#I. Romani imperii exordium# [[stripped text]]
Proca, rex Albanorum, Numitorem et Amulium filios habuit. Numitori, qui
natu maior erat, regnum reliquit; sed Amulius, pulso fratre, regnavit
et, ut eum subole privaret, Rheam Silviam, eius filiam, Vestae
sacerdotem fecit, quae tamen Romulum et Remum geminos edidit. Ea re
cognita Amulius ipsam in vincula coniecit, parvulos alveo impositos
abiecit in Tiberim, qui tunc forte super ripas erat effusus; sed,
relabente flumine, eos aqua in sicco reliquit. Vastae tum in iis locis
solitudines erant. Lupa, ut fama traditum est, ad vagitum accurrit,
infantes lingua lambit, ubera eorum ori matremque se gessit.
Cum lupa saepius ad parvulos veluti ad catulos reverteretur, Faustulus,
pastor regius, re animadversa eos tulit in casam et Accae Larentiae
coniugi dedit educandos. Adulti deinde hi inter pastores primo ludicris
certaminibus vires auxere, deinde venando saltus peragrare et latrones a
rapina pecorum arcere coeperunt. Quare cum iis insidiati essent
latrones, Remus captus est, Romulus vi se defendit. Tum Faustulus,
necessitate compulsus, indicavit Romulo quis esset eorum avus, quae
mater. Romulus statim armatis pastoribus Albam properavit.
Interea Remum latrones ad Amulium regem perduxerunt, eum accusantes,
quasi Numitoris agros infestare solitus esset; itaque Remus a rege
Numitori ad supplicium traditus est; at cum Numitor, adulescentis vultum
considerans, aetatem minimeque servilem indolem compararet, haud procul
erat quin nepotem agnosceret. Nam Remus oris lineamentis erat matri
simillimus aetasque expositionis temporibus congruebat. Ea res dum
Numitoris animum anxium tenet, repente Romulus supervenit, fratrem
liberat, interempto Amulio avum Numitorem in regnum restituit.
Deinde Romulus et Remus urbem in iisdem locis, ubi expositi ubique
educati erant, condiderunt; sed orta inter eos contentione, uter nomen
novae urbi daret eamque imperio regeret, auspicia decreverunt adhibere.
Remus prior sex vultures, Romulus postea duodecim vidit. Sic Romulus,
victor augurio, urbem Romam vocavit. Ad novae urbis tutelam sufficere
vallum videbatur. Cuius angustias inridens cum Remus saltu id
traiecisset, eum iratus Romulus interfecit, his increpans verbis: "Sic
deinde, quicumque alius transiliet moenia mea!" Ita solus potitus est
imperio Romulus.
[[1]]
#I. Rômânî imperiî exôrdium# [[as printed]]
Proca,[1] rêx Albânôrum, Numitôrem et Amûlium fîliôs habuit.
Numitôrî, quî nâtû[2] mâior erat, rêgnum relîquit;[3] sed Amûlius,
pulsô[4] frâtre, rêgnâvit et, ut[5] eum subole[6] prîvâret,[5] Rhêam
[[2]]
Silviam, êius fîliam, Vestae[1] sacerdôtem fêcit, quae[2] tamen {4}
Rômulum et Remum geminôs êdidit.[3] Eâ[4] rê côgnitâ Amûlius ipsam[5]
in vincula coniêcit,[6] parvulôs
alveô[7] impositôs[8] abiêcit in
Tiberim, quî tunc forte super
rîpâs erat effûsus[9]; sed, relâbente
flûmine, eôs aqua in siccô {10}
relîquit. Vâstae tum in iîs
locîs sôlitûdinês erant. Lupa,
ut fâmâ[10] trâditum est, ad vâgîtum[11] accurrit,
înfantês linguâ[10] lambit, ûbera eôrum ôrî[7]
mâtremque[12] sê gessit. {15}
[Illustration: TEMPLE OF VESTA / _From a coin_]
[Illustration: A VESTAL]
Cum[13] lupa saepius[14] ad parvulôs velutî ad
catulôs reverterêtur,[13] Faustulus, pâstor
rêgius,[15] rê[16] animadversâ eôs tulit in casam et {18}
Accae Lârentiae coniugî dedit[17] êducandôs.[18] Adultî[19] deinde
hî inter pâstôrês prîmô lûdicrîs[20] certâminibus vîrês auxêre,[21]
deinde vênandô[22] saltûs peragrâre et latrônês â rapînâ[23] pecorum
arcêre coepêrunt. Quârê cum[13] iîs însidiâtî essent[13] latrônês,
Remus captus est, Rômulus[24] vî sê dêfendit. Tum Faustulus, {23}
[[3]]
necessitâte compulsus,[1] indicâvit Rômulô quis esset[2] eôrum
avus, quae mâter. Rômulus statim armâtîs[3] pâstôribus Albam[4] {25}
properâvit.
Intereâ Remum latrônês ad Amûlium rêgem perdûxêrunt,[5]
eum accûsantês, quasi[6] Numitôris agrôs înfêstâre solitus[7] esset;
itaque Remus â rêge Numitôrî ad[8] supplicium
trâditus est; at cum Numitor, {30}
adulêscentis vultum cônsîderâns, aetâtem[9]
minimêque servîlem indolem comparâret,
haud[10] procul erat quîn nepôtem âgnôsceret.
Nam Remus ôris lîneâmentîs[11] erat mâtrî[12]
simillimus[13] aetâsque expositiônis temporibus {35}
congruêbat. Ea rês dum Numitôris animum anxium tenet,[14]
repente Rômulus supervenit,[15] frâtrem lîberat,[15] interêmptô Amûliô
avum Numitôrem in rêgnum restituit.[15]
[Illustration: CASA]
[Illustration: TIBER STATUE / _Paris_]
[Sidenote: B.C. 754.]
Deinde Rômulus et Remus urbem in iîsdem locîs, ubi expositî[16]
ubique êducâtî erant, condidêrunt[17]; sed ortâ[18] inter eôs {40}
contentiône, uter nômen novae urbî daret[19] eamque imperiô
regeret, auspicia[20] dêcrêvêrunt[21] adhibêre. Remus prior[22] sex
[[4]]
vulturês, Rômulus posteâ duodecim vîdit. Sîc Rômulus, victor
auguriô,[1] urbem Rômam vocâvit. Ad[2] novae urbis tûtêlam sufficere
vâllum vidêbâtur. Cûius[3] angustiâs inrîdêns cum Remus {45}
saltû id trâiêcisset, eum îrâtus[4] Rômulus interfêcit, hîs increpâns
verbîs: "Sîc[5] deinde, quîcumque alius trânsiliet moenia mea!"
Ita sôlus potîtus est imperiô[6] Rômulus.
Among the few Trojans who escaped after the fall of Troy was
Aeneas, the son of Venus and the hero Anchises. After many
wanderings Aeneas reached Italy, married there Lavinia, the
daughter of Latinus, king of the Latins, and founded a town called
Lavinium, from the name of his wife. He was succeeded by his son
Ascanius, who founded a second city, called Alba Longa, and
transferred thither the seat of government. The date traditionally
assigned to the capture of Troy was 1184 B.C. Hence it is clear
that Alba Longa was settled more than 400 years before the
foundation of Rome in 754 B.C. To fill this gap a list of fourteen
Alban kings, all descendants of Aeneas, was given by the Roman
writers. How Rome itself was founded from Alba Longa is described
in the text. It should be kept constantly in mind that little
faith is to be put in these traditional accounts of Rome's early
history, at least as far as details are concerned. Latin writers
tell us that the oldest records of the city perished in the sack
of Rome by the Gauls in 388 B.C. The first historical work written
by a Roman was published about 215 B.C., more than 500 years after
the foundation of the city. Many of the stories were obviously
invented to account for institutions which existed in the later
times, and the traditional narrative is full of inconsistencies
and contradictions.
[Footnotes: I (pages 1-4)
1.1: #Proca# was the twelfth king of Alba Longa.
1.2: #nâtû mâior#: 'greater by birth' = 'elder.'
1.3: from _relinquô_.
1.4: #pulsô# (_pellô_) #frâtre#: abl. abs.; 'his brother having
been driven out' (pass.) = 'having driven out,' _or_ 'when he had
driven out his brother' (act.): H 489 (431): M 638: A 255: G 409:
B 227.
1.5: #ut prîvâret#: purpose: H 568 (497, II): M 893: A 317, 1:
G 545: B 282.
1.6: abl. of separation: H 462 (414, I): M 601: A 243, _a_: G 405:
B 214, 1, c.
2.1: See Voc., _Vesta_.
2.2: #quae# = _sed ea_.
2.3: _êdô_.
2.4: #eâ rê côgnitâ# (_côgnôscô_): cf. p. 1, n. 4.
2.5: i.e. Rhea Silvia.
2.6: _coniciô_.
2.7: dat. with compound verb: H 429 (386): M 534: A 228: G 347:
B 187, III.
2.8: #impositôs# (_impônô_) #abiêcit# (_abiciô_) = _imposuit et
abiêcit_. English is fond of coördination of clauses; Latin
prefers to subordinate clause to clause. Hence, in general, Latin
avoids two coördinated verbs. See p. xxiv, L 5, and H 639
(549, 5): A 292, R.: G 664, R. 1, 2: B 337, 2.
2.9: _effundô_.
2.10: abl. of means: H 476 (420): M 645: A 248, c, 1: G 401:
B 218.
2.11: #ad vâgîtum#: 'to (their) squalling,' i.e. to them as they
were crying.
2.12: #mâtrem sê gessit# (_gerô_): 'conducted herself, acted like
a mother.'
2.13: not only '_when_,' but also '_because_ the wolf kept coming
back.' See p. xxii, J.
2.14: 'very often.' The comparative often has this intensive
force.
2.15: adj. = the genitive of _rêx_.
2.16: #rê . . . tulit# (_ferô_) = _rem animadvertit et eôs tulit_;
cf. p. xxiii, K 10.
2.17: _dô_.
2.18: = _ut êducârentur_. The gerundive expresses purpose here, as
often. See p. xviii, E 4, H 622 (544, N. 2): M 994: A 294, _d_:
G 430: B 337, 7, 2.
2.19: #adultî# (_adolêscô_): 'having grown' = 'when grown.'
2.20: #lûdicrîs certâminibus#: 'with playful contests,'--such as
running, wrestling, and boxing. For the case, cf. n. 10.
2.21: = _auxêrunt_ (_augeô_).
2.22: The abl. of the gerund here denotes manner.
2.23: 'from the seizure of' = 'from stealing.'
2.24: = '_but_ Romulus.'
3.1: _compellô_.
3.2: indir. quest.: H 649, II (529, I): M 810: A 334: G 467:
B 300.
3.3: See p. 1, n. 4.
3.4: acc. of limit without preposition: H 418 (380, II): M 515:
A 258, _b_: G 337: B 182, 1, _a_; cf. English 'to go _home_.'
3.5: _perdûcô_.
3.6: 'because, as they said'; _quasi_ often denotes a statement or
thought of some person other than the writer himself. See p. xxi,
H 5.
3.7: _soleô_.
3.8: #ad supplicium#: 'to be punished'; _ad_ with its noun often
denotes purpose.
3.9: #aetâtem . . . comparâret#: 'compared his age with his
nature, (which was) by no means that of a slave'; i.e. his
appearance and demeanor indicated that he belonged to a higher
station than the shepherds.
3.10: #haud . . . âgnôsceret#: 'he came very near to recognizing
him'; how literally? In this construction _quîn_ = _ut nôn_, and
the subjunctive is one of result: H 595 (504): M 913: A 319, _d_:
G 555: B 284, 3.
3.11: abl. of specification: H 480 (424): M 650: A 253: G 397:
B 226, 1.
3.12: _similis_ is construed with both gen. and dat.
3.13: 'very like'; cf. a similar use of the comparative in l. 16.
3.14: _dum_, 'while,' regularly takes the pres. indic. where
English uses the imperfect: H 533, 4 (467, 4): M 917: A 276, _e_:
G 570, R.: B 293.
3.15: historical presents: H 532, 3 (467, III): M 734: A 276, _d_:
G 229: B 259, 3.
3.16: _expônô_.
3.17: _condô_.
3.18: #ortâ# (_orior_) . . . #contentiône# = '_because_ a strife
arose'; see p. xxiii, K 4.
3.19: indir. quest. depending on _contentiône_; cf. n. 2. The
strife centered in the question, "Which of us shall rule?"
3.20: Romulus stood on the Palatine Hill, and Remus on the
Aventine.
3.21: _dêcernô_.
3.22: 'first.'
4.1: 'by virtue of the augury'; abl. of cause: H 475 (416): M 612:
A 245: G 408: B 219.
4.2: #Ad . . . tûtêlam#: 'to guard the new city.' Cf. p. 3, n. 8.
4.3: Render 'its.' Latin is fond of closely connecting successive
clauses, and for this purpose often employs a relative pronoun,
where English uses a simple demonstrative, or a demonstrative or
personal pronoun with a conjunction,--generally _and_, often _but_
or _for_: cf. p. 2, n. 2.
4.4: 'in anger.' An adjective may often be best rendered by an
adverb or adverbial phrase.
4.5: Sc. _pereat_ (subjunctive of wish).
4.6: H 477, I (421, I): M 646: A 249: G 407: B 218, 1.]
#II. Romulus, Romanorum rex primus# [[stripped text]]