of the fetiales, used when they announced the Roman demands at an
enemy's frontier (Livy i. 32): "Audi Iuppiter, inquit, audite Fines
(cuiuscunque gentis sunt nominat), _audiat Fas_." Whence did Livy get
this formula? We have no record of a book of the fetiales; if this came
from those of the pontifices, as is probable, the formula need not be of
ancient date, and the personification of Fines also suggests a doubt as
to the genuineness of the whole formula.
APPENDIX V
THE WORSHIP OF SACRED UTENSILS (page 436)
There can be no doubt that some kind of worship was paid by the Arval
Brethren to certain _ollae_, or primitive vessels of sun-baked clay used
in their most ancient rites. This is attested by two inscriptions of
different ages which are printed on pp. 26 and 27 of Henzen's _Acta
Fratrum Arvalium_. After leaving their grove and entering the temple "in
mensa _sacrum fecerunt ollis_"; and shortly afterwards, "in aedem
intraverunt et _ollas precati sunt_." Then, to our astonishment, we read
that the door of the temple was opened, and the _ollae_ thrown down the
slope in front of it. This last act seems inexplicable; but the worship
finds a singular parallel in the dairy ritual of the Todas of the
Nilghiri hills.
Dr. Rivers, in his work on the Todas (Macmillan, 1906, p. 453), in
summing up his impressions of their worship, observes that "the attitude
of worship which is undoubtedly present in the Toda mind is becoming
transferred from the gods themselves to the material objects used in the
service of the gods." "The religious attitude of worship is being
transferred from the gods themselves _to the objects round which centres
the ritual of the dairy_." These objects are mainly the bells of the
buffaloes and the dairy vessels; and an explicit account of them, the
reverence in which they are held, and the prayers in which they are
mentioned, will be found in the fifth, sixth, and eighth chapters of Dr.
Rivers' work, which, as an account of what seems to be a religion
atrophied by over-development of ritual, is in many ways of great
interest to the student of Roman religious experience. The following
sentence will appeal to the readers of these Lectures:--
"The Todas seem to show us how the over-development of the ritual aspect
of religion may lead to atrophy of those ideas and beliefs through which
the religion has been built up; and then how, in its turn, the ritual
may suffer, and acts which are performed mechanically, with no living
ideas behind them, may come to be performed carelessly and incompletely,
while religious observances which involve trouble and discomfort may be
evaded or completely neglected."
Whether the worship of the _ollae_ was a part of the original ritual of
the Brethren, or grew up after its revival by Augustus, it is impossible
to determine. But if we can allow the dairy ritual of the Todas to
help us in the matter, we may conclude that in any case it was not
really primitive, and that it was a result of that process of
over-ritualisation to which must also be ascribed the _piacula_ caused
by the growth of a fig-tree on the roof of the temple, and the three
Sondergoetter Adolenda Commolenda Deferunda. (See above p. 161 foll.,
and Henzen, _Acta Fratr. Arv._ p. 147.)
INDEX
Acca Larentia, 67
Acolytes, 177
Adolenda, 162
Addenda Commolenda Deferunda, 162, 490
Aedes Vestae: _see_ Vesta
Aediles, plebeian, 255
Aemilius Paulus, 340, 362, 433
_Aeneid_, the, 119, 206, 230, 250, 251;
as a means of understanding the spirit of the Roman religion, 254;
a poem of religion and morals, 409-425
Aesculapius, 260
_Ager paganus_: lustration, 80, 213
_Romanus_: lustration, 78, 100
Agriculture, the economic basis of Roman life, 99;
festivals, _see_ Festivals
Agrippa, 442, 443
Alba Longa, 109, 128
Alban Mount: Latin festival, 172;
temple of Jupiter Latiaris, 237, 238, 245
Alexander, Archibald, on faith, 472
Ambarvalia, procession of the, 214, 218, 442
Amburbium, 214, 218, 332
Amulets, 42, 59, 60, 74, 84
Ancilia, 97;
lustration, 96, 217;
moving, 36
Angerona, 117
Animism, 65, 122, 148, 164, 287
Anna Perenna: festival, 65, 105, 346;
Ovid's account of, 473
Antoninus Pius, 429
Apollo, 257, 449;
cult of, 268;
associated with Diana, 443, 446;
with Latona, 262;
the Pythian, 323;
temple, 443-445;
institution of Apolline games, 326
Appius Claudius, 300
Aquaelicium, ceremony of the, 50, 52
_Ara_, meaning of, 146
Ara Maxima in the Forum Boarium 29, 230
Ara Pacis of Augustus, 177, 437, 448
Argei: festival, 36, 65;
puppets thrown into the Tiber, 54, 105, 321, 322;
chapels called, 321, 322
Armilustrium, 97
Army: lustration of, 96, 100, 215, 217
Arnobius, 51, 52, 459, 461, 465
Artemis, 235, 443
Arval Brethren: _see_ Fratres Arvales
Asclepios, 260
Astrology, 396-398, 401
Ateius Capito, 441
Athene Polias, 234
Attalus, king of Pergamus, 330
Atticus, Cicero's letters to, 385
Attus Navius, soothsayer, 297
_Augurium canarium_, 310
Augurs, 174-176, 193, 271, 276;
and the art of divination, 292-309;
in relation to the Rex, 301;
art strictly secret, 301;
compared with pontifices, 303
lore preserved in books, 303;
political importance, 305
Augustus, 35, 133, 213, 344;
revival of religion, 428-447;
his connection with Virgil, 428;
pontifex maximus, 433;
restoration of temples, 433-434;
revival of ancient ritual, 434-436;
restorer of the _pax deorum_, 438
Aurelius, Marcus, 456
_Auspicia_, 175, 214;
in life of family, 299;
in State operations, 300;
indissolubly connected with _imperuim_, 301
Aust, on religion of the family, 68;
on Roman deities, 157;
on prayer, 198;
on reaction against the _ius divinum_, 349
Aventine: plebeian quarter, 255;
temples, 95, 147, 233, 234, 237, 244, 484
Axtell, Harold L., on Fortuna, 245
Bacchic rites, introduction of, 344-348
Bailey, Cyril, cited, 400
Beans, used to get rid of ghosts, 85, 107;
taboo on eating, 91, 98
Bellona, connection with Mars, 166
Bibulus, 305
Binder, Dr., on the plebs, 23, 86, 242, 289, 393
Birds, used in augury, 293, 296, 299, 302
Birth, spirits invoked at, 83, 84, 164
Blood: taboo on, 33;
mystic use of, 33, 34, 82;
not prominent in Roman ritual, 180-181;
consecration through, 194;
wine as substitute for, 196
Boissier, G., 391;
on the _Aeneid_, 414, 427
Bona Dea, 484
Bouche-Leclercq, M., on divination, 310
Boundary festivals: _see_ Terminalia
Boundary stones, 81-82, 212;
sprinkled with blood of victims, 34, 82, 196
_Bulla_ worn by children, 60, 74
Burial places _loca religiosa_, 37, 385
Bussell, F. W., cited, 366, 367
Caesar, Julius: belief in spells, 59;
calendar, 95;
pontifex maximus, 305;
and the priesthood, 343
Caesar-worship, 437, 438, 456
Caird, Professor, 357;
on Reason in man, 368, 373
Cakes: honey, 82;
sacred, 83, 130, 141, 180, 183, 184, 274, 449;
_see also_ Salt-cake
Calendar, the ancient religious, 12, 14, 34, 38, 55, 65, 217, 225;
described, 94-109;
in relation to agricultural life, 100-102, 282, 295;
festivals necessarily fixed, 102;
a matter of routine, 103;
its psychological result, 104-105;
a document of religious law, 106;
exclusion of the barbarous and grotesque, 107;
attributed to Numa Pompilius, 108
Julian, 95
Calpurnius Piso, L.: _see_ Piso
_Camilli_ and _camillae_, 177, 195
Campus Martius, 34, 447;
lustrum of censors, 203, 210, 215, 219
Cannae, religious panic after the battle of, 319
Cantorelli, on the _annales maximi_, 290
Capitolium, 238, 239, 246, 339;
_Carmen saeculare_ sung, 444-445;
temples, 95, 115, 146, 203, 239, 242, 245, 254, 266, 433, 443, 447
Caprotinae, Nonae, 143
Cardea, 76;
connection with Janus, 485
Caristia, 418, 457
_Carmen_, meaning of, 186;
used at siege of Carthage, 206, 219
_Arvale_, 78, 132, 186, 187, 436
used by _Attiedii_, 187
_saeculare_, 431, 432, 439, 443-447, 450, 451
_Saliare_, 186
Carmenta, 36, 122, 297
Carmentalia, 98
Carna, 117
Carter, J. B., on cult-titles, 153;
on the Latins, 229-230;
on Castor-cult, 232, 244;
on Diana, 236;
on Fortuna, 245;
on Hercules, 231;
on Janus, 141;
on Juno, 144;
on the Manes, 386;
on Mars, 133;
on Poseidon-Neptune, 260
Cassius Hemina, 349, 356
Castor and Pollux, 231, 244;
temple, 231, 244
Cato, the Censor, 121, 132, 182-184, 251, 296, 298, 340
Catullus, on death, 387
Censors, lustrum of the, 203, 210, 215, 219
Census, 215, 218
Cerealia, 100, 121, 269
Ceres, 100, 121, 139, 161, 162, 260, 435, 446;
temple, 255, 269
Cerfius, or Cerus, 158
Chaldeans, 296;
expelled from Rome, 397, 402
Charms, 59-62;
_see also_ Amulets
Chickens, sacred, as omens, 314, 315
Children: purificatory rites, 28;
naming of, 28-29, 42;
amulets and _bulla_ worn by, 42, 60, 74, 84;
dedication of, 204-205
Christianity, early: contributions from the Roman religion, 452-467;
the Greek and Latin fathers compared, 458-459;
its relation to morality, 471
Cicero, 58, 178, 296, 309;
on religiousness of the Romans, 249-250;
on Titus Coruncanius, 281-282;
on divination, 299, 312;
on interest of the gods in human affairs, 360;
on Stoicism, 365-368, 377;
on relation of man to God, 370;
affected by revival of Pythagoreanism, 381, 383, 389;
turns to mysticism, 384, 388;
his letters to Atticus, 385;
his Somnium Scipionis, 383, 386, 412;
belief in a future life, 389;
definition of _religio_, 460
Claudius, Emperor, 309, 438
Claudius Pulcher, P., 315
Quadrigarius, 39
Cleanthes, hymn of, 368, 377
Clusius (or Clusivius), cult-title of Janus, 126
Coinquenda, 162
Colonia, religious rites at founding of, 170
Compitalia, 61, 78, 81, 88, 102
Concordia, 285
Conditor, 161
_Confarreatio_, marriage by, 83, 130, 274
_Coniuratio_, 347, 348, 356
_Consolatio_, 388
Constantius, 430
Consualia, 101, 139
Consuls, annual ceremony at the Capitoline temple, 203, 219, 239-240
Consus, 285;
connection with Ops, 482
Convector, 161
Conway, Professor, on Quirinus and Quirites, 143
Cook, A. B., on Jupiter, 128, 141;
on Janus, 140;
on Quirinus and Quirites, 143
Corn deities, Greek, 255, 259
_Corpus Inscriptionum_, 13, 201
Coruncanius, Titus, 271, 279, 281, 290
Coulanges, Fustel de, on the Lar, 77
Crawley, Mr., on the fatherhood of gods, 157;
on religion and morality, 227, 242
Cremation, 382, 395, 398, 401
Crooke, Mr., on luck in odd numbers, 98
Cult-titles, invention of, 153
Cumont, Professor, on the religion of the Romans, 2;
on Jupiter, 246
Cunina, 159
Cuq, on civil and religious law, 486
_Cura et caerimonia_, Cicero's expression, 81, 104, 106, 108, 145,
162, 170, 270, 282, 343, 434, 460
Curia, 138
Curiatius, 126
Cynics, the, 372
Days, lucky and unlucky, 38-41;
_see also_ Dies
De Marchi, on votive offerings, 201, 202
Dea Dia, 146;
description of rites, 435-436;
veneration for utensils used, 436;
temple, 161, 436
Dead: disposal of the, 45, 84, 121, 395, 401;
cult, 91, 102, 457, 470;
festivals, 40, 112, 418;
contrast between Lemuria and Parentalia, 107, 393-395
Decemviri, 259, 317, 318, 326
Decius Mus, self-sacrifice of, 206-207, 220, 286, 320
Deities, Roman: _see also_ Numen _and_ Spirits;
sources of our knowledge of, 114-115;
mental conception of the Romans regarding, 115-117, 122-123,
139-140, 145, 147, 157, 224-225;
_di indigetes_, 117, 139, 149, 180, 214;
functional spirits with will-power, 119;
the four great gods, 124-134;
epithets of Pater and Mater applied to, 137, 155-157;
the question of marriage, 148-152, 166, 350, 481-485;
fluctuation between male and female, 148-149;
nomenclature, 118, 149-156, 163;
compared with Greek gods, 158;
presence of, at meals, 172-173, 193;
introduction of new, 96, 229-242, 255-262;
women's, _see_ Women
Delphic oracle consulted during Hannibalic war, 323-324, 326
Demeter, 255;
supersession of Ceres by, 100
Deubner, Professor, his theory of the Lupercalia, 138, 478-480
_Devotio_, 206-209, 219-221;
formula, 207-208, 220;
sacrificial nature, 207, 220
Di Manes: _see_ Manes
Di Penates: _see_ Penates
Diana: associated with Janus, 76, 125, 166;
connection with Artemis, 235, 443;
with Apollo, 443, 446;
with Hercules, 262;
functions, 234-236;
temples, 95, 147, 234, 237, 244
_Dies comitiales_, 103
_endotercisi_, 181
_fasti_, 98, 103, 181
_lustricus_, 28, 42, 90
_nefasti_, 38, 40, 98, 103, 181
_postriduani_, 39, 40
_religiosi_, 38-40, 105
Dieterich, on disposal of the dead, 401
Dill, Professor, on Roman worship, 200
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 130, 193, 215, 234, 250
Dionysus: identified with Liber, 255, 344;
ritual, in Greece, 344-345;
outbreak of Dionysiac orgies in Italy, 344
Dis, black victims sacrificed to, 440
Dius Fidius, connection with Jupiter, 130, 142
Divination, 56, 180;
a universal instinct of human nature, 292, 306;
connection with magic, 293, 310;
views on the origin of, 293;
formalised by State authorities, 295, 300;
private, 295;
quack diviners, 296-298;
_auspicia_ of family religion, 298-300;
public, 301;
duties of the Rex, 302;
lore preserved in books, 303;
divination by lightning, 51, 52, 304, 305, 307, 309;
no lasting value in sphere of religion, 306;
a clog on progress, 307;
sinister influence of Etruscan divination on Rome, 307
Dobschuetz, on Christianity, 455
Dogs: sacrifices: _see_ Sacrifices
Dolabella, Cornelius, 342
Doellinger, Dr., on the Flamen Dialis, 112;
on prayer, 468
Domaszewski, von, cited, 99, 110, 154, 167;
definition of _numen_, 119;
on the cult epithets of Janus, 140;
on Juno, 144;
on evolution of _dei_ out of functional _numina_, 165
Duhn, Professor von, cited, 31, 89
Dynamic theory of sacrifice, 177, 184, 190, 194
Earthquakes, expiation of, 339
Eilithyia, Greek deity of childbirth, 442, 446, 449
Ennius, cited, 65, 152, 183, 298, 322, 350, 351, 356
Epictetus, 369, 372
Epicurism, 352, 358, 360, 361, 375, 376, 381, 404, 453
Epicurus, 359
Epulum Iovis: _see_ Jupiter
Equirria, 96, 99, 217
Eschatology, Christian: preparation of the Roman mind for, 454
Esquiline, 87, 395
Etruscans, 17;
domination in Rome, 237, 239, 245, 258;
art of divination, 299, 304;
sinister influence on Rome, 307, 346, 347, 391
Evil spirits, 11, 29, 75, 76, 84, 93;
wolf's fat as a charm against, 90
_Evocatio_, 58, 206
_Excantatio_, 58, 482
_Extipicina_, Etruscan rite of, 180
Fabius Pictor, 161, 261, 318, 320, 323, 326
Falacer, 122
Family (_familia_): origin and meaning of, 70, 86;
religion in the, 68, 70, 73, 92, 116, 224, 226-228, 251, 270, 274,
298-300;
description of the house, 72-73, 87;
its holy places, 73;
spirits of the household: _see_ Spirits;
the Lar familiaris, 77;
position of slaves, 78;
_religio terminorum_, 82;
marriage, 83;
childbirth, 83;
burial of the dead, 73, 92;
maintenance of the _sacra_, 274-275
_Fanum_, meaning of, 146
_Far_, sacred cakes of, 45, 83, 130, 141, 180, 274
Farnell, Dr., cited, 19, 27, 160, 161, 205;
on the vow of the _ver sacrum_, 219;
on Dionysiac ritual, 345, 355
Farreus, connection with Jupiter, 130
_Fas_, early usage of, 487-488
Fasti: _see_ Calendar
Faunalia, 137
Faunus, 81, 89, 297, 479;
connection with Lupercalia, 117
_Februum_, meaning of, 210, 222
Feretrius, cult-title of Jupiter: _see_ Jupiter
Feriae Iovis, 129
Latinae, 40, 61, 172
Feronia, 284, 318
Ferrero, on the _Carmen saeculare_, 431, 450;
on the _ludi saeculares_, 440
Fertility, customs to produce, 100, 106, 143, 210, 222, 479
Festivals, 78-81, 97, 105;
agricultural, 34, 82, 98, 100, 120;
harvest, 98, 101, 121;
vintage, 100, 129;
of the dead: _see_ Dead;
Latin festival on Alban mount, 172;
in calendar, necessarily fixed, 95, 99, 102;
women's: _see_ Women
Festus, 33, 61, 141, 217
Fetiales, 31, 130, 143, 157, 251, 434, 488
Fides, 154, 446, 450;
connection with Jupiter, 167
Fig-tree: sprouting of, on roof of temple, 162;
_piacula_ offered to various deities, 436, 490
Flamen Cerealis, 161, 163
Dialis, 32, 112, 124, 129, 193, 239, 246, 327, 342, 479;
insignia, 177;
taboos on, 33-35, 44, 45, 108, 109, 327, 342, 343
Martialis, 124, 131, 142, 341
Quirinalis, 124, 131, 134, 139, 142, 181, 197, 342, 434
Volcanalis, 484
Flamines, 113, 122, 123, 175, 193, 280, 341, 434;
insignia, 177;
personal purity essential, 178, 195
Flaminica Dialis, 135, 144;
insignia, 177;
taboos on, 35-36
Flaminius, 315, 317, 338, 340
Flora, 122
Fons, 117, 285
Forculus, the door spirit, 76
Fordicidia, 100, 120, 121
Fornacalia, 173
Fortuna (Fors Fortuna), 201, 235, 245, 284, 297, 396, 401
Forum Boarium, human sacrifices, 112, 320
Fratres Arvales: Acta Fratrum Arvalium, 161, 213, 435;
altar, 164;
carmen, 78, 132, 186, 187, 436;
ritual of, 35, 100, 146, 149, 157, 162, 182, 191, 195, 213;
revived by Augustus, 434;
duties of the Brethren, 435;
worship of sacred utensils, 489-490
Attiedii, 157, 187, 215
Frazer, Dr. J. G., his definition of religion, 8;
his theory of divine kingship, 19, 20, 49, 51, 52, 115, 128, 140;
on totemism, 25, 26;
on taboo, 30, 34, 47;
on _oscilla_, 61, 62, 67;
on the Parilia, 100, 222;
on marriage of gods, 144, 149, 150, 152, 155, 156, 165, 350, 481-485;
on cult of Jupiter, 167;
on appointment of _camillae_, 177, 195;
on Diana, 235;
on superstition, 264
Fulgur, cult-title of Jupiter, 129
Furrina, 18, 117, 122
Gallus, Aelius, on _religiosum_, 37
Games instituted to divert attention in times of trouble, 262-263;
Apolline, 326;
_see also_ Ludi
Gardner, Professor E., cited, 355
Gardner, Professor P., on Christianity, 452;
on prayers for the dead, 457;
cited, 465
Gellius, Aulus, on the conjunction of divine names, 150-152;
story of Scipio, 240;
on religiousness of the Romans, 250
Genius: the male principle of life, 30, 92, 154, 317, 332;
of the paterfamilias, 30;
doubtful identification of Hercules with, 30;
in combination with Hercules and Juventas, 332;
Juno the feminine counterpart of, 87
Gennep, M. van, on taboo, 42, 44;
on religious ceremonies, 65, 90, 442;
on lustrations, 211, 212
_Gentes_, 69, 259
_Georgics_, the religious spirit of the, 407
Ghosts, 75, 85, 91, 92, 107
Gilds, trade, 230
Glover, Mr., on Christianity, 456
God, as represented in the _Aeneid_, 426
Gods: _see_ Deities
Gratitude, not a prominent characteristic of the Roman, 252, 267
Greek comedy, influence on Roman religion, 351-353
gods, compared with Roman, 158;
introduced into Rome, 230-242
literature, 296
philosophy, influence on Roman religion, 357-375
Greenidge, Dr., on the _auspicia_ and the _imperium_, 301
Gregory the Great, 475
Gwatkin, Professor, on Augustine, 469;
on the relation of early Christianity to morality, 471
Haddon, Professor, on supernaturalism, 21
Hades, 390, 391
Hannibalic War: revival of _religio_, 315, 317;
Sibylline books consulted, 316-319, 329;
sacrifices and offerings made to deities, 318;
religious panic after battle of Cannae, 319;
human sacrifices, 320;
Delphic oracle consulted, 323, 324, 326;
outbreak of _lascivia_, 324;
institutio$1 $2 Apolline games, 326;
religious history of last years, 327-329;
gratitude to deities, 329;
the Magna Mater of Pessinus brought to Rome, 330
Hardie, Professor, and the double altar in connection with funeral
rites, 425
Hariolus, 297, 298, 311
Harrison, Miss, on covering the head at sacrifices, 195
Haruspices, 296, 313, 337, 338, 397;
history of the, 307-309
Hebe, 332
Heinze, on the _Aeneid_, 413-415, 419, 426, 427
Heitland, Mr., on Bacchanalia, 346, 356
Heracleitus, 257
Hercules: associated with Diana, 262;
with Juno, 17;
in combination with Juventas and Genius, 317, 332;
doubtful identification with Genius, 30;
identified with the Greek Heracles, 230, 243;
Victor or Invictus, 230, 231, 236, 243, 244;
cult of, 231, 244;
festival, 243;
worship confined to men, 29
Hermes, 260
Hirtzel, Mr., cited, 426
Homer, religion of, compared with that of Roman patricians, 392
Honey cakes, 82
Honos et Virtus, 285, 446;
temple, 328
Horace, 81, 299, 403, 405;
_Carmen saeculare_, 431-432, 439, 443-447, 450, 451
Hora Quirini, 482-483
Horses: lustrations, 96, 215;
races, 97;
sacrifice of, _see_ Sacrifices
Howerth, Ira W., his definition of religion, 8
Hubert et Mauss, on magic, 64, 65;
on sacrifice, 190, 194, 195, 198
Human sacrifice, 33, 44, 107, 112, 226, 320, 440
Hut-urns, sepulchral, 87, 477
Huts or booths, use of, in religious ritual, 473-477
Huvelin, M., on magic, 64
Ides, 39, 65, 95, 251, 484;
sacred to Jupiter, 129
Iguvium: ritual, 22, 138, 181, 197;
lustration of the _arx_, 187, 214, 215;
of the people, 31, 208, 215-216
Images and statues of gods, 146, 147, 165, 239, 262, 264, 336, 337;
statue of Athene, 355
Immortality, belief in, 69, 386-387, 389, 424
Imporcitor, 161
_Inauguratio_ of the priest-king Numa, 174-175, 193
Incense, 164, 180, 330, 458
Indigetes, di, 117, 139, 149, 180, 214
Indigitamenta, 76, 84, 88, 130, 138, 153, 159-161, 163, 165, 168, 281,
286, 291
Individualism, growth of, 240, 266, 287, 340, 358, 411, 456
Innocent, Bishop of Rome, 309
Iron, tabooed in religious ceremonies, 32, 35, 45, 214
Isis: religion, 455, 456;
temple, 433
_Ius_, early usage of, 486-487
_augurale_, 296
_civile_, 5, 169;
and the _ius divinum_, 58, 276-279
_divinum_, 13, 24, 33, 38, 49, 68, 104, 106, 107, 128, 146, 227, 228,
241, 271-273, 286, 287, 296, 345;
and the _ius civile_, 58, 276-279;
ritual, 169-191, 467;
the pontifical books the pharmacopoeia of, 286;
decay and neglect, 203, 314, 327, 352, 353;
reaction against, 324, 340-344, 348;
Augustan revival, 429
_hospitii_, 31, 32
_Manium_, 387
Janus: the door spirit, 76, 127, 146;
bifrons of the Forum, 77;
speculations regarding, 125, 140, 141;
cult-titles, 126;
worship, 183, 212;
connection with Cardea, 485;
with Diana, 76, 125, 166;
with Juno, 126, 135;
with Vesta, 140, 145;
temple, 126
Jebb, Professor, on poetry of the Greeks, 424
Jevons, Dr., 19;
on totemism, 26;
on taboo, 28, 41;
on magic, 48, 186;
on priests, 176
Jews, proselytising, expelled from Rome, 139 B.C., 397, 402
Jhering, von, on origin of Roman divination, 293, 294, 311
Jordan, H., 13;
on pairing of deities, 152
Junius, 315
Juno, 121, 479;
Caprotina, 143;
Curitis, 144;
Moneta, 135;
Populonia, 144;
Regina, (of Ardea) 318,
(of the Aventine) 318, 329,
(of Veii) 135, 206, 284;
Sospita, 318, 354;
connection with Hercules, 17;
with Janus, 126, 135;
with Jupiter, 136, 144, 166, 443, 444, 446;
one of the Etruscan trias, 94, 237;
representative of female principle, 17, 87, 135, 144;
temples, 135, 172, 237, 328, 329, 354
Junonius, cult-title of Janus, 126
Jupiter, 115, 118, 124, 127, 128, 141, 143, 147, 159, 183, 212;
difference between Jupiter and Zeus, 141;
connection with Diana, 76;
with Dius Fidius, 130, 142, 167, 450;
with Juno, 136, 144, 166, 443, 444, 446;
with Juturna, 485;
with Tellus, 121;
with Terminus, 82;
Capitolinus, 120, 129, 204, 205, 237, 238, 240, 241, 318, 319, 333,
367;
Dapalis, 141;
Elicius, 36, 50-52, 129, 137;
Fagutalis, 141;
Farreus, 130;
Feretrius, 129, 433;
Fulgur, 129;
Grabovius, 187;
Latiaris, 237, 238;
Lucetius, 129;
Sabazius, 402;
Summanus, 129;
one of the Etruscan trias, 94, 172, 237, 336;
cult at Praeneste, 167;
cult-titles Optimus Maximus, 129, 238;
Ides sacred to, 129;
worshipped on Alban Mount, 109, 128, 172;
epulum Iovis, 172, 263, 268, 336, 338, 353;
temples, 95, 115, 129, 146, 172, 237-238, 241, 245, 246, 254, 266,
433, 443
Juturna, 284, 285;
connection with Jupiter, 485
Juventas, in combination with Genius and Hercules, 317, 332
Kalends, 39, 95, 126, 135, 251, 484
Kobbert, Maximilianus, on _religio_, 46
Kronos, identified with Saturnus, 118
Lactantius, 156, 165, 388, 459, 461, 462, 469
Lang, Mr., 19;
cited in connection with the calendar of Numa, 105
_Lapis_: _see_ Stones
Laralia: _see_ Compitalia
Larentia, Acca, 67
Lar familiaris, 77, 78, 92, 251
Lares compitales, 61, 117, 132, 186
Latin Festival: _see_ Feriae Latinae
Latins, the, 10, 23, 25, 86, 123, 130, 172, 193, 229
Latona, associated with Apollo, 262
Laughing, in ritual of Lupercalia, 106, 111
Laurel branches carried in procession, 265
Lawson, J. C., on burial and cremation, 91, 400, 401
Leather, tabooed in the worship of Carmenta, 36
Lecky, Mr., on Stoicism, 362, 377
Lectisternium, 263-266, 268, 317-319, 327
_Leges regiae_, connection with the _ius divinum_, 272
Leland, C. G., 67
Lemuria, 40, 85, 98, 107, 401;
compared with the Parentalia, 393-395
Lepidus, pontifex maximus, 433, 438
Liber, 158, 260, 332;
identified with Dionysus, 255, 344;
temple, 255
Libera, 260;
identified with Persephone, 255
Liberalia, 332
Libitina, 159
Licinius Imbrex, 151
Licinius, P., pontifex maximus, 342
Lightning, divination by, 51, 52, 304, 305, 307, 309
Limentinus, spirit of the threshold, 76
Livius Andronicus, 328