Sail from New Bedford. The Crew are put upon allowance. Reach the
Azores. Proceed to the Brazil Banks. Return to the African coast.
Great fear arises from breakers. Prove to be an innumerable number
of canoes filled with natives who come to the ship. Their awful
appearance. Serious difficulty arises with one of the crew, who is
put on shore. Cruise about for whale. Trade with the natives of St.
Thomas. Procure two monkeys, who render much service in killing
cockroaches. The treatment given the crew at Fernando Po. Kindly
interference of British officers. The crew are obliged to catch their
own provision. Sail for home. I take a few flying fish, which the
captain claims as his. Threw them into the sea. Great rage of the
Captain. Reach New Bedford. The sailors leave the Captain to secure
the sails.
With prosperous winds we cleared the harbor. Spread all canvass to
the breeze, and soon our native land was seen only in the distance.
For a length of time, every thing passed finely and promised a happy
voyage; but we were doomed to disappointment and sorrow. Our commander,
conscious of the authority vested in him, put it in force. We were
first put upon allowance of only one pound of bread, and one half pound
of meat. This caused but little murmuring; each confined his sorrows to
his own bosom, and did his master's bidding with the strictest care;
and would have remained so had our sorrows ended there. The master
was often heard to say it would not do to give us even as great an
allowance as he then did, for we were, like highly fed horses, quite
unmanageable.
We touched at the Azores, or western islands, and took on a fresh
supply of provisions--such as potatoes, onions, &c. Thence to the isle
of Saul, of the Cape Verdes group, where we spent a day and night;
got a quantity of fish and sea-fowl eggs. At St. Mary's, of the same
group, we proposed leaving one of the crew who was sick on board; but
the consul would not receive him, consequently, we were obliged to keep
him, and do the best we could. Here we were attended with the same poor
success that had characterized this and the former voyage.
Sick at heart at our poor luck, we steered for the coast of Brazil. We
made the coast about the first of January, where we cruised until the
last of the month, without any profit at all; and again squared away
for the African coast. Made the island of Anoben, which lies to the
southwest of St. Thomas, and also belongs to Portugal. At this place
we learned, by an American trader which we spoke, of a large company
of pirates who had been driven ashore a few months previous. They had
a large boat, and lay secreted in some of the rivers or creeks until
the near approach of some ship, when they would rush out from their
hiding place, and seize upon the ship before the crew were fully aware
of their danger. They had already secured to themselves many valuable
cargoes. As might be expected from receiving such information, we gave
the island a "wide berth;" cruised away to the northward, and touched
at Princes island. We cruised among the group for a length of time.
One night, in the gulf of Biafra, between Fernando Po and the main
land, we as usual had shortened sail. The current drifted us nearer
shore than we were aware. The man aloft cried, "Breakers off the
lee beam." The lead was cast, and no bottom found. The man aloft
again cried, "Breakers off the lee beam." Again the lead was cast
100 fathoms; yet it found no resting place. "Breakers off the lee
beam" was the continued cry. On a still nearer approach, we found the
reported breakers to be an innumerable number of canoes filled with
natives, singing and shouting loudly, coming with great speed towards
our vessel. Considering them enemies, we set about making our defence
as strong as possible with the poor supply of arms usually carried
on whale ships. When within about 300 yards they stopped, seemingly
in consultation. Soon, one of their number set off for the vessel.
When he came alongside, we showed him our arms. He held up elephant
teeth; signifying that he came as a trader, and not an enemy. We
suffered him to come on board. He was a very large man, seeming to
possess great muscular strength, and nearly naked. In his ears, nose,
around his neck, wrists, and ankles, were gold and ivory rings. Going
on the quarter deck, he gave a sharp, shrill whistle as a signal to
his comrades; in an instant every paddle was in motion, beating time
to their wild songs. Soon they were at our ship's sides. We would
allow only a few on board at a time. Never, in the whole course of my
wanderings, have I seen man presenting so terrific an appearance,--they
were scarred from head to foot in a most brutal manner. Whether this
was done in actual wars or not I am unable to determine; but, as they
were nearly all so, I thought it must have been done among themselves,
that they might appear thus frightful. Their _teeth_, which were of
the purest white, were filed sharp, resembling the teeth of a saw. We
traded with them, taking a few teeth, and a small quantity of gold
dust. The breeze freshened a little, and they left us. The first one
that came was the last to leave. After the others were a little way
from the ship he threw his canoe (which he brought on board when he
came) over, then jumped after it, and pulled for the shore.
We lay five days becalmed within a few miles of the shore. Sometimes
towing our vessel with boats, at other times, getting a little breeze,
we would take all possible advantage of it. Still we gained but little.
At last the wind favoring us, we conquered the current, and stood
away for St. Thomas, where we went on shore. An Irishman, one of the
number, who was naturally a very bad man, procured some spirits with
a shirt which he took with him, which rendered him a perfect demon.
According to his own statement, he had been a term of years on board
of pirate vessels. At any rate he had had many a skirmish, for he was
literally scarred from head to foot. When the boat came along side, he
called the Captain many hard names of which he took but little notice,
knowing his situation, and went below to be clear of him. Jack took a
pike, (an instrument of pointed iron, used to handle blubber with,)
and threw it with great force at a pig. Missing his aim, it lodged
in the bulwarks. The Captain heard the noise, and came immediately
upon deck to learn the cause. On inquiring who threw it, Jack stepped
up, and promptly said, "I, sir, and what are you a going to do about
it." The Captain ordered him put in irons; but the officers found it
no small undertaking, for he was quite at home in such skirmishes.
He went below, and endeavored to influence the crew to join him in
seizing the officers, and taking command of the vessel; but in this he
was unsuccessful. The cook informed the officers of his proceedings,
and they seized upon all of the arms, spades, boarding knives, &c.,
belonging to the vessel, and remained under arms during the night.
Then most vividly must the treatment the Captain had given his crew
come before his mind. He had done nothing to gain their confidence
and respect, but rather to the contrary, much to excite their hatred
towards him. At the moment when he most needed their sympathy and
aid, he had nothing to expect, or even hope at their hands, but stern
retaliation. Pent up, as he was, within the narrow confines of a whale
ship, where the spirit of mutiny was breathed forth, knowing of no
one among his crew whom he could call his friend, must have rendered
his situation one not in the least degree enviable. But hardened and
reckless as all sailors are usually called, his crew were actuated
by higher and better motives. The presumptuous insinuations of Jack
were instantly repelled. No one for a single moment entertaining the
idea. Rather than raise a hand against him, to whom they had pledged
their fidelity, although he had been guilty of a nonconformance on his
part, they, one and all, would even suffer the horrors of starvation,
which, by his decree, were then seemingly before them. It was hoped and
expected that this moment of trial being over, he would do something
to ameliorate our condition, and secure to himself that confidence so
highly necessary to every commander.
The next morning Jack was called upon quarter deck. The Captain asked
him what he meant by such abuse as he had given the previous evening.
He, in reply, shaking his clenched fist in his face, said he had made
food for sharks of many a better man than him, and such would be his
fate should he remain long on board. His choice was given him between
public flogging and leaving the ship. He chose to be set on shore,
saying he was not born to be flogged on board a whale ship, threatening
to kill the Captain before he left.
A boat was lowered away under charge of the second mate, into which he
was ordered with his effects, the Captain and other officers standing
by under arms. When we reached the shore he bade each an adieu in turn;
shouldered his bundle, and started for the woods; and we knew no more
of him.
We remained at the island several days. Bought several monkeys of
the small kind, which, beside the amusement they afforded, rendered
themselves of much service in ridding the ship of cockroaches with
which it was swarmed. The service thus rendered the sailor proves to
them their own destruction, for they cannot live many weeks after
eating them. The cockroach is a very troublesome insect which gets into
vessels, and oftentimes attacks the sleeping sailor, eating the dead
skin from the feet and hands. The bite is attended with much pain,
leaving the flesh tender for a long time.
Some difficulty arose between the officers and crew which terminated
in hard words. The Captain swearing that, as our leader was gone, we
should feel his power. Our already small allowance was lessened one
half. This our natures could not submit to. When we were wanted to go
in the boats we were scarce able to work the oars. This called out the
worst abuse the Captain could invent. We made Fernando Po, an English
island, and took on wood, which we did by carrying it on our shoulders,
and wading in water to our middle, a man being placed over us, who
exercised his authority with scarce less severity than a Brazilian
slave driver. An English man-of-war being at anchor there, and seeing
us thus driven, sent her boats along side, and ordered us all to our
ship. The mate, who had us in charge, feeling affronted that his orders
should be put at nought, hesitated about complying with the order;
but, seeing their determination to be obeyed, ordered us to the ship.
A lieutenant accompanied us; and, when on board, sent other hands to
discharge the boats, and ordered our clothes changed soon as possible.
After severely reproving the Captain for thus exposing our lives in
that climate, and in the sickly season, too, he left the ship.
The next day we were allowed liberty on shore; passed a burial
ground, and saw eight or ten open graves, fitted receptacles for the
victims of yellow fever, who were falling almost momentarily. Four
months previous to this time, a regiment of 850 soldiers were sent
from England, of which only fifteen then remained; and of the thirty
females who accompanied them, none were left to tell their sad fate.
Some of the scenes to which I was witness, were horrid beyond degree.
It seemed to attack more generally, and with greater virulence,
those of intemperate habits; and amid such scenes men would go to the
intoxicating bowl, lay down to move no more, and, in a few hours, be in
a state of putrefaction. I saw on one occasion a funeral procession (of
a boatswain who had died intoxicated) which consisted of only six men,
and all of them drunk, staggering their way along to the grave-yard. In
ascending a small hill the coffin fell from their shoulders; the corpse
broke its rude boards, and rolled part way down the hill. They carried
the coffin to the top, then placed the body in, and with oaths and
imprecations went on their way.
Gladly we left this place so wretched, and proceeded to St. Thomas.
Took on a few yams, hogs, &c. Spoke a trader, of whom we procured a
quantity of dried turtle; but little of it fell to the poor seamen. We
still remained upon allowance. The fear which the officers were under
in the affair of Jack had entirely subsided, leaving our situation no
better than before.
A new barrel of beef was opened one day for the officers which was much
hurt. It was thought to be good enough for the seamen, and another
opened for the officers. The meat when cooked was worse than before,
and we presumed to show it to the Captain, who flew into a rage, and
said if he could get any that was worse we should eat it. We got some
lines and caught a few fish. The Captain finding we were like to live
well that way, took our allowance of pork from us, which obliged us to
eat our fish boiled, and without salt. Thus we spent seven months, most
anxiously wishing for a termination of the voyage.
We stood away for the Azores. The Captain wishing to get a man to fill
the place of the one left, tried to steal a Portuguese soldier; had
him secreted on board; but was found out, and fined $200. This enraged
him, and severity was our lot in consequence. His haste in leaving that
place was great. We had been out only about twelve hours, when heavy
squalls from the northeast struck us. The wind increased. We lay to,
under a storm try-sail, fourteen days. During this time we were kept
picking oakum, having but six hours rest. The Captain endeavored the
while to teach us the value of true, heart-felt thankfulness. As the
wind abated, we spread sail for New Bedford. Happy, indeed, were we
to learn that home was our next point to be reached. We were kept on
allowance during the passage which occupied 60 days. We caught and eat
porpoises to satisfy the demands of hunger. Those acquainted with the
article can form some idea of our misery.
One night, in the gulf stream, a number of flying fish came on board,
which I took, and was preparing for my breakfast, when the Captain came
along, saying "you have had fine luck. Think you have got enough for my
breakfast?" and at the same time called the cook to take them. I seized
the pail and threw them overboard, "saying you shall not have them any
how." His rage knew no bounds; he called me every thing which he could
find words to utter. I reminded him of the speedy termination of the
voyage. He could find no way to punish this insolence as he called it.
Finally, he set us all scrubbing the deck with sand, although it rained
so hard that it kept one man constantly putting it on. Stopping the
scupper, the rolling of the vessel would wash the water and sand from
one side to the other. We were obliged to rub from 7 to 12 o'clock;
then to dinner, (if boiled porpoise and bread can be called dinner,)
back again to scrubbing, and thus we finished the day.
The next day we spoke the ship Boston, Capt. Reed, of Fair Haven, bound
to Brazil, whaling; they offered us provisions, which our Captain
refused, probably thinking it economy for his men to catch their own.
In a few days we saw land, took on a pilot; soon came to anchor. As is
always the case, seamen's duty is done the moment the anchor is let
go, though they usually stow the sails; but the moment the anchor was
cast we took our things, put them in a boat to go ashore, leaving the
sails hanging to the yards. The Captain begged of us to stow them. We
told him we had been with him long enough, and were now happily free
from his authority; and that it would give us much pleasure to see
him stow them himself. He was soon leaving the ship himself; for the
owners came on board, and ordered him, and all that he had, out of the
ship immediately, or it would go overboard. Thus terminated my second
voyage with still poorer success than my former one, having taken only
150 barrels sperm, and 10 black fish oil, after a voyage of nearly 13
months. This voyage, like the first, left me in debt, and with no other
way, seemingly, than to again try and see what another voyage would do.
I went to the boarding house without a cent in my pocket.