Livy, cited, 170, 174, 204, 205, 216, 217, 252, 261, 264, 26_The Religious Experience of the Roman People From the Earliest Times to the Age of Augustus

300, 316, 324, 405;

on Bacchanalia, 346-348

Lua, 165, 481, 482

Lucaria, 98

Lucetius, cult-title of Jupiter, 129

Lucilius, 156, 183

Lucretius, cited, 352, 359, 360, 376, 387, 394, 396, 403-406, 453;

his contempt for _superstitio_, 361, 367;

on Roman belief in Hades, 390;

his use of _religio_, 460

_Lucus_, meaning of, 146

_Ludi_, 44, 95, 122, 204: _see also_ Games

_magni_, vowed to Jupiter during Hannibalic war, 319, 333

_saeculares_, 34, 431, 480;

prayers used in, 198, 468;

ritual described, 438-447;

discovery of inscriptions, 439

_scenici_, 261, 263, 350

Lupercalia, 20, 34, 53, 65, 106, 118, 179, 194, 210, 393;

whipping to produce fertility, 54, 479;

Prof. Deubner's theory, 137, 478-480

Luperci, 34, 54, 106, 434, 479

Lupercus, 478

Lustrations: meaning of _lustrare_, 209-210;

lustration of the _ager paganus_, 80, 213;

of the _ager Romanus_, 78, 100;

of _ancilia_, 96, 217;

of the army, 96, 100, 215, 217;

of the _arx_ of Iguvium, 187, 199;

of cattle and sheep, 100;

of the city, 214, 317;

of the farm, 132, 212;

of horses, 96, 215;

of people, 31, 216;

of trumpets, 96, 215;

animistic conception of, 211;

ultimately adapted by Roman Church to its own ritual, 211, 218, 457

Luthard, on Roman religion, 288

Macrobius, cited, 28, 196, 206, 208, 219, 220, 484

_Macte esto_, meaning of the phrase, 182, 183, 197, 442

Magic: allied to taboo, 27, 47;

contagious and homoeopathic, 48;

and divination, 293, 309;

harmless, 59;

prayers and incantations, 185, 186, 198;

private, 57, 68;

in purificatory processes, 210;

and religion, 47-49, 56, 224, 253;

rigorously excluded from State ritual, 49, 57, 105, 107, 224;

sympathetic, 50, 55

Magna Mater of Pessinus, brought to Rome, 330, 344, 348

Maia, 165, 166;

connection with Volcanus, 151, 484

Maiestas, 151, 484

_Mana_, the positive aspect of taboo, 27, 30, 42, 48, 60

Manes, 39, 50, 75, 85, 92, 102, 106, 121, 208, 320, 341, 391, 392;

individualisation of, 386;

Di Manes, 341, 386

Mania, mother of the Lares, 61

Manilius, his poem on astrology, 396

Mannhardt, his theory of the Vegetation-spirit, 19-20, 478;

on laughing in ritual of the Lupercalia, 111-112

Marcellus, 315, 328

Marcius, Latin oracles supposed to be written by, 326

Marcius Rex, praetor, 339

Marcus Aurelius, 369, 429

Marett, Mr., on taboo, 42, 45;

on _sacrificium_, 192;

on divination, 310

Marquardt, on Roman religion, 13, 16;

on naming of children, 42

Marriage: a religious ceremony, 83, 177, 274, 279;

Tellus an object of worship at, 121;

among deities, 148-152, 166, 350, 481-485

Mars, 124, 129, 147, 204, 208, 215, 246, 319;

various forms of his name, 131;

as a married god, 150-152, 166;

invocations to, 186, 212;

connection with Bellona, 166;

with Nerio, 150-151, 166;

with Quirinus, 134, 150;

pater, 212;

Silvanus, 29, 132, 142;

cult of, 132-134;

festival, 96-97;

temple, 133

Martianus Capella, 308

Masson, Dr., 357, 395;

on Roman fear of future torments, 391

Mastarna, Etruscan name of Servius Tullus, 237, 246

Masurius Sabinus, 90

Matutinus, cult-title of Janus, 126

Meals, sacrificial, 172, 173, 193, 436;

epulum Iovis: _see under_ Jupiter

Megalesia, 330

Mens, 285

Mercurius (Hermes), 260, 262, 268, 484

Messor, 161

Mildew, spirit of the: _see_ Robigus

Minerva, one of the Etruscan trias, 94, 237;

name Italian, not Etruscan, 234, 245;

associated with trade gilds, 233, 234, 236;

Capta, 284;

temples, 172, 233, 234, 244

Minium, faces painted with, 82, 115, 336

Minucius Felix, 461

Mithras, religion of, 455, 456, 464

Moirae (Parcae), 442, 446

_Mola salsa_: _see_ Salt-cake

Moles, 150, 154, 158

Mommsen, cited, 200, 440;

and the religion of the Romans, 2;

on the _Fasti anni Romani_, 95, 96, 111;

on _Carmen saeculare_, 444

Mucius Scaevola: _see_ Scaevola

_Murus_, 94

Mysticism, 380-398, 404;

in the form of astrology, 396, 401;

not native to the Roman, 454

Neo-Pythagoreanism: _see_ Mysticism

Neptunalia, 474

Neptunus, 117;

identified with Poseidon, 118, 260;

connection with Salacia, 150, 483;

with Mercurius, 262

Nerio: connection with Mars, 150-151, 166;

meaning of Nerio Martis, 150, 154

Nettleship, Professor, on the phrase _macte esto_, 197;

on the character of Aeneas, 410, 427;

on _sanctus_, 470

Nigidius Figulus, 299, 384, 397

Nones, 39, 95, 251;

Nonae Caprotinae, 143

Numa Pompilius, priest-king: Livy's account of his _inauguratio_,

174-175;

legends, 108, 115, 170, 180, 233, 322;

Calendar described, 92-109;

spurious books found in stone coffin, 349, 381

Numbers, mystic, 98, 328, 334, 441, 449

_Numen_, 34, 111, 250, 264, 364, 365, 367, 407;

meaning of the word, 118;

von Domaszewski's definition of, 119;

evolution of _dei_ out of functional _numina_, 165;

_see also_ Spirits _and_ Deities

Oak-gods, 125, 129, 141, 143

Oaths: connection of Castor and Pollux with, 232;

of Hercules, 231;

of Jupiter, 130;

taken in open air, 141-142;

the religious, in public life, 358, 375;

used by women, 244;

taboo on, 343, 355

Oberator, 161

October horse, 20, 34, 65, 106;

sacrifice of, 45, 105, 179

Odd numbers, luck in, 98

_Ollae_, worship of, 489-490

Opalia, 101

Opiconsiva, 101

Ops, 156;

connection with Consus, 482;

with Saturnus, 482

Oracles, 339, 354;

_see also_ Delphic oracle

Orcus, 166;

the old name for the abode of the Manes, 391, 392;

sacrifice of captives to, 44

Orosius, 333

Orphic doctrine, 381;

tablets, 398

Oscilla, 61, 67;

Dr. Frazer's theory, 61;

_see also_ Puppets

Otto, W., on connection of _religio_ with practice of taboo, 46

Ovid, on Roman gods, 22;

his picture of the Sementivae, 79, 80;

rite of pagus, 82;

on the Lemuria, 107, 112, 394;

on Janus, 125;

on images of gods, 147;

on the Robigalia, 181, 196, 197, 434;

on meals at sacrifices, 193;

on the word _februum_, 210;

on annual ceremony by consuls, 219;

on the festival of Anna Perenna, 346, 473

Paganalia, 61, 62, 67, 102

Pagus: the _familia_ in relation to, 71;

meaning of the word, 87;

festival of the Lar, 78;

other festivals, 79;

the _religio terminorum_, 81-82;

lustrations of the, 213, 214

Pais, on Acca Larentia, 67;

on the Tarquinii and Mastarna, 245

Palatine: _Carmen saeculare_ sung on the, 443-447, 450;

temple of Apollo, 443-445

Pales, 122, 149

Panaetius: and the Scipionic circle, 363-364, 453;

his theology, 365;

and Platonic psychology, 382, 398

Pantheism, Stoic, 366-368

Papirius, the consul, 314, 315, 331

Parentalia, 40, 107, 387, 401, 418, 457;

compared with the Lemuria, 393-395

Parilia, 100, 120, 193, 222, 474

Pater and Mater, as applied to deities, 155-157

Patricians, 259, 304;

religious system a monopoly of, 229

Patulcius, cult-title of Janus, 126

Pax (deity), 446, 451

_Pax deorum_, 169, 224, 261, 264, 272, 276, 286, 302, 328, 329;

means towards maintenance of, 171, 180, 273, 300;

violation of, 320;

re-established by Augustus, 429, 431, 433

Pebble-rain, 316, 329, 332

Penates, 73, 74, 86, 92, 116, 193

Persephone, 255

Peter, R., on Indigitamenta, 160

Petronius, on ceremony of the aquaelicium, 64

Philodemus, 359, 375

Picus, 297

_Pietas_, 174, 227, 250, 254, 387, 405, 409-412, 466;

meaning of, 462-463;

Virgil's word for religion, 412

Piso, L. Calpurnius, 51-53, 484

_Pius_, 63, 462;

see _Pietas_

Plague, Sibylline books consulted at outbreak of, 261

Plato, 258, 381

Plautus, 151, 351-352

Playwrights, their influence on Roman religion, 240, 351, 353

Plebeians, 105, 170;

aediles, 255;

the Plebs as the original inhabitants of Latium, 242, 259, 268, 289;

emotional tendency of, 263-264;

opening of priesthoods to, 268, 271, 279;

increase of importance under the Etruscan dynasty, 275;

first plebeian praetor, 279;

pontifex maximus: _see_ Coruncanius, Titus

Pliny, 51, 256;

on spells and charms, 53, 57, 59, 60, 65, 66, 90, 186;

on human sacrifice, 320;

on death, 388, 400

Polybius, cited, 250, 253, 316, 363, 369, 390;

on religion, 336

_Pomoerium_, 94, 214, 225, 230, 231

Pomona (or Pomunus), 122, 149;

connection with Vertumnus, 485

Pompeianus, prefect of Rome, 309

Pomponius, 278, 289

Pons sublicius: no iron used in building, 35;

Argei thrown from, 54, 105, 321

Pontifex Maximus, 175, 271, 280, 341;

_tabula_ kept by, 283;

compelling power of, 342, 355

Pontifices, 120, 177, 200, 341;

share in festivals, 106, 139;

the question of their origin, 180, 195, 271;

insignia of, 193;

College of, 271;

open to plebeians, 268, 271, 279;

legal side of their work, 272-276;

the XII. Tables, 58, 276-278, 289;

self-elected, 276;

abolition of legal monopoly, 279;

work of, in third century B.C., 282;

admission of new deities, 284;

compilation of annals, 285;

collection of religious formulae, 287;

the Pontifical books, 76, 159, 182, 197, 283, 285-286

_Porca praecidanea_, rite of the, 121, 183, 191

Portunus, 118, 122

Poseidon, identified with Neptunus, 118

Posidonius, 250, 365, 367, 382-384, 398

Prayers, 76, 106, 126, 153, 215, 224, 225, 251;

at the _inauguratio_ of the priest-king Numa, 175;

at making of new clearing, 169, 182;

at sacrifices, 181-191;

at flowering of the pear-trees, 182;

when wine is offered, 182;

for the ceremony of lustration, 183;

form and manner of Roman, 185, 189, 196;

magical survivals in, 188-189;

in ritual of _Ludi saeculares_, 442, 449, 468

_Precatio_, 53, 166

Priests: _see_ Pontifices

Processions: of _lustratio_, adapted to the ritual of the Roman

Church, 211, 218, 457;

of the _triumphus_, 217, 239-240;

Roman fondness for, 263;

_see also_ Lustrations

_Procuratio_, 316, 328;

_fulminis_, 115

_Prodigia_, 281, 316, 324, 325, 328, 338, 339, 354

Promitor, 161

Propertius, 22, 147, 403

Proserpina, black victims sacrificed to, 440

Pudor, 446

_Pulvinaria_, 337, 338

Punic War: _see_ Hannibalic War

Puppets: Argei thrown into Tiber, 54, 105, 321;

oscilla, 61, 67

Purification: _see_ Lustrations

_Puticuli_, 395, 401

Pythagoras, legend of a religious connection between Numa and, 349, 381

Pythagoreanism, 349, 380-381

Pythagoreans, 98

Quindecemviri, 440, 442

Quinquatrus, 217

Quirinal, 134

Quirinus, 94, 118, 124, 143, 147, 246;

identified with Mars, 134;

with Romulus, 135

Quirites, 134, 143

Rain-making: _see_ Aquaelicium

Ramsay, Sir W. M., 465

Red colouring in sacred rites and its connection with blood, 89, 177,

194

Redarator, 161

Regia, 45, 105, 106, 271, 288;

sacrarium Martis in, 133, 208

Regifugium, 99

Reinach, M. Salomon, cited, 26, 42, 114, 131, 481

_Religio_, 9, 28, 30, 36, 38, 72, 76, 83, 85, 93, 104, 106, 174, 223,

227, 241, 248, 261, 263, 267, 270, 273, 282, 287, 294, 364, 405, 407;

meanings and uses of the word, 21, 37, 41, 186, 192, 198, 249, 254,

385, 462, 470;

Cicero's definition of, 460;

and taboo, 34, 36, 40, 46;

revival of, during Hannibalic war, 315, 317, 336-339

_Religio Larium_, 79

_terminorum_, 81, 82

Religion, definitions of, 7-9;

and magic, 47-49, 56, 224, 253;

and morality, 227, 242, 292, 466, 471;

primitive, 25-28, 63, 69;

real, a matter of feeling, 406

Roman: a highly formalised system, 3, 63, 103-104, 200, 226, 248-249,

340;

compared with Roman law, 5;

a technical subject, 6;

its difficulties, 13;

aid from archaeology and anthropology, 16-20, 25;

primitive survivals in, 24, 30;

examples of real magic in, 50, 53-54;

a reality, 62-63, 103, 249;

in the family, _see_ Family;

of the State, 93, 105, 226-228, 270;

the Calendar of Numa the basis of our knowledge of, 94-109;

moral influence mainly disciplinary, 108, 228;

Greek influence, 120, 255-262, 346, 350-353;

Roman ideas of divinity, 115-117, 122-123, 145-164;

ritual of the _ius divinum_, 169-222;

personal purity essential in all worshippers, 178;

discouraged individual development, 226;

introduction of new deities, 96, 229-242, 255-262;

priesthoods limited to patrician families, 229;

religious instinct of the Romans, 249;

neglect and decay, 263-265, 287, 314, 429;

growth of individualism, 240, 266, 287, 340, 358, 411, 456;

Sibylline influence, 242, 255-262;

secularisation of, 270-291;

sinister influence of Etruscan divination, 307-309, 346;

_see_ Divination;

used for political purposes, 336;

attempt to propagate Pythagoreanism, 349-350, 381;

destitution of Romans in regard to idea of God and sense of duty,

357-358;

no remedy in Epicurism, 361;

arrival of Stoicism: _see_ Stoicism _and_ Mysticism;

belief in future torments, 390;

religion compared with that of Homer, 392;

early Christianity, 396;

religious feeling in Virgil's poems, 403-427;

Augustan revival, 428-451;

contributions to the Latin form of Christianity, 452-472;

_see also_ Prayer _and_ Sacrifice

Renan, cited, 185

Renel, M., cited, 26

Reville, M. Jean, on the formalism of the Roman religion, 3;

his definition of religion, 8

Rex Nemoreusis, 235

sacrorum, 128, 174, 175, 180, 193, 207, 229, 271, 273, 341, 434;

relation of the Rex to the augurs, 301-302

Ridgeway, Professor, on the Flamen Dialis, 112;

on Janus, 140;

on original inhabitants of Latium, 242, 393

Rivers, Dr., on the ritual aspect of religion among the Todas, 489-490

Robertson Smith, Professor, 19, 26, 27, 172, 221;

on the Feast of the Tabernacles, 476

Robigalia, 139, 196

Robigus, 100, 117, 122, 146, 179, 434;

Ovid's version of prayer to, 197

Roman Church, survival of old religious practices in the, 25, 211, 218,

456-458, 469

Romulus, 51, 130, 135

Roscher, Dr., 141

_Sacellum_, meaning of, 146

_Sacer_ and _sacramentum_, 36, 277, 464

Sacred utensils, worship of, 436, 489-490

Sacrifices, 29, 90, 224, 225;

description of the act, 179-181;

honorific, 172, 173;

piacular, 35, 172, 173, 182, 189, 191, 208, 273, 436;

sacramental, 141, 172;

vicarious, 208;

dynamic theory of, 177, 184, 190, 194;

meals in connection with, 172, 173, 193, 436;

mystic use of blood, 34, 82;

victim must be acceptable to the deity, 179;

women and strangers excluded from rites, 29-31;

prayers at, 181-191;

sacrifice of cakes, 82, 83, 180, 183, 184;

cow, 100, 120, 436;

dog, 181, 197, 216, 434;

goat, 54, 106, 179, 479;

horse, 34, 97, 105, 179;

lamb, 37, 82, 436;

ox, 132, 179, 212, 215, 444;

pig, 82, 132, 170, 179, 212, 215, 436;

red dog, 179, 310;

salt-cake, 73, 207;

sheep, 132, 179, 181, 212, 215, 434;

sow, 121, 183;

white heifer, 172, 177, 239;

wine, 82, 180, 182-184, 196;

_see also_ Human sacrifice

_Sacrificium_, meaning of, 171, 464

_Sacrum_, 171, 254

_Saeculum_, the old Italian idea of a, 440

St. Augustine, cited, 58, 76, 120, 149, 159, 163, 297, 430, 458;

on Decius, 220

Sainte Beuve, on Virgil, 404

St. Paul, 455, 466-468

Salacia, 165;

connection with Neptunus, 483

Salii, 40, 96, 110, 132, 133, 143, 176, 182, 217, 229, 434;

ritual, 97

Collini, 134

Palatini, 134

Sallust, 405

Salt-cake, 73, 207

Salus, 154, 285

_Sanctus_, meaning of, 463-464, 470

Sarritor, 161

Saturnalia, 81, 99, 101-103, 107, 112

Saturnus, 101, 111, 118, 318;

identified with Kronos, 118;

connection with Consus, 482;

with Ops, 482

Sayce, Professor, 155

Scaevola, P. Mucius, 283

Q. Mucius, 73, 86, 338, 353, 371

Scipio, the elder, 240, 247, 267, 340, 354;

receives the Magna Mater at Rome, 330

Aemilianus, 198, 203-204, 340;

his friendship with Polybius and Panaetius, 362-364, 369, 371

Scott, Sir Walter, compared with Virgil, 408

Sellar, Professor, on Virgil, 404, 406

Sementivae, festival, 79, 89

_Senatusconsultum de Bacchanalibus_, 347, 348, 356

Seneca, 369, 378, 438, 455

Septimontium, 110

Servius, cited, 58, 62, 119, 120, 134, 138, 142, 143, 146, 183, 184,

194, 210

Sulpicius, 371, 387

Tullius, 235;

his Etruscan name Mastarna, 237

Sibyl of Cumae, 257-258

Sibylline books, 173, 242, 255-257, 261, 323;

consulted during the Hannibalic war, 316-319, 329;

used for personal and political purposes, 339

Silvanus, 76, 81, 89, 132, 142

Slaves, 53, 78, 395, 401, 474;

Greek, buried alive in the _Forum boarium_, 112, 320

Sodales Titienses, 434

Sol, image of, on the Palatine, 445, 447, 450

Sondergoetter, Usener's theory of, 161-164, 168

Spells, 48, 53, 57-59, 208, 221;

origin of prayer in, 185, 189

Spes, 285

Spirits, 34, 58;

agricultural, 161, 251, 285;

dead, _see_ Ghosts;

of the doorway, 75-76, 92, 127;

evil, _see_ Evil spirits;

household, 11, 68, 73, 74, 77, 83, 84, 86, 92, 104, 193;

spring, 92;

water, 285;

woodland, 76, 81, 83, 92, 132;

development into _dei_, 116, 117, 119, 120, 123-124, 161, 165;

_see also_ Deities _and_ Numen

Spolia opima, 138, 141, 288;

dedicated at temple of Jupiter Feretrius, 130, 433

Stanley, on religion and morality, 292

Statues and busts at Rome, first mention of, 340, 354;

_see also_ Images

Stoicism, 359, 377, 381-383;

introduced into Rome, 362;

its influence on the Roman mind, 370-372, 404, 453;

weak points in Roman, 372-374;

failed to rouse an "enthusiasm of humanity," 375, 454

Stones: lapis manalis, 50;

silex, 130;

stone representing Magna Mater, 330;

_see also_ Boundary stones

Strangers, fear of, 30-32

Stubbs, Bishop, 103

Subrincator, 161

Subterranean altar, black victims offered at, 440, 445

_Suffimenta_, 441, 442, 449

Sulpicius, consul 211 B.C., 337

Summanus, cult-title of Jupiter, 129

_Suovetaurilia_, 132, 212, 215

_Superstitio_, 106, 355, 361, 405;

temple of Isis condemned as a centre of, 433

_Supplicatio_, 262, 265, 269, 337;

ordered during Hannibalic war, 317, 319, 323, 325, 329

Tabernacles, Feast of the, 475, 476

Taboo, 25, 83, 223;

definition of, 27;

its ethical value, 28;

on children, 28;

on women, 29;

on strangers, 30-32;

on criminals, 32;

on inanimate objects, 32;

on places, 36;

on times and seasons, 38-41;

on iron, 35, 44, 214;

on leather, 36;

on the Flamen Dialis, 33-35, 44, 45, 108, 109, 327, 342, 343;

on the Flaminica Dialis, 35

Tacitus, 398

Tarentum, sacrifices on subterranean altar, 440, 445

Tarquinii, the, 146, 237, 245

Tellus (Terra Mater), 100, 120, 122, 136, 138, 139, 156, 158, 161,

162, 320, 435, 442, 446;

an object of worship at marriage, 121;

connection with Jupiter, 121;

temple, 285

Tempestates, 285

Temples: absence of, in earliest Rome, 146;

restored by Augustus, 343; Aesculapius, 260;

Apollo, on the Palatine, 443-445;

Bona Dea on the Aventine, 484;

Castor, 231, 244;

Ceres, Liber, and Libera, 255-257, 269, 344;

Consus, 285;

Dea Dia, 161;

Diana, on the Aventine, 95, 147, 234, 237, 244;

Isis, 433;

Janus, 126;

Juno Moneta, 135, 328-329;

Juno Sospita, 354;

Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva, 146, 172, 237-238, 246, 254, 443;

Jupiter Feretrius, on the Capitol, 95, 115, 129-130, 146, 147, 203,

245, 266, 433;

Jupiter Latiaris, on the Alban Hill, 237, 238, 245;

Mars, 133;

Minerva, on the Aventine, 233, 234, 244;

Pales, 285;

Tellus, 285;

Vertumnus, 285;

Vesta, _see_ Vesta: aedes

Terminalia, 34, 193, 196

Terminus, 82, 117, 239

Terra Mater, _see_ Tellus

Tertullian, cited, 159, 163, 459, 461, 465

Theodosian code, 430

Tiberius, 429, 438, 447

Tibicines, 180, 195, 233, 445

Tibullus, cited, 22, 80, 147, 178, 403;

on use of huts at rural festivals, 474

Time, religious or mystical conception of, 440-441, 449

_Toga praetexta_, worn by priests and children, 29, 42, 50, 61, 74, 84,

175-177, 194-195, 436

_virilis_, 42

Tombstones, memorial, first mention of, 341

Totemism, 25-27

Toutain, M., 26

Tozer, Mr., on Dante, 419

Trade: deities brought to Rome by, 230;

connection of Hercules with, 231;

gilds, 233

Trasimene, outbreak of _religio_ after the battle of, 318

Treaties, Jupiter's connection with, 130

_Tripodatio_, 187, 198

Tubilustrium, 96, 217

Turiae, Laudatio, cited, 389

Turnus, 483

Tylor, Dr., 26, 49, 74, 293

Usener, H., 19, 138, 160;

his theory of the Sondergoetter, 161-164, 168

Vacuna of Reate, 284, 290

Valerius Antias, 52, 115, 137

Flaccus, C., 342-343, 355

Maximus, 203-204, 299, 378

Varro, cited, 16, 59, 76, 79, 81, 89, 103, 120, 125, 142, 143, 149, 156,

159, 168, 210, 222, 235, 251, 321

_Vates_, meaning of, 297-298

Vedic ritual, 185

Vegetation-spirit, Mannhardt's theory, 19, 20, 478

Venilia, 483

Venus, connection with Volcanus, 166

_Ver sacrum_, 196, 204-205, 318

_Verbenarius_, 31, 43

Verrius Flaccus, 16, 30

Vertumnus, 147, 291;

connection with Pomona, 485;

temple, 285

Vervactor, 161

Vesta, 73, 74, 76, 92, 116, 126, 136, 137, 140, 147, 481;

aedes, 39, 40, 126, 136, 146, 477;

penus Vestae, 36, 73, 101, 136, 442

Vestal virgins, 53, 113, 120, 139, 175, 177, 194, 320;

at the ceremony of the Argei, 54, 55, 106, 321;

salt-cake baked by, 73;

representative of daughters of the family, 136;

statues of, 144

_Vicus_, 71

Vilicus, 78

Vinalia, 100

Virgil, on _religio_, 37;

on the Paganalia, 62, 67;

on _lustratio_, 80, 213, 221;

on the Manes, 386, 399;

religious feeling in his poems, 403-427, 455;

compared with Wordsworth, 407-408; with Scott, 408;

his idea of _pietas_, 409;

his connection with Augustus, 428;

Livy, cited, 170, 174, 204, 205, 216, 217, 252, 261, 264, 269, 280,