different colours, though chiefly red,
with clasps of gold and silver; some
have pearls, and precious stones, set in
their bindings.
II. Two little silver cabinets of exquisite
work, in which the Queen keeps
her paper, and which she uses for
writing boxes.
III. The Queen’s bed; ingeniously
composed of woods of different colours,
with quilts of silk, velvet, gold, silver,
and embroidery.
IV. A little chest ornamented all
over with pearls, in which the Queen
keeps her bracelets, ear-rings, and
other things of extraordinary value.
V. Christ’s passion in painted glass.
VI. Portraits: among which are
Queen Elizabeth at sixteen years of age.
Henry, Richard, Edward, Kings of
England; Rosamond, Lucrece, a Grecian
bride, in her nuptial habit; the
genealogy of the Kings of England;
a picture of King Edward VI. representing
at first sight something quite deformed,
till by looking through a small
hole in the cover, which is put over
it, you see it in its true proportions;
the Emperor Charles V. Charles Emanuel
Duke of Savoy, and Catharine of
Spain, his wife; Ferdinand Duke of
Florence, with his daughters; one of
Philip King of Spain, when he came
into England, and married Mary;
Henry VII. Henry VIII. and his mother;
besides many more of illustrious
men and women; and a picture of the
siege of Malta.
VII. A small hermitage, half hid
in a rock, finely carved in wood.
VIII. Variety of emblems, on paper,
cut in the shape of shields, with mottoes
used by the nobility at tilts and
tournaments, hung up here for a memorial.
IX. Different instruments of music,
upon one of which two persons may
perform at the same time.
X. A piece of clock-work, an Æthiop
riding upon a rhinoceros, with
four attendants, who all make their
obeisance, when it strikes the hour;
these are all put into motion by winding
up the machine.”
In short, at the entrance into the park, from Whitehall, was this
romantic inscription, which the honourable Horatio Walpole supposes
might allude to Philip II. who wooed the Queen after her sister’s
death, and to the destruction of his armada.
_Ictus piscator tandem sapit,_
_Sed infelix Actæon semper præceps._
_Casta virgo facilè miseretur;_
_Sed potens Dea scelus ulciscitur._
_Præda canibus, exemplum juvenibus,_
_Suis dedecus, pereat Actæon._
_Cura cœlitibus, chara mortatibus, suis securitas,_
_Vivat Diana._
Thus englished:
The fisherman who has been wounded, learns,
though late, to beware;
But the unfortunate Actæon always presses on.
The chaste virgin naturally pitied;
But the powerful goddess revenged the wrong.
Let Actæon fall a prey to his dogs,
An example to youth,
A disgrace to those that belong to him!
May Diana live the care of heaven;
The delight of mortals;
The security of those that belong to her!
_Hentzner’s journey into England._
But to proceed, in the reign of King James I. the old banquetting
house, which was then used for public entertainments, being much
decayed, that Prince formed the design of pulling down the whole palace
of Whitehall, and erecting in its room an edifice worthy the Kings
of England: a most noble plan was actually drawn for that purpose,
by the celebrated Inigo Jones, and this plan being finished, the old
banquetting house was demolished, and the present elegant structure
erected in its room. This was to have been but a small part of the
intended work; but it was all that was performed; and the old palace
continued still the residence of our Kings, till it was destroyed
by fire in 1697: and has never yet been rebuilt. See the article
BANQUETTING HOUSE.
[Illustration:
_S. Wale delin._ _E. Booker sc._
_A Gate belonging to the Old palace of White Hall._]
As this was esteemed the principal palace, and that of St. James’s only
an additional, though there have been long no remains of it left, and
there are several houses of the nobility and other buildings scattered
about the place where it stood, it is still considered in the same
light; the great offices are kept in some of these detached edifices,
and all public business is still dated from Whitehall.
WHITEHALL _gate_. The gate here represented and the house adjoining
have since the engraving this print been pulled down to render the
street more spacious and convenient. It belonged, as was observed in
the preceding article, to the old palace of Whitehall, and was built
by Henry VIII. from a design of Hans Holbein the celebrated painter.
Here were on each side four bustos in front with ornamented mouldings
round them of baked clay in proper colours, and glazed in the manner of
delf ware, which has preserved them intire to this time, whereas the
festoons of stone in the banquetting house, which was built much later,
are so corroded as to be scarce intelligible.
WHITEHALL _stairs_, Whitehall.
WHITE HART _alley_, Leadenhall street.*
WHITE HART _buildings_, the corner of Drury lane.*
WHITE HART _court_, 1. Barnaby street*: 2. Bishopsgate street without.*
3. Broad street.* 4. Castle street, Leicester Fields.* 5. Cat alley,
Long lane, Smithfield.* 6. Leadenhall street.* 7. Old street.* 8.
Whitechapel.*
WHITE HART _inn yard_, in the Borough.*
WHITE HART _lane_, Broadway, Westminster.*
WHITE HART _row_, 1. Baker’s row.* 2. Bell lane.* 3. Hackney road.*
WHITE HART _stairs_, Lambeth.*
WHITE HART _street_, 1. Kent street, Southwark.* 2. Warwick lane,
Newgate street.*
WHITE HART _yard_, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.* 2. Broad way,
Westminster.* 3. Charterhouse lane, by Hicks’s hall.* 4. Drury lane.*
5. Fore street.* 6. Gracechurch street.* 7. Islington.* 8. Long Acre.*
9. Lower East Smithfield.* 10. Newington Butts.* 11. Whitecross street.*
WHITE HIND _court_, 1. Bishopsgate street, without.* 2. Coleman street.*
WHITE HIND _yard_, Hoxton.*
WHITE HORN _court_, near new Gravel lane.*
WHITE HORSE _alley_, 1. Arundel street in the Strand.* 2. Barnaby
street, Southwark.* 3. Chick lane, Smithfield.* 4. Cowcross, near
Smithfield.* 5. Fenchurch street.* 6. Fleet market.* 7. Great
Eastcheap.* 8. near Guy of Warwick court, Upper ground, Southwark.*
9. St. John’s street, Smithfield.* 10. Kent street, Southwark.* 11.
Turnmill street.*
WHITE HORSE _court_, 1. Addle Hill.* 2. Barnaby street.* 3. Borough.*
4. Fore street.* 5. Kent street. 6. King street, Westminster.* 7.
Rosemary lane.* 8. Whitecross street.*
WHITE HORSE _inn meal market_, near Holbourn.*
WHITE HORSE _inn yard_, St. Margaret’s hill, Southwark.*
WHITE HORSE _lane_, 1. Mile-End Old Town.* 2. White horse street,
Ratcliff.*
WHITE HORSE _passage_, Great Swallow street.*
WHITE HORSE _street_, 1. Hide Park road.* 2. Queen street.* 3.
Ratcliff.*
WHITE HORSE _yard_, 1. Aldersgate.* 2. Blackman street, Southwark.* 3.
Berry street.* 4. Chiswell street.* 5. Coleman street.* 6. Drury lane.*
7. Duke’s street, Lincoln’s Inn fields.* 8. East Smithfield.* 9. Fan’s
alley, Goswell street.* 10. Fetter lane, Fleet street.* 11. Islington
road, St. John’s street.* 12. Kent street, Southwark.* 13. King
street, Oxford street.* 14. London wall.* 15. Love lane.* 16. Lower
East Smithfield.* 17. Pear Tree street, Brick lane, Old street.* 18.
Piccadilly.* 19. Pickax street.* 20. Ratcliff Highway.* 21. Rosemary
lane, Little Tower Hill.* 22. Seething lane, Tower street.* 23. Upper
Ground street, Southwark.*
WHITEHOUSE’S _court_, St. Thomas’s street, Southwark.†
WHITE LION _alley_, Birching lane, Cornhill.*
WHITE LION _court_, 1. Addle hill, Thames street.* 2. Barbican,
Aldersgate street.* 3. Barnaby street, Southwark.* 4. Birching lane.*
5. Blossom’s street, Norton Falgate.* 6. Broad street by the east
end of Throgmorton street.* 7. Carpenter’s yard, London wall.* 8.
Charterhouse lane, near Smithfield.* 9. Corn hill.* 10. Fleet street.*
11. New street: 12. Newtoners lane: 13. Petticoat lane, Whitechapel.*
14. in the Savoy.* 15. Throgmorton street, Lothbury.* 16. Tower street.*
WHITE LION _street_, 1. Norton Falgate, by Shoreditch.* 2. St. George’s
Fields.* 3. Rag Fair.*
WHITE LION _wharf_, Thames street.*
WHITE LION _yard_, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.* 2. Narrow street,
Limehouse.* 3. Norton Falgate.* 4. Upper Shadwell.*
WHITE ROSE _alley_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
WHITE ROSE _court_, Coleman street.*
WHITE _row_, Bell lane, Spitalfields.
WHITENING _ground_, near Maiden lane: 2. Morgan’s lane, Southwark.
WHITE SWAN _coach yard_, Blackman street.*
WHITE SWAN _court_, Newgate street.*
WHITE SWAN _stairs_, near Thames street.*
WHITE SWAN _yard_, Shoreditch.*
WHITE’S _alley_, 1. Bond’s stables, by Fetter lane.† 2. St.
Catharine’s court, St. Catharine’s.† 3. Chancery lane.† 4. Between
Swan alley, and Great Bell alley, Coleman street.† 5. Holbourn.† 6.
Little Moor fields.† 7. Long ditch, Westminster.† 8. Middle Moor
fields.†
WHITE’S _court_, Vine yard, St. Olave’s street.†
WHITE’S _ground_, Crucifix lane, Barnaby street, Southwark.†
WHITE’S _rents_, Fore street, Limehouse.†
WHITE’S _row_, Baker’s row.†
WHITE’S _street_, 1. Blackman street.† 2. Houndsditch.† 3.
Rotherhith.† 4. Horselydown.† 5. Pelham street, Spitalfields.†
WHITE’S _yard_, 1. East Smithfield.† 2. Green walk, Southwark.† 3.
Lamb alley.† 4. Rosemary lane.† 5. Whitecross street.†
WHITING’S _alley_, 1. Morgan’s lane.† 2. near Tooley street,
Southwark.†
WHITTAL’S _rents_, Long lane.†
WHITTINGTON’S ALMSHOUSE, Sir Richard Whittington several times Mayor
of this city, about the year 1413, founded a college on the north side
of the church of St. Michael Pater Noster, for a master, four fellows,
clerks, choristers, _&c._ together with an almshouse for thirteen poor
men; one of whom to be tutor, with a salary of 1_s._ 4_d._ per week,
and the twelve others 1_s._ 2_d._ each, with necessary provisions. The
college was dissolved by act of parliament in the reign of Edward VI.
but the almshouse situated upon College hill still remains under the
direction of the mercers company; who, besides a handsome room for the
use of each of the pensioners, allow them 3_s._ 10_d._ per week, and
the men every third year coats and breeches, and the women, who are now
also admitted, have gowns and petticoats. _Stow’s Survey._
WHORE’S NEST, Harrow corner.║
WICKHAM’S _court_, Great Wild street.†
WIDEGATE _alley_, Bishopsgate street without.
WIGAN’S _court_, Church lane, Limehouse.†
WIGAN’S _key_, Thames street.†
WIGHTMAN’S _alley_, St. John’s street, Smithfield.†
WIGMORE _row_, Marybone fields.
WIGMORE _street_, Wellbeck street, near Marybone fields.
WILDAY’S _wharf_, Cock hill, Ratcliff.†
WILD _court_, Great Wild street.†
WILDERNESS _lane_, Salisbury court, Fleet street.
WILDERNESS _row_, Chelsea.
WILD-GOOSE _alley_, Thames street.*
WILD’S _passage_, Drury lane.†
WILD’S _rents_. Long lane Southwark.†
WILLIAMS’S _court_, New Gravel lane.†
_Dr._ WILLIAMS’S LIBRARY, in Redcross street, Cripplegate, for the
use of the dissenting ministers, of the presbyterian, independant
and baptist persuasions, was founded by Daniel Williams, D. D. a
presbyterian divine, who in 1711, among other considerable legacies,
bequeathed his valuable collection of books and manuscripts for
the above purpose, with a handsome salary for a librarian and a
housekeeper, in pursuance of his will a neat building was erected in
Redcross street, with a genteel apartment for the librarian, _&c._ and
a spacious room capable of containing 40,000 volumes. The original
library has been augmented by many thousand volumes presented to it.
This library is under the direction of twenty-three trustees, fourteen
of whom are ministers, and nine of them lay gentlemen; but all of the
presbyterian denomination: with a secretary and a steward.
In this library is a register, wherein parents may enter the birth
of their children. This is of the greater use to the dissenters, as
few or none of the dissenting meeting houses have any register of
christenings, and as a great body of them do not allow of the baptising
of infants. Here also are some curiosities, as an Egyptian mummy, and
a glass bason, which held the water wherewith Queen Elizabeth was
baptized. This last is kept in a bag, whereon is fixed a paper that
shews how this bason came into the possession of the managers of the
library.
WILLIAMS’S _rents_, Millbank, Westminster Horseferry.†
WILLIFRID’S _rents_, Shad Thames, Horselydown.†
WILLOW _street_, Bank-side, Southwark.‡
WILLOW-TREE _alley_, 1. Nightingale lane.‡ 2. Wapping dock.‡
WILLOW-TREE _court_, 1. Charter House lane.‡ 2. Lower Shadwell.‡
WILLOW-TREE _yard_, Maudlin’s rents.‡
WILSON’S _alley_, Fore street, Lambeth.†
WILSON’S _court_, Rosemary lane, Little Tower Hill.†
WILTSHIRE _lane_, East Smithfield.
WIMBLETON, a village in Surrey, three miles south of Putney church,
where Ethelbert King of Kent was defeated in a battle by Ceaulin the
West Saxon, in the year 568. Wimbleton house stands about half a mile
south from the road on Wimbleton common; it was built by Sir Thomas
Cecil, son of the Lord Treasurer Burleigh, in the year 1588, and was
afterwards General Lambert’s, who had here the finest flower garden
in England. The manor of Wimbleton was purchased by Sarah Churchill,
Duchess Dowager of Marlborough, who left it to the late John Spencer,
Esq; brother to the late Duke of Marlborough, together with a fine
seat she built here, which is adorned with a grand terrace walk, that
extends from the house to the seat of Sir Abraham Janssen, Bart. and
has a fine prospect to the south. Wimbleton common or heath which is
supposed to be as high as Hampstead heath, is about a mile each way, and
is adorned on the sides with several handsome seats.
WIMPLE _mews_, Wimple street.
WIMPLE _street_, Henrietta street.
WINCHESTER _court_, Monkwell street, near Cripplegate.
WINCHESTER _street_, 1. by Broad street, so called from the Mansion
house of the Earls of Winchester there, built by Sir William Pawlet
Knt. created Earl of Wilts, and Marquis of Winchester, Lord High
Treasurer of England in the reign of Edward VI. _Maitland._ 2. St. Mary
Overies, from the palace of the Bishops of Winchester.
In its neighbourhood were the licensed stews under the jurisdiction
of the Bishop, whence the common prostitutes were called Winchester
geese. _Maitland._ The name of stews was given to lewd houses from the
fishponds near this place.
WINCHESTER _yard_, Winchester street, St. Mary Overies.
WINCLE _court_, Pallmall.
WINDELOW’S _court_, Black Friars.†
WINDMILL _alley_, 1. St. Margaret’s hill.* 2. Whitechapel.☐
WINDMILL _bank_, Isle of Dogs, so called from windmills there.
WINDMILL _court_, 1. Coleman street.* 2. Pie corner, near Smithfield.*
3. Snow hill.*
WINDMILL _hill_, 1. Hatton wall: 2. Leather lane, Holbourn: 3. near
Upper Moorfields. This last hill was raised by above a thousand cart
loads of human bones, brought from St. Paul’s Charnel house and laid
there in the year 1549, which being soon after covered with street dirt
from the city, the place was converted into a lay stall, whereby the
ground was so raised, that three windmills were erected upon it, whence
it obtained its present name. _Maitland._
WINDMILL HILL _row_, Upper Moorfields.☐
WINDMILL _lane_, Whitechapel.☐
WINDMILL _street_, 1. Haymarket*: 2. Tottenham Court road.
WINDMILL _yard_, Coleman street.*
WINDSOR, so called from its winding shore, is a pleasant, and well
inhabited borough, twenty-three miles from London, agreeably situated
on the south bank of the Thames, in the midst of delightful vallies.
Its church is a spacious ancient building situated in the High street
of the town, in which is also the town house, a neat regular edifice
built in 1686, and supported with columns and arches of Portland stone;
at the north end is placed in a niche the statue of Queen Anne, in her
royal robes, with the globe and other _regalia_; and underneath, in
the freeze of the entablature of the lesser columns and arches, is the
following inscription in gold letters:
Anno Regni VIº.
Dom. 1707.
_Arte tua, sculptor, non est imitabilis_ ANNA;
ANNÆ _vis similem sculpere? sculpe Deam_
S. Chapman, _Prætore_.
And in another niche on the south side is the statue of Prince George
of Denmark, her Majesty’s royal consort, in a Roman military habit, and
underneath is the following inscription:
_Serenissimo Principi_
GEORGIA _Principi_ Daniæ,
Heroi omni sæculo venerando,
Christophorus Wren, _Arm._
Posuit. MDCCXIII.
In the area, underneath the town hall the market is kept every Saturday
and is plentifully supplied with corn, meat, fish, and all other
provisions.
Besides the castle, the chief ornament of the place; many gentlemen of
fortune and family constantly reside in the town and its neighbourhood.
The Duke of St. Albans has a handsome large house on the east part of
the town, with pleasant gardens that extend to the park: and at the
south side of the town is Sir Edward Walpole’s house, a neat regular
edifice with large gardens beautifully laid out and designed; where
Marshal Bellisle resided for some time while a prisoner in England,
during the last war.
WINDSOR CASTLE, the most delightful palace of our Sovereigns, was first
built by William the Conqueror soon after his being established on
the throne of this kingdom, on account of its pleasant and healthful
situation, and as a place of security; it was greatly improved by Henry
I. who added many additional buildings, and surrounded the whole with a
strong wall. Our succeeding Monarchs resided in the same castle, till
King Edward III. caused the ancient building to be taken down; erected
the present stately castle, and St. George’s chapel; inclosed the whole
with a strong wall or rampart of stone, and instituted the most noble
order of the garter.
[Illustration:
_S. Wale del._ _B. Green sculp._
_Windsor Castle._]
It may be proper to observe, that William of Wickham, afterwards Bishop
of Winchester, was principally employed by Edward III. in building this
castle, and when he had finished it, he caused this doubtful sentence
to be cut on one of the towers:
THIS MADE WICKHAM.
which being reported to the King, as if that prelate had assumed to
himself the honour of building this castle, that Bishop would probably
have fallen under his Majesty’s displeasure, had he not readily assured
his royal master, that he meant it only as an acknowledgment, that this
building had _made him great_ in the favour of his Prince; and had
occasioned his being raised to his present high station.
Great additions were in succeeding times made to the castle, by several
of our Monarchs, particularly by Edward IV. Henry VII. Henry VIII.
Elizabeth, and Charles II. This last Prince soon after the restoration,
entirely repaired the castle, and though it had suffered greatly by
plunder and rapine, in the preceding times of national disorder, he
restored it to its ancient splendor. As that Prince usually kept his
court there during the summer season, he spared no expence in rendering
it worthy the royal residence; he entirely changed the face of the
upper court; he enlarged the windows and made them regular, richly
furnished the royal apartments, and had them decorated with large and
beautiful paintings, and erected a large magazine of arms.
In short, King Charles II. left little to be done to the castle except
some additional paintings in the apartments, which were added by his
successors James II. and William III. in whose reign the whole was
completed.
This stately and venerable castle is divided into two courts or
wards, with a large round tower between them called the middle ward,
it being formerly separated from the lower ward by a strong wall and
drawbridge. The whole contains above twelve acres of land, and has
many towers and batteries for its defence: but length of time have
abated their strength, and the happy union that subsists between the
Prince and people, has made it unnecessary to keep these fortifications
in perfect repair.
The castle is situated upon a high hill, which rises by a gentle
ascent, and enjoys a most delightful prospect around it, in the front
is a wide and extensive vale, adorned with corn fields and meadows,
with groves on either side, and the calm smooth water of the Thames
running through it, and behind it are every where hills covered with
woods, as if dedicated by nature, for game and hunting.
On the declivity of the hill is a fine terrace faced with a rampart
of free stone, 1870 feet in length. This may justly be said to be one
of the noblest walks in Europe, both with respect to the strength and
grandeur of the building, and the fine and extensive prospect over the
Thames of the adjacent country on every side, where from the variety of
fine villas scattered about, nature and art seem to vie with each other
in beauty.
From this terrace you enter a beautiful park, which surrounds the
palace, and is called the little or house park, to distinguish it from
another adjoining, which is of a much larger extent. This little park
is four miles in circumference, and surrounded by a brick wall. The
turf is of the most beautiful green, and it is adorned with many shady
walks; especially that called Queen Elizabeth’s, which, on the summer
evenings is frequented by the best company. A fine plain on the top of
the hill was made level for bowling in the reign of King Charles II.
and from hence is the like extended prospect over the Thames, and the
same beautiful and well cultivated country. The park is well stocked
with deer and other game, and the keeper’s lodge at the farther end is
a delightful habitation.
But to return to the castle. In the upper court is a spacious and
regular square, containing on the north side the royal apartments,
and St. George’s chapel and hall, on the south and the east sides are
the royal apartments, those of the Prince of Wales, and the great
officers of state, and in the centre of the area is an equestrian
statue in copper of King Charles II. in the habit of one of the Cæsars,
standing on a marble pedestal, adorned with various kinds of fruit,
fish, shipping and other ornaments. On the east side is the following
inscription on a shield:
CAROLO SECUNDO.
_Regum Optimo,_
_Domino suo clementissimo._
Tobias Rustat
_Hanc Effigiem humilime_
_Dedit et Dedicavit_,
Anno Domini MDCLXXX.
The Round tower, which forms the west side of this upper court,
contains the Governor’s apartments. It is built on the highest part
of the mount, and there is an ascent to it by a large flight of stone
steps: these apartments are spacious and noble, and among the rest is
a guard-room or magazine of arms. King Charles II. began to face this
mount with brick, but only compleated that part next the court.
The Lower court is larger than the other, and is in a manner divided
into two parts by St. George’s chapel, which stands in the centre. On
the north, or inner side are the several houses and apartments of the
Dean and canons of St. George’s chapel, with those of the minor canons,
clerks and other officers; and on the south and west sides of the outer
part, are the houses of the poor knights of Windsor. In this court are
also several towers belonging to the officers of the crown, when the
court is at Windsor, and to the officers of the order of the garter.
The royal apartments are on the north side of the Upper court, and are
usually termed the Star building, from a star and garter in gold in the
middle of the structure, on the out side next the terrace.