_Forty-eighth Annual Report
of the_
BUREAU OF AMERICAN
ETHNOLOGY
_1930-1931_
[Illustration]
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
WASHINGTON
D. C.
FORTY-EIGHTH
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
BUREAU OF
AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
TO THE SECRETARY OF THE
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
1930-1931
[Illustration]
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON: 1933
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C.
Price $2.00 (Paper cover)
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY,
_Washington, D. C., July 15, 1931_.
SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith the Forty-eighth
Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology for the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1931.
With appreciation of your aid in the work under my charge, I am
Very respectfully yours,
M. W. STIRLING,
_Chief_.
Dr. C. G. ABBOT,
_Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution_.
CONTENTS
REPORT OF THE CHIEF
Page
Systematic researches 3
Special researches 15
Editorial work and publications 17
Distribution of publications 18
Illustrations 19
Library 19
Collections 20
Property 21
Miscellaneous 21
ACCOMPANYING PAPER
General Index, Annual Reports of the Bureau of American
Ethnology, vols. 1-48, compiled by Biren Bonnerjea 25
REPORT OF THE CHIEF
FORTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
M. W. STIRLING, CHIEF
The operations of the Bureau of American Ethnology during the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1931, were conducted in accordance with the act
of Congress approved April 19, 1930, making appropriations for sundry
civil expenses of the Government, which act contains the following item:
American ethnology: For continuing ethnological researches
among the American Indians and the natives of Hawaii, the
excavation and preservation of archeologic remains under the
direction of the Smithsonian Institution, including necessary
employees, the preparation of manuscripts, drawings, and
illustrations, the purchase of books and periodicals, and
traveling expenses, $70,280.
SYSTEMATIC RESEARCHES
M. W. Stirling, chief, left Washington during the latter part of
January to continue his archeological researches in Florida. On the way
south he took the opportunity to investigate a number of archeological
sites in several of the Southern States, notably a group of mounds
which had been reported in the vicinity of High Point, N. C. and two
mound sites on Pine Island in the Tennessee River in northern Alabama.
A few days were spent in the vicinity of Montgomery, Ala., examining
the early historic sites being investigated there by the Alabama
Anthropological Society. A large mound had been reported in the
vicinity of Flomaton, Ala.; this was visited and found to be a natural
formation.
Continuing down the west coast of Florida, Mr. Stirling visited briefly
the archeological sites at Crystal River, Safety Harbor, and Alligator
Creek. The principal work for the season was commenced on February 5
on Blue Hill Island south of Key Marco, one of the northernmost of
the Ten Thousand Island Group. A large sand burial mound was excavated
and found to be of early post-Columbian Calusa origin. Excavation of
the mound disclosed a number of interesting structural features quite
unusual in Florida sand mounds. Six feet above the base of the mound a
clay floor was encountered which gave evidence of having been the base
of a temple structure, as it was surrounded by post-holes and in some
instances by the decayed remains of the wooden uprights still in place.
This structure had evidently been destroyed and the mound subsequently
enlarged by adding 6 feet more of sand above the original substructure.
Numerous burials were encountered both above and below the clay floor.
A few articles of European manufacture were recovered from the upper
level of the mound. As none were recovered from beneath the temple
floor, it is possible that the older section of the mound is of
pre-Columbian age. Cultural material recovered was interesting though
not abundant. This included characteristic pottery specimens, pendants
and ornaments made from fossil shark teeth, shell dishes, cups, celts,
and a few stone knives and arrowheads. Articles of European manufacture
consisted of glass beads and iron axes of Spanish type. More than 250
burials were removed.
Following the completion of this work, Mr. Stirling went to the island
of Haiti, where, in the company of H. W. Krieger, of the United States
National Museum, he investigated archeological sites previously worked
by Mr. Krieger in various parts of the island. Returning from Haiti to
Florida, work was continued in the eastern part of the State, where a
number of mounds were investigated between Miami and Cape Canaveral.
The most interesting discovery of the entire season consisted in
locating two series of large geometric earthworks on the eastern side
of the Everglades, not far from Indian town. One of these groups is
one of the largest and best preserved works of this type now existing
on the North American continent. It is hoped that at an early date
the bureau will be able to begin excavations on this most interesting
site. At the completion of this reconnaissance, Mr. Stirling returned
to Washington, leaving almost immediately for Chicago in order to
attend a meeting of the National Research Council, the purpose of which
was to organize research on the subject of early man in America.
Dr. John R. Swanton, ethnologist, was engaged in field work in
Louisiana from July 1 to August 14, 1930. It was found that Rosa
Pierrette, the sole Indian acquainted with the Ofo language and the one
from whom, in 1908, he obtained the only specimens of that language in
existence, was dead, and the language therefore is dead also. A search
was made for speakers of Atakapa, but all appeared to be gone except
one old woman who could barely recall a few words. The Chitimacha
Indians of Charenton were visited and a small amount of linguistic
material was obtained from them. Of the Tunica at Marksville, only two
or three are still able to use the old tongue, but one of these proved
to be an ideal informant and Doctor Swanton obtained from him a number
of short stories and one long story in native text. The rest of the
time was spent at Kinder, where a considerable body of material in
Koasati was obtained.
In view of the extinction of Atakapa as a spoken language, Doctor
Swanton considered that the words, phrases, and text collected by Dr.
A. S. Gatschet in 1886, which comprise by far the greater portion
of the material in that tongue still preserved, should be published
without delay and the greater part of the winter of 1930-31 was spent
in editing it. To Gatschet’s material have been added the Eastern
Atakapa words collected by Murray and the Akokisa vocabulary obtained
by the French captain, Bérenger, and published by Du Terrage and Rivet.
A bulletin containing all this is now in the hands of the printer.
Work has progressed on the tribal map of North America which is being
copied by Mrs. E. C. M. Payne, and additions have been made to the text
to accompany it.
Doctor Swanton is preparing the first draft of a Handbook of the
Indians of the Southeast.
The closing weeks of the year were devoted to reading the proof of
Bulletin 103, entitled “Source Material for the Social and Ceremonial
Life of the Choctaw Indians.”
Dr. Truman Michelson, ethnologist, was at work among the Kickapoo of
Oklahoma at the beginning of the fiscal year. A really representative
body of Kickapoo mythology is now available, and it is quite certain
that it is more northern than Fox mythology. The ritualistic origin
myths are still terra incognita. A good beginning has been made on
Kickapoo social organization. In the middle of July Doctor Michelson
went among the Foxes of Iowa. The object of the trip was to restore
one Fox text phonetically and to obtain some new texts, in the current
syllabic script, on Fox ceremonials, in both of which projects he
was successful. Doctor Michelson returned to Washington August 4. He
completed his memoir on the Fox WâpAnōwiweni and transmitted
it for publication February 7. His paper, Contributions to Fox
Ethnology, II, Bulletin 95 of the bureau, appeared in the course of the
fiscal year.
The remainder of the time was largely taken up studying materials
gathered previously and also in extracting from Petter’s Cheyenne
Dictionary such stems and words as can be rigorously proved to be
Algonquian. The material on the physical anthropology of the Cheyenne
showed clearly the great variation that occurs among living races. A
proper technique was worked out for determining the Cheyenne words
of Algonquian origin. Though Petter’s alphabet is inadequate, it was
possible to partially control this material by comparing it with
that of Doctor Michelson. Approximately 700 of such words and stems
were extracted. Though the technique mentioned above is very slow,
Doctor Michelson is convinced that it is the correct procedure. It was
entirely feasible to establish about 70 phonetic shifts which have
transformed Cheyenne from normal Algonquian into divergent Algonquian.
Toward the close of May Doctor Michelson left for Oklahoma and renewed
his work with the Cheyenne of that State. He restored phonetically the
material extracted from Petter, with the result that it is now possible
to formulate the transforming phonetic shifts with greater nicety.
He also measured a number of Cheyenne. Though the number is not yet
large enough to be absolutely decisive in a statistical sense, there
is good reason to believe that the vault of their skulls is low, thus
resembling the Dakota Sioux rather than most Algonquian tribes. Some
new data on Cheyenne social life and mythology were obtained. It was
his privilege to consult with some other anthropologists in Oklahoma
and to visit one museum.
John P. Harrington, ethnologist, was engaged during the summer of
1930 in the preparation of his report on the Indians who were brought
together at San Juan Bautista Mission in the first half of the
nineteenth century by the Spanish-speaking padres from various parts
of San Benito County, Calif., and the adjacent region. A valuable
vocabulary of the language, recorded by Father Felipe Arroyo de la
Cuesta, had already been published by the Smithsonian Institution
in the sixties of the last century, but aside from this vocabulary
there was little or nothing in print on these Indians. Elaborating a
wealth of material obtained from Mrs. Ascención Solórsano, the last
San Juan Indian who spoke the language, who died in January, 1930,
Mr. Harrington prepared a report on all phases of the life of these
Indians, as far as reconstructable. This report tells of the remarkable
way in which the language and partial ethnography were rescued from
this sole survivor, and then proceeds to the history, geography, and
customs of the tribe, including all that could be learned of former
religion, ceremony, and mythology.
Mrs. Solórsano was an Indian herb doctor, and a feature of the work
during the summer of 1929 had been to obtain specimens and information
to cover the ethnobotany of the tribe. Further specimens were obtained
in the summer of 1930 by Mrs. Dionisia Mondragón and Miss Marta J.
Herrera, daughter and granddaughter of Mrs. Solórsano, and these were
all identified by Mr. C. V. Morton, of the National Herbarium. This
section gives the treatment for curing some 60 different ailments with
these herbs and by other curious means. It forms a nucleus for making
comparative studies in Indian medicine.
At the end of January, 1931, Mr. Harrington left for California for
the purpose of continuing his studies in this region, this time
specializing on the Esselen and Antoniano Indians in the southern part
of Monterey County. Taking the specimens of San Juan Bautista plants
with him and arriving in wild-flower season, a thorough collecting of
plants was rewarded with a great mass of information which further
elucidated much of the San Juan plant material. This collecting was
done in several places in southern Monterey County and simultaneously
in San Benito County. Seeds used for food were actually made up into
the food product to get the primitive process, and the same method was
followed in the study of medicines.
Along with the plants the field of ethnozoology was thoroughly covered
and practically all the animals known to these Indians were identified.
Specimens were obtained, especially of birds, which proved to be the
most difficult field for identification in the collecting of animal
names, and the skins were identified by the division of birds of the
National Museum. Eight different kinds of snakes were known by name and
identified.
One of the rarest features of the work was the obtaining of a number
of old Indian place names in the Old Esselen country, the western
tributary of the Salinas River known as the Arroyo Seco. A study of
the place names resulted in the discovery that the Esselen were not a
coastal but an inland people, inhabiting the Arroyo Seco and a section
of the Salinas River and centered about Soledad Mission. They were one
of the smallest tribes in California, and the name properly begins with
an h; they were known in the San Juan Bautista from all that section of
California. The expedition went from Monterey to the Aguage de Martin
and from there climbed the mountain. Some 40 exposures were made of
the various rocks connected with the ceremonies and the springs and
camps, and several hundred pages of notes were taken down in California
Spanish from Don Angel and others dealing with the history of these
ceremonies and the life of Mariana and Joaquin Murrieta. On the way
back to the coast the Cruz Cervantes ranch was visited, where Murrieta
and Mariana were equipped by Don Cruz for starting their war against
the Americans.
An examination of place names and village sites and linguistic
studies occupied Mr. Harrington up to the end of June. Not only were
vocabularies of early recording utilized but the invaluable records
contained in the old mission books were, through the courtesy of
Bishop McGinley, of Fresno, placed at the disposal of the Smithsonian
Institution for copying, and a considerable part of these books has
already been copied and revised with the aid of the oldest Indians.
Dr. F. H. H. Roberts, jr., archeologist, devoted the fiscal year to a
number of activities. During the months of July, August, and September,
excavations at a site on the Zuñi reservation, 16 miles northeast of
the Indian village of Zuñi, were brought to a conclusion. The work had
been started the latter part of May, 1930. At the end of the season’s
field work the ruins of two houses, one containing 64 rooms, the other
20 rooms, and a number of ceremonial chambers had been cleared of the
débris which had accumulated in them in the centuries which have passed
since their abandonment.
Evidence showed that the largest of the houses had not been erected as
a complete unit and that it was not occupied in its entirety at any
time. The central block, together with a superceremonial chamber placed
at its southern side, constituted the original block of the structure.
Subsequent additions consisted of an east-and-west wing and a series of
chambers south of the original portion and east of the great ceremonial
chamber. Masonry in the walls of the latter portions was inferior to
that in the original section. The outlines of the rooms in these same
portions of the building were so irregular that they appeared to have
been built by a different group of people. The walls in the original
section were constructed in a style characteristic of the ruins in the
Chaco Canyon, 85 miles northeast from the Zuñi region. The stonework in
the latter portions of the building was suggestive of the type found in
the ruins of the Upper Gila area to the south.
The small house did not give evidence of growth stages as distinct as
those observed in the large building; it did show, however, that a
fairly small structure had been added to on various occasions. The
walls in this building were of the same nature as those in the later
portions of the larger dwelling, except that the stones were more
carefully dressed. This suggested that the small house may have been
built by the same group which erected the later portions of the large
one.
In addition to the two houses and seven small ceremonial chambers two
great kivas were found. Only one of these was excavated. In the case
of the other it was possible merely to trace the outer walls in order
to obtain the size and position of the structure. The finding of these
two great kivas was significant because investigations in the Southwest
have shown that such structures are always associated with some form
of the Chaco culture. The great kiva connected with the larger of the
two dwellings revealed one of the essential characteristics of such
structures when the débris which filled it was removed. It had an
average diameter of 55 feet. The second of these large circular houses
was completely detached from the other buildings in the village and had
been placed in a court formed by the other structures. It averaged 78
feet in diameter, which makes it the largest yet discovered.
The excavations yielded 400 specimens of the people’s handicraft in
addition to the information on house types. Included in the collection
are pottery vessels, tools or implements of stone and bone, ornaments,
and a number of stone images. The pottery is characterized by examples
typical of the Chaco Canyon wares and also specimens characteristic
of the Upper Gila region to the south. The summer’s investigations
demonstrate that the village on the Zuñi reservation belongs to the
great period of the prehistoric pueblos; that designated as Pueblo III
in southwestern chronology. The evidence obtained also indicates that
there was a fusion of two groups of people at this location: One, the
first to arrive, came from the Chaco area in the north, and the other
from the Upper Gila villages in the south. Charred timbers obtained
from the ruins enabled Dr. A. E. Douglas, of the University of Arizona,
to give the dates 1000 to 1030 A. D. for the life of the community.
Upon the completion of the above work one week was spent in making an
archeological survey on the Zuñi reservation and in the region west
and northwest from that district. As a result of the reconnaissance, a
promising site for further investigations was found. Following this,
a trip was made to Cortez, Colo., for the purpose of inspecting ruins
being excavated by Lee Dawson near the opening into McElmo Canyon,
4 miles southwest from Cortez. It was found that Mr. Dawson had an
unusually interesting group of unit-type houses on his property. Of
particular interest were the kivas or ceremonial chambers associated
with these structures. In many of them the walls had been ornamented
with a series of paintings placed in bands encircling the walls. From
Cortez the writer went to Denver and from there returned to Washington
the middle of October.
During the winter months, galley, page, and final proofs were read on
Bulletin 100, a report on work conducted during the summer of 1929,
entitled “The Ruins of Kiatuthlanna, Eastern Arizona.” In addition, the
specimens brought in from the summer field work were studied. Drawings
and photographs were made of them for use in a report on the work. Six
hundred pages of manuscript, entitled “The Village of the Great Kivas
on the Zuñi Reservation, New Mexico,” was prepared. Thirty text figures
were drawn to accompany this manuscript.
Doctor Roberts left Washington May 14, 1931, for Denver, Colo., for
the purpose of inspecting and studying the specimens obtained by the
Smithsonian Institution-University of Denver Cooperative Expedition in
the summer of 1930 and also for the purpose of examining collections
in the Colorado State Museum. He left Denver on May 25 for Santa
Fe, N. Mex. At the latter place two days were spent in studying the
collections at the Laboratory of Anthropology and at the Museum of New
Mexico. From Santa Fe he proceeded to Gallup, N. Mex., where supplies
were obtained for a field camp. From Gallup this material was taken to
a site 3½ miles south of Allan town, Ariz., where a camp was established
and excavations started on the remains of a large pit-house village.
One refuse mound containing 12 burials with accompanying mortuary
offerings and two pit houses had been investigated at the close of the
fiscal year.
The pit houses were found to be characteristic of that type and quite
comparable to those excavated in the Chaco Canyon in 1927, reported in
Bulletin 92 of the Bureau of American Ethnology, and to those excavated
in eastern Arizona in the summer of 1929, described in Bulletin 100 of
the bureau.
From July 1, 1930, to May 10, 1931, J. N. B. Hewitt, ethnologist, was
engaged in routine office work, and from the latter date to the end of
the fiscal year he was engaged in field service on the Grant of the Six
Nations on the Grand River in Ontario, Canada, and, briefly, on the
Tuscarora reservation in western New York State.
Mr. Hewitt devoted much time and study to rearranging and retyping some
of his native Iroquoian texts which critical revisions and additional
data had made necessary to facilitate interlinear translations and to
render such texts as legible as possible for the printer.
The texts so treated are the Cayuga version of the founding of the
League of the Iroquois as dictated by the late Chief Abram Charles;
the version of the Eulogy of the Founders as dictated by Chief Jacob
Hess in Cayuga, and also his versions of the addresses introducing
the several chants; also, four of the myths of the Wind and Vegetable
Gods which are usually represented by wooden faces and husk faces
(which are customarily misnamed masks, although their chief purpose
is to represent, not to mask). The Onondaga texts of these myths were
in great need of careful revision, for their relator was extremely
careless in his use of the persons and the tenses of the verbs,
frequently changing from the third to the second person and from
past to future time by unconsciously employing the language of the
rites peculiar to the faces; and also the decipherment of a set of
pictographs or mnemonic figures, designed and employed by the late
Chief Abram Charles, of the Grand River Reservation in Canada, to
recall to his mind the official names and their order of the 49 federal
chiefs of the Council of the League of the Iroquois, in chanting the
Eulogy of the Founders of the League; and also to recall the 15
sections or burdens of the great Requickening Address of the Council of
Condolence and Installation; this paper with illustrations is nearly
ready for the printer; and also a critical study of the matter of the
Onondaga and the Cayuga texts, giving the several variant versions of
the events attending the birth and childhood and work of Deganawida.
He was born of a virgin mother, which indicated that underlying them
there appeared to be an ideal figure, although of course unexpressed.
This discovery showed the need for thorough search in the field for
a living tradition in which this ideal is fully expressed. Further
search was deferred to field work. It was clear that such an ideal
enhanced the beauty of the birth story of Deganawida and made more
interesting the historicity of such a person. Mr. Hewitt had the great
satisfaction of recovering such a tradition in his subsequent field
researches. He found that the inferiority complex had precluded his
present informants from expressing themselves during the lifetime of
other informants, whose recent deaths opened their mouths without the
fear of contradiction. The death of Abram Charles within the year made
these shy informants vocal.
In January Matthew W. Stirling, chief of the Bureau of American
Ethnology, requested Mr. Hewitt to undertake the editing of the
Manuscript Journal of Rudolph Friederich Kurz, of Berne, Switzerland,
in the manner in which he had prepared the Edwin Thompson Denig Report
on the Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri River, published in the
Forty-sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. The
Kurz manuscript was written in German during the years 1846 to 1852.
The typed German text consists of 454 pages of large legal-cap size,
while the English translation of it by Myrtis Jarrell occupies 780
pages. The journal is a narrative of Mr. Kurz’s experiences in a trip
up the Mississippi River from New Orleans to St. Louis, thence up the
Missouri to Fort Union at the mouth of the Yellowstone River, and of
his difficulties with the Indians while endeavoring to make drawings
or pictures of them. There are 125 pen sketches of Indians and others
accompanying the manuscript.
Mr. Hewitt represents the Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian
Institution, on the United States Geographic Board, and is a member
of its executive committee. In connection with the forthcoming issue
of the sixth report of this board much extra work had to be done by
members of the executive committee. Mr. Hewitt prepared a memorandum
for a portion of the introduction. Mr. Hewitt also devoted much time
and study to the collection and preparation of data for official
replies to correspondents of the bureau, some demanding long research.
Miss Mae W. Tucker has assisted Mr. Hewitt in the care of the
manuscript and phonograph and photograph records of the archives.
On May 10, 1931, Mr. Hewitt left Washington, D. C., on field duty and
returned to the bureau July 2, 1931. During this trip he visited the
Grand River grant of the Six Nations of Iroquois Indians dwelling near
Brantford, Canada, and also the Tuscarora Reservation near Niagara
Falls, N. Y.
Winslow M. Walker was appointed to the staff of the Bureau of American
Ethnology as associate anthropologist in March, 1931. He resumed his
research in Hawaiian archeology, begun during a year’s stay in the
Hawaiian Islands in 1929, in preparation for a paper on Hawaiian
sculpture.
In preparation for work in the field Mr. Walker undertook research
in the early narratives of exploration in Louisiana and Arkansas. He
left Washington May 29 to investigate some caves in the vicinity of
Gilbert, Ark., in the Ozark Mountains, with the hope of being able to
throw new light on the Ozark bluff dwellers and other early inhabitants
of the caves. Sixteen caves were explored and excavations were made
in several of the most promising. A large cave at Cedar Grove yielded
several skeletons and a considerable number of stone, flint, and bone
artifacts. As the fiscal year closed Mr. Walker was still engaged in
excavating this cavern. He intends to make a brief survey of certain
mounds and village sites along the Red River Valley in the northern
part of Louisiana on the completion of his work in Arkansas.
SPECIAL RESEARCHES
The study of Indian music for the Bureau of American Ethnology has
been carried forward during the past year by Miss Frances Densmore.
The three phases of this research are (1) the recording of songs and
collecting of other material in the field, including the purchase
of specimens; (2) the transcription and analysis of songs, with the
development of information; and (3) the preparation of material for
publication. All these phases have received attention during the year,
and the songs of three hitherto unstudied localities have been recorded.
Early in July, 1930, Miss Densmore went to Grand Portage, an isolated
Chippewa village on Lake Superior, near the Canadian boundary. This
village was visited in 1905, a ceremony was witnessed, and one of
its songs written down; therefore a return to Grand Portage was
particularly interesting. The purpose of the trip was to witness the
Chippewa dances on the Fourth of July, but she remained more than three
weeks, continuing her study of native customs. Several songs of the
_Wabunowin_ were heard and translated, these resembling the songs of
the Grand Medicine, which formed a subject of intensive study during
1907-1911. She also witnessed the tipi-shaking of an Indian medicine
man and listened to his songs for almost an hour. This performance is
very rare at the present time. Although the evening was quiet, the
tipi was seen to sway as though buffeted by a tempest, then remain
motionless a few seconds and again shake convulsively. This was
continuous while Miss Densmore watched the performance and was said
to have continued several hours afterwards. Inside the tipi sat the
medicine man, believed to be talking with spirits whom he had summoned,
the spirits making known their presence by the shaking of the conical
structure. The next day the medicine man said that he had summoned
the spirits in order to ascertain whether his treatment of a certain
sick man would be successful. He said that if the spirits “spoke loud
and clear” the man would recover, but if their voices were faint the
man would die. The response was said to have been satisfactory, and
accordingly he instituted a “beneficial dance,” which was attended by
Miss Densmore, and the songs heard for a considerable time. These,
like the songs in the tipi, resembled the songs of the Chippewa Grand
Medicine Society.
The study of Indian music was continued by a trip to Kilbourn, Wis.,
during August and September. Two pageants are given simultaneously at
the Dalles of the Wisconsin River, near Kilbourn, each employing about
100 Indians. In the pageants the swan and hoop dance, as well as war
and social dances of the Winnebago, were seen. The dances of other
tribes presented in the pageants included the eagle dance and other
pueblo dances. Songs of the swan, hoop, and frog dances were later
recorded by leading pageant singers.
At Kilbourn Miss Densmore recorded numerous songs of Pueblo Indians
from Isleta and Cochiti, these consisting chiefly of corn-grinding and
war songs. The words of these songs are highly poetic and many of the
melodies resemble Acoma songs in structure.
As John Bearskin and his family were traveling from Kilbourn to their
home in Nebraska they passed through Red Wing, Minn., and songs were
recorded at Miss Densmore’s home. Bearskin recorded three complete sets
of the Winnebago medicine lodge songs and a set of Buffalo feast songs.
In January, 1931, Miss Densmore went to Washington, where she worked on
the preparation of material for publication, and proceeded thence to
Miami, Fla., where she began a study of Seminole music, recording songs
of the corn dance from the man who leads the singing in that ceremony;
also the songs that precede a hunting expedition. The customs of the
Seminole were studied and a collection of specimens was obtained. This
collection includes two complete costumes and is now the property of
the United States National Museum.
The second phase of the research is represented by eight manuscripts
which include the transcriptions and analyses of 77 songs and two
flute melodies recorded by Winnebago, Isleta, Cochiti, and Seminole
Indians. The cumulative analyses of Indian songs has been continued and
now comprises 1,553 songs. The 14 tables submitted during this year
constitute a comparison between a large series of Nootka and Quileute
songs and the songs previously analyzed by the same method.
The third phase of work comprised the preparation for publication of
“Menominee Music” and “Acoma Music.”
Frank M. Setzler, assistant curator, division of archeology, United
States National Museum, was detailed to the bureau for the purpose
of conducting an archeological investigation in Texas. After briefly
examining several sites at Victoria and Brownsville along the Gulf
coast, he excavated four caves and one rock shelter on the Mollie B.
Knight ranch, in Presidio County, and visited several other caverns in
the vicinity.
From one large cave a total of 70 specimens, including baskets,
matting, cradles, sandals, beads, corn, gourd shards, and one skeleton,
were recovered. No pottery or evidence of European influence was found.
Although the site is only 150 miles east of a marginal Basket-Maker
culture, no local trace was found of these early southwestern people.
The material differs in some respects from any other in the Museum and
more research will be required before it can be definitely identified.
EDITORIAL WORK AND PUBLICATIONS
The editing of the publications of the bureau was continued through the
year by Stanley Searles, editor, assisted by Mrs. Frances S. Nichols,
editorial assistant. The status of the publications is presented in the
following summary:
PUBLICATIONS ISSUED
Forty-fifth Annual Report. Accompanying papers: The Salishan
Tribes of the Western Plateaus (Teit, edited by Boas);
Tattooing and Face and Body Painting of the Thompson Indians,
British Columbia (Teit, edited by Boas); The Ethnobotany of
the Thompson Indians of British Columbia (Steedman); The Osage
Tribe: Rite of the Wa-xo-be (La Flesche). vii + 857 pp., 29
pls., 47 figs.
Forty-sixth Annual Report. Accompanying papers: Anthropological
Survey in Alaska (Hrdlička); Report to the Honorable Isaac S.
Stevens, Governor of Washington Territory, on the Indian Tribes
of the Upper Missouri (Denig, edited by Hewitt). vii + 654 pp.,
80 pls., 35 figs.
Bulletin 96. Early Pueblo Ruins in the Piedra District,
Southwestern Colorado (Roberts). ix + 190 pp., 55 pls., 40 figs.
Bulletin 97. The Kamia of Imperial Valley (Gifford). vii + 94
pp., 2 pls., 4 figs.
Bulletin 100. The Ruins at Kiatuthlanna, Eastern Arizona
(Roberts). viii + 195 pp., 47 pls., 31 figs.
PUBLICATIONS IN PRESS
Forty-seventh Annual Report. Accompanying papers: The Acoma
Indians (White); Isleta, New Mexico (Parsons); Introduction to
Zuñi Ceremonialism (Bunzel); Zuñi Origin Myths (Bunzel); Zuñi
Ritual Poetry (Bunzel); Zuñi Katcinas (Bunzel).
Bulletin 94. Tobacco Among the Karuk Indians of California
(Harrington).
Bulletin 98. Tales of the Cochiti Indians (Benedict).
Bulletin 99. Cherokee Sacred Formulas and Medicinal
Prescriptions (Mooney and Olbrechts).
Bulletin 102. Menominee Music (Densmore).
Bulletin 103. Source Material for the Social and Ceremonial
Life of the Choctaw Indians (Swanton).
Bulletin 104. A survey of the Ruins in the Region of Flagstaff,
Arizona (Colton).
Bulletin 105. Notes on the Wapanowiweni (Michelson).
DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLICATIONS
The distribution of the publications of the bureau has been continued
under the charge of Miss Helen Munroe, assisted by Miss Emma B. Powers.
Publications distributed were as follows:
Annual Report volumes and separates 6,003
Bulletins and separates 13,924
Contributions to North American Ethnology 33
Miscellaneous publications 515
------
Total 20,475
As compared with the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930, there was a
decrease of 4,393. This decrease is mainly in the distribution of
bulletins and separates, and possibly is largely explained by the very
large number of separates from the Handbook which were sent in the
previous year to the many groups of Camp Fire Girls. No great demand
from any one group was received during the past fiscal year.
Twenty-eight addresses were added to the mailing list during the year
and 20 were taken off. The mailing list now stands at 1,635 in addition
to the members of the staff of the bureau and other branches of the
Institution who receive the publications regularly as issued.
ILLUSTRATIONS
Following is a summary of work accomplished in the illustration branch
of the bureau under the supervision of De Lancey Gill, illustrator:
Photographs and drawings retouched, lettered, and otherwise
made ready for engraving 748
Drawings made, including maps, diagrams, etc. 48
Engravers’ proofs criticized 524
Printed editions of colored plates examined at Government
Printing Office 7,000
Correspondence attended to (letters) 135
Photographs selected and catalogued for private publication 310
Photolaboratory work by Dr. A. J. Olmsted, National Museum,
in cooperation with the Bureau of American Ethnology:
Negatives 154
Prints 335
Lantern slides 91
Films developed from field exposures 48
During the early part of the calendar year Miss Mae W. Tucker was
detailed to this branch to assist in listing and cataloguing the great
collection of Indian negatives already classified by Mr. Gill in
previous years. Of the purely ethnologic subjects, including portraits,
arts, and industries, the list will embrace more than 7,000 units. This
work, so long delayed, has progressed most satisfactorily.
LIBRARY
The reference library has continued under the care of Miss Ella Leary,
librarian, assisted by Thomas Blackwell.
During the year 600 volumes were accessioned, of which 97 were
acquired by purchase, 100 by binding of periodicals, and 403 by
gift and exchange; also 190 pamphlets and 3,500 serials, chiefly
the publications of learned societies, were received and recorded,
of which 28 were obtained by purchase, the remainder being received
through exchange, giving us at the close of the year a working library
of 26,671 volumes, 16,717 pamphlets, and several thousand unbound
periodicals. Books loaned during the year numbered 975 volumes. During
the year 473 volumes were bound. In addition to the use of its own
library, which is becoming more valuable through exchange and by
limited purchase, it was found necessary to draw on the Library of
Congress for the loan of about 250 volumes, and in turn the bureau
library was frequently consulted by officers of other Government
establishments, as well as by students not connected with the
Smithsonian Institution. The purchase of books and periodicals has
been restricted to such as relate to the bureau’s researches. During
the year the cataloguing has been carried on as new accessions were
acquired and good progress was made in cataloguing ethnologic and
related articles in the earlier serials. The catalogue was increased by
the addition of 3,500 cards. A considerable amount of reference work
was done in the usual course of the library’s service to investigators
and students, both in the Smithsonian Institution and outside.
COLLECTIONS
Accession No.
111046. Human skeletal material from a gravel bed along the Patuxent
River, Md., collected by T. Dale Stewart on June 16, 1930.
(12 specimens.)
111697. About 100 crania and parts of skeletons from Safety Harbor,
Fla., collected by M. W. Stirling. (139 specimens.)
111961. Miniature clay toys made by Navajo Indian children and
collected by Dr. W. H. Spinks at Chin Lee, Ariz., and 15
snapshots. (37 specimens.)
112277. Collection of 802 ivory specimens, etc., secured by Dr. A.
Hrdlička along the Kuskokwim in 1930 from funds supplied
by the bureau. (802 specimens.)
112393. Archeological and skeletal material collected by Dr. F. H. H.
Roberts, jr., during the summer of 1929 from a site in
Arizona. (553 specimens.)
112888. Archeological material from the vicinity of Tampa Bay, Fla.,
collected by M. W. Stirling in 1930. (115 specimens.)
114648. Skeletal material from Horr’s Island, Collier County, Fla.,
collected during February and March, 1931, by M. W.
Stirling. (150 specimens.)
PROPERTY
Office equipment was purchased to the amount of $571.25.
MISCELLANEOUS
The correspondence and other clerical work of the office has been
conducted by Miss May S. Clark, clerk to the chief, assisted by Anthony
W. Wilding, clerk. Miss Mae W. Tucker, stenographer, was engaged in
copying manuscript material for Doctor Swanton and in assisting Mr.
Hewitt in his work as custodian of manuscripts and phonograph records.
The manuscript Dictionary of * * * Indian Languages of North, Central,
and South America and the West Indies, compiled by W. R. Gerard, which
was in danger of becoming illegible due to the frayed condition of the
paper on which it was written and the faded writing, has been copied
by Miss Tucker. Work was begun on the catalogue of the photographic
negatives belonging to the bureau. To date approximately 7,000
negatives have been listed.
During the course of the year information was furnished by members
of the staff in reply to numerous inquiries concerning the North
American Indians, both past and present, and the Mexican peoples of the
prehistoric and early historic periods to the south. Various specimens
sent to the bureau were identified and data on them furnished for their
owners.
_Personnel._--Winslow M. Walker was appointed as associate
anthropologist on the staff of the bureau on March 6, 1931.
Miss May S. Clark, clerk, retired June 30, 1931.
Respectfully submitted.
M. W. STIRLING, _Chief_.
Dr. C. G. ABBOT,
_Secretary, Smithsonian Institution._
ACCOMPANYING PAPER
GENERAL INDEX
ANNUAL REPORTS
OF THE
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
VOLS. 1 TO 48
(1879 TO 1931)
[WASHINGTON, D. C., 1881-1933]
COMPILED BY
BIREN BONNERJEA
CONTENTS
Page
Preface 29
Subject index 33
List of annual reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology 1185
Index to authors and titles 1205
Obituary 1221
PREFACE
To the cultural anthropologist, as also to the archeologist, the United
States of America offer an unusually rich field in being a region where
civilized and primitive races exist side by side, where languages
belonging to totally different linguistic stocks are still spoken
by isolated tribes differing from each other in their cultural and
physical aspects, and where traces of lost civilizations indicating the
antiquity of man are being unearthed every day. The Bureau of American
Ethnology, since its beginning in 1879, has attempted to preserve these
ancient records for posterity; and its annual reports are a veritable
storehouse of information on languages and customs of tribes, many of
whom have already disappeared and others are fast disappearing. In
fact, it would be safe to assert that there is no one series of books
containing so much material about the North American aborigines as
these annual reports.
The present index had its origin some years ago when, on my arrival
in America, I frequently had occasion to use the annual reports. Out
of the vast amount of material contained in some 30,000 pages it was
often extremely difficult, if not altogether impossible, to find
any particular item. To save time and trouble I collected certain
references to subjects in which I was interested. It then occurred to
me that a general index to the reports might be useful to others too,
and on my suggesting the matter to the Chief of the Bureau of American
Ethnology it met with his approval. So what began as a mere handful of
references of a very special nature has ended in being a general index.
Originally it was my intention to include only those volumes which were
published during the first 50 years of the existence of the bureau, but
owing to technical and other difficulties it was found advisable to
publish my “Index” as the accompanying paper to the Forty-eighth Annual
Report. Therefore, after my whole manuscript was prepared and ready for
the press, I included in it the report for the fifty-first year of the
bureau. Moreover, owing to the portly proportions this work has already
assumed, my former plan of including an index to illustrations had
to be abandoned. I hope, however, to be able to publish this at some
future date.
It is my pleasant duty to thank, first of all, the Chief of the Bureau
of American Ethnology, Mr. Matthew W. Stirling, for allowing this paper
to be published in the series of annual reports, and for the uniformly
courteous treatment I have received from him.
Dr. Truman Michelson and Dr. John R. Swanton, both of the same bureau,
have very kindly given me the benefit of their wide experience, and
have offered me many valuable hints on how an index may be of the
utmost value to its user. I take this opportunity of expressing my
gratitude to them; but I wish it to be understood that they are in no
way responsible for any mistakes I may have made.
I also must not forget to express my genuine appreciation of the
excellent indexing work of Mrs. Frances S. Nichols, without which my
labor would have been considerably increased. For indexing the reports
of the last few years I have done very little except to classify
and rearrange the work of Mrs. Nichols, with slight additions and
alterations here and there in order to obtain uniformity for the whole
work.
I also wish to thank all the officials of the Bureau of American
Ethnology with whom I came in contact during my frequent visits to that
institution for their unfailing courtesy and willing cooperation.
BIREN BONNERJEA.
WASHINGTON, D. C., _December 25, 1931._
INDEX REFERENCES
The references in the index are as follows:
Vol. 2 Zuñi (pp. 3-45); Iroquois (pp. 47-116); Navaho (pp. 167-178).
Vol. 3 Omaha (pp. 205-370); Navaho (pp. 371-391).
Vol. 5 Cherokee (pp. 121-378); Navaho (pp. 379-467); Seminole (pp.
469-531); Zuñi (from p. 533).
Vol. 6 Maya (pp. 253-371); Osage (pp. 373-397); Central Eskimo
(from p. 399).
Vol. 7 Ojibwa (pp. 143-300); Cherokee (pp. 301-397).
Vol. 8 Navaho (from p. 229).
Vol. 9 Point Barrow Eskimo (to p. 441); Apache (from p. 443).
Vol. 11 Sia (to p. 157); Eskimo of Ungava District (pp. 159-350);
Siouan tribes (from p. 351).
Vol. 13 Omaha (pp. 263-288); Zuñi (from p. 321).
Vol. 14 Menomini (to p. 328).
Vol. 15 Siouan tribes (pp. 153-244); Tusayan (pp. 245-313).
Vol. 16 Peruvian (to p. 72); Maya (pp. 199-265); Tusayan (from p.
267).
Vol. 17 Seri (pp. 1-128, 129*-344*); Kiowa (pp. 129-445); Navaho
(pp. 469-517).
Vol. 18 Eskimo of Bering Strait (to p. 518).
Vol. 19 Cherokee (to p. 548); Tusayan (pp. 573-653, 957-1011); Maya
(pp. 693-819).
Vol. 21 Hopi (to p. 126); Iroquois (from p. 127).
Vol. 22, i Maya (pp. 197-305).
Vol. 22, ii Pawnee.
Vol. 23 Zuñi.
Vol. 25 Porto Rican (to p. 320).
Vol. 26 Pima (to p. 389); Tlingit (from p. 391).
Vol. 27 Omaha.
Vol. 28 Tewa Indians.
Vol. 30 Zuñi (to p. 102); Guiana Indians (from p. 103).
Vol. 31 Tsimshian.
Vol. 32 Seneca Indian.
Vol. 33 Hawaiian (from p. 285).
Vol. 34 Antillean.
Vol. 35 Kwakiutl.
Vol. 36 Osage.
Vol. 37 Winnebago.
Vol. 38 Guiana Indian.
Vol. 39 Osage.
Vol. 40 Fox Indian.
Vol. 42 Creek Indian (to p. 672).
Vol. 43 Osage (to p. 164); Wawenock (pp. 165-197); Mohegan (pp.
199-287); Picurís (pp. 289-447); Iroquois (from p. 449).
Vol. 44 Chickasaw (pp. 169-273); Chippewa (pp. 275-397).
Vol. 45 Salishan tribes (to p. 396); Thompson Indians (pp.
397-522); Osage (from p. 523).
Vol. 46 Alaska (to p. 374); Upper Missouri tribes (from p. 375).
Vol. 47 Acoma (to p. 192); Isleta (pp. 193-466); Zuñi (from p.
467).
Acoma, 47;
Alaska, 46;
Antillean, 34;
Apache, 9;
Assiniboin, 46;
Bering Strait, Eskimo of, 18;
Central Eskimo, 6;
Cherokee, 5, 7, 19;
Chickasaw, 44;
Chippewa, 44;
Coeur d’Alêne, 45;
Creek, 42;
Eskimo, Central, 6;
Eskimo of Bering Strait, 18;
Eskimo of Point Barrow, 9;
Eskimo of Ungava District, 11;
Flathead, 45;
Fox, 40;
Guiana Indian, 30, 38;
Hawaiian, 33;
Hopi, 21;
Iroquois, 2, 21, 43;
Isleta, 47;
Kiowa, 17;
Kwakiutl, 35;
Maya, 6, 16, 19, 22, i;
Menomini, 14;
Mohegan, 43;
Navaho, 2, 3, 5, 8, 17;
Ojibwa, 7;
Okanagon, 45;
Omaha, 3, 13, 27;
Osage, 6, 36, 39, 43, 45;
Pawnee, 22, ii;
Peru, 16;
Picurís, 43;
Pima, 26;
Point Barrow Eskimo, 9;
Porto Rico, 25;
Salishan tribes, 45;
Seminole, 5;
Seneca, 32;
Seri, 17;
Sia, 11;
Siouan tribes, 11, 15;
Tewa, 28;
Thompson Indians, 45;
Tlingit, 26;
Tsimshian, 31;
Tusayan, 15, 16, 19;
Ungava District, Eskimo of, 11;
Upper Missouri tribes, 46;
Wawenock, 43;
Winnebago, 37;
Zuñi, 2, 5, 13, 23, 30, 47.
PART I
SUBJECT INDEX
And according ti tribal classification they are as follows:
=A´ăkakimbawi´ut=, Caddo name of Ghost Dance =14=: 791.
=Aaltû=
fraternities, ceremonies celebrated by =21=: 23.
religious society at Walpi, sources and census of =19=: 623, 627.
_See also_ =Alosaka=.
=A´-an Hi´tŭpăkĭ=, Pima village =26=: 24.
=Aä´ninĕna=
an Arapaho division =14=: 955.
an Arapaho synonym =14=: 1013.
=Äanóñte.= _See_ =Dohásän=.
=Aanû´hawă=, an Arapaho division =14=: 956.
=Ââpap Anton.= _See_ =Maricopa Antoine=.
=Aape.= _See_ =Ape=.
=Abacu=, a mnemonic device of Chinese and Greeks =10=: 226.
=Abagh= day symbol discussed =16=: 229.
=Abalone=
blanket covered with =35=: 701, 777, 778.
hat covered with =35=: 701, 777, 778.
in Tlingit mythology =26=: 459.
Tlingit and Haida names for =26=: 476.
=Abalone Bow=, explanation of, tale of =31=: 284, 835.
=Abalone Names= =35=: 1267, 1275.
of the Awīk·!ēnoxᵘ, origin of =35=: 1261.
of the GwaᵋsEla, origin of =35=: 1269.
=Abalone Shell=, game called =47=: 241.
=Abalone Shells= =35=: 685, 777, 1069, 1262, 1272.
beads of =44=: 164 _sq._
dishes of =44=: 146 _sq._
fishhooks made of =44=: 139.
gorgets of =44=: 139.
ornaments of =28=: 143.
pendants of =44=: 149, 150, 153.
rim pendants of =44=: 148.
ring-shaped ornaments of =44=: 154.
used as nose ornament =31=: 53.
=Abbe, _Prof._ Cleveland=, eclipse explained to the Indians by =4=:
125.
=Abbes, H.= =46=: 367.
=Abbott, _Judge_ A. J.=, references to =29=: 410, 423.
=Abbott, C. C.= =46=: 332, 333, 351.
cited =12=: 680, 702, 705, 706.
definition of gorgets by =13=: 117.
described bird totems =2=: 284.
designation of turtlebacks =13=: 136.
Eskimo charms and amulets =13=: 115.
jasper clubs =13=: 143.
Kiowa ceremonial image =13=: 116.
on abundance of stone axes =13=: 63.
on capture of _taime_ =17=: 325.
plummet found in mortar by =13=: 98.
stone sinkers =13=: 97.
turtleback finds of, discussed =15=: 30.
use of bird-shape stones =13=: 98.
use of perforated stones =13=: 98.
=Abbott, ----=, on effect of Georgia anti-Cherokee laws =19=: 118.
=Abbreviated Katcina=
dances, description of =21=: 56.
fraternities taking part in =21=: 23.
of Tusayan =15=: 254, 292.
_See also_ =Soyohim Katcinas=.
=Abbreviations=
in signs =1=: 338.
key to =30=: 107, 113-116.
=Abeita, Felipe=, a governor =47=: 254.
=Abeita, Juan=, Isleta informant =47=: 201.
=Abeita, Juan Trinida=, a governor =47=: 254.
=Abeita, Pablo=
a Federal judge =47=: 254.
story concerning =47=: 207.
=Abeita, Rufina=, mention of =47=: 258.
=Abell, W. H.=, Kiowa agent in 1894 =17=: 226.
=Abenaki Indians=
retirement of, to Canada =43=: 175.
territory occupied by =43=: 170.
_See also_ =Abnakis=; =Abnaquies=.
=Abenaki of Becancour=, a synonym of Wawenock =43=: 173.
=Abenaki, St. Francis.= _See_ =St. Francis Abenaki=.
=Abert, _Lieut._ J. W.=
on Chibili =29=: 531.
on Cochiti =29=: 439.
on Poguate =29=: 539.
on San Felipe =29=: 500.
on Santo Domingo =29=: 449.
=Abies Balsamea=
medicinal constituents of =44=: 303.
medicinal properties of =44=: 299.
use of =44=: 299.
=Abies Grandis= =45=: 462, 482, 496, 509.
=Abies sp.= =45=: 462, 484.
=Abihka=
a White town =42=: 254.
ceremonial title of =42=: 307, 614.
clans of, furnishing chiefs and henihas =42=: 194.
clans, phratries and moieties of =42=: 158, 159.
connection of, with origin of Upper Creeks =42=: 40.
early history of =42=: 50.
legendary association of, with Coweta =42=: 53.
mention of =42=: 36, 348.
one of four leading towns =42=: 548.
the gateway to the Creek country =42=: 307.
=Abihka-in-the-West=
allocation of clans in beds at =42=: 201-204.
arrangement of square ground of =42=: 206, 208.
clan council of =42=: 123.
clans of, furnishing chiefs and henihas =42=: 192.
clans, phratries and moieties of =42=: 158 _sq._
position of beds at =42=: 198.
Upper Creek White town =42=: 123, 254.
=Abihka=, near Eufaula.
allocation of clans in beds at =42=: 201-204.
arrangement of square ground of =42=: 206, 207.
clans of, furnishing chiefs and henihas =42=: 192.
position of beds at =42=: 198.
=Abihkutci=
allocation of clans in beds at =42=: 201-204.
arrangement of square ground of =42=: 212, 221.
clan council of =42=: 124.
clans of, furnishing chiefs and henihas =42=: 192.
position of beds at =42=: 198.
Upper Creek White town =42=: 198.
=Abingdon, Va.=
early names for =42=: 759.
trails near =42=: 750, 758, 759.
=Abiquin (Abiquiu)=, treaty of =18=: 780.
=Abiquiu=
ancient cemetery of =1=: 111.
New Mexico, petroglyphs near =10=: 97.
New Mexico, pottery of =4=: 282.
site of ancient Josoge =19=: 611.
=Ablutions=
of corpse =38=: § 857.
of sick persons =38=: § 922.
=Abnaki=
devices =4=: 152, 153.
games of the--
racket =24=: 571.
tossed ball =24=: 708.
genesis of the =14=: 87.
jugglery among the =14=: 145.
pictography of the =14=: XXXII.
region, extent of =20=: 167 _sq._
totemic marks of the =14=: 65.
ware of the =20=: 179 _sq._
=Abnaki Dictionary=, manuscript of =29=: 23.
=Abnaki=, French protection of =18=: 549.
=Abnaki Indians=
birch-bark pictographs of =10=: 201, 213 _sq._, 468 _sq._
designation of Queen Victoria by =10=: 443.
gods of, presiding over petroglyphs =10=: 32.
intelligence communicated by =1=: 369.
masks worn as insignia of authority by women of =10=: 425.
notices of direction and time used by =10=: 334.
observations on =22 i=: X.
petroglyphs of =10=: 32.
population =7=: 48.
shell beads of =5=: XXXVI.
study of pictographs of =10=: XII.
wikhegan, or birch-bark letter of =10=: 330 _sq._
=Abnaki Language=
description of =28=: 283-287, 289, 290.
examples in comparison with =28=:
Cree 238, 239.
Delaware 238, 290.
Fox 238, 239.
Micmac 238.
Natick 290.
Ojibwa 290.
Passamaquoddy 239.
Peoria 238, 239.
Shawnee 238, 239.
Stockbridge 238, 239.
pronunciation of =28=: 228.
relationship =28=: 289.
=Abnaki Tribe=
linguistic investigations among =28=: 225.
reference to =28=: 290.
=Abnaquies=
tribes composing =43=: 170.
_See also_ =Abnaki=; =Abnaki Indians=; etc.
=Abore Indians=, identification of =30=: 119.
=Aboriginal Centres= of migratory distribution =3=: 151.
=Aboriginal Mines and Quarries= =24=: XI _sq._
=Aboriginal Remains= =24=: XI.
in Verde Valley =13=: 185-261.
=Aborigines of West Indies=, memoir on, by J. W. Fewkes =37=: 7.
=Abortion=
among the Pima =26=: 186.
description of =30=: 246; =38=: § 908.
means used to produce =46=: 521.
medicine used in =30=: 52.
Menomini, produced by use of hair =14=: 286.
=Abraded Stone Implements=, discussed =15=: 94.
=Abrading=, implements produced by =15=: 27, 148.
=Abrading Implements=, illustrated =15=: 104.
=Abraham, ----=, murder of =19=: 65, 66.
=Abram, Charles=
death of =48=: 13.
information furnished by =41=: 8.
=Abram’s Falls, Va.=, mention of =42=: 751.
=Absaroka=, a synonym for Crow (_q. v._).
customs of =4=: 55, 166, 230.
headdress of =10=: 753 _sq._
investigation of the =14=: XXXIV.
sign for medicine man of =10=: 466.
reference to beliefs of =11=: 505.
tribal designation of =10=: 380.
tribal signs for =1=: 458.
war color of =10=: 631.
=Absaruke.= _See_ =Crow Indians=.
=Abscess=, treatment of =38=: § 929.
=Absentee Shawnee=, land cessions and reservations by =18=: 850,
856, 902, 940.
=Abstinence=, forms of =47=: 504 _sqq._
=Abstract Ideas=
expressed in signs =1=: 348.
pictured =4=: 233.
used pictorially =10=:
after 585.
age 585 _sq._
bad 586.
before 586.
big 586 _sq._
center 587.
deaf 587.
direction 588.
disease 588 _sqq._
fast 590.
fear 590 _sq._
freshet 591 _sq._
good 592.
high 592 _sq._
lean 593 _sq._
little 594 _sq._
lone 595 _sq._
many; much 596.
obscure 597.
opposition 597 _sq._
possession 598.
prisoner 598 _sqq._
short 600.
sight 600 _sq._
slow 601.
tall 601 _sq._
trade 603.
union 603 _sq._
whirlwind 604 _sq._
winter; cold; snow 605 _sq._
=Acacia Greggii=, Pima food plant =26=: 76.
=Academy of Sciences Museum= =46=: 235.
=Acapulco=
departure of Alarcon from =14=: 403.
departure of Ulloa from =14=: 369.
port on coast of New Spain =14=: 385.
rendezvous for Alvarado’s fleet =14=: 409.
=Acatl=
day symbol discussed =16=: 245.
meaning of =16=: 227.
=Acaxee=, medicine tubes =13=: 127.
=Acaxés Indians= of Culiacan =14=: 514.
=Acaxers and Yaquis=, cairn burial =1=: 143.
=Access= to cliff villages =16=: 144, 157, 158.
=Accidents=, cause of =30=: 241.
=Accomac=, mention of =42=: 694.
=Accomacke Indians=, grants of land to =18=: 567.
=Accompanying Paper= =24=: XXXIX _sq._
characterization of =13=: XLIV; =14=: 1; =17=: LXIII-LXXIII.
note on =28=: 21.
noticed =9=: XLII-XLVI.
=Accouchement=
among the Guiana Indians =38=: § 904-906.
among the Omahas =3=: 201.
_See also_ =Pregnancy=.
=Accounting=, pictographic methods of =10=: 259-264.
=Accounts=
method of keeping =46=: 420 _sq._
of Bureau =24=: XXXV.
=Acculturation= =3=: LXVI.
between Isleta and Laguna =47=: 351.
Catholic =47=: 203, 205 _sq._
factors in =47=: 56.
of the Indians =14=: XXXIV.
study of =19=: XXI-XXV.
=Acer=, use of =44=: 369.
=Aceraceae= =33=: 100.
=Acer Circinatum= =45=: 498.
=Acer Glabrum= =45=: 475, 499, 500.
=Acer Negundo= =33=: 61, 101.
=Acer Saccharinum= =33=: 100.
use of =44=: 286, 307, 377.
_See also_ =Sugar Maples=.
=Achagua Indians=, legend on creation =30=: 143, 145, 146.
=Acha Pueblos= =14=: 519.
=Achastians.= _See_ =Rumsen=.
=Achastlians=, Lamanoon’s vocabulary of the =7=: 75.
=Achese=, mention of town yard of =42=: 175.
=Achia=, battle of =42=: 826.
=Achievements=, signs of individual =4=: 183-187.
=Achillea Millefolium= =33=: 134; =45=: 460.
medicinal constituents of =44=: 303.
medicinal properties of =44=: 299.
medicinal use of =42=: 663.
use of =44=: 286, 336, 364, 366.
=Achomawi=
games of the =24=:
ball juggling 712.
double ball 648, 661.
football 698, 703.
four-stick game 327, 332, 333.
hand game 307.
hoop and pole 494.
shinny 633.
stick games 257.
=Achoma´wi=, a Pit river band =14=: 1052.
=Achras Sapota= =38=: § 247.
=Ackawoi=
dance sticks of =25=: 195.
_See also_ =Akawai=.
=Acklin=, number of specimens from =34=: 50.
=Ackerman, Thomas=, reference to =28=: 37.
=Acknowledgments= =17=: XLIV, 20 _sq._, 147; =18=: XXIX; =19=: 12
_sq._; =20=: 16 _sq._, 21 _sq._, 644; =23=: 19, 20; =24=: XVI,
XVIII, XIX, 29 _sq._; =29=: 38; =31=: 32; =41=: 494; =42=: 31
_sqq._, 745; =44=: 32 _sq._; =46=: 31.
=Acne= among the Pima =26=: 268.
=Acochis=, Indian name for gold =14=: 493, 512.
=Acolapissa=
mention of =42=: 686.
tribe of Choctaw Confederacy =19=: 500.
=Acoma=
Alvarado’s description of =14=: 594.
Castañeda’s description of =14=: 491.
description of, by companions of Castañeda =14=: 569, 575.
reputation of, in Sonora =14=: 357.
Jaramillo’s name for =14=: 587.
Snake dance at =16=: 305, 310.
structural development of =16=: 155.
Tigua name for =14=: 492.
visit of Arellano to =14=: 494.
visit of Spaniards to =14=: LVII, 390.
worship of cross at =14=: 544.
Zuñi name for =14=: 490.
_See also_ =Acuco=; =Acus=.
=Acoma _or_ Akokaibi=
abandonment of =13=: 261.
arrival of Asanyumu at =8=: 30.
an example of naturally fortified pueblos =19=: 641 _sq._
collections from =2=: 404.
collection of J. Stevenson from =6=: XLIX.
direction of kivas of =8=: 116.
kivas in =13=: 257.
kiva trapdoors at =8=: 207.
language, a Keresan dialect =7=: 83.
population =7=: 83.
selection of site of =13=: 215.
settlement of =19=: 589.
work at =19=: XIII.
=Acoma Indians=
attitude of, toward whites =47=: 28.
conservatism of =47=: 29.
culture of, discussion of =47=: 140 _sq._
fight of, with Spaniards =47=: 27.
legal status of =47=: 59.
name for =29=: 574.
origin of =47=: 24.
revolt of =47=: 28.
visit of, to Washington =34=: 28.
=Acoma Mesa=, description of =47=: 24.
=Acoma Pottery= =4=: 300.
=Acoma Pueblo=
act of Congress affecting =18=: 920.
ceremony at =47=: 1011.
description of =47=: 23, 24, 29.
position of, in southwest =47=: 141.
pottery from =5=: XXV, XXXVI.
references to =28=: 158, 159 _sq._
=Acomita=, location of houses at =47=: 29.
=Acoqua Indians=, belief as to God =30=: 117.
=Acorn=, a Cherokee clan =42=: 118.
=Acorn Indians=, classification term proposed =20=: XIV.
=Acorns=
as Pima food =26=: 78.
method of cooking =44=: 320.
representation of, in Florida pottery =20=: 124.
use of, as food =14=: 517; =20=: XIV.
=Acorn-shellers= of stone =13=: 88, 96.
=Acorus Calamus= =33=: 69.
human transportation of =33=: 69.
medicinal constituents of =44=: 303.
medicinal properties of =44=: 299.
medicinal use of =27=: 584.
use of =44=: 286, 340, 342, 344, 376.
=Acosta, José de=
cited on sacrifices of Indian corn =9=: 525.
on Mexican sorcerers =14=: 138.
=Acosta, J. J.=
on Fray Iñigo =25=: 20.
on stone collars =25=: 167, 169, 170 _sqq._
=Acosta, Maria de=, wife of Pedro Castañeda =14=: 470.
=Acquisition= of new materials modifies form in pottery =4=: 451.
=Acrelius, Israel=, cited on Swedish purchases from Indians =18=:
591.
=Acropolis= of Sikyatki =17=: 638, 640, 643-646.
=Actea Eburnea= =45=: 463, 512.
=Actea Rubra=
medicinal constituents of =44=: 303.
medicinal properties of =44=: 299.
use of =44=: 286, 358.
=Activital= similarities =3=: LXV.
=Activities, American Indian=, progress of research in =17=:
XXIX-XXXVIII.
=Activities=
classification of =20=: XXIX.
classification of peoples by =18=: XXVI _sq._
designed for expression =20=: CXLIII-CXLIV.
discussion of =19=: LXIV _sq._
of mankind =16=: XVI.
tribal, definition of =22, i=: X.
=Actopan River=, names of =25=: 235.
=Actors=, modern, use of gestures by =1=: 294.
=Acuan Illinoensis= =33=: 89.
=Acuco=
cartographic history of =14=: 403.
location of =14=: 519, 524.
name for Acoma =47=: 23.
visit of Alvarado to =14=: 490.
_See also_ =Acoma=; =Acus=.
=Acucu=, Coronado’s comment on name of =14=: 560.
=Acuique=, name for Cicuye =14=: 523.
=Acuña, C.=
cited =30=: 118, 139, 334, 365.
on Amazons =30=: 364, 365.
on carvings =30=: 140.
on dwarfs, etc. =30=: 363.
=Acus=
Coronado’s account of =14=: 357.
identified with Acoma =14=: 560.
_See also_ =Acoma=; =Acuco=.
=Adaba=, legend of =30=: 215 _sq._
=Adai=, a Caddo division =14=: 1092.
=Adai Indians=, mission among =42=: 829.
=Adair, Andrew,= murder of =5=: 319.
=Adaili=, legend of =30=: 212.
=Adair, James=
cited =12=: 619, 654, 665, 674, 675.
describes shell tweezers =2=: 212.
experiences of =42=: 819, 828.
on Cherokee basketry =13=: 16.
on Cherokee boundaries =5=: 141.
on Cherokee dialects =19=: 16.
on Cherokee intratribal friction =19=: 496.
on Cherokee lack of conservatism =19=: 229.
on Cherokee population =19=: 34.
on Cherokee relations with Creeks =19=: 384.
on Cherokee sacred ark =19=: 503.
on Cherokee snake myths =19=: 457, 459 _sq._, 461.
on Cherokee sufferings from smallpox =19=: 36.
on Cherokee thunder myths =19=: 441.
on Cherokee war of 1759-1761 =19=: 41.
on Cherokee weaving =13=: 23.
on Choctaw chungke stones =13=: 99.
on Christian Priber’s work =19=: 37.
on Creek myths =19=: 475.
on decay of Cherokee rituals and traditions =19=: 20.
on effects of Cherokee war (1760-1761) =19=: 45.
on gatayûsttĭ game =19=: 434.
on Herbert’s Spring =19=: 404.
on hoop and pole =24=:
Cherokee 487.
Choctaw 485 _sq._
Creeks 487.
on horses and swine among Cherokee =19=: 82, 213.
on implements of southern Indians =13=: 142 _sq._
on Indian beliefs concerning birds =19=: 453 _sq._
on Indian beliefs concerning food =19=: 472.
on Indian beliefs concerning wolf =19=: 448.
on Indian conduct during eclipse =19=: 441.
on Indian custom of removing deer’s hamstring =19=: 447.
on Indian marriage customs =19=: 482.
on Iroquoian wars =19=: 357 _sq._, 491.
on name Cherokee =19=: 16.
on peace towns =19=: 207, 208.
on racket (Choctaw) =24=: 598.
on sacred breastplate =13=: 115.
on sacred fire =19=: 503.
on scarification (Cherokee) =24=: 580 _sq._
on scratching ceremony =19=: 476.
on Shawano wars =19=: 371.
on spinning by southern Indians =20=: 33.
on Taskigi among Creeks =19=: 389.
on tlă´nuwă =19=: 466.
on use of cane fish spears =19=: 142.
on use of nut-cracking stones =19=: 91.
on use of stone axes =19=: 63.
on welcome ceremony =19=: 493.
quoted on Choctaw villages =7=: 40.
use made of narrative of =44=: 173.
=Adair, John Lynch,= commissioner for Cherokee boundaries =5=: 365.
=Adair, Washington,= murder of =5=: 319.
=Adaizan and Caddoan Languages=, compared =7=: 46.
=Adaizan family= =7=: 45 _sq._
=Adaize=, a Caddo division =14=: 1092.
=´dalbeáhya=, a Kiowa “medicine” =17=: 237, 238.
=´dalhabä´-k`ia=, death of =17=: 277.
=´dal-k´ato´igo=, a Sahaptin synonym =14=: 744.
=´dalpepte=
acknowledgments to =17=: 147.
age of =17=: 164.
destruction of property of =17=: 354.
information furnished by =17=: 146.
=´daltoñ-édal=, death of =17=: 313.
=Âdalto´yiu=
a Kiowa military order =17=: 230.
a Kiowa warrior order =14=: 989.
=Adam, _Chief_,= mention of =45=: 270.
=Adam, Lucien=
on ancient language of Cuba =25=: 218.
on Antillean language =25=: 78.
on the Taensa language =7=: 96.
=Adamana, Ariz.=, ruined pueblo near =22, i=: 19, 136.
=Adams, ----,= excavations at Epley’s ruins by =22, i=: 171.
=Adams, ----,= on scientific synonym for wild rice =19=: 1021.
=Adams, _Agent_,= at Anadarko Council =14=: 913.
=Adams, _Captain_,= aid acknowledged =5=: 130.
=Adams, Charles E.,= Kiowa agent in 1889 =17=: 226.
=Adams, Charlie,= an informant =42=: 528.
=Adams, J. D.,= mound on farm of, in Arkansas =12=: 241.
=Adams, John Quincy=
cited on Indian right to soil =18=: 536 _sq._
on relations of Georgia and Cherokee =5=: 239.
=Adams, William,= killed at Wounded Knee =14=: 872.
=Adams, William A.,= on rock carvings =4=: 22.
=Adam’s Cave=, Graham mountains, visit to =22, i=: 188.
=Adams County, Ohio=
occurrence of earthenware spools in =20=: 44.
serpent earthwork in =4=: 402.
=Adamsville, Ariz.=, references to =28=: 34 _sq._, 112.
=Adaptations=, cranial =46=: 359.
=A`dáte=
a Kiowa chief =17=: 164, 263.
deposed as chief =17=: 259.
=Adda=, beliefs concerning =30=: 171 _sq._, 229 _sq._
=Adder=
myths concerning =19=: 297, 436.
spreading, a symbol of life =36=: 103.
=Addis, ----,= on magical numbers =19=: 848, 849.
=Addison, ----,= gestures of orators =1=: 294.
=Adelphiarchy=, characters of =17=: 276*.
=Adelphogamy=, traces of, among the Seri Indians =17=: 281*, 283*.
=Adelung, J. C.,= cited =6=: 262.
=Adjective, the,= in Indian languages =1=: 10.
=“Adjedatig”= =1=: 197.
=Adkins, John,= a Kiowa trader =17=: 313.
=Adlet _or_ Ergigdlit= =6=: 640.
=Adlet and Qadlunait=, origin of the =6=: 637.
=Administrative Report= (at the beginning of each Annual Report)
how submitted =15=: XX.
=Admiral= of fleet =38=: § 741.
=Admiralty Islands=, Indians on =26=: 412.
=Adobe=
absence of, in Verde ruins =13=: 187, 257.
balls used in garden walls =8=: 146.
blocks not aboriginal =16=: 108.
bricks in Hawikuh church =8=: 81.
construction in Pueblo region =16=: 163.
construction of modern introduction =13=: 238.
defined =13=: 309.
description of =14=: 520, 562, 569.
limit to use of =13=: 238.
necessity for protecting against rain =8=: 156.
making of, described =14=: 356.
plastering in cavate houses =17=: 542.
use in Tusayan =8=: 54, 78.
use in Zuñi attributed to foreign influence =8=: 139.
use modern in Zuñi =8=: 138.
use of =29=: 80.
use of, in Pueblo buildings =22, i=: 29, 176.
used in Spanish churches =8=: 224.
walls in Casa Blanca =16=: 108, 109, 111.
walls of, in the southwest =23=: XXIX.
walls on stone foundation at Moenkopi =8=: 78.
_See also_ =Masonry=; =Plastering=.
=Adobe Construction=
description of =28=: 80.
what constitutes =15=: 323.
=Adobe Mortar=
Cibola and Tusayan use compared =8=: 137.
in Tâaaiyalana structures =8=: 90.
=Adobe Walls=
establishment of =17=: 199, 316.
threatened attack on =17=: 202.
=Ä´do-eétte=
arrest of =17=: 188, 328.
efforts for release of =17=: 190, 191.
Kiowa councilman in 1888 =17=: 221.
portrait of =17=: 192.
release of =17=: 195.
surrender of =17=: 206.
=Adolescent Girl=
segregated among the Tsimshian =31=: 450.
_See also_ =Menstruation=; =Puberty=.
=Adoption=
among eastern tribes =19=: 493.
among Seri Indians =17=: 277* _sqq._
among the Zuñi =47=: 477 _sq._
confusing effect of, on pottery records =20=: 19.
customs =37=: 139; =40=: 321.
customs of Omaha =27=: 603.
customs of Osage =27=: 61 _sq._, 603.
name used after =37=: 139.
of aliens by the Dakota =15=: 214.
of captives =36=: 67; =42=: 167; =45=: 552.
of children among the Eskimo =18=: 290.
of children among the Omahas =3=: 265, 281.
referred to in tales =31=: 428.
=Adoption Feast=
beliefs concerning =40=: 361-364, 385.
combined with gens festival =40=: 357.
combined with Mide =40=: 357.
combined with the wizard rite =40=: 357.
customs of =40=: 357, 425 _sqq._, 429 _sqq._, 549.
description of =40=: 385.
notes on =40=: 483.
result of omitting =40=: 411, 425, 435.
=Adornment=
by the Eskimos =9=: 138, 140-149.
ceremony of =45=: 554.
fondness for, of the Osage =43=: 95.
for ball game =42=: 460, 463, 465.
for dance at busk =42=: 600.
personal =45=: 81 _sqq._, 236, 339 _sqq._
personal, of the Eskimo =18=: 44-63.
personal, of the Omaha =27=: 349-354.
_See also_ =Dress=; =Decoration=.
=Adrian, H.,= specimen presented by =40=: 20.
=Adultery=
among the Guiana Indians =38=: § 733.
among the Omaha =3=: 364.
attitude toward =47=: 479, 963.
Eskimo manner of regarding =18=: 292.
punishment of =40=: 343; =42=: 346-365, 697; =44=: 218 _sq._;
=46=: 482.
Wyandot law for =1=: 66.
_See also_ =Chastity=; =Infidelity=.
=Advancement of Tribes= =46=: 579 _sq._
=Advances= on goods to be delivered =38=: § 820.
=Adventition=, a source of form =4=: 445, 450.
=Adventists=, account of the =14=: 944.
=Adverbial= particles =1=: 13.
=Adverbs= in Indian languages =1=: 10, 11, 13.
=Advertising= as an element of commerce =20=: XLVIII; =38=: § 822.
=Advisors=
invisible =35=: 1123, 1127.
supernatural =35=: 1131.
=Advocate, Cherokee.= _See_ =Cherokee Advocate=.
=Adzes=
Eskimo =18=: 92.
general description of Eskimo =9=: 165-172.
grooved, described =13=: 70.
ivory =46=: 135, 149.
“jade” =46=: 88, 96.
of bone of the Eskimo =9=: 168-172.
of jade of the Eskimo =9=: 166 _sq._, 170.
of steel or iron of the Eskimo =9=: 165 _sq._, 168, 171.
stone =46=: 100, 134, 135, 173.
=Adzes and Chisels=, stone =45=: 41.
=Aeneas=, part taken by, in Indian war =45=: 368 _sq._
=Aerial=
burial in canoes among the Chinooks =1=: 171.
sepulchre =1=: 152.
=Aes=, a Caddo division =14=: 1092.
=Aeschylus=, theatrical gestures =1=: 286.
=Aesculus=, medicinal use of =42=: 658.
=Affinities=
in Omaha kinship =3=: 255.
of fossil ivory culture =46=: 174, 175.
=Affinities, Eskimo=
Asiatic =46=: 214-227, 240, 250, 363, 365.
with Indian =46=: 214, 240, 250, 259, 356 _sqq._, 361, 365.
with Paleolithic man in Europe =46=: 357.
=Affirmation=, sign for =1=: 286, 454.
=Afognak= =46=: 184.
=Afraid-of-him=, Biäñk´i’s vision of =14=: 910.
=Africa=
aroko or symbolic letters used in =10=: 371-374.
cowries of =10=: 374 _sq._
message of complaint for debt used in =10=: 374 _sq._
message of peace used in =10=: 361.
petroglyphs in =10=: 178-185.
property marks in =10=: 442.
mourning ceremony in =10=: 630.
scarification in =10=: 417.
tattooing in =10=: 415 _sq._
water colors in =10=: 633.
=African=
archery posture =17=: 201*, 202*.
carved knife =4=: 243.
physiognomy, suggestion of, in death’s-head vases =20=: 97.
property mark =4=: 182.
=Africans=, brought as slaves to Porto Rico =25=: 23.
=After=, pictographs for =10=: 585.
=Afterbirth=
belief concerning =40=: 357.
belief regarding =35=: 606.
of twins =35=: 678, 686.
of twins used for cauterizing =35=: 694.
treatment of =35=: 653 _sqq._
=A`gabaí=, death of =17=: 340.
=A´gahamoⁿthiⁿ=, story of =27=: 980.
=Aga´ih-tĭka´ra.= _See_ =Fish-eaters=.
=´ganstâ´ta.= _See_ =Morgan, Washington=; =Oconostota=.
=Âgăn-uni´tsĭ=, myth concerning =19=: 298 _sqq._, 461.
=Agaricaceae= =33=: 61.
=Agaricus= =45=: 483.
=Agastache Anethodora= =33=: 113.
use of =44=: 286, 340, 352, 376.
=Agate=
avoidance of =30=: 238.
formation of =44=: 507.
=Agave=
fiber, Seri Indian use of, in making rope =17=: 228* _sqq._
fiber, use of =28=: 448.
fiber, use of, for garments =14=: 517.
fiber used in Tusayan =17=: 629, 630.
liquor made from =14=: 516.
Papago article of trade =26=: 93.
preparation by Pima =26=: 68.
wild, seeds used as fish poison =38=: § 209.
=Agave Americana Linn.= _See_ =Mescal=.
=Agave Heteracantha= =26=: 142.
=Agave Lechegua= =26=: 116.
=Age=
among Eskimo =46=: 213-227.
importance of, among savages =22, i=: XXV _sq._
of Casa Grande =13=: 299, 318.
of Casa Grande, references to =28=: 33, 105.
of cavate lodges =13=: 225.
of mounds inferred from terrace on which they stand =12=: 625.
of ruin determined by plastering =16=: 121.
of trephined crania =16=: 13, 20, 72.
of Verde ruins =13=: 209, 257.
Omaha life in old =3=: 274.
pictograph for =10=: 585 _sq._
_See also_ =Chronology=.
=Age and Relationship Terms= =33=: 622, 623, 628.
=Age of Pottery=
in Mississippi valley =4=: 371.
Pueblo ceramic art =4=: 267.
=Age of Trees= =12=: 628.
growing in old Fort Chartres, Illinois =12=: 629.
usual test unsatisfactory =12=: 630.
=Aged People=
among Pima Indians, treatment of =26=: 192 _sq._
neglect of =38=: §917.
treatment of =46=: 422, 443 _sq._, 576 _sq._
_See also_ =Old People=.
=Agency=, description of Omaha =27=: 629 _sq._
=Agents=
for Pima =26=: 33.
knowledge of, concerning Indians =14=: 767.
inconsiderateness of =14=: 837.
placed under military orders =14=: 850.
policy concerning =14=: 828.
replacement of =14=: 845, 887.
Sioux, Ghost-dance beyond the control of =14=: 850.
Sioux, irresponsibility =14=: 833.
=Agglutination in Language= =1=: 4.
=Aggomiut Eskimo Tribe=, situation and subdivisions =6=: 442 _sqq._
=Aghual=, day symbol discussed =16=: 262.
=Agiak= =46=: 194.
=Agiukchugumut=
carriage from =18=: 196.
implements and utensils from =18=: 74, 83, 105, 141, 195.
ornaments from =18=: 58, 60, 62.
transportation apparatus from =18=: 227.
=Agiukchuk= =46=: 193.
=Aglemute _or_ Oglemute=, crania =46=: 235.
=Aglio, Agustina=, facsimile of Dresden codex by =6=: 263-266.
=Agnes, The= =46=: 68, 71, 73, 75.
=Agoseris Villosa= =45=: 493.
=Agosia=, fish of Colorado basin =26=: 83.
=Agricultural Implements.= _See_ =Implements=.
=Agriculture= =37=: 115 _sqq._; =42=: 691 _sq._
aboriginal =23=: XVI.
among the Navaho =16=: 87; =17=: 503.
among the Omahas =3=: 302.
among the Missouri Indians =46=: 463 _sq._
ancient, in Verde Valley =13=: 247.
Antillean =25=: 50-53.
at Acoma =47=: 32 _sq._
at Isleta =47=: 211.
at Zuñi =47=: 474 _sqq._
claim to land based on =46=: 477.
effect of, on ceremonials =15=: 255.
effect of, on Indian population =7=: 38.
extent of practice, by Indian tribes =7=: 42.
general account of =27=: 95, 269, 275, 339, 635.
Government influence, on =47=: 57.
implements =26=: 88, 97 _sqq._
influence of, in Pueblo architecture =19=: 640, 642 _sq._
in savagery =15=: CXVI.
machines used in =47=: 33.
magic aid for =26=: 258 _sq._
methods:
division of labor =26=: 89.
irrigation =26=: 29, 86-89.
need of =46=: 543.
not practiced by the Coeur d’Alêne =45=: 88.
of the Caddo =14=: 1094.
of the Indians =12=: 615-620.
of the Plains tribes =46=: 407.
of the Siouan Indians =15=: 170.
region to which limited =7=: 41.
researches concerning =17=: LI.
Siouan Indians affected by =15=: 185.
social side of =42=: 443 _sq._
southeastern culture built on =42=: 2.
white influence on =27=: 614, 626.
_See also_ names of chief agricultural products.
=Agriculture and Horticulture=, of the Zuñi =23=: 350, 354.
=Agricultural College=, Fairbanks collections =46=: 38.
=Agricultural Epoch=
in the West Indies =34=: 56, 57 _sq._
_See also_ =Tainan Culture=.
=Agropyron Tenerum= =45=: 515.
=Agua Caliente Reserve=
change in =18=: 886.
establishment of =18=: 884.
=Agua Fria Valley=, ruins in =28=: 215 _sq._, 218.
=Aguacateca=
method of forming numerals above ten =19=: 905.
number, names of =19=: 862.
=Aguaiauale=, seaport of Culiacan =14=: 385.
=Aguardiente=, Pima beverage =26=: 62.
=Aguas Buenas=, specimen from =34=: 217.
=Aguas Calientes=
examination of caves near =19=: XVII.
pueblo of =14=: 525.
=Aguato, Aguatobi, Aguatuvi, Aguatuya, Aguatuybi, Aguitobi, Ahauato,
Ahautobi, Ahautu, Ahuatuyba, Ah-wat-tenna=, Awatobi synonyms =17=:
594.
=Aguebana=, a Haitian cacique =25=: 38.
=Aguebana the First=, a Porto Rican cacique =25=: 32, 33, 35 _sq._
=Aguebana the Second=, a Porto Rican cacique =25=: 32, 36 _sq._,
146.
=Agueynaba.= _See_ =Aguebana=.
=Aguilar, Ignacio=, references to =29=: 263, 314.
=Aguilar, Juan de=, Mendoza’s agent in Spain =14=: 368.
=Âgûnăpai´äk=, an Eskimo leader, history of =18=: 305 _sq._
=Agutit Eskimo Tribe=, situation of =6=: 450, 451.
=Ah=, day symbol, discussed =16=: 245.
=Ahacus=, identified with Hawikuh =14=: 358.
=Ahaiyuta.= _See_ =Zuñi=, _mythology of the_.
=Aha´känĕ´na=, an Arapaho warrior order =14=: 988.
=Ahau=
in Mayan chronology, value of =22, i=: 204, 234.
symbols for, discussion of =22, i=: 222 _sq._, 265.
symbols for, figures showing =22, i=: 267.
=Ahau and Lamat Symbols=
compared =16=: 235.
day symbol discussed =16=: 262.
=Ahau Symbol=
discovery concerning, by Goodman =19=: 702.
Goodman on =19=: 717.
working table of =19=: 819.
=Ahbuluc-Balam=, a Maya deity =16=: 244.
=Ahl Game=, Kiowa =24=: 124-127.
=Ahmak=, day symbol, discussed =16=: 252.
=Ahote=
appearance of, in Palülükoñti =21=: 52.
appearance of, in Powamû festival =21=: 36.
description of =21=: 99.
=Ahst=
description of =17=: 234* _sq._
specimens of =17=: 235*-238*.
=Aht=, division of Wakashan family =7=: 129, 130.
=Ah-te-es-ta.= _See_ =Ätéstisti=.
=Ahtena=
population =7=: 55.
tribe of Copper Indians =7=: 53.
=Ahuba.= _See_ =Fish-mamma=.
=Ahuitzotzin=, Mexican emperor, pictograph for =10=: 134 _sq._
=Ahül=
advent of, in Powamû festival =21=: 33 _sqq._
common derivation of Ahülani and =21=: 122.
description of, in representations of Hopi katcinas =21=: 67.
identity of, with Tawa wügtaka =21=: 28, 122.
identity of, with Wüyüyomo =21=: 28.
participation in Powamû festival by =21=: 67.
regular appearance of =21=: 17.
relation of, to the katcina clan =21=: 65.
resemblance of, to Pautiwa =21=: 59.
similarity of acts of, to those of Pautiwa =21=: 26.
=Ahülani=
appearance of, in Soyaluña =21=: 24.
common derivation of Ahül and =21=: 122.
connection of, with sun worship =21=: 122.
description of =21=: 121, 122.
personation of sun-god by =21=: 24.
Soyal katcina, derivation of =21=: 124.
substitution of, by Ahül =21=: 122.
=Ahül Katcina=, substitution of, for Ahülani =21=: 122.
=Ahül Mask=, resemblance of, to that of Wüwüyomo =21=: 65.
=Ahülti=, derivation of Ahül and Ahülani from =21=: 122.
=A Hunter’s Adventure=, Iroquois tale =2=: 88.
=Aiai= =33=: 303, 640.
=Aiâmita=, genealogy of =14=: 56.
=Aigaluxamut= dialect =4=: 148, 198, 199.
=Aikoka.= _See_ =Acoma= =8=: 30.
=Aiktalik= =46=: 186.
=Ainsworth’s Ranch=
reference to =28=: 210.
ruins on =28=: 211.
=Ainos=
inscriptions probably made by the =10=: 185 _sq._
of Yazo (Yezo?) tattoo =4=: 78.
tattooing among =10=: 412 _sq._
=Ainu=
method of forming number above ten =19=: 913.
use of vigesimal system by the =19=: 925.
=Air=
beliefs respecting =11=: 522.
walking on =32=: 340.
=Ais=
language of =42=: 678.
reference to dress of =42=: 681.
=Aitken, Robert,= article by =34=: 171.
=Aitken, Mrs. Robert.= _See_ =Freire-Marreco, Miss Barbara=.
=Aivilik=, Eskimo =46=: 230.
=Aivillirmiut Eskimo Tribe=, situation of =6=: 440 _sqq._
=Aiwahokwi=, identity of =21=: 26.
=Aiwakokwe Clan=, same as Asa clan =19=: 610.
=Aiyáhokwi=, the descendants of the Asa at Zuñi =8=: 30.
=Aiyal=
correction concerning =14=: 1111.
_See also_ =Yowaluch, Louis=.
=Aiyan, _Ai-yan_.=
hand game of the =24=: 272.
population =7=: 55.
=Aiyāpā`tä`ᵃ`.=
a nephew of mortals =40=: 364, 365, 366.
brother of the culture hero =40=: 376.
legend concerning =40=: 364-369.
names for, in various tribes =40=: 376.
the god of the dead =40=: 359.
_See also_ =Īyāpā`tä`ᴬ`=.
=Ak=, phonetic value of =16=: 223.
=Akab=, definition of =16=: 261.
=Akal’man=, number names of =19=: 874.
=Aka´nilni=, the supernatural couriers =5=: 411-414, 415, 417, 424,
426, 466.
=Akansa=, or Quapaw tribe =7=: 113.
_See also_ =Arkansas=.
=Akawai Indians=
amativeness, expressions of =30=: 163 _sq._
binas =30=: 284, 285.
burial customs =30=: 154 _sq._, 156, 158.
hunting customs =30=: 294.
legends of, on creation =30=: 142, 145, 199, 262.
natal customs =30=: 319, 320.
ordeals of =30=: 278, 281, 339.
revenge =30=: 354 _sq._, 358, 360, 361.
=Akawoio=. _See_ =Akawai=.
=Akbal= symbol in Maya calendar =16=: 221.
=Ak´chĭkchû´gûk=, Eskimo legend of =18=: 499-504.
=Akerman, Benjamin,= mound on farm of, in Georgia =12=: 312.
=Akhiok= =46=: 186.
=Akiak= =46=: 192.
=Ākita Dance=
a woman’s dance =42=: 528.
description of =42=: 528.
mention of =42=: 524.
=Akitan= =46=: 123.
=Akkeewaysee=, Ojibwa treaty signer =14=: 28.
=Áko=, native name for Acoma =14=: 575.
=Akokaiobi _or_ Acoma.=
home of Asa clan =19=: 610.
settlement of =19=: 589.
=Akokisa=, status of the =14=: 1093.
=Akoklako=, or Lower Kutenai =7=: 85.
=Akol.= _See_ =Red People=.
=Akómë=, native name for the people of Acoma =14=: 575.
=Aktayatci Clan=, story concerning =42=: 109.
=Äkwinemi=
genealogy of =14=: 46, 48.
mythic origin of name =14=: 218.
=Akuliarmiut Eskimo Tribe=, situation of =6=: 421.
=Akutchin=, ancient Pima settlement =28=: 36.
=Akûtcĭny=, Pima village =26=: 20, 22.
=Ala Clan=
mythic origin of =19=: 590 _sq._
relations of, with Tcüa =19=: 588 _sq._
=Ala Group=
Ala clans of =19=: 583.
Leñya clans of =19=: 583.
=Ala-Leñya (Horn Flute) Clan=
advent of, at Walpi =19=: 585 _sq._, 590-594.
ceremony of advent of, at Walpi =19=: 591 _sq._
=Ala Societies=, probable origin of =19=: 626.
=Alabama=
alleged error in survey of Cherokee boundary =5=: 211.
allocation of clans in beds at =42=: 201-204.
arrangement of square ground of =42=: 225, 263, 264.
Barbour County, ancient remains in =12=: 289.
Blount County, burial cave in =12=: 286.
celts from =13=: 74, 75, 77, 80, 82.
chipped flints from =13=: 144-149.
chisels from =13=: 84.
Clarke County, Fort Mauvilla, supposed site of =12=: 289.
collection from =30=: 22.
Coosa River mound and house, remains near =12=: 287.
discoidal stones from =13=: 103, 105, 109.
distribution of stone art in =13=: 60.
Elmore County, antiquities of =12=: 286 _sqq._
explorations in =5=: XXII; =11=: XXIX; =12=: 283-292.
fabric-impressed pottery from =13=: 39.
flakes from =13=: 174.
house at, for ceremonial objects =42=: 186.
in Texas, union of, with Cherokee =19=: 143.
Iroquoian ware said to have been found in =20=: 105, 171.
Jefferson County, mounds in =12=: 290, 291.
Lauderdale County, antiquities of =12=: 283 _sqq._
Marshall County, shell heap in =12=: 285.
Montgomery County, mounds in =12=: 289.
mortars from, described =13=: 97.
mullers from =13=: 93.
notched axe-form objects from =13=: 71.
occurrence of stamped ware in =20=: 122.
paint-stones from =13=: 115.
plan of ceremonial ground of =42=: 225, 265.
pipes of =20=: 99.
population of =42=: 150.
portion of beds at =42=: 198.
pottery from =4=: 395, 396, 431, 434; =20=: 37, 38, 39, 105-108.
production of gold in =19=: 220, 221.
removal forts in =19=: 221.
sketch of bed in square ground of =42=: 186 _sq._
spades from =13=: 135.
stemless perforators from =13=: 165, 166.
stemless scrapers from =13=: 170.
stemmed flints from =13=: 151-159, 161 _sqq._
stemmed perforators from =13=: 167, 168.
Sumter County, Cedar Hummock group =12=: 286.
Talladega County, site of Creek settlement in =12=: 290.
town emblem of =42=: 244.
Upper Creek Red town =42=: 125, 255.
=Alabama Anthropological Society=, sites investigated by =48=: 3.
=Alabama Indian=
belief of, in future life =42=: 513.
belief of, in supreme deity =42=: 482.
burial customs of =42=: 397, 398.
ceremony of the =42=: 544 _sq._, 601 _sq._
clan affiliations of =42=: 149-153.
clan councils of =42=: 125.
clans of, furnishing chiefs and henihas =42=: 193, 194.
clans, phratries and moieties of =42=: 159 _sq._
creation, beliefs of =42=: 487.
customs of =42=: 700.
dances of, description of =42=: 524-534.
election of chiefs of =42=: 285.
facial painting of =42=: 524 _sq._, 686.
ghost story of =42=: 511 _sq._
greetings of =42=: 450.
habitations of =42=: 173 _sq._
hair dressing of =42=: 684.
Horned Snake known to =42=: 494.
hunting beliefs of =42=: 445.
hunting customs of =42=: 444 _sq._
informants among =42=: 32.
list of dances of =42=: 524.
marriage customs of =42=: 370, 375.
medicines of =42=: 663-666.
mention of =42=: 36.
migration across the Mississippi =19=: 99.
mourning customs of =42=: 379.
name of, for deity =42=: 482.
of Muskhogean stock =42=: 482.
origin myth of =42=: 52.
part of, join the Choctaw =42=: 45.
part of, repair to Mobile =42=: 45.
personal names of =42=: 100.
punishment among, for adultery =42=: 348.
relations of, with Hilibi =42=: 568.
Sabīa known to =42=: 498.
tales by, of supernatural beings =42=: 498.
terms of, for months =42=: 402.
town emblem of =42=: 244.
tribe of Creek confederacy =19=: 498 _sq._
union of, with Muskhogee =42=: 45, 48.
use of cassine by =42=: 542.
war customs =42=: 425.
war names abandoned by =42=: 100.
wars of, with the Choctaw =42=: 425 _sq._
wars of, with the Muskhogee =42=: 42 _sqq._
witchcraft among =42=: 634.
=Alabama Land Cessions and Reservations= =18=: 676.
=Alabama River=, pottery of =20=: 107 _sq._
=Alabaster=, reference to =29=: 579.
=Alachua=, trail near =42=: 829.
=Alagüilac=, number names of =19=: 867, 928.
=Ä´läho=
attempt to identify =17=: 300.
Kiowa hostility to =17=: 300.
=Alakanuk= 46: 199.
=Alamito=, work at =17=: XLI.
=Alanant-o-wamiowee=, an ancient trail =42=: 788.
=Alarcon, D. de,= confusion of, with Alcaraz =14=: 501.
=Alarcon, Hernando de=
Colorado River discovered by =14=: 403, 574.
Coronado’s fears for =14=: 555.
expedition by sea, under =14=: 385, 478.
exploration by =19=: 53.
Estevan’s death reported to =14=: 360.
message of, found by Diaz =14=: 407, 486.
quoted on Indian customs =9=: 491, 494, 511.
quoted on Indian sacred cords =9=: 555.
route of =28=: 186, 208.
=Alaric’s Burial= =1=: 181.
=Alarm=, signs for =1=: 529, 538.
=Alaska=
archæology of =46=: 33, 148, 149, 165.
carved poles in =26=: 411.
cave burial in =1=: 129.
cession of, to United States =46=: 127.
Eskimo of =46=: 227.
explorations by E. W. Nelson =18=: 19 _sqq._
field work in =20=: IX, XI; =21=: IX, XII; =22, i=: XIV; =23=: IX.
home of Tlingit Indians =26=: 396.
inland, Eskimo of =46=: 361.
investigations in =41=: 49, 63.
officials of, aid by =46=: 31.
origin of Eskimo in =46=: 330, 340-347, 356.
peopling of =46=: 81.
reports on explorations in =46=: 128.
route for migrations from Asia =46=: 29.
=Alaska Commercial Company=, of San Francisco
acknowledgments to =18=: 19 _sqq._
ivory pictographs =4=: 191-194.
labrets collected by =3=: 87-92.
labrets and masks collected by =3=: 106, 202 _passim_.
masks collected by =3=: 24.
tattooing =4=: 66-73.
=Alaska Peninsula=
crania =46=: 235.
old sites =46=: 184, 186, 187, 188.
=Alaska, Southwestern=
crania =46=: 257, 259, 262, 263, 265.
facial =46=: 266.
nose =46=: 268, 270.
=Alaska, Western=
anthropology of =46=: 181.
archæology of =46=: 181.
Coast Pilots =46=: 179.
crania, coast =46=: 364.
early maps of =46=: 176 _sqq._
geographic dictionary of =46=: 178, 181.
=Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition=
mention of =30=: 14, 16, 20.
reference to =28=: 101.
=Alaskan-Arctic= geographic district, features of =18=: 23 _sq._
=Alaskan Indians=
biographic records of =10=: 581 _sq._
dialogue between =1=: 492.
grave posts of =10=: 520 _sq._
illustration of ornamentation by =6=: 199.
mummies of =1=: 134, 135.
mythic drawings on ivory by =10=: 476 _sq._
notices of condition by =10=: 350-353.
notices of direction by =10=: 333 _sq._
notices of hunt by =10=: 332 _sq._
petroglyphs of =10=: 47.
pictographic records of customs of =10=: 541 _sq._
pictographs of =4=: 59, 147-150, 152-155, 161, 191-194, 197
_sqq._, 214.
shamanism of =10=: 497-500.
shaman’s lodge of =10=: 507 _sq._
signal of discovery by =10=: 645.
tattooing of =10=: 402-405.
votive offerings to the dead by =10=: 519.
=Alba Marginata=, Pima medicinal plant =26=: 80.
=Albaicin=, similarity of, with Hawikuh =14=: 564.
=Albamos.= _See_ =Alabama=.
=Albany, Ill.=, pottery from =4=: 430; =20=: 192.
=Albany=, treaty of =18=: 658.
=Albemarle=
settlement at =18=: 624.
_See also_ =Pamlico-Albemarle=.
=Albinism=, at Isleta =47=: 245.
=Albinos=
among the Pima Indians =26=: 185.
not medicine men among the Apache =9=: 460.
=Albion County, Nebraska=, reference to =27=: 99.
=Albizu, Tomas de=, Zuñi attacked by =13=: 328.
=Albuquerque=, influence of, on Isleta =47=: 207 _sq._
=Alcaraz, Diego de=
attack on Seri (?) by =17=: 54 _sq._
death of =14=: 533.
incompetence of =14=: 502.
lieutenant of Diaz =14=: 485, 501.
=Alcedo, Antonio de=
on Acoma =29=: 543, 545.
on Galisteo =29=: 482.
on Pojoaque =29=: 334.
on Quivira =29=: 566.
on San Cristóbal =29=: 486.
on Santa Ana =29=: 521.
on Taos =29=: 182.
on Tesuque =29=: 387.
=Alchemy=, stepping-stone to science =19=: 825 _sq._
=Alcoholism= =46=: 42, 51, 133, 362.
=Al-chuch-haab=, the calendar wheel of =3=: 53, 60.
=Alden, E. H.,= on scaffold burial =1=: 161.
=Alder=
bark, Eskimo paint made from =18=: 198.
bark used for dyeing =30=: 80.
leaves =35=: 589.
tree =35=: 57.
use of =44=: 286, 369.
wood, as fuel for drying berries =35=: 273.
_See also_ =Alnus Incana=.
=Alder, Red=
use of =45=: 501.
used in basketry =41=: 145.
=Alder, Speckled,= medicinal use of =43=: 265.
=Alder, White,= use of =45=: 503.
=Alectoria Jubata= =45=: 482.
=Alegre, Francisco Javier=
cited on Indian remedies =9=: 472.
cited on ceremonial scratching among the Indians =9=: 492.
on Escalante’s expedition =17=: 61.
on Jemez =29=: 402.
on naming Pima children =26=: 188.
on the plague (cholera) =26=: 43.
on Parilla’s “extermination” =17=: 73 _sq._
on Seri habitat and tribal divisions =17=: 78.
on Seri navigation =17=: 61.
=Alejandre, Marcelo=, on Huastecan numeral system =19=: 894.
=Aleman, Juan=, inhabitant of Mexico =14=: 495.
=Alencaster, Joaquin del Real=
on Cochiti =29=: 439.
on Gyusiwa =29=: 394.
on Isleta =29=: 529, 530.
on Laguna =29=: 541.
on Pecos =29=: 476, 477.
on Picuris =29=: 193.
on Sandia =29=: 526, 527.
on Sia =29=: 518, 519.
=Aleut Bay, B. C.=
Indians of =46=: 32.
physical type of =46=: 33.
=Aleutian Islands= =46=: 177, 238, 361.
embalmment in =1=: 135, 136.
kayaks used on =18=: 220.
work in =46=: 32.
=Aleutian Islanders=
belong to Eskimauan family =7=: 73.
population of =7=: 75.
=Aleuts=
burial among =3=: 139.
crania of =46=: 122, 364.
different from Eskimo =46=: 238.
extension of =46=: 184.
masks of, described =3=: 137-142.
slaves under the Russians =3=: 137.
use of labrets among =3=: 87-92.
=Alexander, James=
acknowledgments to =11=: 369, 423.
cited on symbolic colors =11=: 533.
on Winnebago gentes =15=: 241.
=Alexander, J. B.=, agent for Pima =26=: 34.
=Alexander, J. B.=
mound on land of, North Carolina =12=: 349.
mounds on farm of =5=: 74.
=Alexander, J. E.=
cited =30=: 239.
legend of Hariwali and the wonderful tree =30=: 120.
=Alexander, J. S.,= mound on farm of =44=: 452.
=Alexander, N. L.,= mention of =42=: 333.
=Alexander County, Ill.=, occurrence of salt-making vessels in
=20=: 28.
=Alexander Mound=
collection from =42=: 19.
mention of =44=: 452 _sq._
pipes from =42=: 19.
=Alexandria, La.=, burial mounds in vicinity of =44=: 409.
=Alexandria County (Va.)=, steatite quarries in =15=: 131.
=Alexeres=, uncertain meaning of =14=: 507.
=Alfaro, Anastasio=, gold ornaments from Costa Rica donated by
=10=: XXII.
=Algeria=, petroglyphs in, at Tyout and Moghar =10=: 178 _sq._
=Algonkian=
culture area, features of =42=: 713.
linguistic stock =42=: 19.
tribes, habitat of =42=: 713.
=Algonkian Tribes= of Virginia and Carolina
cultural features of =42=: 713 _sq._
customs of =42=: 694, 696, 698, 702, 709.
descent among =42=: 696.
_See also_ =Carolina=; =Virginia=.
=Algonkin=
family =4=: 118.
games of the =24=:
dice games 49.
hand game 273.
stick games 229.
habitat in 1634 =14=: 15.
petroglyph =4=: 20, 224 _sq._, 227.
tribe =4=: 108.
=Algonkin Language=
conjunctive mode =28=: 272.
description of =28=: 261 _sq._, 264-269.
examples in comparison with =28=:
Cheyenne 233.
Cree 243 _sqq._, 250 _sqq._, 259, 260, 261, 262, 272.
Cree-Montagnais 259.
Delaware 243, 244, 261.
Fox 244, 245, 252, 259, 260, 261, 262, 273.
Kickapoo 259.
Menomini 243, 244, 245, 250, 251, 259, 261, 262, 271.
Micmac 272.
Montagnais 272.
Natick 233, 243, 244, 250, 251, 271, 273.
Ojibwa 243, 244, 245, 250, 251, 252, 261, 262, 271, 272, 273.
Ottawa 233, 245, 250, 251, 252, 259, 260, 261, 262, 271, 272,
273.
Passamaquoddy 243, 273.
Peoria 233, 245, 250, 251, 252, 260, 261, 262, 271, 272, 273.
Potawatomi 259, 262, 271.
Sauk 259.
Shawnee 243, 244, 245, 251, 252, 256, 259, 261, 262, 271, 272,
273.
indicative mode =28=: 273.
pronunciation of =28=: 226 _sqq._
relationship =28=: 238, 244, 289, 289_a_.
subjunctive mode =28=: 260.
=Algonquian=
bibliography =10=: XX _sq._
burial fires of =1=: 198.
characters =4=: 250.
creation myths, work on =20=: XXI.
god of Winter =32=: 61.
influence of, on western migration of Siouan stock =19=: 1043.
legends of New England =4=: 190.
myth =1=: 27.
region, occurrence of Iroquoian pottery in =20=: 168.
types of art =15=: 16.
=Algonquian Dialects=
of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton =21=: XI, XXIV.
work on =20=: XI, XX _sq._
=Algonquian Family= =7=: 47-51.
habitat of certain western tribes of =7=: 113.
list of tribes of =7=: 48.
population of =7=: 48.
=Algonquian Indians=
colors of war and peace of =10=: 631.
declaration of war by =10=: 358.
emblems of =10=: 377.
field work among =22, i=: XII.
grave posts of =10=: 517 _sq._
hair dressing of =10=: 755.
insignia of military rank of =10=: 258.
invitation sticks of =10=: 364 _sq._
military drill of =10=: 258.
mourning color of =10=: 629.
petroglyphs by =10=: 106, 109 _sq._, 111, 112.
petroglyphs of =10=: 676-680.
pictographic notice of departure and return by =10=: 330.
record of battle by =10=: 554 _sq._
record of victory by =10=: 557 _sq._
researches among =41=: 58, 84.
tribal designation of =10=: 378 _sq._
wampum belts of =10=: 228 _sq._
work in classification of =18=: XLVI.
=Algonquian Languages=
bibliography of =11=: XXXIV.
character of =15=: LXXXIII.
comparative vocabulary of =21=: XI, XXIV.
influence of, on geographic nomenclature =19=: 1115.
pronunciation of =28=: 226 _sqq._
study of =15=: XXXIX; =16=: LXXIV; =19=: XXV.
summary of linguistic investigations in =28=: 225 _sq._
work in =17=: LIII; =18=: XXVIII, XLII.
=Algonquian Myths= =19=: 437, 451.
=Algonquian Names= for rabbit and dawn =19=: 233.
=Algonquian Peoples=
connection of--
with Middle Mississippi Valley pottery =20=: 81.
with northwestern pottery =20=: 195.
with shore pottery =20=: 160.
with south Atlantic pottery =20=: 131, 142.
inclosure of Iroquois by =20=: 159.
possible influence of, on Canadian pottery =20=: 170 _sq._
=Algonquian Pipes=
character of =20=: 140.
distribution of =20=: 173.
=Algonquian Pottery=
division and distribution of =20=: 21, 144 _sq._, 147, 165.
occurrence of, Lake Huron region =20=: 171.
pottery resemblance, South Appalachian province =20=: 133.
simplicity of form of =20=: 162.
tempering of =20=: 161.
_See also_ =20=: 145-158, _Middle Atlantic Coast pottery_; =20=:
175-179, _New Jersey, New England pottery_; =20=: 182-186, _Ohio
Valley pottery_; =20=: 186-201, _Northwestern pottery_.
=Algonquian Stock=
games of the =24=:
ball juggling 712.
double ball 647.
hand game 273.
racket 562.
ring and pin 528.
snow-snake 400.
stick games 227.
morphological studies of languages of =24=: XXIII.
tribes of the =24=:
Abnaki 571, 708.
Algonkin 49, 229.
Amalecite 49.
Arapaho 50, 268, 384, 400, 441, 445, 529, 617, 705, 730, 733,
751.
Blackfeet 56, 269, 443, 734.
Cheyenne 58, 269, 384, 400, 445, 446, 530, 563, 619, 649, 705,
734, 758.
Chippewa 61-68, 229, 340, 401 _sqq._, 404, 405, 446, 533, 562,
563, 564-567, 568, 611, 620, 650, 734, 791.
Cree 68, 230, 270, 342, 403, 535, 652, 734, 791.
Delawares 69, 342, 446, 537, 567.
Gros Ventres 70, 270, 384, 404, 447, 537, 621, 706, 734, 751.
Illinois 72, 230, 781.
Kickapoo 72.
Massachusset 73, 230, 698.
Menomini 73, 343, 404, 567, 622, 653.
Miami 231, 344, 569, 708.
Micmac 74, 698, 722, 792.
Missisauga 80, 344, 405, 538, 569, 653, 803.
Montagnais 384, 538, 708.
Narraganset 80, 231, 699.
Nascapee 539, 712.
Nipissing 81, 344, 540, 570.
Norridgewock 81, 231, 406, 735.
Ottawa 82, 344.
Passamaquoddy 82, 406, 540, 570 _sq._, 792.
Penobscot 84, 406, 541, 571.
Piegan 84, 231, 271, 447.
Potawatomi 85, 385.
Powhatan 232, 622, 699.
Sauk and Foxes 85, 232, 345, 407, 448, 542, 622, 735, 758, 762.
Shawnee 573.
Tobique 50.
tribes, study of =19=: XVII _sq._, XXIX.
=Algonquian Texts= =24=: XX, XXXII; =25=: XIX.
=Algonquian Tribes=, Linguistic classification.
linguistic major divisions =28=: 229.
memoir on =28=: 22, 221.
=Algonquian Vocabulary= =23=: XXXVI.
work on =22, i=: XXXII.
=Algood, Tenn.=, trails of =42=: 833, 835.
=Aliatan=
a synonym of the Comanche =14=: 1043.
identification of the =17=: 166 _sq._
=Alibamans=, aquatic burial of suicides by =1=: 180.
=Alibamo=
a stockaded town =42=: 438.
fortress of =12=: 650.
=Alibamos.= _See_ =Alabama=.
=Alibamu=
habitat and population =7=: 95.
researches among =28=: 12; =30=: 18.
=Aliche=, a Caddo division =14=: 1092.
=Alien=
residents, influence of, on Pueblo architecture =19=: 649 _sq._
Seri antipathy for =17=: 131* _sq._, 154* _sq._
=Alindja=
information supplied by =42=: 65, 67, 546.
legend repeated by =42=: 64.
=Alismaceae= =33=: 65.
=Alium Cernuum= =45=: 481.
=Alium Stellatum= =45=: 481.
=Alive=, sign for =1=: 421.
=Alkali Grass=, used in basketry =41=: 145.
=Alkali Soil=, references to =14=: 586.
=Alkĭn´=, Natchez women among Cherokee =19=: 388.
=Allamakee County, Iowa=, mounds =5=: 26.
=All Bones.= _See_ =Kâ´lahû´=.
=All Saints’ Day=, observance of =47=: 290.
=Allegan _or_ Akegwi=, identical with Cherokee =5=: 137.
=Allegheny Reserve=
establishment of =18=: 660.
recession to Seneca of =18=: 776.
sale of =18=: 770.
=Allegheny River=
origin of name of =19=: 18.
pictographs on =4=: 20, 21.
=Allegheny Valley=, character of pottery of =20=: 183.
=Allegory=, development of =19=: LXXXIX-XC.
=Allen, _Miss_ A. J.=, on burial sacrifice =1=: 189.
=Allen, H. H.=, on Korean myths =19=: 447.
=Allen, H. T.= =46=: 124, 128.
=Allen, _Dr._ Harrison= =1=: 208, 225, 238, 245.
on conventionalized forms =4=: 244.
=Allen, J. A.=
on American bison in Piedmont area =19=: 1043.
on former range of buffalo =15=: 173.
=Allen, Jim= =46=: 31, 105, 106, 112, 172, 181, 206.
=Allen, Walter=, a Ponka commissioner =15=: 192.
=Allen County, Ky.=, mounds and graves in =44=: 488, 491.
=Allen Settlement, Pa.=, vessel from =20=: 166.
=Alleyway=, Hawikuh =8=: 81.
=Alliances=
of the Pima Indians =26=: 200.
of the Winnebago =37=: 58 _sq._
=Alligator=
association of, with disease =42=: 647.
beliefs concerning =30=: 369.
dangers from, in rivers of New Galicia =14=: 539.
effigy of, in Santa Rita mound =19=: 680, 684.
hunting of =38=: § 217.
legends concerning =30=: 135, 212.
myths concerning =19=: 459.
pottery, figured =38=: § 96.
rain due to =30=: 267.
representation of, in Gulf Coast pottery =20=: 110.
scale headbands =38=: § 530.
teeth as talismans =30=: 289 _sq._, 298.
town emblems of Tukabahchee =42=: 243.
used as food =42=: 693.
utilization of, in Chiriquian art =6=: 130-140, 166, 173-176, 178,
180, 183.
=Alligator Clan=
native names for =42=: 115.
reasons for associations of =42=: 145.
story concerning =42=: 108.
=Alligator Creek=, archeological sites at =48=: 3.
=Alligator Dance=
description of =42=: 530.
mention of =42=: 524.
=“Alligator “Mound= =2=: 158.
=Alligator Stools=, nature of =30=: 135, 192, 250.
=Allionia Nyctaginea= =33=: 78.
use of =44=: 286, 362.
=Allis, Samuel=, on Kickapoo prayer-stick =14=: 697.
=Allison, Thomas=, Pima interpreter =26=: 18.
=Allison, William=, a Kiowa trader =17=: 283, 313.
=Allium Acuminatum= =45=: 482.
=Allium Mutabile= =33=: 71.
=Allium Stellatum=, use of =44=: 286, 340, 377.
=Allium Tricoccum=, use of =44=: 286, 346.
=Alloc=, mentioned =44=: 35.
=Allotted Lands=, tenure of =18=: 643.
=Allotment.= _See_ =Lands=.
=Allotment Act of 1887=
effect on Indian reservations of =18=: 641 _sq._
in severalty, regulation by act of Congress of =18=: 642.
in severalty, schedule of treaties and acts of Congress
authorizing =18=: 645 _sqq._
=Allouez, _Père_ Claude=
on Maskotin use of wild rice =19=: 1054.
on Rabbit-rock myth =14=: 117.
=All-over Designs= =41=: 233, 240, 271 _sqq._
=All-together=, sign for =1=: 523.
=Allyn, Robert=, assists in exploration =12=: 181.
=Almacabala=
modern vestiges of =19=: 847-851.
stepping stone to modern science =19=: 825 _sq._
=Almagro=, struggles of, in Peru against Pizarro =14=: 376.
=Almaguer, Antonio de=, secretary in New Spain =14=: 598.
=Almanac=, Cherokee, establishment of =19=: 112.
=Almidez Cherino, Pero=, royal veedor for New Spain =14=: 596, 598.
=Almirantazgo=, island of =14=: 545.
=Almogen= used by Navahos in blanching silver =2=: 175.
=Almotu=, a Pälus village =14=: 735.
=Almy, John=, circular works on land of, New York =12=: 510.
=Alnus Incana=
medicinal constituents of =44=: 303.
medicinal properties of =44=: 299.
use of =44=: 286, 346, 358, 360, 369.
=Alnus Oregona= =45=: 501.
=Alnus Rhombifolia= =45=: 503.
=Alnus Rubra= =45=: 483.
=Alo Mana=
derivation of =21=: 125.
description of =21=: 108, 109.
=Aloam Mountain= in Pima mythology =26=: 242.
=Aloe, Mexican=, use of, for clothing by Pueblo Indians =14=: 569.
=Alona= identified with Halona =13=: 327.
=Alone Man=, Catch-the-Bear killed by =14=: 857.
=Alonso, Manuel A.=, on Porto Rican folklore =25=: 20.
=Alosaka=
derivation of =21=: 125.
description of =21=: 121.
Hopi germ-god =21=: 121.
idols in Awatobi shrine =17=: 619.
Patuñ germ-god =19=: 595 _sq._
_See also_ =Muyiñwû=.
=Alphabet=
Siouan =11=: 363; 15: 208.
syllabic, used by Winnebago =37=: 47.
Tsimshian =31=: 42.
used for Cherokee words =19=: 506.
used in record of Hako ceremony =22, ii=: 16.
used in spelling Hopi names =21=: 126.
used in writing Eskimo names =18=: 22.
_See also_ =Syllabary=.
=Alphabets= =4=: 13.
=Alsea Indians=
amount of wild rice harvested by the =19=: 1076.
habitat of =7=: 134.
land cessions and reservations =18=: 812, 814, 838, 878, 948.
linguistic work among the =24=: XXII.
paper on =40=: 17.
=Alsea Language=
grammatical sketch of, by Dr. Leo Frachtenberg =36=: 22; =37=: 18.
work on, by Dr. Leo Frachtenberg =34=: 21.
=Alsek River=, Tlingit clans near mouth of =26=: 413.
=Alta California=, on Pima and Maricopa =26=: 31.
=Altamira, Mexico=
antiquities at =26=: XV, XVI.
founded by Escandron =25=: 278.
ruins =25=: 276.
stone idols =25=: 278 _sqq._
=Altar Mounds= =5=: 57, 58.
=Altar Stones=
reference to =42=: 709.
St. Kitts =34=: 160.
=Altars=
absence of, at Cipaulovi =16=: 277.
absence of, in buffalo dance =21=: 30.
absence of, in Pamürti =21=: 26.
absence of, in Tawa Paholawû =21=: 31.
absence of, in winter Lakone Paholawû =21=: 39.
antelope, erection of =47=: 72.
appearance of, in Hopi festivals =21=: 57.
appearance of, in house of the Patki clan =21=: 29.
appearance of, in representations of Hopi katcinas =21=: 28.
appearance of, in Soyaluña =21=: 25.
caciques =47=: 41 _sq._, 44.
clay, occurrence of, in eastern United States =20=: 36 _sq._
conformity of, to direction of kiva =8=: 116.
described =41=: 505.
design of, in meal =47=: 296.
for Horned Serpent ceremony =47=: 301.
for rain ceremony =47=: 330 _sq._
in Hopi ceremonies =15=: 261, 267, 270.
in house circle =41=: 592.
in House of the Mysteries =41=: 568 _sq._
of corn group =47=: 280.
of curing society, description of =47=: 48.
of Laguna Fathers =47=: 311.
of medicine societies =47=: 109, 279 _sq._, 491, 529.
of moieties =47=: 280.
of religious fraternities, study of =19=: XLVI-XLIX, L _sqq._
of the Pekwīn =47=: 659.
of Zuñi priesthood, description of =47=: 514.
old, disposal of =47=: 129.
special wood used for =47=: 129.
time for erection of =16=: 277.
used among the Sia =11=: 104.
_See also_ =Antelope Altar=; =Snake Altar=.
=Altars and altar mounds= not necessarily places of sacrifice =12=:
606.
=Al-ta-tin=, population =7=: 55.
=Alton, Illinois=
flint near =44=: 532 _sq._
petroglyphs near =10=: 80.
Telegraph, on salt vessels =20=: 31.
=Altpeter Mounds=
form of =37=: 100.
location of =37=: 99.
number of =37=: 100.
=Alubiri=
legends concerning =30=: 119, 120, 142.
_See also_ =Abori=; =Haburi=; =Harawali=; =Oruperi=.
=Alum-root=
use of =44=: 289, 290.
_See also_ =Heuchera=; =Heuchera Hispida=.
=Alvarado, Cipriano=, assistance rendered by =41=: 85.
=Alvarado, Hernando de=
appointment of =14=: 477.
Coronado protected by, at Cibola =14=: 483.
expedition of, to Rio Grande =14=: LVII, 390, 490, 575.
on Acoma =29=: 543.
Pecos chiefs imprisoned by =14=: 493.
report of discoveries by =14=: 594.
visit of, at Acoma =47=: 23, 24.
visit of, to Braba =14=: 511.
wounded by Indians =14=: 557.
Zuñi ruins visited by =13=: 344.
=Alvarado, Pedro de=
arguments before Council of the Indies =14=: 372.
arrival of, in New Spain =14=: 408.
death of, at Nochistlan =14=: 410.
efforts of, to provide wives for the colonists =14=: 374.
expedition of, to Peru =14=: 474.
failure of expedition to Peru =14=: 352.
feats of =14=: 540.
lieutenant of Cortes, conqueror of Guatemala =14=: 352.
unites with Mendoza for exploration =14=: 353.
=Alvarez, Ruperto=, aid rendered by =17=: XLII, 14.
=Alvemar-Leon, Arturo=
acknowledgments to =17=: 13.
portrait of =17=: 13.
services rendered by =16=: LXIII.
=Alveolar Angle=, Eskimo =46=: 284.
=Alvord, _Captain_=
on Kiowa character =17=: 235.
on the Kiowa Apache in 1872 =17=: 252.
report of, on the Kiowa =17=: 193, 195.
=Amado, Lucero=, reference to =29=: 251.
=Ama’ala´=
a supernatural being supporting the world =31=: 453.
story of =31=: 116-121.
=Amalicite Indians=
birch-bark notice of trip by =10=: 334 _sqq._
dice games of the =24=: 49 _sq._
tribal emblem of =10=: 379.
=Amalivaca=, legends concerning =30=: 119, 136, 149 _sq._
=Amen, Max=, interview with =44=: 60 _sq._
=Amaranthus=
bread colored by =30=: 74, 87.
cheeks colored by =30=: 83.
used as food =30=: 67.
used in ceremonies =30=: 87.
=Amatepeque=, revolt in, quelled by Coronado =14=: 380.
=Amativeness=, expression of =30=: 163 _sq._
=Amazon Indian=
decorative body painting by the =10=: 620.
mode of drilling =13=: 165.
=Amazons=
explanation of myth =30=: 365 _sq._
legends concerning =30=: 222, 335, 363, 364 _sqq._
=Ambrosetti=, idol figured by =25=: 141.
=Ambrosia Eliator= =33=: 132.
=Ambrosial Pleasures= =19=: LIX _sq._
=Ambush=, use of, by the Spaniards =14=: 500.
=Amecos=, a Trinidad nation =34=: 64.
=Amelanchier Alnifolia= =33=: 87; =45=: 462, 471, 485, 487, 488,
489, 490, 496, 510.
=Amelanchier Canadensis=, use of =44=: 286, 307, 344, 356, 358.
=Amelia County (Va.)=, steatite quarry in =15=: 107, 132.
=America=
aboriginal pottery of =20=: 19-201.
as a field for study of art =4=: 443.
characterization of paper on aboriginal pottery of =20=: XXVI
_sq._
indicated by customs, migrations to and in =3=: 146-151.
North, petroglyphs in =10=: 37-140.
origin of Eskimo in =46=: 330, 340-347, 356.
peopling of =46=: 29.
peopling of, from Asia =46=: 175.
peopling of, through Alaska =46=: 181.
=American=
aborigines equally divided in culture stages =21=: XXII.
Indian belief of origin of the =14=: 721.
Indian regard for the =14=: 676.
influence on Pima =26=: 98.
relations with Maricopa =26=: 31 _sq._
relations with Pima =26=: 30-34.
Tewa names for =29=: 573.
traders’ dealings with the Pima =26=: 94.
=American Anthropologist=
article on maple sugar in =20=: 33.
paper in, cited =24=: 213.
paper on American pottery in =20=: 15.
paper on evolution of ornament in =20=: 64.
reference to =19=: 632.
=American Antiquarian Society= on Mayan inscriptions =19=: 700.
=American Antiquities=, preservation of =27=: 10.
=American Association for the Advancement of Science=, paper on
Vermont pottery in _Proceedings of_ =20=: 169.
=American Blood= among the Cherokee =19=: 83.
=American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions=, work of,
among the Cherokee =19=: 104 _sq._, 136.
=American Cultures=, affinities, origin =46=: 175.
=American Elm= =33=: 75.
=American Emigrant Company=, negotiations for neutral lands =5=:
349.
=American Explorations=, Yukon =46=: 128.
=American Fur Company=
dependence of, on wild rice =19=: 1103 _sq._
traders of the =46=: 621.
=American Horse=
a Dakota chief =15=: 190.
acknowledgments to =14=: 655.
delegate to Washington =14=: 891.
emissary to Bad-land’s refugees =14=: 867.
ghost dance council held by =14=: 820.
Kicking Bear’s surrender effected by =14=: 868.
on the Sioux outbreak =14=: 839, 843.
on Wounded Knee massacre =14=: 869, 885.
winter count of =10=: 269.
_See also_ =Päbóte=.
=American Horse Chart=
or Winter count =4=: 95, 129-146.
_See also_ =Corbusier Winter Counts=.
=American Indian Games= =25=: XX.
=American Indian Mission Association=, grant of land to =18=: 794.
=American Indians, Handbook of= =25=: X, XVII, XIX, XX.
=American Languages, Handbook of= =25=: X, XIX _sq._
=American Museum=, elbow stones in =34=: 205 _sq._
=American Museum of Natural History=
acknowledgments to =6=: 409; =20=: 16; =37=: 48.
archaeologic explorations by =28=: 18.
figured specimens from =6=: 472, 517.
mention of =46=: 166, 229, 235, 255.
on Mayan inscriptions =19=: 700.
permit granted =27=: 11.
reference to =41=: 223.
=American Naturalist=
on tattooing =4=: 76.
paper on Vermont pottery in =20=: 169.
on pottery =4=: 276.
=American Race=, achievements of, illustrated =25=: XIII.
=American State Papers=, cited =12=: 695.
=Ames, Oliver=, petitions for Casa Grande repair =15=: CII.
=Amethyst=, beads of =44=: 104.
=Amherst, Ohio=, rock carvings at =4=: 21.
=Amiantis Shells=, manufacture of beads from =2=: 226.
=´mĭna=
in Pima song =26=: 332.
medicinal use of =26=: 265, 266.
=Amitstci=, four-stick game of the =24=: 333.
=Ammunition=, lack of, in New Spain =14=: 540.
=Amohave= in Yuma-Pima battle =26=: 47.
=Amorpha Canescens= =33=: 93.
=Amorpha Fruticosa= =33=: 93.
=Amphora= from caves in the Nantacks =22, i=: 189.
=Amputation=
practice of =46=: 427 _sq._
practiced by the Chippewa =44=: 333, 334.
=Amsterdam, Fort.= _See_ =Fort Amsterdam=.
=Amsterdam, Va.=, trail passing =42=: 760.
=´mû ´kimûlt.= _See_ =Salt River=.
=Amulets=
appearance of, in Hopi katcinas =21=: 101.
ancient weapons and implements; used as =9=: 438, 439.
as idols =25=: 196.
from Guadeloupe =34=: 136.
in Connell collection =34=: 165.
mention of =34=: 113 _sqq._, 233 _sq._
of the Apache =9=: 587-591.
of the Caddo described =14=: 904.
of dried bees =9=: 440.
of the Eskimo =11=: 201; =13=: 115; =18=: 434-441.
of the Eskimo, how carried =9=: 434.
of the Menomini =14=: 74.
of the Northern Indians =11=: 275.
of seal skin for catching fowls =9=: 439.
parts of various animals =9=: 437 _sq._, 441.
pottery, Florida peninsula =20=: 128.
reindeer antler =9=: 436.
shell =25=: 193.
stones =9=: 437.
twin =25=: 201.
use of =11=: 515.
wearing in savagery =16=: 21.
whales of glass, wood, and stone =9=: 435 _sq._
Zuñi use of =2=: 44.
_See also_ =Stone Amulets=.
=Amusements=
account of Omaha =27=: 363-370.
of the Assiniboin =15=: 225.
of the Eskimo =11=: 254.
of the Northern Indians =11=: 320.
of the Omahas =3=:
cards 341.
children’s 341.
diving 341.
hitting the stone 339.
plumstone shooting 334.
shooting at the rolling wheel 335.
stick and ring 337.
stick counting 338.
women’s ball game 338.
of the Siouan tribes =15=: 174.
of the Tsimshian =31=: 409.
_See also_ =Games=.
=Aña=, derivation of =21=: 125.
=Anabali Indians=, burial customs of =30=: 159.
=Anacaona=, wife of Caonabo =25=: 59, 81.
=Anacapa Island=, visit of Ferrel to =14=: 412.
=Anacardiaceae= =33=: 99.
=Anacostia, D. C.=
aboriginal village on site of =20=: 156.
pottery from =20=: 156 _sq._
quartzite blades from =15=: 79.
rhyolite implements from =15=: 89.
steatite pipe from =15=: 133.
_See also_ =District of Columbia=.
=Anacostia Valley=, archeology of =15=: 69.
=Anadarko=
a Caddo division =14=: 1092.
customs of =42=: 702.
fight at =17=: 204.
Kiowa council at =14=: 913.
removal of Kiowa agency to =17=: 218.
threatened attack on =17=: 204.
_See also_ =Nadako=.
=Ánahoho= of Zuñi mythology =13=: 414.
=Áñakatcina=, ceremony of the Hopi =15=: 264, 294, 303.
=Áña Katcina Manas=, ceremonial grinding of meal by =21=: 49.
=Analysis=
of Picurís songs =43=: 399-425.
of the life form in art =4=: 244.
=Anaphalis Margaitacea= =45=: 465.
use of =44=: 282, 362.
=Anaphrodisiacs.= _See_ =Love Charms=.
=Anasagunticook=, location of =43=: 170.
=Anawita=
chief of Pitka, mention of =19=: 597.
Hopi Rain-cloud clan chief, reference to =19=: 579.
Mesauwûh personified by =15=: 263.
on advent of clans at Walpi =19=: 585.
traditional information given by =17=: 595.
Tusayan tradition by =13=: 188.
=Anba-Hebe= cited on tradition of the pipes =3=: 222.
=Ancestor Worship=
absence of =11=: 371.
at Sikyatki =17=: 732.
by the Hopi =15=: 251.
in Snake-dance =19=: 965 _sq._, 1008.
nature of =47=: 510.
Omaha attitude toward =27=: 601.
terms indicative of =11=: 368.
=Ancestors=
offerings to =47=: 509, 621.
Zuñi cult of the =47=: 509 _sqq._
=Anchor= =35=: 511.
=Anchor Stones= =35=: 180.
=Anchorage=, town of =46=: 36.
=Ancient=
art in the province of Chiriqui =6=: 13-187.
burial customs of barbaric tribes =1=: 152.
cemetery of Abiquiu =1=: 111.
nations, tree burials of =1=: 165, 166.
=Ancient-bodied=, a female man-being in Iroquoian cosmology =21=:
228.
=Ancient Clan Masks=
description of =21=: 109-112.
ownership of =31=: 109.
=Ancient People=, Tewa name for =29=: 573.
=Ancient Pottery= of the Mississippi Valley =4=: 361-436.
=Ancient Pueblos=, pottery of the =4=: 257-360.
=Ancientism= defined =1=: 33, 39.
=Ancients=
curious mourning observances of =1=: 165, 166.
Hopi, personification of =21=: 16.
_See also_ =Ancestor Worship=; =Ancestors=; =Katcinas=.
=Ancients, The=
references to =28=: 42.
_See also_ =Ancestor=; =Hohokam=; =Inhabitants=.
=Ancon, Peru=
absence of trephined crania at =16=: 13.
examples of ornamentation from graves at =6=: 212, 230, 231, 236,
243, 248.
=Andaggyjunkquagh=, sale of land by =18=: 596.
=Andaman Islanders=
head decoration by =10=: 621.
head decoration of =10=: 222.
tattooing of =10=: 418.
=Anderson, C. M.= =46=: 100.
=Anderson, Peter=, Pueblo ruins on farm of =22, i=: 173.
=Anderson, Robert=, remains on farm of (Arkansas) =12=: 228.
=Anderson, W. G.=, opened Wisconsin mounds =5=: 16.
=Anderson _and_ Stewart=, cited =6=: 458, 459.
=Anderson River=, clothing from =18=: 39.
=Anderson Township, Ohio=, mounds =5=: 47, 48.
=Andiron, Shumopavi= =8=: 176.
=Andrade, Eduardo J.=, acknowledgment to =22, i=: XII.
=Andrade, Francisco=, campaign against Seri by =17=: 88-93.
=Andree, _Dr._ Richard=, criticism on pictographs by =4=: 14 _sq._
=Andreivsky=
festival observed at =18=: 361 _sqq._
implements from =18=: 121 _sq._
legends from =18=: 485 _sq._, 488 _sqq._, 490-494.
visited by E. W. Nelson =18=: 19.
=Andrew, _Father_=, stories about =47=: 206.
=Andrew, Tarascon=, remains in Pueblo country =14=: 592.
=Andrews, E. B.=
finds copper articles smooth and even as if from rolled sheet
=12=: 711.
remarks regarding use of fire in burial ceremonies =12=: 567, 678.
=Andrews, Frank=, flint on land of =44=: 538.
=Andrews, _Miss_ Harriet A.=
assistance of =36=: 20; =38=: 15.
mention of =31=: 32.
work of =29=: 22.
=Andropogon Furcatus=
use of =44=: 286, 342, 348.
use for making arrows for toy bows =33=: 68.
=Anecdote= from Du Tertre =34=: 222.
=A´neglakya=, legend of =30=: 46.
=A´neglakyatsi´tsa=, legend of =30=: 46.
=Anemone= =33=: 82.
=Anemone Canadensis= =33=: 82.
=Anemone Cylindrica= =33=: 82.
=Anemone Multifida= =45=: 474, 513.
=Anemone Occidentalis= =45=: 459, 466.
=Angel, Don=, notes obtained from =48=: 8.
=Angel, Silas=, mounds on land of =12=: 559.
=Angel de la Guardia=
island of =14=: 554.
island, occupied by Yuman tribes =7=: 138.
=Angeles=, location, duration, and size of =17=: 69 _sqq._
=Angelica=, medicinal use of =42=: 657.
=Angell, Henry N.=
in Sioux outbreak =14=: 863.
steatite quarry on land of =15=: 107.
=Anger=
bodily attitude as a sign of =20=: CXLII _sq._
expressed by ants worrying a corpse =38=: § 841.
how indicated =30=: 300 _sq._
sign for =1=: 301.
signal for =1=: 529.
=Angle-stem= =33=: 132.
=Angles=
Eskimo, facial =46=: 285.
Eskimo, mandibular =46=: 305.
in design, interpretation of =41=: 313 _sqq._
=Anglo-Saxon= use of stone axes =13=: 63.
=Angola=, myths of =19=: 441 _sq._, 446, 447, 450, 452, 453.
=Angópte=, data concerning =17=: 146.
=Āngū´n=, a Tlingit town =26=: 397, 412.
=Anian, Straits of.= _See_ =Straits of Anian=.
=Ani´-Kitu´whagĭ=, _See_ =Kitu´whagĭ=.
=Ani´-Ku´sa.= _See_ =Creeks=.
=Anilukhtakpak, Aninulykhtyk-Pak= =46=: 127, 129, 130, 131.
=Animakee Waba=, Ojibwa treaty signer =14=: 28.
=Animal Carvings= studied =3=: XVIII.
=Animal Dances= =45=: 387 _sq._
list of =42=: 523 _sq._
performance of =42=: 610.
=Animal Effigies=
clay, Casa Grande =28=: 134 _sq._
finding in Pueblo ruins =22, i=: 109.
in mounds at Santa Rita =19=: 678-685.
=Animal Features= as decoration =41=: 539.
=Animal Fetishes.= _See_ =Mythology=.
=Animal Figures=
on knife handles, affinities of =46=: 175.
on Pueblo pottery =22, i=: 71, 72, 145, 153, 154.
substances used in art =15=: 21.
unknown in Chesapeake stone art =15=: 96.
_See also_ =Bird Stones=; =Frog=; =Heads=; =Monkey=; =Peccary=;
=Reptiles=; =Shark=; =Squirrel=; =Turtle=.
=Animal Food=
cooking of =45=: 94 _sq._
of Tennessee Indians =41=: 555, 607-711.
=Animal Forms=
and designs, Apalachee-Ohio pottery =20=: 180.
eastern U. S. pottery =20=: 40, 41, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67.
eastern U. S. pottery, significance of =20=: 100.
Florida peninsula pottery =20=: 118.
Gulf Coast pottery =20=: 106-112, 113 _sq._
Gulf Coast pottery, possible source of =20=: 105.
in designs on basketry =41=: 379 _sqq._, 382, 429 _sq._
Iroquoian pottery, rarity of =20=: 162.
Iroquoian pipes =20=: 174.
Lower Mississippi Valley pottery =20=: 104.
Middle Atlantic Coast pottery =20=: 156.
Middle Atlantic Coast pottery, rarity of =20=: 145, 151.
Middle Mississippi Valley pottery =20=: 85 _sq._, 87, 88, 90
_sq._, 92-98, 99.
Northwestern pottery =20=: 198.
Ohio Valley pottery =20=: 185.
South Appalachian pottery =20=: 137, 138, 140, 141.
Southern and Northern pottery =20=: 145, 187.
_See also_ =Bird=; =Life=; =Man=; =Plant=; =Shell=.
=Animal Gods=
influence =30=: 40.
_See also_ =Animal Worship=.
=Animal Life=
myths =11=: 31, 146, 425.
of the Upper Missouri =46=: 410 _sqq._
of the Ungava district =11=: 174.
societies, organization of =11=: 69.
=Animal Spirits=
propitiated by dances =42=: 549.
=Animal Substances=
articles of, from Wolpi =2=: 396.
articles of, from Zuñi =2=: 373.
collection of objects of =3=: 437, 467, 485.
=Animal Symbols=
Eskimo =18=: 450.
use of =46=: 412.
=Animal, Wild=, meeting of =31=: 106, 723, 728.
=Animal Worship=
defined =15=: 179.
of the Zuñi =2=: 11.
_See also_ =Animal Gods=.
=Animals=
ability to talk attributed to =42=: 489.
appealed to by warriors =39=: 58.
as fetishes =47=: 277 _sq._
as human beings =30=: 199-227.
as supernatural =47=: 343.
association of, with diseases =42=: 638.
attributes, transfer to human beings =30=: 292, 297.
belief concerning =46=: 487.
binas from =30=: 284 _sq._, 288.
carvings, article upon, discussed =2=: XX.
chiefly used for food =27=: 271.
chiefs and tribes of =19=: 231, 261-266, 445-448.
control of =30=: 340 _sq._
creation of =30=: 148.
custom regarding killing of =46=: 412.
derivation of man from =30=: 143 _sq._
designs =31=: 54, 55, 56.
destruction of skeletal remains by =46=: 363.
dogs named for =30=: 307.
domestic, trephined =16=: 16.
domesticated by the Pima =26=: 84 _sqq._
domestication of =42=: 694.
Eskimo account of creation of =18=: 455.
Eskimo belief in dual existence of =18=: 394 _sq._, 425.
extinct, at Big Bone Lick =42=: 742, 790, 791.
extinct, at Saltville =42=: 752.
figures showing =22, i=: 67, 68, 133.
food of Pima =26=: 80-83.
forms in pottery =4=: 383-392.
forms of pottery from Pueblo ruins, features of =22, i=: 66-69,
133.
four symbolic, Wi´-gi-e of =39=: 245.
game, belief regarding hearing of =35=: 637.
how divided among Omaha hunters =3=: 300.
hunted for meat and skin =45=: 96 _sq._
in Osage legend =27=: 63.
in Pima mythology =26=: 214, 247.
in Tlingit calendar =26=: 426.
Kanaima as =30=: 356.
known to Omaha =27=: 103 _sq._
list of species of =22, i=: 110.
list of, used for food =46=: 583.
magic power of, Pima =26=: 250.
memoir on, carvings from mounds of the Mississippi Valley =2=:
117-166.
men changed to =30=: 60.
men changed to, legends of =30=: 184, 201.
men transformed into =40=: 37, 63, 117.
method of slaughtering =37=: 113.
mounds =2=: 152.
mounds in Wisconsin =4=: 61.
mythic, of the Eskimo =18=: 394.
mythological classification of =37=: 186.
myths concerning =19=: 239, 243, 250 _sqq._, 280 and _passim_.
of the Point Barrow region, Alaska =9=: 55-59.
of the Pueblo region =14=: 518.
of Seriland =17=: 36-39.
omens from =30=: 274-277.
place in nature =27=: 357 _sq._, 511-516, 518, 533, 588 _sq._,
599 _sqq._
plants associated with =30=: 37, 38, 40.
plants used as food by =45=: 514.
power of transformation of =37=: 197.
pregnant, taboo for food =30=: 297.
remains from Pueblo ruins, collection of =22, i=: 26, 164.
should not be scolded =31=: 445.
skins of, for symbolic use =39=: 46.
smoke offering to skins of =39=: 243-248.
some, not eaten =31=: 501 _sq._
source of Tlingit names =26=: 421, 422.
spirits of, as guardians of the penalties =39=: 44.
spirits of =30=: 153, 174 _sq._, 199.
spirits of, propitiation of =30=: 197.
spirits of, transformed to man =30=: 199.
supernatural =31=: 272, 459 _sq._; =42=: 497 _sq._
taboo among Iowa Indians =11=: 426.
taboo among the Omaha =11=: 412.
taken by Coronado for food supply =14=: 553.
trails made by =42=: 735, 741, 788.
treatment of =45=: 291.
_See also_ =Bear=; =Livestock=; and principal animals under their
respective names.
=Animas Valley= =4=: 315.
=Animism=
among the northern Indians =11=: 273.
among the Siouan peoples =11=: 431, 514.
and folklore of the Guiana Indians, memoir on =30=: 26 _sqq._,
103-386.
discussion of =11=: XLV, 520.
introduced, tales =30=: 371-379.
significance of =21=: 15.
=Anise, Wild= =33=: 113.
=Ani´-Tsa´ lăgĭ´=, =Ani´-Yûñ´ wiyă´= _See_ =Tsa´ lăgĭ=, =Yûñ´
wiyă´=.
=Aniyak= =46=: 204, 205.
=Anklets=
appearance of, in representations of Hopi katcinas =21=: 68.
cotton =38=: § 552.
=Anko=
acknowledgments to =17=: 147.
meaning of name of =17=: 145.
=Anko Calendar=
beginning of =17=: 313.
description of =17=: 144, 145.
period covered by =17=: 143.
whereabouts of =17=: 146.
=Anko Monthly Calendar= =17=: 373-379.
=Ankwanti=
appearance of Hahai wügti in =21=: 68
appearance of Wupamau in =21=: 91, 92.
_See also_ =Palülükoñti=.
=Annals, Pima.= _See_ =History of Pima=.
=Annamite Tradition= concerning tattooing =10=: 413.
=Annapolis=, operations near =13=: XXVI.
=Annenraes=, captivity of =43=: 456.
=Announcement Days= of the Hopi elaborate festivals =21=: 20.
=Annual Buffalo Hunt.= _See_ =Buffalo Hunt=.
=Annuities=
apportionment of =19=: 106, 138, 177.
Cherokee =19=: 81, 85, 129.
Cheyenne and Arapaho, grant of =17=: 184 _sqq._
distribution of =46=: 473.
Kiowa, grant of =17=: 173.
Kiowa, recommendation to withhold =17=: 194.
paid to Creeks, distribution of =42=: 317 _sq._
withholding of =19=: 138.
=Annular Doorway= =8=: 182, 193.
=Annulet= used in Tusayan ceremony =16=: 281.
=Anogogmut=
implements and utensils from =18=: 69, 74, 96 _sq._, 147, 148,
151, 169.
ornaments from =18=: 60, 61.
tobacco implements from =18=: 273, 275, 279.
transportation apparatus from =18=: 226.
=Anogok= =46=: 193.
=Anointing=
of body =14=: 1037; =38=: § 511.
of visitors =38=: § 809.
=Anos-anyotskano=, Kichai name of the Arapaho =14=: 953.
=Ánosin Téhuli= of Zuñi mythology =13=: 381.
=Anote=
ceremony led by =21=: 69.
Citoto helmet kept in house of =21=: 95.
East Mesa Natacka masks of Tobacco clan kept by =21=: 70.
=Aⁿpaⁿskă=, mystery decoration of =11=: 398.
=Anq !a´kitān= (a Tlingit clan)
history of =26=: 412.
names of =26=: 421.
phratry and tribe of =26=: 399.
=Anselmo, Lupi=, mention of =47=: 351.
=Anskowĭ´nĭs=, a Cheyenne division =14=: 1026.
=Ánsogíăni=
a Kiowa _taíme_ guardian =17=: 241.
death of =17=: 328.
=Ánoso`te.= _See_ =Ánsogíăni=.
=Ant=
bed, burnt as protection against mosquitoes =38=: § 933.
binas from =30=: 285.
bites of, treatment for =30=: 44.
bites of, used in ordeals =30=: 280, 281, 308 _sqq._, 339 _sq._;
=38=: § 162, 739, 745, 746, 884.
diseases caused by =30=: 40.
eaten =38=: § 225.
expression of anger =38=: § 841.
in Pima legend =28=: 49, 50.
in Pima mythology =26=: 214, 247.
legends concerning =30=: 211, 263, 344.
myths concerning =11=: 104; =19=: 452.
omen from =30=: 275, 277.
origin of =30=: 129.
societies, organization of =11=: 69.
story about =43=: 355 _sqq._
_See also_ =Termite=.
=Ant Bear=
giant anteater =38=: § 166.
claws used for whistle =38=: § 569.
=Ant Diseases=, symptoms of =42=: 648.
=Ant-eater=
claw used for whistle =38=: § 569.
legends of =30=: 220 _sq._, 225.
nature of =30=: 369.
used as food =30=: 297.
=Ant Fraternity=
medicine of =30=: 61.
wormwood used by =30=: 42.
_See also_ =Hä´lo`kwe=.
=Ant Society=
in scalp dance ceremonies =47=: 687.
mention of =47=: 528.
=A´ntcg̣altsu=, a Tlingit town =26=: 397, 412.
=“Antelope,”= steamer, reference to =27=: 87.
=Antelope Altar=
at Cipaulovi =16=: 278.
at Cuñopavi =16=: 287.
at Mishongnovi =19=: 966-969.
at Oraibi =16=: 290.
at Walpi =19=: 980.
characteristics of =19=: 968.
erection of, for initiation =47=: 72.
feather deposited on =16=: 284.
of Tusayan, discussed =16=: 299.
time for preparation of =16=: 275, 386.
=Antelope Chief=, performances of =16=: 277, 284.
=Antelope Clan=
cacique selected from =47=: 38, 41.
size of =47=: 35.
_See also_ =Tcubio Clan=.
=Antelope Dance=
at Cipaulovi =16=: 277, 281.
at Oraibi =16=: 292.
=Antelope Drives= among the Kiowa =17=: 288.
=Antelope Driveway=, description of =17=: 309.
=Antelope Heads= at Oraibi altar =16=: 291, 307.
=Antelope Katcinas=, association of, with Kwewû =21=: 103.
=Antelope Priests=
and Snake-dances =19=: 973-976.
costume of =16=: 282.
in Cuñopavi Snake-dance =16=: 288.
in Walpi Snake-dance =19=: 984 _sq._
part played by, in Antelope and Snake dances =19=: 974 _sq._
performances of, at Oraibi =16=: 292.
same as Tcübwimpkia =19=: 623 _sq._
why so called =16=: 306.
=Antelope-Snake Ceremony= of the Hopi =15=: 262
=Antelope Society=
census of =19=: 625.
kiva of, at Mishongnovi =19=: 966.
=Antelope Valley.= _See_ =Jeditch Valley=.
=Antelopes=
hunting of =27=: 271, 275; =46=: 535.
in Pima mythology =26=: 217.
myths concerning =11=: 52,64; =19=: 451.
Pueblo implements made from bones of, described =22, i=: 94, 95.
signs for =1=: 410.
=Antennae= in pictures of Hopi katcinas =21=: 81.
=Antennaria=, species of, used medicinally =42=: 668.
=Antennaria Microphylla= =45=: 466.
=Antennaria Rosea= =45=: 464.
=Antennaria sp.= =45=: 458, 464, 492.
=Anthony, _Rev._ Albert Seqaqkind=
information furnished by =24=: 446.
on dice games, Delawares =24=: 70.
on ring and pin, Delawares =24=: 537.
=Anthropic Worship and Ritual.= _See_ =A´shiwi=, _history myth of
the_; =Gods=, _rabbit hunt with the_; =Ki´wiᵗsiwe=, _and their
functions_; =Ko´loowisi=, _coming of_; =Ko´tikili=, _voluntary
initiation into_.
=Anthropologic Archeology= =1=: 73, 74.
data, limitation of use of =1=: 73-86.
ethnic characteristics =1=: 76, 77.
history, customs =1=: 76, 77.
language =1=: 78-81.
morphology =1=: 81, 82.
origin of man =1=: 77, 78.
picture writing =1=: 75.
psychology =1=: 83, 86.
sociology =1=: 83.
=Anthropological Institute of New York=, pictographs published by
=10=: 106.
=Anthropological Society of Washington=
cited =4=: 17.
turtlebacks discussed before =15=: 30.
=Anthropology=
classification of =16=: XLVI, L, LIII, LIX, LXI.
defined =15=: XVIII.
development of =16=: XVI.
=Anthropology, Physical=
Western Eskimo, notes on =46=: 213-228, 228-250.
Yukon =46=: 149.
=Anthropometamorphosis= of John Bulwer quoted =3=: 77.
=Anthropometry=
St. Lawrence Island =46=: 30, 238, 251, 252.
Tanana =46=: 44.
Western Eskimo =46=: 228, 283 _sq._, 250.
Yukon =46=: 150.
=Anthropomorphism=, defined =11=: 520.
=Antiche=
Coweta chief =42=: 34.
name interpreted =42=: 34.
=Anticosti Island=, reference to =28=: 290.
=Antidotes=, plants used as =44=: 328.
_See also_ =Poison=.
=Antigua, Mexico.=
modern name of Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz =25=: 232, 243 _sq._
ruins near =26=: XV.
=Antillean=
peoples, probable connection of, with Florida pottery =20=: 115.
wood-carving designs, resemblance of stamp designs to =20=: 123.
=Antilleans= =25=:
agriculture 50-53.
areitos 210.
art 142, 152.
bone carving 192 _sq._
culture 215 _sqq._
divination 63.
food 48 _sqq._
games 84 _sq._
houses 41-47, 84.
hunting and fishing 48 _sqq._
language 76 _sqq._, 216.
mortuary customs 58, 213 _sq._
music 210.
myths 72-76.
narcotics 63 _sq._
origin 215-220.
physical characteristics 28-31, 144, 145, 213.
religion 53 _sq._, 130.
rites and ceremonies 64-72.
sacrifices to gods 49.
shell carving 192 _sq._
tobacco 63 _sq._
totems 59.
voyages 207 _sq._
weapons 35.
_See also_ =Arawak=; =Borinqueños=; =Carib=; =Cubans=; =Haitians=;
etc.
=Antilles.= _See_ =Greater Antilles=; =Lower Antilles=.
=Antilocapra Americana Mexicana=, eaten by Pima =26=: 81.
=Antimony Mines=, reputed aboriginal work in =15=: 116.
=Antiquities=
absence of =46=: 413, 414.
movable, or relics and remains =12=: 28.
of the Menomini =14=: 6-39.
of southern Indians, Jones quoted on =4=: 22 _sq._, 46.
preservation of =29=: 20.
=Antiquities, Aboriginal American, Handbook of= =40=: 17.
=Antiquities of U. S.=, preservation of =28=: 10, 17 _sq._
=Antiquity=
of coiled ware and whiteware, relative =4=: 358 _sq._
of cremation =1=: 143.
of Eskimo =46=: 169, 181, 238.
of gesture language =1=: 285.
of human remains in Florida =27=: 10 _sq._
of man =25=: 220.
of man in America =24=: XII.
of man in Alaska =46=: 362.
of man, study bearing on =44=: 13 _sq._
of remains, Little Diomede =46=: 95.
of trephining =16=: 13, 20, 72.
of Yukon Indians =46=: 83.
=Antiseptics=, use of =30=: 41, 42, 46.
=Antler=
condition of objects of =44=: 106.
objects of =45=: 42 _sq._
used in stone-flaking =15=: 61, 111.
_See also_ =Deer-antler=.
=Anton=, aid rendered by =17=: XLII, 14.
=Antone=, an Alabama chief =42=: 193.
=Antonia, Maria=, information from =13=: XXXIV.
=Antonio Azul=, Pima chief =28=: 34.
=Antonio, Chief.= _See_ =Antonio Azul=.
=Antonio de Ciudad Roderigo=, Franciscan provincial in Mexico =14=:
354.
=Antonio de Santa Maria=, Franciscan friar =14=: 474.
=Antonio Victoria, _Friar_=, leg of, broken =14=: 482.
=Anu=, Hopi clan, reference to =19=: 583.
=Anŭngite=, description of =11=: 473.
=Anvik= =46=: 136, 142, 149, 151, 177.
discovery of =46=: 127.
Eskimoid features at =46=: 56, 59.
influenza at =46=: 133.
lecture at =46=: 59.
Mission school at =46=: 56.
people of =46=: 57.
population of =46=: 130, 131, 132, 134,
sickness at =46=: 56.
stability of village =46=: 59.
stop at =46=: 56.
=Anvik River=
explorations by E. W. Nelson on =18=: 20.
fish in =46=: 60.
remains in =46=: 56.
=Anvil Stones=, observed =15=: XXXIII.
=Añwuci=, personification of, in Tcivato kiva =21=: 30.
=Anwücnaco taka=, derivation of =21=: 125.
=Añya=, dance of Añya Katcinas at Walpi called =21=: 45.
=Añya Katcina=
appearance of, in dramatization of growth of corn =21=: 93.
appearance of, in picture of the Nakopan hoya =21=: 117.
dance of, in Palülükoñti =21=: 50.
introduction of, by Patki =21=: 45.
probable derivation of, from Patki clans =21=: 94.
public dance of, in Walpi plaza =21=: 54.
resemblance of, to Zuñi Kokokci =21=: 94.
=Añya Katcina Manas=, description of =21=: 93, 94.
=Añya Katcina Masks=, resemblance of, to Hokyaña =21=: 94.
=Añya Manas=
resemblance of masks of, to those of Sio manas =21=: 24.
similarity of masks of, to those of Soyal manas =21=: 24.
=Anza=, governor of New Mexico, reference to =19=: 611.
=Anza, _Lt. Col._ Juan Bautista de=, visit of, to Casa Grande =28=:
57.
=Anza Expedition=, extract from accounts of =44=: 46 _sqq._
=Apache=
absence of Ghost-dance among, the =14=: 805.
arrow-chipping of, =13=: 138, 140.
arrow making of the =14=: 275, 279.
as enemies of the Pima =26=: 30, 165.
as slaves =26=: 197.
attacks by, a probable cause of abandonment of pueblos =22, i=:
20.
baskets used by =28=: 147.
basketry, collection of =22, i=: XXXIX.
character of =26=: 26.
chungke game among the =13=: 99.
creation myth of =26=: 239.
depredation in Tusayan =17=: 585.
disease caused by =26=: 265.
earth and sky in mythology of =26=: 239.
effect of, on Pueblo tribes =13=: 260.
Eskimoid features among =46=: 82.
games of the =24=:
archery 383.
bull-roarer 750.
hoop and pole 420, 422, 449-457.
stick dice 88 _sq._
gourmandism among the =14=: 287.
habitat of =7=: 54.
hair of =26=: 265, 325.
hostility of immigrants =26=: 31, 32.
illustrations of ornamentation by =6=: 198, 213, 223.
in Chichilticale country =13=: 296.
in fights with Confederates =26=: 48.
in fights with Maricopa =26=: 50.
influence of, on Hopi removal from old Walpi =19=: 580.
in Ghost-dance =14=: 653, 802, 805, 898.
in Pima flood legend =28=: 51.
in Pima mythology =26=: 213 _sqq._, 229, 366-389.
in Pima song =26=: 335, 336.
in Pima tales =26=: 242, 244 _sqq._, 249, 250.
in Pima war speeches =26=: 353-362.
inroads upon Tusayan by the =8=: 25, 26, 35.
intermarriage =26=: 186 _sq._
Kiowa early warfare with =14=: 1079.
land cessions and reservations =18=: 788, 822, 830, 838, 846, 854,
860, 864, 876, 878, 880, 882 _sqq._, 888, 890, 922, 944.
late appearance of, at Tusayan =17=: 581.
lustration ceremonies of =26=: 204.
medicine men of the =14=: 704.
memoir on medicine-men of, by J. G. Bourke =9=: 433-603.
mescal prized by =26=: 70.
murder party of, by scalp hunters =19=: 209.
observations among the =26=: XIX _sq._
occupancy of Verde ruins =17=: 550, 565, 570.
on Patki migrations =19=: 597.
on Tusayan migrations =19=: 626.
pictographs =28=: 197, 201.
pictographs connected with signs =1=: 372.
pictographs in Verde Valley =17=: 550, 556, 567, 568.
population =7=: 56; =26=: 196.
racing among =19=: 209.
raids =26=: 38-66.
raids of, on Sobaipuri, etc. =19=: 598.
references to =28=: 34, 44, 56, 58, 61, 70, 195, 217.
refusal of, to accept Äpiatañ’s report =14=: 914.
smoke signals of the =1=: 538.
Southern Cibola, exposure of, to =8=: 96.
stone arrow-points among the =14=: 283, 284.
stone-flaking by the =13=: 173.
stone implements of the =14=: 256.
study of the =16=: XXIII, XXVIII; =19=: XXIII.
symbolic colors of =11=: 532.
treatment of gonorrhoea by =26=: 80.
tribal signs for =1=: 459.
use of bullroarer by =14=: 975.
weapons of =26=: 96.
_See also_ =Apache Indian=.
=Apache, Chiricahua=
games of the =24=:
archery 385.
hoop and pole 429, 449.
=Apache, Jicarilla=
games of the =24=:
hidden ball 345.
hoop and pole 449.
running races 806.
genesis myth of the =24=: 345.
_See also_ =Jicarilla Apache=.
=Apache, Mescalero=
games of the =24=:
hoop and pole 449 _sq._
running races 803 _sq._
=Apache, San Carlos=
games of the =24=:
dice games 86.
hoop and pole 450.
=Apache, White Mountain=
games of the =24=:
cat’s cradle 762 _sq._
dice games 87-91.
hoop and pole 450-457.
=Apache Indian=
charms and amulets of =10=: 502 _sq._
color scheme of =29=: 42.
drawings of, compared with German sketches =10=: 740.
hair dressing of women of =10=: 755.
izze-cloth or medicine cord of =10=: 225.
names for =29=: 573-576.
references to =29=: 259, 480, 536.
time records of =10=: 258 _sq._
visit of, to Washington =34=: 28.
_See also_ =Apache=.
=Apache John.= _See_ =Goñk`oñ=.
=Apache Katcinas= among the Hopis =21=: 17.
=Apache-Navaho=, Hawikuh destroyed by =13=: 329.
=Apaches of Arkansas River=
of the plains, Kiowa Apache synonyms =17=: 245.
picture records of =17=: 142.
=Apalache Bay=, explored by Narvaez =14=: 346.
=Apalachee=
application of name to Muskhogean Indians =20=: 130.
dispersion of =42=: 48.
enslavement of =19=: 232.
fighting methods of =42=: 440.
mention of =42=: 324.
of Muskhogean stock =42=: 678.
Seminole treated as, by Milfort =42=: 47.
=Apalachee-Ohio Province=, pottery from =20=: 180 _sqq._
=Apalaches=, supposed by Gallatin to be Yuchi =7=: 126.
=Apalachi Tribe= =7=: 95.
=Apalachicola=
a town of refuge =42=: 252 _sq._
alliance of, with the Creeks =42=: 39.
allocation of clans in beds at =42=: 201-204.
arrangement of square ground of =42=: 226, 270, 271.
busk held at =42=: 585.
clan councils of =42=: 126.
clans of, furnishing chiefs and henihas =42=: 193, 194.
clans, phratries and moieties of =42=: 160.
Lower Creek White town =42=: 126, 254.
position of beds at =42=: 198.
united with Kasihta =42=: 38.
=Apalachicola Region=
pottery from =20=: 110 _sqq._
recent collections from =20=: 125.
=Apalachucla=, ancient town of, described =12=: 655.
=Apaläi Indians=
ordeals of =30=: 310, 314, 315.
sickness of =30=: 346, 350.
=Ä´pämâ´dalte=, death of =17=: 319.
=A´p-anĕka´ra=, Comanche name of Ghost-dance =14=: 791.
=Apangasse=, land cessions and reservations =18=: 780.
=A´pap.= _See_ =Red People=.
=Áp`ätáte.= _See_ =Wóifdóĭsh=.
=Apatite, White,= references to =29=: 580, 584.
=Ape=
day symbol discussed =16=: 259.
definition of =16=: 262.
in Iroquoian cosmology =21=: 214.
=Ä´peñ-gúădal=
in Washita council of 1872 =17=: 190.
surrender of =17=: 211.
=Aphasia=, gestures in =1=: 276.
=Aphoosa Pheeskaw=
identification of =42=: 39.
Kasihta name of river =42=: 37.
=Aphrodisiacs.= _See_ =Love Charms=.
=Apiaceae= =33=: 107.
=Äpiatañ=
delegate to the Messiah =17=: 221, 360, 375, 376.
delegate to Washington =17=: 225.
journey of, to the Sioux =14=: 908.
Kiowa delegate to Wovoka =14=: 903, 911, 913.
medal presented to =14=: 914.
portrait of =14=: 912.
pretender to Kiowa leadership =17=: 219.
result of interview of =14=: 911.
report of Messiah visit of =14=: 913.
report on Messiah doctrine by =14=: 900.
=Apingi Burial= =1=: 125, 126.
=Apios Apios=, a sacred food plant =39=: 129.
=A´pi`ᵗläshiwanni = _Bow priesthood_.= _See_ =Esoteric
Fraternities=.
=Apkhun Pass= =46=: 127.
=Aplache=
foot-cast-ball game of the =24=: 712.
land cessions and reservations =18=: 780.
=Apocynum=
Indian use of, in weaving =13=: 23.
use of =44=: 286, 340.
_See also_ =Dogbane=.
=Apocynum Androsaemifolium=
medicinal constituents of =44=: 303.
medicinal properties of =44=: 300.
mention of =45=: 497.
use of =44=: 286, 336, 338, 340, 356, 360, 376.
_See also_ =Dogbane=.
=Apocynum Cannabinum=, mention of =45=: 470, 498.
=Apodanthera Undulata Gray= raised by Pima =26=: 91.
=Apokak= =46=: 191.
=Apoon Pass= =46=: 195.
=Apoosaguntacook=
mention of =43=: 170.
original form and meaning of the name =43=: 173.
=Apostolicos Afanes.= _See_ =Ortega, José=.
=Apotheosis=, belief in =11=: 425.
=Ápoyan tächu= of Zuñi mythology =13=: 379.
=Appalachian=
burial mounds of =12=: 574.
characteristics of =12=: 573, 585.
district, archeology of =12=: 573 _sqq._
engraved shells of =12=: 575.
limits of, district =12=: 573.
mound district and mounds =5=: 10, 61-86.
pipes of, district =12=: 573.
southern trails of =42=: 771-775.
stone graves of =12=: 575.
_See also_ =Apalachee=; =Apalachee, Ohio=; =South Appalachian=.
=Appalachian Mountains=, ancient home of the Omaha =27=: 35.
=Appalachicola.= _See_ =Seminole, _Appalachicola Band_=.
=Apparel.= _See_ =Clothing=.
=Apparitions= =11=: 497.
=Appe.= _See_ =Ape=.
=Appearing Wolf.= _See_ =Guibadái=.
=Apperson, _Judge_ R.=, gift from, to Peabody Museum =42=: 786.
=Applause=, signs for =1=: 300.
=Applegate, ----=, ethnologic specimens collected by =18=: 346.
=Appleton’s Cyclopedia of American Biography=
by Rev. David Brainerd =19=: 217.
on Chief McGillivray =19=: 210.
on Col. Benjamin Hawkins =19=: 212.
on Col. R. J. Meigs =19=: 212.
on General Robertson =19=: 205.
on John Ross =19=: 114.
on Nancy Ward =19=: 204.
on St. Clair’s defeat =19=: 212.
on Wayne’s victory =19=: 213.
=Application, Practical=, of sign language =1=: 346.
=Appointment=, records of =10=: 257 _sq._
=Appomattox River=, quarry shop sites on =15=: 72.
=Approbation=, sign for =1=: 286.
=Appropriation= and expenditures for 1886-1887 =8=: XXXVI.
=Appropriation for American Ethnology= =34=: 7; =36=: 9; =37=: 1;
=39=: 9; =40=: 1; =42=: 1: =43=: 1; =44=: 1; =47=: 1.
=Appropriation of Funds=, change in =16=: LXI.
=Appun, C. F.=, sculptured rock described by =10=: 147 _sq._
=Aprons=
bark =38=: § 547.
bead =38=: § 78, 549.
cloth, cotton =38=: § 548.
miscellaneous =38=: § 550.
use of =45=: 69 _sq._
worn by young girls =42=: 683.
=A´pŭkĭ.= _See_ =Red People=.
=Apúya.= _See_ =Snow Houses, _of Eskimo_=.
=Aqa´thinĕ´na=, an Arapaho division 14: 957.
=Aqkiwäsi=, genealogy of =14=: 58.
=Aqua Baiz=, population of =26=: 21.
=Aquaquiri.= _See_ =Guaquili=.
=Aquarian Devices=, Seri =17=: 182*-186*.
=Aquatasi, Aquatubi=, Awatobi synonyms =17=: 594.
=Aquatic Burial=
of the Alibamans, of suicides =1=: 180.
of the Cherokees =1=: 180.
of the Chinooks =1=: 180.
of the Gosh-Utes =1=: 181.
of the Hyperboreans =1=: 180.
of the Ichthyophagi =1=: 180.
of the Itzas =1=: 180.
of the Kavague =1=: 180.
of the Lotophagians =1=: 180.
of the Obongo =1=: 180.
=Aquatic Life= of Seriland =17=: 38 _sq._
=Aquico= identified with Hawikuh =13=: 326.
=Aquilegia Canadensis=
human transportation of =32=: 59.
mention of =32=: 82.
=Aquilegia Formosa=, mention of =45=: 475, 507.
=Aquilegia Truncata=, mention of =45=: 516.
=ᴬquiu=, name for Cicuye =14=: 523.
=Arab=
symbols of the =4=: 222.
tattooing among the =10=: 414.
=Arabia Drummondii= =45=: 464.
=Araceae= =32=: 69.
=Arache=, province of Great Plains =14=: 529, 588.
=Arachnid= figures on Pueblo pottery =22, i=: 81 _sqq._
=Arae=, Indian village on Great Plains =14=: 577.
=Arahei=, province of, on Great Plains =14=: 588.
=Arai-Dai.= _See_ =Dia-Dia=.
=Araiza, Victor=, attack on Seri by =17=: 88.
=Araliaceae= =33=: 106.
=Aralia Nudicaulis=
medicinal constituents of =44=: 303.
medicinal properties of =44=: 300.
mention of =45=: 471, 489.
use of =44=: 286, 340, 350, 356, 358, 366, 376.
=Aralia Racemosa=
medicinal constituents of =44=: 303.
medicinal properties of =44=: 300.
use of =44=: 287, 334, 340, 350, 358, 362, 366.
=Aranca Nos. 1 and 2=, Pima villages =26=: 21.
=Arapaho=
Algonkians =4=: 108, 109.
at Medicine Lodge treaty =17=: 321.
Bent’s recommendation concerning =17=: 183.
called Blue Cloud =4=: 176.
ceremonial smoking by the =14=: 918.
character of =17=: 234.
collections from the =13=: XXXIII.
Comanche killing of =17=: 272.
cycles of the =14=: 701.
dance with Kiowa by =17=: 379.
delegation of, to Wovoka =14=: 900.
early knowledge of Messiah by =14=: 797.
early recollection of Kiowa by =17=: 155.
etymology of =14=: 1013.
features of Ghost-dance among the =14=: 653, 786, 807, 817, 820,
895, 926, 927.
first acquaintance of Kiowa with =17=: 153.
Flathead name for =45=: 302.
formation of war party =4=: 139.
friendliness of, in 1872 =17=: 202.
friendly overtures from, in 1864 =17=: 179.
fulfilment of treaty obligations by =17=: 213.
games of the =24=:
archery 384.
buzz 751.
dice games 50-58.
hand game 268, 276.
hand-and-foot ball 705.
hoop and pole 420, 422, 430, 441 _sqq._, 445.
ring and pin 529 _sq._, 532.
shinny 617 _sqq._, 620.
snow-snake 400.
swing 730.
tops 733.
genesis legend of =19=: 229.
gesture signs of =10=: 643.
Ghost-dance among the =14=: XXXIX.
Ghost-dance doctrine spread by =14=: 902.
Ghost-dance studies =13=: XXXII.
glossary of the =14=: 1012.
habitat of the =7=: 48, 109.
hostilities with, in 1867 =17=: 183.
in peace council of 1872 =17=: 190.
Kiowa friendliness toward =17=: 168.
Kiowa killing of =17=: 274.
Kiowa peace with =17=: 172, 275.
knowledge of Messiah among =14=: 894.
land cessions and reservations =18=: 824, 838, 846, 848, 852,
856, 888, 940 _sqq._
measles among =17=: 342.
migration of =45=: 320.
mythology of the =24=: 619, 730.
name of, in sign language =45=: 148.
name of the Caddo =14=: 1092.
name of the Cheyenne =14=: 1023.
name of the Comanche =14=: 1043.
name of the Ghost-dance =14=: 791.
name of the Kiowa Apache =14=: 1081.
name of the Sioux =14=: 1057.
Omaha name of the =27=: 102.
Pawnee fight with =17=: 276.
planned uprising among =17=: 176.
police, acknowledgments to =14=: 655.
population of the =7=: 48; =14=: 957.
prisoners, transportation to Florida =17=: 213.
religion of the =14=: 775.
sacred medicine of =17=: 242.
sacred pipe of the =14=: 1063.
sketch of the =14=: 954.
smallpox among the =17=: 311.
songs of the =14=: 958.
status of, in 1859 =17=: 182.
study of the =15=: XXXIII, LXXII, LXXX.
symbolic representation of the =14=: 789.
treaties with =17=: 180, 183.
treaty agreement by, in 1865 =17=: 179.
tribal designation of =10=: 381.
tribal medicine of =19=: 503.
tribal signs for =1=: 460; =14=: 954.
tribal synonymy =14=: 953.
visit of Äpiatañ to =14=: 911.
visit of the, to Wovoka =14=: 774, 804, 901.
visit to the =14=: 778.
work among the =44=: 4.
=Arapaho Language=
consonantic clusters =28=: 284.
description of =28=: 234-239.
pronunciation of =28=: 226 _sq._
reference to =28=: 225.
relationship of =28=: 22, 229, 237, 280, 289, 290a.
study of =14=: XLI.
_See also_ =Atsina=; =Gros Ventres=; =Northern Arapaho=.
=Arapaho Bull=, instructions given by =37=: 415.
=Arapaho Notebooks= =36=: 28.
=Arapaho Peyote Ceremony= =37=: 415-419.
=Arapaho Tomahawk Dance= =25=: XIV.
=Äräpa´kata=, Crow name of the Arapaho =14=: 953, 1014.
=Araquaya= coiled pottery =4=: 276.
=Aravaipa Canyon=, mortar cavities in =26=: 99.
=Aravaipa Creek=, ruins on =29=: 16.
=Aravaipa Valley=, field work in =22, i=: XIII.
=Arawak Indians=
a stationary people =34=: 52.
anger, indications =30=: 300 _sq._
artifacts of =34=: 55.
as pottery makers =34=: 56, 77.
assigned to the Greater Antilles =34=: 55.
beliefs of the =30=: 118, 119, 120, 152, 161, 168 _sq._, 181, 187,
229, 236, 261.
binas of =30=: 284, 285, 286, 288.
birthmarks of =30=: 326.
burial customs of =30=: 155, 156, 158.
cassava among the =30=: 230.
courtship among =30=: 313.
couvade, traces of, among =30=: 322, 324.
culture of =25=: XII _sq._
diseases prevalent among =30=: 347 _sq._
dogs of =30=: 282 _sq._, 285.
exterminated by the Caribs =25=: 218.
food of the =30=: 230, 295, 297, 352.
in Porto Rico =25=: 90.
islands inhabited by the =34=: 51, 52.
language of =25=: 77, 216.
legends of the =30=: 120 _sqq._, 141 _sq._, 145 _sqq._, 150
_sqq._, 173, 175 _sq._, 184 _sq._, 188-191, 193, 194, 203
_sqq._, 209 _sq._, 212 _sq._, 215, 219-223, 228 _sqq._, 245
_sq._, 257, 261, 269, 284, 316 _sqq._, 381-384.
marriage customs of =30=: 315-319.
medicine men of the =30=: 329, 343 _sqq._
menstruating women among the =30=: 309.
mortuary customs of =25=: 72.
names of the =30=: 305 _sqq._, 345.
natal customs of =30=: 319, 320 _sqq._, 323, 324.
natives of Trinidad classed as 34: 64.
omens among the =30=: 271, 274, 276 _sq._
ordeals of the =30=: 279.
poisoning among the =30=: 343.
pottery of the =34=: 261.
prehistoric objects of =25=: 141.
probable representation of, in Florida pottery =20=: 115.
puberty beliefs and customs of the =30=: 309, 311, 312 _sq._
silk-cotton tree =30=: 329 _sq._
submerged by the Carib =34=: 52, 261, 267, 268.
talismans of the =30=: 299.
tobacco among the =25=: 54.
vengeance among the =30=: 356, 357 _sq._
war with Carib Indians =30=: 383 _sq._
words tabooed by =30=: 252, 307.
_See also_ =Antillean=; =Tainan=; and various Arawak tribal
names.
=Arawanili=, identification of 30: 120.
=Arbeca Micco=, mention of =42=: 576.
=Arbitrary Signs= =1=: 340.
=Arbor=, _See_ =Bed=.
=Arbor Vitae=
use of =44=: 293.
use of, in purifying rites =37=: 445.
_See also_ =Thuja Occidentalis=.
=Arbor Vitae, Giant=, use of =45=: 461, 496, 501.
=Arbuckle, _General_ ----=
on adoption of Cherokee constitution =19=: 135.
reward for capture of Tahchee offered by =19=: 141.
=Arca.= _See_ =Noah’s Ark=.
=Arch, John=, Bible translation by =19=: 110.
=Arch Spring=
near Zuñi, New Mexico, petroglyphs at =10=: 96.
pictographs at =4=: 28.
=Arche=, province near Quivira =14=: 503.
=Archeologic=
discovery made near Santa Clara =2=: 430.
field work =13=: XXVI.
research connected with sign language =1=: 368.
=Archeological=
areas and distribution of types =12=: 521-593.
areas, the Atlantic and the Pacific =12=: 723.
collections, character of =27=: 12.
districts of the mound area =12=: 521-524.
frauds, Whittlesey’s, cited =4=: 250.
sections, primary =12=: 521-524.
sites, catalogue of =27=: 10.
=Archeological Association of Philadelphia=, collaboration with
=17=: XLVI.
=Archeological Expedition=
to Arizona, 1895 =17=: 519-744.
to Arizona, memoir on =17=: LXIII-LXV, LXXII _sq._
=Archeological Explorations=
in Arizona =22, i=: 1-195.
permits for =27=: 11.
=Archeological Institute of America=
reference to =27=: 11.
work of =29=: 19.
=Archeological Map=
of Colorado and New Mexico =26=: XX.
of the United States =25=: X, XX. _sq._; =26=: XXVI _sq._
=Archeological Objects=
_Antillean_ =25=:
bearing on aboriginal culture 89 _sq._, 91.
classification of 91, 92.
distribution of 214.
material for 92.
variation in types 214.
_Mexican_ =25=:
conclusions 284.
from Campoalan and Xico.
classification 251.
general description 250 _sq._
stone idols at Altamira 278 _sqq._
Tampico stone idols 277 _sq._, 280.
_See also_ names of objects, e. g., Amulets, Celts, Carved Stones,
etc.
=Archeological Remains=, protection of =26=: XXVI _sq._
=Archeological Specimens=
donated by George Goshaw =46=: 98.
donated by Merle La Voy =46=: 102.
donated by Lomen Brothers =46=: 117.
donated by Thomas Berryman =46=: 99.
placed on deposit =46=: 115.
=Archeological Work of the Bureau of American Ethnology= =42=: 2
_sq._; =43=: 1-4.
=Archeology=
eastern, work in =15=: XXI, XXV, XXVIII, XXXIII, XXXVII, XLII,
XLVII, LI, LV, LIX, LXIII, LXVI.
in relation to ethnology =28=: 42.
limitations to the use of, in study of anthropology =1=: 73, 74.
of the Winnebago =37=: 76-103.
report on, of Lower Mimbres Valley =36=: 11.
summary of work in =15=: LXXIII.
supplementary to history =15=: 20.
western, work in =15=: XXI, XXV, XXVIII, XXXIII, XXXVII, XLIII,
XLVII, LII, LVI, LX, LXIII, LXVI.
work in =14=: XXXIV; =16=: XIX, XX, XXII, XXIII, XXVII, XXX, XXXV,
XXXVIII, XL, XLIII, XLVII, L, LVI, LXVI-LXIX; =17=: XLV-XLVIII.
=Archeology, American=
interest in =41=: 25 _sq._
researches in =41=: 3.
=Archeology of Alaska= =46=: 33, 84, 88, 101, 102, 149, 181.
Barrow =46=: 106, 206.
Bering Sea =46=: 168.
Bonasila =46=: 142, 144.
Burchell’s =46=: 46.
Kevalina =46=: 100, 204.
Kotzebue =46=: 100.
“mounds” near Barrow =46=: 319.
Point Hope =46=: 102, 205, 206.
St. Lawrence Island =46=: 210.
St. Michael Island =46=: 170.
Seward Peninsula =46=: 202.
Shishmaref =46=: 202.
Tanana =46=: 43.
Wainwright =46=: 106.
Wales =46=: 93, 197.
western Eskimo region =46=: 165, 167, 362, 363, 366.
workmanship =46=: 173.
Yukon =46=: 73, 81, 84, 129, 134, 135, 144.
=Archery=
games, general account of =24=: 383.
games, played by the =24=:
Apache 383, 385.
Arapaho 384.
Assiniboin 383, 391.
Cheyenne 384.
Chipewyan 385.
Crows 383, 391, 529.
Dakota 392, 393, 394.
Oglala 383, 391 _sq._
Teton 383, 392 _sq._
Eskimo 383, 386 _sqq._
Gros Ventres 383, 384, 529.
Haida 395.
Hopi 383, 390.
Iowa 394.
Keres 388.
Kiowa 388.
Makah 383, 395, 396.
Mandan 393.
Missouri 394.
Montagnais 383, 384 _sq._
Navaho 383, 385 _sq._
Omaha 383, 393, 394.
Oto 394.
Pawnee 383, 386, 389.
Pima 389.
Ponka 383, 394.
Potawatomi 383, 385.
Shuswap 383, 390.
Tarahumare 383, 389.
Tewa 383, 390, 395.
Thompson Indians 383, 390.
Topmagugim 388.
Washo 396.
Wichita 386.
Zuñi 383, 396-399.
implements of the Seri =17=: 198*-200*.
Indian =11=: 313.
Omaha skill in =3=: 291.
Seri =17=: 197*, 255* _sq._
=Archery Posture=
African =17=: 201*, 202*.
Seri =17=: 200* _sq._
von Bayer’s photograph of =17=: 106.
=Archi-magnus.= _See_ =Fire-maker=.
=Architectural=
nomenclature =8=: 220, 223.
terms of the Zuñi =13=: 356.
=Architecture=
adaptation to defense =8=: 226, 227.
adaptation to environment =8=: 225, 226, 227, 228.
affected by flora =33=: 57.
cliff dwellings =13=: 344.
comparison of constructional details of Tusayan and Cibola =8=:
100-203.
influence of, on pottery =20=: 86.
of ancient Verde pueblos =13=: 185.
of cliff ruins =16=: 153.
of Casa Grande =28=: 72 _sqq._, 154 _sq._
of Gila-Salt Compounds =28=: 150 _sqq._, 156.
of the Menomini =14=: 253.
of the mound builders =12=: 660-666.
Pima =26=: 25, 153-157.
Pueblo, character of =16=: 193.
Pueblo, development, of =16=: 193.
Pueblo, modifying influences on =19=: 640-644, 646 _sqq._
Pueblo type of, evolution of =22, i=: 193 _sqq._
Stone Age, of America and Europe compared =34=: 54.
Zuñi, evolution of =13=: 363.
_See also_ =Houses=.
=Archuleta, Juan Antonio=, reference to =29=: 168.
=Arcs Plats=, a synonym of Kutenai =14=: 731.
=Arctic Circle= =46=: 100.
=Arctic Coast=
archeology of the =46=: 32.
old sites of the =46=: 203.
=Arctic Eskimo=
crania of =46=: 257, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264.
facial angle of =46=: 266.
nose measurements of =46=: 268.
of the north =46=: 227, 256, 357.
=Arctic Highlanders=
mention of =23=: XII.
_See also_ =Ita Arivaca Valley=, _ancient population of_.
=Arctium Minus=
medicinal constituents of =44=: 303.
medicinal properties of =44=: 300.
mention of =33=: 135.
of recent introduction =33=: 59.
use of =44=: 289, 340, 377.
=Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi=
medicinal constituents of =44=: 303.
medicinal properties of =44=: 300.
mention of =45=: 458, 486, 493, 494, 495, 514.
use of =44=: 287, 307, 318, 336, 376, 377.
=Ardnainiq=, fabulous tribe in Eskimo tradition =6=: 640.
=Areitos=
character of =25=: 37, 38, 68 _sq._, 83, 84.
in marriage ceremonies =25=: 48, 65.
in mortuary ceremonies =25=: 65, 68 _sq._, 70, 83, 84.
musical accompaniment =25=: 210.
plazas =25=: 83 _sq._
_See also_ =Antillean=; =Dances=.
=Arekuna Indians=
comets among =30=: 359.
ordeals among the =30=: 278, 281.
vengeance among the =30=: 357.
=Arellano, Tristan de=
appointment of, as captain =14=: 477.
arrival of, at Cibola and Tiguex =14=: 492, 494, 510.
at Corazones =14=: 485.
command of, in Coronado’s army =14=: 391, 481, 572, 577, 581.
foundation of Corazones by =17=: 53.
lieutenant to Coronado =14=: 508.
=Arenal=, population of =26=: 21.
=Areneños=, field study of =22, i=: XI.
=Arequipa, Peru=, petroglyphs near =10=: 157 _sqq._
=Argentina=
acknowledgments to officials of =18=: XXIX.
character of pottery of =20=: 20.
field work in =21=: IX, XI, XVIII.
researches in =30=: 11-15.
=Argentine Republic=, petroglyphs in =10=: 157.
=Argillite=
defined =13=: 58.
distribution of =15=: 73.
implements of, discussed =15=: 89.
quarries, location of =15=: 78.
source of, for implements =15=: 140.
=Argyle, Duke of=, on gestures of Fuegans =1=: 293.
=Argyle Midden= =34=: 92.
=Arickara=
beliefs, reference to =11=: 403.
ceremonial of the =11=: 437.
mention of the =4=: 100, 101.
_See also_ =Arikara=.
=Aridity=, effect of, on practice of potter’s art =20=: 23.
=Arikara _or_ Ree Indians=
a branch of the Pawnee =4=: 105.
at war with the Dakotas and U. S. =4=: 111 _sq._
Chungke game among the =13=: 99.
conventional device of, for dead men =10=: 660.
corrupt form of Arikaree =4=: 100.
customs of the =24=: 58.
decorating and coloring of skins by =10=: 220.
early contact with Omaha =27=: 74, 75-78.
games of the 24:
dice games 97 _sq._
double ball 657.
hand game 276.
hoop and pole 461 _sq._
popgun 758.
shinny 624.
Ghost dance among the =14=: 817.
habitat of the =7=: 60; =17=: 158.
habits of the =17=: 158.
hunting and other pictographs of the =10=: 537, 538.
influence on Omaha =27=: 102, 112.
killed =4=: 209-214.
Kiowa horse trade with =17=: 251.
Kiowa intercourse with =17=: 156.
land cessions and reservations =18=: 786, 852, 900.
manufacture of pottery by =20=: 195.
mention of =3=: XXIII.
migration of =46=: 405.
mythology of the =24=: 624.
Omaha name for =27=: 102.
party to peace conference =27=: 74, 218, 376.
pictographs on wood by =10=: 214.
pictography =4=: 48, 50, 59, 186, 187, 240.
population of =7=: 62.
pottery of =46=: 413.
property marks of =4=: 182; 10: 441.
removal of, on account of smallpox =17=: 311.
sign of achievement by =10=: 436.
smallpox among =17=: 275.
source of Wa´waⁿ pipes =27=: 47.
symbol of =4=: 60, 213 _sq._, 231.
tribal designations of =10=: 381-385.
tribal sign for =1=: 461.
visited by Lahontan =15=: 190.
_See also_ =Arickara=.
=Arisaema Triphyllum= =33=: 69.
=Arison, William=
petroglyph copied by =4=: 225.
pictograph copied by =10=: 111.
=Arispa=
settlement of =14=: 515.
visit of Coronado to =14=: 585.
=Aristocracy= among Chitimacha =42=: 695.
=Aristolochia Serpentaria,= medicinal use of =42=: 667.
=Arivaypa Creek= in Arizona =14=: 387.