical Point of View," Bennett's, i. 253
Nebular hypothesis, Spencer's, i. 151;
Wallace on, ii. 174
Neo-Lamarckians, ii. 47, 60, 64
New Zealand, aborigines of, i. 239;
colonisation of, 290;
fauna and flora of, 291, 295, 305, 307, ii. 20, 33, 34
"Newton of Natural History," the, i. 76
Newton, Prof. A., i. 105, ii. 8, 36
"Nicaragua," Belt's, ii. 36
Non-inheritance of acquired characters, ii. 44-5, 54, 70, 71, 72, 73;
Prof. Poulton's address on, 79
Norman, Dr., and Wallace, ii. 137
Norris, Dr. Richard, i. 244, ii. 136
---- Miss, ii. 136
"Norwegian Flora, Immigration of," Blytt's, i. 293
O
Oceanic islands, colonisation of, i. 132, 133, 138, 290;
flora of, 210-212, 305
Onomatopoeia, ii. 66
Orang-utans, i. 53, 56, 57, ii. 30
"Orchids," Darwin's, i. 143, 297
---- Wallace's admiration of, i. 23, ii. 114;
epiphytal, i. 23;
of the Azores, 311
"Origin of Species," Darwin's, i. 67, 72, 76-8, 112, 121, 124, 125,
129, 134, 136, 139, 141, 146, 164, 174, 176, 224, 240, 241,
244, 246, 264-5, 271, ii. 1, 2, 77;
reviews of, i. 142, 144
---- ---- (_see_ Selection)
"---- ---- and Genera," Wallace's, i. 304
"---- of the Fittest," Cope's, ii. 47
"---- of the Races of Man," Wallace's, ii. 18
Ornithoptera croesus, i. 41
---- poseidon, i. 42
Orr, Henry B., ii. 60
Osborn, Prof. H.F., on Wallace, ii. 239
Ostriches, Wallace on, i. 145;
Darwin on, 146-7
Owen, Sir R., Darwin's opinion of, i. 139;
attacks Darwin's theory, 142, 144, 157, 199
---- Robert, and Wallace, i. 15, ii. 139, 148, 182, 225
---- Robert Dale, ii. 225
P
Pacific Islands, land shells in, i. 133
Pain, Wallace on, ii. 244
Pangenesis, i. 196 _et seq._, 219, 220, 276, ii. 102
Panmixia, ii. 52, 53
Papilio, polymorphic species of, i. 168
---- sarpedon choredon, i. 316
"Papilionidæ of the Malay Region," Wallace's, i. 153, ii. 4, 6, 231
Para, Wallace at, i. 26, 29;
products of, 27
Parrots, Wallace's paper on, i. 160, ii. 4
"Passerine Birds," Wallace's, ii. 231
Pastrana, Julia, i. 181
Patagonia, plains of, i. 32
"Permanence of Oceanic Basins," Wallace's, ii. 74
Permian period, i. 290
Perry, John, and Wallace national memorial, ii. 253
"Personal Narrative," Humboldt's, i. 17, 164, 238
Pheasants, Argus, i. 230, 289, 292
"Phenomena of Variation and Geographical Distribution," Wallace's, i. 153
Phillips' attack on Darwin's "Origin of Species," i. 142
Phrenology, Wallace's belief in, i. 24, ii. 237
"Physical Geography of the Malay Archipelago," Wallace's, ii. 232
"---- History of Man," Prichard's, i. 91, 116, ii. 73
"Physics of the Earth's Crust," Fisher's, ii. 74
Physiological selection (_see_ Selection, physiological)
Pickard-Cambridge, Rev. O., reminiscences of Wallace, ii. 131
Pictet, Prof. F.J., reviews the "Origin of Species," i. 141, 144
Pigeons, domestic, i. 130
"---- of the Malay Archipelago," Wallace's, i. 166, ii. 4
"Plants, Crossing," Darwin's, Wallace on, i. 296-7
---- geographical distribution of, i. 94;
effect of climatic conditions on, 130;
heterostyled, 298;
migration of, 307 (note), 310, 311-12, 313-14, ii. 32, 34-5;
Lyell on migration of, 19-20;
variety of form and habit in, 54
"Plants of India and Indo-Oceanic Continent," Blandford's, i. 290
Pleistocene Period, i. 308
Pliocene Period, i. 292, 294, ii. 22
Podmore, Frank, effect on, of Hodgson's Psychical Research report,
ii. 203;
report by, in _Proceedings_ of Psychical Research Society, 204;
proposed as President, 211
Polymorphism, Wallace on, i. 168
"Population, Essay on," Malthus's, i. 103, 104, 111, 116, 136, 175, 317
"---- Theory of," Spencer's, i. 124
Poulton, Prof., and Weismann's "Essays upon Heredity," ii. 44-6;
paper on colours of larva, pupa, etc., 54;
appointed Hope Professor of Zoology in Oxford University, 57;
exposure of an American Neo-Lamarckian by, 60;
Presidential Address to British Association, Wallace's criticism of, 71;
Presidential Address to Entomological Society, 79;
on Wallace, 227;
at funeral of Wallace, 252;
and the Westminster Abbey memorial, 253
Poverty, Wallace's views on, ii. 145 _et seq._
"Power of Movement in Plants," Darwin's, i. 311, ii. 2
Prain, Sir D., and Wallace memorial in Westminster Abbey, ii. 253
"Prehistoric Times," Lubbock's, i. 164, 165-6
"Present Evolution of Man, The," Archdall Reid's, ii. 67, 73
Price, Prof. B., formally offers D.C.L. degree to Wallace, ii. 217
Prichard's "Physical History of Man," i. 91, 116, ii. 73
Primula, Darwin's paper on, i. 218
"Principles of Geology," Lyell's, i. 135, ii. 5
"---- of Psychology," Spencer's, i. 123
"---- of Sociology," Spencer's, i. 126
Proctor, R.A., i. 263; "Expanse of Heaven," ii. 180
"Progress and Poverty," Henry George's, i. 317, 318, ii, 143
Protection, principle of, i. 140, 177, 184, 186, 189, 192, 199, 205,
212 _et seq._, 214 _et seq._, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224,
226 _et seq._, 235-6, 252, 256, 257-9, 270, 291, 299-300
(_see also_ Coloration, protective, _and_ Mimicry)
"Protective Resemblance," Wallace's, i. 214
"---- Value of Colour and Markings in Insects," ii. 38
Protoplasm, origin of, Sir W. Thiselton-Dyer on, ii. 96-7
"Psychic Philosophy," Desertis's, ii. 203
Psychical research, Wallace and, ii. 181, 186 _et seq._, 196, 199
---- ---- Society, foundation of, ii. 196
Pteropus edulis, i. 54
Purdon, Dr., ii. 195
R
Ramsay, Andrew, Darwin on, i. 141
---- Sir Wm., and Wallace national memorial, ii. 253
Rathbone, Reginald B., reminiscences of Wallace, ii. 124-7
"Rationalism," Lecky's, i. 164-6
"Regression to the mean," ii. 69
Reichenbach, experiments of, with sensitives, ii. 196, 197
"Reign of Law," Duke of Argyll's, ii. 23
"Researches," Prichard's, i. 91, 116, ii. 73
"---- on Evolution of Stellar Systems," ii. 179-80
"Revolt of Democracy," Wallace's, ii. 104, 144, 145, 251
Rhynchæa, i. 183, 184
Rice, Dr. Hamilton, survey of Uaupés River, i. 29
Ridgeway, Dr., Bishop of Salisbury, ii. 252
Ridley, Mr. H.N., ii. 76
Ripon, Lord, i. 277
Rogers, H.D., Darwin on, i. 141
Romanes, G.J.:
theory of physiological selection, i. 218, ii. 36;
Meldola's criticism of, 36, 49-50;
Wallace's criticism of, 63 _et seq._;
his accusation against Wallace, 235-7
"Root Principles," Child's, ii. 83
Rothschild, the Hon. Lionel (Lord), Wallace's admiration of his
butterflies, ii. 88, 129
Royal Geographical Society, and exploration of Uaupés River, i. 29
---- Institute, the, Wallace's lecture at, ii. 87, 127, 222
Rudimentary organs, i. 100
Russell, Mr. Alfred, letter to, ii. 158
Russia, Czar of, manifesto of, ii. 158
---- Wallace on, ii. 161
Rütimeyer, researches on mammals in Switzerland by, i. 251
Ryle, Bishop, and the medallion of Wallace, 254;
sermon at its unveiling, 254-5
S
Sadong River, Wallace's exploration of, i. 93
Salisbury, Bishop of, at funeral of Wallace, ii. 252
---- Marquis of, view of Natural Selection, ii. 59, 60;
translation of his address, 65
Santiago, Darwin at, i. 34
Sarawak, Wallace in, i. 28, 38-40, 93, 106
Scandinavia, distribution of plants in, i. 293
Schaffhausen, Dr., almost anticipates Natural Selection, i. 142
"Scientific Aspect of the Supernatural," Wallace's, ii. 186
"---- Demonstration of a Future Life," Hudson's, ii. 203
Sclater, P.H., on Wallace's "Malay Archipelago," i. 139-140;
and Lemuria, 290 (note);
division of earth into zoological regions, ii. 8;
distrust of Gould, 24
Scott, Dr. Dukinfield H., speech at presentation of Darwin-Wallace Medals,
i. 110-112;
at Wallace's funeral, ii. 252;
and the Wallace memorial in Westminster Abbey, 254
Scott's "Antarctic Voyage," ii. 82
Sedgwick, Prof., and Darwin, i. 17, 18;
attacks Darwin at Cambridge Philosophical Society, 142
See, T.J.J., ii. 179-80
Seeman, Berthold, i. 199, 201, 210, 211
Segregation of the unfit, Wallace on, ii. 160-1, 246
Selection, domestic, i. 130, 134, 136, 160, 161, 167, 181, 183,
186, 189 (note), 192, 208, 215, 226, 228, 231, 257, 299
---- natural, theory of, i. 155, 156, 170 _et seq._, 195
_et seq._, 218, 240, 267, 298, 301, ii. 16-17, 63, 75,
94, 96, 98, 101, 150;
discovery of, i. 2, 89-126;
anticipations of, 116, 142, 176;
Spencer's alternative term for, 125, 171;
Lord Salisbury's conception of, ii. 59, 60, 65;
Neo-Lamarckians and, 64
---- physiological, Romanes' theory of, i. 218, ii. 36, 49-50, 63
_et seq._, 235-7
---- sexual, i. 157, 159, 177, 179, 182, 185-6, 194, 199, 203, 204, 212
_et seq._, 216-17, 220, 224-5, 227 _et seq._, 256, 261,
298, 299
Self-fertilisation, i. 169, 297, ii. 46
"Shall we have Common Sense?" Sleeper's, ii. 98, 99
Sharpe, Mr. J.W., reminiscences of Wallace, ii. 107-9
Shells, Lyell on, ii. 24
Shipley, Dr. A.E., and Wallace medallion in Westminster Abbey, ii. 253
Shrewsbury Grammar School, Darwin and, i. 12, 15
Sidgwick, Prof, and Mrs. H., telepathic experiments by, ii. 199, 200;
Wallace's remarks on, 200-1
"Siege of the South Pole," Mill's, ii. 82
Silk, George, i. 52, 87;
Wallace's friendship with, 10;
walking tour in Switzerland with Wallace, 35
Sims, Mrs. (sister of A.R. Wallace), i. 30, 44, 56, 60, 62, 64, 85
---- Thomas, i. 63, 73
Singapore, Wallace at, i. 36
Slade, prosecution of, ii. 197
Sleeper, George W., ii. 98, 99, 100
Smedley, Mr. E., ii. 83, 100, 163, 175, 215
Smith, Dr. Edwin, ii. 210
"Social Environment and Moral Progress," Wallace's, ii. 104, 144-5, 250
"---- Statics," Spencer's, i. 123, 150, ii. 143
Socialism, Wallace's first lessons in, and later views of, i. 15, 16,
ii. 139 _et seq._;
"individualistic," 114;
Wallace's definition of, 152
Society for Psychical Research, foundation of, ii. 196
"Sociology, Principles of," i. 126
"---- Study of," Spencer's, i. 283
Solar nebula, lecture by Sir R. Ball on, ii. 174
---- system, central position of, ii. 171
South America, fauna of, ii. 10
Special creation, i. 189 (note), 190, 192, ii. 23, 185
Species, mutability of, i. 78, 137;
law of introduction of, 96, 101-2;
extinction of, 98.
(_See also_ Selection, natural)
Spencer, Herbert, birth of, i. 5;
and Evolution, 122, 123;
arguments with Huxley on Evolution, 123;
sends Darwin a copy of his Essays, 124;
suggests "survival of the fittest" as alternative to "natural
selection," 125, 171;
Wallace's relations with, 125;
Darwin's approval of "survival of the fittest," 174;
autobiography of, ii. 211
---- letters from:
on "Origin of the Races of Man," ii. 18;
on theory of flight, 27-8;
on "Darwinism," 47;
on Lord Salisbury's view of Natural Selection, 59, 60, 65;
on Land Nationalisation Society, 154;
on "Progress and Poverty," etc., 154-5
Spilosoma menthastri, i. 179
Spiritualism, Wallace's belief in, ii. 122, 167, 178, 181 _et seq._,
239-40;
Huxley on, 187;
Lord Avebury on, 212
Spiritualists, Association of, ii. 198, 199
Spontaneous generation, i. 274
Spruce, Mr., i. 150, 161, 166, 232
Stanley, Dean, at Linlathen, ii. 228
Stephens' "Illustrations of British Insects," i. 23 (note)
Sterility, Natural Selection and, Meldola on, ii. 41-2
Stevens, Samuel, i. 26, 48, 49, 54, 71, 72, 102, 105, 143
Stewart, Prof. Balfour, and telepathy, ii. 200
Strahan, Dr. A., and Wallace memorial, ii. 253
Strang, Mr., chalk portrait of Wallace by, ii. 224
Strasburger, Prof. Eduard, receives Darwin-Wallace Medal, i. 120;
tribute to Wallace, 120;
on Wallace's "Malay Archipelago," ii. 231
Stuart-Menteith, C.G., ii. 160
"Studies, Scientific and Social," Wallace's, ii. 143, 147
"Study of Variation, with regard to Discontinuity in Origin of Species,"
Bateson's, ii. 60-1
"Subsidence and Elevation of Land," Sir H.H. Howorth's, i. 277
---- theory of, i. 132, 160, 212, 238, 286, 309
Survival of the fittest, i. 125, 171, 174-5, ii. 59
(_see also_ Selection, natural)
Sus papuensis, i. 161, 162
---- scrofa, i. 162
Swinton, Mr. A.C., ii. 155
Synthetic philosophy, Spencer's, i. 1, 123, 124
Switzerland, Wallace's visits to, i. 35, ii. 204
T
Telepathy, ii. 181, 186 _et seq._, 196, 199
"Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from Original Type,"
Wallace's, i. 109;
loss of MS., 127, ii. 7
Ternate, Wallace at, i. 36, 68, 107, 108;
volcanic eruption of 1849 in, 68;
Wallace's paper on Natural Selection sent to Darwin from, i. 106, ii. 39
Tertiary Period, i. 159, 292, 294, 295
Thayer's theory of animal colouring, ii. 36
"Theories of Evolution," Poulton's, ii. 61
"Theory of Development and Heredity," Orr's, ii. 60
"---- of Natural Selection from a Mathematical Point of View," Bennett's,
i. 253
"---- of Population," Spencer's, i. 124
Thiselton-Dyer, Sir W.T.:
appreciation of Wallace by, i. 4;
at Darwin-Wallace Jubilee, 122;
paper on geographical distribution of plants by, ii. 90
---- letters from:
on Darwin Commemoration volume, ii. 91;
on Sir F. Darwin's "Foundations" and the Darwin celebration, 92;
on Evolution and the fundamental powers and properties of life, 95-8;
asking Wallace to join Royal Society, 219, 220-1;
on Romanes' charge of plagiarism, 236-7
Thompson, Prof. Silvanus P., signs petition for national memorial to
Wallace, ii. 253
Thomson, Prof. J.A., ii. 12 (note)
---- Sir W. (Lord Kelvin), on age of world, i. 242, 250, 268, ii. 75
Thought transference (_see_ Telepathy)
"Threading my Way," R.D. Owen's, ii. 225
Timor, birds of, i. 80, ii. 4;
mammalia of, i. 133, ii. 4;
fossils of, i. 138, 148, 290;
Darwin receives honeycomb from, 143, 146;
flora of, 237
Transmutation of species, i. 123, ii. 23
"Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro," Wallace's, i, 30, 35
Trees, tropical, i. 86
Trimen, Mr., paper on mimetic butterflies by, i. 200, 201
Trimorphism in plants, i. 161, 202, 220
Tropical forests, Darwin's description of, i. 31-2;
denizens of, 31
"---- Nature," Wallace's, ii. 11
Turner, Dr., orchids of, ii. 114
---- Mr. H.H., signs petition for national memorial of Wallace, ii. 253
Tylor, E.B., "Early History of Mankind," i. 164;
Wallace on, 165;
"Anthropology," ii. 65
Tyndall, John, birth of, i. 5;
and psychical research, ii. 198
U
Uaupés, Indians of, i. 31;
exploration of, i. 29
Unfit, segregation of, ii. 160-1, 246
United States, Wallace's lecturing tour in, ii. 14
"Unparalleled Discoveries of Mr. T.J.J. See, Account of," ii. 178
Utricularia, i. 284-5
V
Vaccination, Wallace and, ii. 149, 202, 237, 240-1;
Rev. H. Price Hughes on, 158;
Frederic Myers and, 206
"Variation, Heredity, and Evolution," Lock's, ii. 84
---- of birds, i. 162-3
"Variations of Animals and Plants under Domestication," Darwin's,
i. 112, 189, 195, 197, 199, ii. 2
Variety, Wallace's differentiation of, from species, i. 91-2, 96, 97,
101, 115, 167 (note), 169, 173, 205, 210, 234, ii. 21, 62, 63, 70
Varley, C.F., i. 244
Vegetarianism, Wallace on, ii. 158
"Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation," i. 91, 92 (note)
Victoria, Queen, approves of pension to Wallace, i. 315
"Vignettes from Nature," Grant Allen's, ii. 46
Vogt, Prof., i. 221
Volcanic eruptions and migration, Lyell's theory of, ii. 19
"Voyage of the _Beagle_," Darwin's, i. 31, 32, 34, ii. 2
"---- up the Amazon," Edwards's, i. 25
W
Waddell's "Lhasa," ii. 82
Waddington, Mr. Samuel, ii. 77
Wages, question of, ii. 156
Waimate (N.Z.), missionary settlement at, i. 37
Wallace, Alfred Russel:
co-discoverer of Natural Selection, i. 1, 2, 105, 106, 107, 111, 112,
113, 136, 139, 153, 158, ii. 39-40;
early years, i. 5-44;
nervousness, 7, 14, 35, ii. 134;
his father, i. 8;
his mother, 8, 9, 30;
first experiments, 9, 19-20;
schooldays, 11;
geographical studies, 11;
love of reading, 13;
pupil teacher at Hertford Grammar School, 14;
interest in Socialism, 15, 27, ii. 151 _et seq._, 181;
land-surveying, i. 15, 17, 19, ii. 139, 182;
astronomical studies and writings, i. 20, ii. 167 _et seq._;
early interest in zoology and geology, i. 20;
first telescope, 20, ii. 168;
love of botany, i. 20, 21, ii. 106;
his herbarium, i. 22;
as watchmaker, 23;
interest in phrenology and mesmerism, 24, ii. 181, 182;
studies beetles and butterflies, i. 24, 114;
school teacher at Leicester, 24;
voyage to Amazon, 26 _et seq._;
explores Uaupés River, 29;
fire at sea and loss of collections, 29, 30;
first meeting with Darwin, 35, 105, ii. 62;
meets Huxley, i. 35;
visits Switzerland, 35, ii. 204;
visits Singapore, i. 36;
on missionaries, 37-8, 47, 48, 50, 62-3;
in Sarawak, 38-40;
beetle and butterfly collecting, i. 38, 41-2, 114, 237, ii. 4-5;
ill-health of, i. 40, 79;
enthusiasm as naturalist and collector, 40-2, 115;
journey in a "prau," 42;
early letters, etc., 45-88;
Darwin-Wallace joint paper read before Linnean Society, 71, 89, 109,
118, 122;
Darwin's appreciation of his magnanimity, 71, 106, 118, 134, 137, 139,
141, 153, 164, 242, 252, 287, 304;
attack of intermittent fever, 107, 108;
jubilee of Darwin-Wallace essay and his speech, 110 _et seq_;
relations with Spencer, 125;
Presidential Address to Entomological Society, 126;
reads proofs of Spencer's "principles of Sociology," 126;
correspondence with Darwin, 127-320;
inscription on envelope containing Darwin's first eight letters, 128;
sends Darwin a honeycomb, 143;
reads Spencer's works, 147, 150;
"exposé" of Rev. S. Haughton's "Bee's Cell," 148;
his opinion of Agassiz, 149;
and the origin of man, 152, 153, 154, 155 _et seq._, 240;
and Darwin's paper on climbing plants, 162;
on a crested blackbird, 163;
on the _Reader_, 165;
on mimicry, 167 (note), 168, 176, 179;
approves of term "survival of the fittest," 171;
birth of a son, 188;
later views on Natural Selection, 217, 218;
dedicates "Malayan Travels" to Darwin, 232;
birth of a daughter, 234;
visits Wales, 247;
reviews "Descent of Man," 260;
on Chauncey Wright and Mivart, 265-7;
Bethnal Green Museum directorship, 277;
and second edition of "Descent of Man," 281 (note), 282, 283;
social and political views, 283, 317, 319, ii. 139-65, 245-7;
at Dorking, i. 294, 297, ii. 106;
and the superintendency of Epping Forest, i. 302, 303, 304, 306, ii. 106;
writes a work on Geography, i. 304, ii. 14;
recommended for a Civil List pension, i. 313-16;
works on Biology, etc., ii. 3 _et seq._;
articles for "Encyclopædia Britannica," 11;
lectures at Boston, U.S.A., 15;
correspondence on biology, geographical distribution, etc., 18-102;
on theory of flight, i. 145, ii. 25-8;
and Mivart's "Genesis of Species," 34;
friendship with Meldola, 35;
theory of animal heat, 35;
and Romanes, 36 _et seq._, 49 _et seq._;
on ferns, 40;
on sterility and Natural Selection, 41 _et seq._;
admitted to Royal Society, 55, 56, 221, 222;
on "discontinuous variation," 62-3;
theory of mouth-gesture as a factor in origin of language, 65;
on non-heredity of acquired characters, 70;
his last public lecture, 87, 222-3;
two of his works translated into Japanese, 100;
home life, 103-138;
domesticity of, 104;
skill at chess, 107;
Examiner in Physiography at South Kensington, 109;
as housebuilder, 110, 111, 119-120;
honours from scientific societies, 113;
enthusiasm for orchids, 114;
his method of writing, 120-1, 243;
and psychical research, 122, 167, 181-215, 239-40;
daily routine, 123-4;
sense of humour, 125-6, 132, 133, 134, 226, 227, 228;
receives the Order of Merit, 127-9;
his Sarawak spider, 131;
failing health, 135 _et seq._;
death, 138, 252;
funeral, 252;
memorial in Westminster Abbey, 253-5;
lists of writings, 257
---- ---- ---- letters to his mother: announcing arrival at Singapore,
i. 47;
describing work at Singapore, 48;
on Malacca and missionaries, 49;
on his collections and visit to Rajah Brooke, 51;
on the Rajah, 59;
on correspondence from Darwin and Hooker, and his Aru collection, 71;
on plans for collecting at Java, and impending return to England, 83
---- ---- ---- letter to his wife, sending plants from Furka Pass, ii. 115
---- ---- ---- letters to his son, Mr. W.G. Wallace: on building of house
at Parkstone, ii. 111-13;
on purchase of land at Broadstone and garden plans, 117-18;
enclosing ground plan of house and describing progress, 118-20;
on "Man's Place in the Universe," and Spiritualism, 121-2;
requesting revision of "Mars," 122;
on forthcoming lecture at the Royal Institution, and conferment of Order
of Merit, 127-9;
on discovery of a rare moth and beetles in root of an orchid, 129-30;
on the railway strike, 163-4
---- ---- ---- letters to his daughter Violet: on "victims of
Landlordism," ii. 113;
on "Freeland" and "Looking Backward," 114;
on orchid growing, 114;
on use of a wagging tail, 115-16;
on "Maha Bharata," 116;
on eight hours' movement, 156
---- ---- ---- letter to Lord Avebury, on Bill for bird preservation,
i. 162
---- ---- ---- letters to Sir W.F. Barrett:
on the nebular hypothesis, ii. 174;
on Mars, 176;
on experiments with sensitives and on prosecution of Slade, 197;
on Dr. Carpenter, 198;
regretting inability to attend Dublin meeting of British Association,
199;
on the advocacy of vaccination, 206;
on dowsing, 206-8;
on presidency of Psychical Research Society, 208;
on "Creative Thought" and on ministry of angels, 213;
explaining his criticisms of "Creative Thought," 214-15
---- ---- ---- letter to F. Bates, on exotic insect-collecting, i. 69
---- ---- ---- letters to H.W. Bates:
on Darwin's Journal, i. 25;
on "Law regulating Introduction of New Species" and Ternate,
65;
congratulating him on arriving home, 72;
on Darwin, 73
---- ---- ---- letters to Mr. F. Birch:
on "Mars," ii. 177;
announcing conferment of Order of Merit, 223-4
---- ---- ---- letter to Mr. H. Jamyn Brooke, on monism, ii. 177
---- ---- ---- letters to Miss Buckley (Mrs. Fisher):
on "Descent of Man," ii. 31-2;
on physiology of ferns, etc., 40-1;
on infinity of life-forms, 89-90;
on house-planning at Broadstone, 119-20;
on Turks, 153;
on his "Reciprocity" article, 153;
on the earth as only habitable planet, 175;
on Spiritualism, 188-95;
on psychical and other works, 203-4;
on his visit to Switzerland, 204;
on re-incarnation and theosophical writings, 205;
on psychical research and Spencer's "Autobiography," 211;
on conferment of Order of Merit, 222;
on his autobiography, and Owen, 224-5;
on reviews of "My Life," 225-6
---- ---- ---- letter to Mr. Sydney C. Cockerell, on Kropotkin's Life,
ii. 161
---- ---- ---- letter to Mr. Theo. D.A. Cockerell, on fertilisation,
ii. 49
---- ---- ---- letters to Charles Darwin:
on the Timor honeycomb, i. 143;
on Darwin's "Orchids," 143;
on theory of flight, 145;
on Spencer's "Social Statics," 150;
on Borneo exploration and his contribution to theory of man's origin,
152;
on his paper on Man and Natural Selection, 155;
on the Aru Islands, 161;
on a case of variation becoming hereditary, 162;
on the _Reader_, 165;
on dimorphism, 168;
suggesting "survival of the fittest" in preference to "natural
selection," 170;
on mimicry and glacier action, 176;
on expression, 180;
on "Creation by Law," 188, 192;
on superintendency of a Museum, 193;
on sterility of hybrids, 196;
on natural selection as producing sterility of hybrids, and pangenesis,
199;
on Trimen's paper at the Linnean Society, 201;
on selective sterility, 203, 205, 210;
on Darwin's "Cross Unions of Dimorphic Plants," 218;
on protection and sexual selection, 221, 222, 227;
on the dedication of "Malayan Travels," etc., 232;
on single variations, 234;
on colouring of caterpillars, 235;
on his "unscientific" opinions on Man, 243, 250, 255;
on wing-scales of butterflies, 244;
on Dr. Meyer, 248;
on "Descent of Man," 255, 259, 284;
recommending two remarkable books, 263;
on Mivart and Chauncey Wright's critique, 265;
on Darwin's answer to Mivart, 271;
on Dr. Bree, and Bastian's "Beginnings of Life," 273;
on a Bethnal Green Museum appointment, 277;
on Darwin's "Expression of the Emotions," 279;
on invitation to undertake revision work for Darwin, 281, 282;
on "Climbing Plants," 285;
on Darwin's criticism of "Geographical Distribution," 288, 294;
on Darwin's "Crossing Plants," 296;
on Darwin's "Orchids," 297;
on Darwin's "Forms of Flowers," and glacial theory, 298;
on sufficiency of Natural Selection, 300;
on Epping Forest superintendency, 302, 303;
on "Island Life," 305, 306;
on Darwin's criticism of "Island Life," 308;
on Darwin's "Movements of Plants," 311;
on land migration of plants, 311;
on Civil List pension, 314, 315;
on "Progress and Poverty," 317;
on Darwin's "Earthworms," 320
---- ---- ---- letters to Sir Francis Darwin:
on Darwin's "Life and Letters," ii. 39;
on descent with modification, 78;
on mutation, 80
---- ---- ---- letter to Mr. W.J. Farmer, on final cause of varying
colour of hairs, etc., ii. 101-2
---- ---- ---- letter to Dr. W.B. Hemsley, on insular floras, ii. 43-4
---- ---- ---- letter to Rev. J.B. Henderson, on Christianity, ii. 209
---- ---- ---- letter to Sir J. Hooker, on Natural Selection, etc.,
ii. 81-2
---- ---- ---- letters to Huxley:
enclosing a copy of "The Scientific Aspect of the Supernatural," ii. 187;
on psychical research, 188
---- ---- ---- letter to Mr. J. Hyder, on land nationalisation, ii. 161
---- ---- ---- letter to Prof. Knight, on immortality, ii. 178
---- ---- ---- letter to Dr. Littledale, acknowledging birthday
congratulations, ii. 136
---- ---- ---- letters to Sir Oliver Lodge:
on proof of constant variability, and Lord Kelvin's calculations,
ii. 74-5;
on principle of continuity, etc., 178-9;
acknowledging Romanes' lecture and criticising lectures by Mr.
See, 179-80
---- ---- ---- letter to Sir C. Lyell, on colour of man, ii. 29
---- ---- ---- letters to Mr. J.W. Marshall:
on Hudson's observations and theories, ii. 53-4;
conveying condolences, and views on a hereafter, 209;
on his autobiography, 226
---- ---- ---- letters to Prof. Meldola:
on physiological selection, ii. 36-8;
on Natural Selection, 41, 42-3;
on Meldola's controversy with Romanes, 50-1;
on individual adaptability, 55-6;
on "discontinuous variation," 62-3;
on Weismann's "Germinal Selection," 68-70;
on Weismann's doctrine of non-inheritance of acquired characters, 70-1;
on Weismann's "Germ Plasm," 72;
on Fisher's "Physics of the Earth's Crust," 74;
on Meldola's offer to read Wallace's paper at Royal Institute, 87-8
---- ---- ---- letter to Mr. Ben. R. Miller, on Sleeper's "Shall we
have Common Sense?" ii. 98-9
---- ---- ---- letter to Mr. John (Lord) Morley, on Socialism, ii. 159
---- ---- ---- letter to Mr. M.J. Murphy, on Mr. Lloyd George, ii. 164-5
---- ---- ---- letter to Dr. Norris, on increasing weakness, ii. 136-7
---- letter to Miss Norris, on health and diet, ii. 136
---- ---- ---- letters to Prof. E.B. Poulton:
on "Protective Value of
Colour and Markings in Insects," ii. 39;
on Weismann's "Essays upon Heredity," 44, 45;
on Grant Allen's theory of origin of wheat, 46;
on Cope's "Origin of the Fittest," 47;
on Weismann's additional essays, 51-3;
on non-heredity of acquired characters, 54-5;
on maternal impression, 56-8;
on Bateson's "Material for the Study of Variation," 60-1;
on Poulton's "Theories of Evolution," 61-2;
criticising Romanes, 63-5;
on Poulton's Presidential Address to British Association, 71-2;
on denudation and deposition, 73;
on mutation, 79;
on Poulton's Presidential Address to Entomological Society, 79;
on Mendelism and mutation, 84;
on Poulton's Introduction to "Essays on Evolution," 85-6;
on invitation to lecture at Royal Institution, 87;
on Lord Rothschild's butterflies, and Royal Institution lecture, 88-9;
on an article in the _Times_, 89;
on Bergson, 98;
on Sleeper's alleged anticipation of Darwinism, 99-100;
on declining the Oxford D.C.L. degree, 217-18;
agreeing to accept the degree, 218
---- ---- ---- letters to Dr. Archdall Reid:
on "Present Evolution of Man," ii. 67-8;
on instinctive knowledge, 68;
on "Ancient Britain and Invasions of Cæsar," 86;
on Mendelism and Evolution, 92-3
---- ---- ---- letter to Mr. Clement Reid, on discovery of Miocene
or Pliocene Man in India, ii. 62
---- ---- ---- letter to Mr. H.N. Ridley, on De Rougemont, ii. 76
---- ---- ---- letter to Mr. Alfred Russell, on vegetarianism, ii. 158
---- ---- ---- letters to Mr. G. Silk:
on Alexandrian donkey-drivers, i. 45;
on forthcoming visit to Sarawak, 52;
on marriage, 87
---- ---- ---- letters to Mrs. Sims (his sister):
on his assistant, i. 56, 60;
on missionaries, 62;
on life in Macassar, 64;
on Java and its flora, 85
---- ---- ---- letters to Thomas Sims:
on Singapore, i. 61;
on monocular and binocular vision, Darwin's "Descent of Species,"
and belief and disbelief, 73
---- ---- ---- letters to Mr. E. Smedley:
on Child's "Root Principles," ii. 83-4, 100-1;
on prayer, 163;
on Mars, 175;
on horoscope, 215
---- ---- ---- letter to Dr. Edwin Smith, on Spiritualism, ii. 210
---- ---- ---- letter to Mr. C.G. Stuart-Menteith, on segregation of
the unfit, ii. 160-1
---- ---- ---- letter to Mr. A.C. Swinton, on suggested lecture tour
in Australia, ii. 155
---- ---- ---- letters to Sir W. Thiselton-Dyer:
on botanical distribution and migration, ii. 34-5;
on Darwin Commemoration volume, 90-1;
on "World of Life," 93-5;
on election to Royal Society, 221-2;
on Romanes' charge against Wallace of plagiarism, 235-6
---- ---- ---- letter to Samuel Waddington, on origin of all living
things, ii. 77-8
---- ---- ---- letters to Mr. A. Wiltshire:
on the Liberal Government, ii. 162;
on necessity for increased wages, 165
---- ---- ---- letter to an unknown correspondent, on fauna and flora
of Borneo district, and Dyaks, i. 53
---- Annie (A.R. Wallace's wife), ii. 115, 252
---- Herbert (A.R. Wallace's brother), i. 28, ii. 182, 229
---- John (A.R. Wallace's brother), i. 11, 13, 15
---- Mary Ann (A.R. Wallace's mother), i. 9
---- Thomas Vere (A.R. Wallace's father), i. 8;
Librarian of Hertford, 13;
straitened circumstances of, 14, 15
---- Violet (daughter of A.R. Wallace), reminiscences of her father,
ii. 103-38
---- W.G. (son of A.R. Wallace), reminiscences of his father, ii. 103-38
"Wallace's line," i. 43, ii. 19, 232, 233
War, Wallace's abhorrence of, ii. 245
Ward, Mr., on muscular fibres of whales, i. 145
Warington, Mr., and "Origin of Species," i. 191
Webb, Mr. W.L., ii. 179-80
Wedgwood, Josiah, and Darwin, i. 18
Weir, Jenner, on moths, i. 179;
on plumage of birds, 205;
Darwin's appreciation of, 220;
paper at the Entomological Society, 235
Weismann, Prof. A., receives Darwin-Wallace Medal, i. 120;
on colouring of caterpillars, 299;
"Essays upon Heredity," ii. 44 _et seq_., 51-2
(_see also_ Non-inheritance of acquired characters)
Wells, Dr., and Natural Selection, i. 116, 176
Westminster Abbey, graves and memorials of men of science in, i. 1;
petition to Dean and Chapter as to medallion to Wallace in, ii. 253;
unveiling of the medallion, 254
Westwood and theory of flight, i. 145;
Darwin on, 146-7
Whale, muscular fibres of, i. 145
Wilberforce, Bishop, reviews Darwin's "Origin of Species," 144
Williams, Dr., ii. 192
---- Matthieu, i. 264
Wilson, Mr. D.A., reminiscences of Wallace, ii. 151-2
Wiltshire, Mr. A., letters to, ii. 162,165
Wimborne, Lord, sale of land to Wallace, ii. 119
Wollaston, Dr., reviews "Origin of Species," i. 142;
tribute to Wallace, ii. 230
Wollaston's "Coleoptera Atlantidum," ii. 22-3
Woman, independence and future of, Wallace's views on, ii. 149-51, 245
"Wonderful Century," Wallace's, ii. 144, 168, 169, 238
"Wonders of the World," i. 13
Wood, J.G., book on the horse, ii. 113
Woodbury, Mr., researches of, i. 146
"World of Life," Wallace's, ii. 8, 94, 167, 172, 176, 178, 182
"Worms, Formation of Vegetable Mould by Action of," Darwin's, i. 320
Wright, Chauncey, reviews Mivart's "Genesis of Species," i. 264, 265-7
Z
Zöllner, Prof., and supernormal phenomena, ii. 198, 199
"Zoological Geography of the Malay Archipelago," Wallace's, i, 137, ii. 232
Zoology, lectures on, at Edinburgh, i, 16; Darwin's study of, at
Cambridge, 17
PRINTED BY
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FOOTNOTES:
[1] "It is no doubt the chief work of my life."--C. DARWIN.
[2] "My Life," i. 396-7.
[3] "My Life," ii. 94-5.
[4] "My Life," pp. 97-8.
[5] "My Life," pp. 98-9.
[6] Dr. Henry Forbes in a note to the Editor writes: "In his 'Island
Life' Wallace extended his philosophical observations to a wider field,
and it is in philosophical biology that Wallace's name must stand
pre-eminent for all time." "In our own science of biology," say Profs.
Geddes and Thomson in a recent work, "we may recall the 'Grand Old Men,'
surely second to none in history--Darwin, Wallace, and Hooker."
[7] "My Life," ii. 99-101.
[8] "My Life," ii. 22.
[9] "The Origin of the Races of Man."
[10] "The Malay Archipelago."
[11] Private Secretary to Sir Charles Lyell.
[12] "The Descent of Man."
[13] Probably refers to "The Geographical Distribution of Animals."
[14] The book referred to is Wallace's "Island Life," published in 1880.
[15] For the work on "Darwinism."
[16] Printed in full as a footnote to Weismann's "Essays upon Heredity,"
etc.
[17] _See_ footnote 3, pp. 172-3, of Weismann's "Essays upon Heredity,"
etc.
[18] "The Origin of Floral Structures through Insect and Other
Agencies." Internat. Sci. Series. 1888.
[19] "The Origin of the Fittest." London, 1887.
[20] "Essays upon Heredity and Kindred Biological Problems," Vol. II.
1892.
[21] _Trans. Ent. Soc., London_, 1892, p. 293.
[22] As Hope Professor of Zoology in the University of Oxford.
[23] A member of a family which has produced several eminent medical
men.
[24] Vol. I., p. 445, a review of "A Theory of Development and
Heredity," by Henry B. Orr. 1893.
[25] "Material for the Study of Variation, treated with especial regard
to Discontinuity in the Origin of Species." 1894.
[26] Reprinted in "Essays on Evolution," p. 95. 1908.
[27] "The Present Evolution of Man." 1896.
[28] Presidential Address in Section D of British Association, 1896,
reprinted in "Essays on Evolution," p. 1.
[29] To the British Association at Edinburgh, 1892.
[30] Vol. ixx. (1904), p. 313, a review of T.H. Morgan's "Evolution and
Adaptation."
[31] "The Bearing of the Study of Insects upon the Question, Are
Acquired Characters Hereditary?" The Presidential Address to the
Entomological Society of London, 1905, reprinted in "Essays on
Evolution," p. 139.
[32] Probably "Root Principles," by Child.
[33] "Essays on Evolution." 1908.
[34] Of the Introduction to "Essays on Evolution."
[35] Vol. lxxvii., p. 54, a note "On the Interpretation of Mendelian
Phenomena."
[36] The Oxford Celebration of the Hundredth Anniversary of the Birth of
Charles Darwin, February 12, 1809. An account of the celebration is
given in "Darwin and 'The Origin,'" by E.B. Poulton, p. 78. 1909.
[37] The Darwin Celebration.
[38] "The World of Life."
[39] _Bedrock_, April, 1912, p. 48.
[40] "Shall we have Common Sense? Some Reeeat Lectures." By George W.
Sleeper. Boston, 1849.
[41] _See_ footnote to preceding letter. The book formed the subject of
Prof. Poulton's Presidential Addresses (May 24, 1913, and May 25, 1914)
to the Linnean Society (_Proceedings_, 1912-13, p. 26, and 1913-14, p.
23). The above letter is in part quoted in the former address.
[42] This letter relates to evidences, favourable to Sleeper, which had
not at the time been critically examined, but broke down when carefully
scrutinised. _See_ Prof. Poulton's address to the Linnean Society, May
25, 1914 (_Proc_., 1913-14, p. 23).
[43] For many years he was Examiner in Physiography at South Kensington.
[44] _See_ footnote on p. 109.
[45] For letters from Wallace describing Col. Legge's visit with the
Order, _see_ pp. 128 and 224.
[46] The present Lord Rothschild.
[47] On his ninetieth birthday.
[48] See his book, "Land Nationalisation, its Necessity and its Aims"
(1882).
[49] Although this book was his last published work, it was written
before "Social Environment and Moral Progress." He handed me the MS. a
few months before his death.--The Editor.
[50] A full account of this scheme is given in his "Studies, Scientific
and Social," chap. xxvi.
[51] "My Life," ii. 237-8
[52] Advocating Eugenics and the segregation of the unfit.
[53] Hon. Sec. of the Federated Trades and Labour Council, Bournemouth.
[54] At an Old Age Pension meeting.
[55] _See_ Vol. I., p. 20.
[56] "The World of Life," p. 374.
[57] "Life and Letters," i. 58.
[58] Considerable reference is made to Mrs. Hardinge in "Miracles and
Modern Spiritualism" pp. 117-21.
[59] The "spirits" are supposed to produce the faces.
[60] This is a strange accompaniment of most advanced spiritual
phenomena.
[61] Against vaccination.
[62] Psychical Research Society Report.
[63] "The Wonderful Century."
[64] A medium.
[65] The lecture at the Royal Institution, when he wore the Order.
[66] In _Nature_, Nov. 20, 1913, p. 348.
[67] "The Wonderful Century," p. 437.
[68] "I have been speculating last night," wrote C. Darwin to his son
Horace, "what makes a man a discoverer of undiscovered things; and a
most perplexing problem it is. Many men who are very clever--much
cleverer than the discoverers--never originate anything. As far as I can
conjecture, the art consists in habitually searching for the causes and
meaning of everything which occurs."--"Emma Darwin," p. 207.
[69] It is interesting to compare this with Darwin's manner of writing.
Darwin confessed: "There seems to be a sort of fatality in my mind
leading me to put at first my statement or proposition in a wrong or
awkward form. Formerly I used to think about my sentences before writing
them down; but for several years I have found that it saves time to
scribble in a vile hand whole pages as quickly as I possibly can,
contracting half the words; and then correct deliberately. Sentences
thus scribbled down are often better ones than I could have written
deliberately."
[70] See pp. 227, 234.
[71] But see _ante_, p. 153.
[72] Wallace's section of the Darwin-Wallace Essay entitled "On the
Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of
Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection."