septa in the corallites. The smaller of the two specimens, in which
septa are seen, is preserved with a small corallum of _Acervularia
austini_ in the same piece of limestone.
The horizon indicated by the first and last of the above three species
of corals from Beechey island would be about that of the Niagara
formation.
SOUTHAMPTON ISLAND, HUDSON BAY.
_Streptelasma robustum_, Whiteaves.
This large and well marked species, described originally from the
Galena-Trenton of the Lake Winnipeg region, is represented by a number
of more or less fragmentary specimens. The inner structure is well shown
in transverse and longitudinal sections.
_Favosites gothlandica_, Lamarck.
Over forty specimens from this locality are referable to this well known
species. In many of them are seen the spiniform septa, characteristic of
all Silurian favosites, and distinguishing them from all Devonian forms
which apparently without exception possess linguiform septa. It is
possible that more than one species may be here represented. The range
in size of the corallites in _F. gothlandica_ has been noticed by the
writer in his ‘Revision of the genera and species of Canadian Palæozoic
corals*,’ 1899-1900, but in the present collection the fragmentary
condition of most of the specimens does not admit of characters
dependent on the outward form of the corallum being used with any degree
of certainty.
-----
* In this report the reader will find extended references to the
structure of the majority of the species mentioned in these notes.
_Syringopora verticillata_, Goldfuss.
A single specimen of this species was obtained at Southampton island.
Its corallites average about 4 mm. in diameter and are rather lax and
irregular in their growth, the result of which is that the connecting
tubes are poorly developed and comparatively distant. This particular
mode of growth is admirably shown in specimens, in the possession of the
Survey, from the north end of Lake Timiskaming.
_Halysites catenularia_, L.
Represented by a small corallum, round which has grown a stromatopora.
This coral exhibits the structure characteristic of the typical form of
the Niagara formation, viz., moderate sized corallites, oval in
transverse section with narrow tubules intervening. Four corallites are
included in a space of 8 mm.
This form also occurs in the Guelph limestone of Ontario.
A second and particularly interesting specimen was obtained by Mr. Low
at Southampton island. It differs from the typical form in having
corallites of noticeably large size, and agrees in this particular with
a specimen from the Guelph limestone at Durham, Ont. (J. Townsend,
1884), in the museum of the Survey. The Durham fossil has not the finer
details of structure sufficiently well preserved to show the minute
tabulæ of the tubules, but in Mr. Low’s specimen longitudinal sections
of the tubules clearly reveal the highly arched, close set tabulæ
within. There are three corallites in a space of 12 mm., as in the
Durham specimen, and the tubules have a width of about ·75 mm.
_Plasmopora follis_, M.-E. and H.
To this species is referred a small specimen showing the inner structure
fairly well. The corallites vary in diameter from slightly under to a
little over 1 mm., and they are mostly less than their own diameter
apart with from one to three tubules, in the shortest line, between
neighbouring corallites. This species is generally considered to be
typical of the Niagara group.
_Pycnostylus elegans_, Whiteaves.
A few specimens weathered so as to show only the inside of the
corallites which vary in diameter from 7 to 15 mm. An interesting
feature of these specimens is the preservation of the free edges of the
septa which are seen to be denticulated, about seven denticles occurring
in a space of 2 mm. A re-examination of the type material reveals the
presence of these denticles, although they are poorly preserved. Mr.
Low’s specimens are referable to the species from the Guelph limestone
of Ontario with large corallites (from 13 to 17 mm. in diameter) as in
the other and type species from the same horizon and district, the
corallites are generally smaller (from 3 to 7 mm. in diameter). As
suggested by Dr. Whiteaves in his original description, additional
material with corallites of intermediate size may prove the two forms to
be specifically identical.
Of the corals from Southampton island, _Streptelasma robustum_ indicates
the presence of beds at this locality that belong to the same horizon as
those that have been assigned to the Galena-Trenton in the Lake Winnipeg
region, and similar beds exposed over a large area to the west of Hudson
bay. The beds from which the other species from the same island are
derived belong to higher horizons which are, on the evidence of these
species, of about the same geological age as those of the Niagara and
Guelph formations of Ontario.
CAPE CHIDLEY, HUDSON STRAIT.
A single coral from this locality is represented by two fragments that
have apparently been broken from a larger mass. The exact form of the
corallum is unknown, but the structure of the corallites is well
preserved and clearly seen in longitudinal and traverse sections. Its
structural characteristics are quite different from those of any form
known to the writer, and it is regarded as representing a new genus and
species named and characterized as follows:—
_Labyrinthites._ Gen. nov.
Corallum massive, made up of very slender, long, columnar corallites,
upwardly directed and parallel, each one connected along the whole of
its length with two or three adjacent corallites in tortuous series
separated by narrow interspaces. Tabulæ, complete, distant. No septa nor
tubules.
Although the manner of growth of this coral resembles somewhat that of
_Halysites_ it could scarcely be referred to that genus, on account of
the absence of septa and tubules, although in _Halysites catenularia_
var. _gracilis_ tubules are apparently wanting. The small size of the
corallites would not necessarily be considered a character sufficient to
constitute generic distinction. Another genus, _Fletcheria_, may be
considered, but _Labyrinthites_ has little in common with it. In both,
the tabulæ are distant and simple, practically the only point of
resemblance unless we notice the small size of the corallites of
_Fletcheria_ and the stated rudimentary condition of its septa.
As the want of septa in the Cape Chidley specimens may be due to
imperfect fossilization, _Labyrinthites_ is, on account of its mode of
growth, provisionally classed with the _Halysitidæ_.
[Illustration: X30]
_Labyrinthites chidlensis._ Sp. nov.
Corallum massive, composed of slender, straight, upright corallites with
numerous interspaces. Corallites a little less than ·33 mm. in average
diameter, quadrangular or five or six sides in transverse outline, with
rather thick walls. Each corallite coalesces along its entire length
with two or three adjacent ones, giving rise to a meandering succession
of tubes inclosing narrow spaces not wider than the corallites
themselves. In the specimens examined the corallites reach a maximum
length of ·30 mm. In longitudinal sections tabulæ, in the form of thin,
flat, transverse plates across the corallites, are observed, between ·5
and 1·5 mm. apart. There are no tubules between contiguous corallites,
and the mural union appears to be complete.
Dr. Ami, who is studying the groups of fossils, other than the corals,
obtained by Mr. Low at Cape Chidley, informs me that the majority of the
Cape Chidley fossils are referable to the Ordovician, whilst two
specimens are of Silurian age. The lithological character of the rock in
which the coral is preserved appears to more nearly approach that of the
Ordovician specimens.
PRELIMINARY LIST OF ORGANIC REMAINS FROM BEECHEY ISLAND, LANCASTER SOUND,
IN THE DISTRICT OF FRANKLIN.
(_Determined by H. M. Ami, Assistant-Palæontologist._)
(_A_)—From the bluish-gray impure limestones.
COELENTERATA.
1. _Acervularia austini_ (Salter).
2. _Boreaster lowi_, Lambe.
3. _Clathrodictyon? franklinense._ N. sp.
ECHINODERMATA.
4. Crinoidal fragments.
BRACHIOPODA.
5. _Hindella phoca_, (Salter).
GASTEROPODA.
6. _Hormotoma arctica_, N. Sp.
7. _ ” affinis_, N. Sp.
8. _Lophospira salteri_, (Haughton)
9. _Loxonema rossi_, Haughton.
10. _Holopea borealis_, N. Sp.
11. _Euomphalus beechiensis_, N. Sp.
PELECYPODA.
12. _Orthonota? desiderata_, N. Sp.
TRILOBITA.
13. _Encrinurus arcticus_, (Salter).
OSTRACODA.
14. _Leperditia hisingeri_, Schmidt.
15. _ ” balthica_, (Hisinger) var. _arctica_, Salter.
16. _Isochilina grandis_, (Schrenk) Jones, var. _canadensis_, N. var.
17. _Primitia mundula_, Jones, var. _arctica_, N. Var.
18. _Beyrichia kloedeni_, McCoy.
Besides the above, there are remains of the tracks and trails of
Annelida which cannot be identified with any described form, and to them
have been given specific designations as follows:—
19. _Eugyrichnites lowi_, N. Sp.
20. _Planolites arcticus_, N. Sp.
(_B_)—From the yellowish-gray, semi-crystalline, limestone:
COELENTERATA.
1. _Strephodes pickthornii_, Salter.
2. Obscure remains of some form of hydroid which appears to indicate the
presence of a species of graptolite, too imperfectly preserved for
identification.
ECHINODERMATA.
3. Crinoidal fragments.
BRACHIOPODA.
4. _Orthothetes donnettii_, (Salter).
5. _Rafinesquina_? sp. indt.
6. _Hindella phoca._ (Salter).
7. _Glassia_? sp. indt.
8. _Plectambonites_? sp. indt.
GASTEROPODA.
9. _Hormotoma arctica_, N. Sp. Resembles the form figured by Salter in
his ‘Geology’ in the Appendix to Sutherland’s ‘Journal of a Voyage,’ &c.
Pl. V., fig. 18, 1852.
10. _Hormotoma_, sp., cf. H. _affinis_, N. Sp.
11. _Loxonema_, sp. Resembles some of the forms classed under the
designation _L. rossi_, Haughton, but separable from the narrower types
to which the species is restricted.
TRILOBITA.
12. _Proetus_, sp. indt. Pygidium.
13. _Encrinurus_??, sp. indt. Portion of the head of an individual, not
sufficient for identification.
OSTRACODA.
14. _Primitia_, sp. A very elongate form resembling _P. cylindrica_,
(Hall).
15. _Primitia_, sp. No. 2. Distinct from above.
PRELIMINARY LISTS OF THE SPECIES OF ORGANIC REMAINS FROM BLOCKS OF
LIMESTONE FROM SOUTHAMPTON ISLAND.
(_A_)—From a piece of yellowish limestone:
ECHINODERMATA.
1. Crinoidal fragments.
BRACHIOPODA.
2. A strongly camerate form of strophomenoid shell, probably a
_Strophodonta_.
3. _Orthothetes_? sp.
4. _Camarotœchia ekwanensis_, Whiteaves.
5. ” sp.
6. _Retzia_, sp.
GASTEROPODA.
7. _Pleurotomaria_, sp. of the type of _P. alta._ Hisinger.
8. ” sp. of the type of _P. perlata_, Hall.
TRILOBITA.
9. _Encrinurus_, sp., cf. _Encrinurus punctatus_, Emmrich.
10. _Proetus_, sp. indt.
OSTRACODA.
11. _Primitia_, sp. indt.
(_B_)—From a small piece of drab coloured dolomitic limestone:
BRACHIOPODA.
1. _Orthis_, sp. of the type of _Orthis (Dinorthis) subquadrata_, Hall.
2. _Rhynchonella_, sp.
3. _Glassia_?, sp. indt.
OSTRACODA.
4. _Primitia_, sp. indt.
(_C_)—From a small piece of dark-brown bituminous shale:
PISCES.
1. Obscure remains of some species of fish, too imperfectly preserved
for identification. This shale appears to resemble the Niobrara-Benton
shale of the Manitoban region.
(_D_)—In a small piece of buff limestone:
BRACHIOPODA.
1. Small shell of the type of _Glassia_, possibly the same as the
_Glassia variabilis_, (Whiteaves) from the Silurian of the Ekwan river
district.
2. _Rhynchospira_, sp. or _Retzia_, sp. A finely ribbed shell, not
sufficiently well-preserved to be identified with any degree of
certainty.
3. _Conchidium_, sp. a small and immature form of what appears to be the
_Conchidium decussatum_, Whiteaves.
GASTEROPODA.
4. _Murchisonia_ (_Hormotoma_), sp. indt.
5. _Loxonema_, sp. An imperfect individual with seven whorls preserved,
having an apical angle of 10°, and would require at least three more
volutions to complete the shell at this stage.
(_E_)—In impure limestone:
BRACHIOPODA.
1. _Strophomena (Rafinesquina) alternata_, (Emmons) Conrad. Three valves
of this species appear to be represented in this small slab of rock, and
exhibit the characteristic sculpture and other surface characters.
(_F_)—In cream-coloured dolomite:
BRACHIOPODA.
1. _Camarotœchia_, sp. possibly the same as the _Camarotœchia
ekwanensis_, Whiteaves.
OSTRACODA.
2. A very large Ostracod, which is not in a good state of preservation,
but which, from its size and general characters appears to be close to
_Isochilina grandis_.
(_G_)—In a drab-coloured limestone.
BRACHIOPODA.
1. _Strophomena_, sp. of the type of _Strophomena euglypha_, Sowerby.
The sculpture of this shell is very much like that of _Strophomena
(Rafinesquina) alternata_, Conrad.
2. Pentameroid shell, not sufficiently well preserved to state
definitely whether it is _Pentamerus oblongus_ or not, but it strongly
resembles a dorsal valve of this well-known form from the Silurian of
Europe and North America.
This rock resembles strongly the rock of Mansfield island, where Dr.
Bell obtained a number of fossils, determined by the writer to be
Silurian, and possibly homotaxial with the Wenlock and Niagara
formations.
(_H_)—In a dark dolomitic limestone.
BRYOZOA.
Some species of bryozo appear in the collection.
BRACHIOPODA.
1. _Strophomena_. sp.
2. _Strophomena_, sp., cf. _S. acanthoptera_, Whiteaves.
3. A rhynchonelloid form which appears to be the _Camarotœchia
ekwanensis_, Whiteaves.
4. A smooth form of shell which may be the _Glassia variabilis_,
Whiteaves.
OSTRACODA.
5. Undetermined forms or imperfectly preserved forms.
(_I_)—In a rather dark buff-weathering limestone:
BRACHIOPODA.
1. _Leptæna (Plectambonites) sericea_, Sowerby. A form with winged
extremities of hinge area.
2. _Strophomena_, of the type of _S. nitens_, Billings.
3. _Orthis_ (_Dalmanella_), sp., cf. _D. testudinaria_, Dalman.
4. _Rhynchonella_, sp. type of _R. neglecta_, Hall. This may be the
_Camarotœchia ekwanensis_, Whiteaves.
5. A smooth brachiopod which may be a _Glassia_.
(_J_)—In a small slab of drab-coloured limestone.
1. Obscure remains of _algæ_ or other plants.
(_K_)—In a slab of yellow weathering dolomite:
1. _Camarotœchia ekwanensis_, Whiteaves.
2. Smooth and small _Glassia_-like brachiopod, too imperfect for
identification.
3. Obscure remains of a trilobite, indeterminable.
(_L_)—In a drab-coloured limestone:
1. _Pentamerus oblongus_, Sowerby. These forms resemble closely those
determined by the writer in Dr. Bell’s collections from Mansfield
island.
(_M_)—In a dark mottled buff and gray dolomitic limestone:
BRACHIOPODA.
1. _Strophomena_, sp., of the type of _S. hecuba_, Billings.
2. ” _(Rafinesquina) alternata_, (Emmons) Conrad. This limestone appears
to be homotaxial with the Trenton of Ontario and the Galena-Trenton of
the Manitoba region.
(_N_)—In a yellow weathering dolomitic limestone:
BRACHIOPODA.
1. _Strophomena_, sp., or strophomenoid shell with _alternata_-type of
sculpture.
2. _Camarotœchia_, sp., cf. _C. ekwanensis_, Whiteaves.
3. _Glassia_?, sp. indt.
OSTRACODA.
4. _Leperditia_, sp., cf. _Leperditia hisingeri_, Schmidt.
5. _Primitia_, sp. indt.
(_O_)—In a drab coloured dolomitic limestone:
CEPHALOPODA.
1. A portion of some gyroceran or orthoceratite shell; resembles in some
respects the external characters of _Orthoceras nicolleti_ figured in
Vol. iii., part 11, of the Palæontology of Minnesota, Pl. 55, fig. 1.
(_P_)—In a yellowish-gray dolomitic limestone:
CEPHALOPODA.
1. _Actinoceras keewatinense_, Whiteaves. Several siphuncles of this
species recently described by Dr. Whiteaves occur in the collections
from Southampton island.
(_Q_)—Collections of Stromatoporoids from Southampton Island:
Sixty-three microscopic sections have been submitted to a preliminary
examination, and the following species among others, appear to occur:—
1. _Clathrodictyon regulare_, Rosen.
2. ” _fastigiatum_, Nicholson.
3. ” sp., cf. _C. striatellum_, Nicholson.
4. ” (?) _crassum_, Nicholson.
Some of these are parasitic on _Favosites Gothlandicus_, Lamarck. They
are referable to the Silurian, about the age of the Niagara.
PRELIMINARY LIST OF ORGANIC REMAINS FROM LOOSE BLOCKS OF LIMESTONE, CAPE
CHIDLEY.
(_A_)—From the drab-coloured limestone:
POLYZOA.
1. _Pachydictya_, sp. indt.
BRACHIOPODA.
2. A strophomenoid shell with sculpture of _Strophomena varistriata_
type occurs in the collection with _Sieberella galeata_.
3. _Trematospira_, sp. indt.
4. _Conchidium decussatum_, Whiteaves.
5. _Clorinda_, sp. probably a new form which I would designate,
_Clorinda lowi_, N. Sp.
6. _Sieberella galeata_, Dalman. A form which is very near the type of
this cosmopolitan species. If it prove a variety or mutation, I should
designate the same as var. _Chidleyensis_, N. var.
The above are all of Silurian age.
(_B_)—From a dark gray impure limestone resembling that of the Black
River and Trenton formations of southern Canada:
CEPHALOPODA.
1. _Eurystomites undatus,_ Emmons.
2. _Plectoceras obscurum_, Hyatt; or some closely related species.
3, 4 and 5. Three species of _Orthoceras_, as yet undetermined. They are
not well preserved and require better specimens before they can be
identified. These are probably of the age of the Trenton of southern
Canada.
(_C_)—From a slab of bituminous shale:
1. _Asaphus latimarginatus_, Hall. I cannot distinguish this form from
the species usually designated in Canada as _Asaphus canadensis_,
Chapman, from the Utica shale.
APPENDIX V.
=List of the Principal Works and Papers Consulted in the
Preparation of the Report on the Dominion Expedition to Hudson Bay and
the Arctic Islands.=
In the following list are included the full titles and dates of
publication of works and papers affording information which has been
embodied in the foregoing pages or in the accompanying map:—
A Voyage of Discovery, for the Purpose of Exploring Baffin’s Bay, etc.,
by Sir John Ross, in 1818, London, 1819. Geological appendix by Dr.
McCulloch.
Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Polar sea in the years
1819-22, by Capt. J. Franklin, London, 1823. Appendix i., by J.
Richardson, M.D.
Journal of a Second Voyage for the Discovery of a Northwest Passage,
etc., 1821-23, by Captain Parry, London, 1824.
A Supplement to the Appendix to Capt. Parry’s Voyage for the Discovery
of a Northwest Passage in the year 1819-20 (Natural History), London,
1824. Notes on Rock Specimens by Charles Koning.
A Brief Account of an Unsuccessful Attempt to reach Repulse Bay, etc.,
by Capt. G. F. Lyon, London, 1825.
Journal of a Third Voyage for the Discovery of a Northwest Passage,
etc., by Capt. W. E. Parry, London, 1826. Appendix by Prof. Jameson on
Geology of Countries discovered during Capt. Parry’s Second and Third
Expeditions.
Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea in the
years 1825-27, by Capt. J. Franklin, London, 1828. Appendix i., by J.
Richardson.
Narrative of Discovery and Adventure in the Polar Seas and Regions, by
Professors Leslie, Jameson and Hugh Murray, Edinburgh, 1830.
Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of a Northwest Passage, etc.,
1829-33, by Sir John Ross, London, 1835. Appendix on Geology, by Sir J.
Ross.
Narrative of the Discoveries on the North Coast of America, etc.,
1836-39, by Thomas Simpson, London, 1843.
Narrative of an Expedition to the Shores of the Arctic Sea in 1846-47,
by Dr. John Rae, London, 1850.
Journey from Great Bear Lake to Wollaston Land and Explorations along
the South and East Coast of Victoria, by Dr. J. Rae, Journ. Royal Geog.
Soc., vol. xxii., 1852.
Journal of a Voyage in Baffin’s Bay and Barrow Straits in 1850-51, by P.
C. Sutherland, M.D., London, 1852. Geological appendix, by J. W. Salter.
On the Geological and Glacial Phenomena of the Coasts of Davis’ Strait
and Baffin’s Bay, by P. C. Sutherland, M.D., Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,
vol. ix., 1853, p. 296.
On Arctic Silurian Fossils, by J. W. Salter, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,
vol. ix., 1853, p. 312.
A Summer Search for Sir J. Franklin, by Capt. Inglefield, 1853.
[Contains a geological appendix. I have seen only the notices derived
from this work in the “Arctic Manual” of 1875.]
The Last of the Arctic Voyages, etc., 1852-54, by Sir E. Belcher,
London, 1855. Appendix by J. W. Salter on Arctic Carboniferous Fossils,
and by Prof. Owen, on Remains of Ichthyosaurus, from Exmouth Island.
(See also notes on the Discovery of Ichthyosaurus and other Fossils in
the Late Arctic Searching Expedition, by Capt. Sir E. D. Belcher. Report
of British Association, 1855.)
On Some Additions to the Geology of the Arctic Regions, by J. W. Salter.
Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1855.
Further Papers Relative to the Recent Arctic Expeditions in search of
Sir John Franklin, etc. London, Government, 1855.
On the Geology of the Hudson’s Bay Territories and of Portions of the
Arctic and Northwestern Regions of America, by A. K. Isbester, Quart.
Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xi. (Also reprinted, without map, in Am. Journ.
Sci. and Arts, second series, vol. xxi., 1856, p. 313.)
The Discovery of a Northwest Passage by H.M.S. “Investigator,” Capt. R.
M’Clure, 1850-54, London, 1857. Geological appendix by Sir R. Murchison.
A Personal Narrative of the Discovery of the Northwest Passage, by A.
Armstrong, M.D., late surgeon and naturalist to H.M.S. “Investigator,”
London, 1857.
Arctic Explorations by Dr. E. K. Kane, Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, second
series, vol. xxiv., 1857, p. 235.
Report from the Select Committee on the Hudson’s Bay Company, etc.,
London, Government, 1857. (Geological map.)
A Narrative of the Discovery of the Fate of Sir John Franklin, by
Captain M’Clintock, London, edition of 1859. Geological appendix by
Prof. Samuel Haughton. (Geological map.) [Notes on the geological
results of M’Clintock’s voyages were first published in the Journ. Royal
Dublin Society, vol. i., 1857, and vol. iii., 1860. The first mentioned
paper is accompanied by a geological map which formed the basis of that
subsequently produced in connection with the Appendix to M’Clintock’s
“Narrative.” I have seen only the abstract of these papers by Prof.
Haughton, which appears in the “Arctic Manual” of 1875.]
The Polar Regions, by Sir John Richardson, Edinburgh, 1861. (Reprinted
from Encyclopedia Britannica. Eighth Edition, 1860)
Report on the Geological and Mineralogical Specimens collected by C. F.
Hall in Frobisher Bay, Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, second series, vol.
xxv., 1863.
Preliminary notice of a small collection of Fossils found by Dr. Hayes
on the West Shore of Kennedy Channel, by F. B. Meek, Am. Journ. Sci. and
Arts, second series, vol. xl., 1865, p. 31.
Flora Fossilis Arctica, Dr. Oswald Heer, vol. i., 1868; vol. ii., 1871,
Fossile Flora des Baren Insel; vol. v., 1878, Die Miocene Flora des
Grinnell-Landes; vol. vi., 1880, Beiträge zur Miocenen Flora von
Nord-Canada.
Scientific Results of the “Polaris” Arctic Expedition. Nature, vol. ix.,
1874, p. 404.
A Whaling Cruise to Baffin’s Bay, etc., by A. H. Markham, London, 1874.
Appendix C., List of Geological Specimens, by R. Etheridge.
Manual of the Natural History, Geology and Physics of Greenland and
neighbouring Regions, etc., edited by Prof. T. R. Jones, London, 1875.
[This volume, prepared for the use of Nares’ expedition under the
direction of the Arctic Committee of the Royal Society, contains
reprints of portions of several of the works and papers above referred
to, with occasional important remarks and memoranda by the editor.]
Arctic Geology, by C. E. De Rance. Nature, vol. xi., 1875. (Geological
map.)
On a Fossil Silurian Vertebra from the Arctic Regions, by Prof. A. L.
Adams, Proc. Royal Irish Acad., second series, vol. ii., 1875.
L’Expédition Polaire Américaine, sous les ordres du Capitaine Hall.
Letter by Dr. E. Bessels. Bul. Soc. Géog., Paris, vol. ix., 1875, p.
297.
Narrative of a Voyage to the Polar Sea During 1875-76, etc., by Capt.
Sir G. S. Nares, London, 1878, Appendix xv., Geology, by C. E. De Rance
and H. W. Fielden.
Geology of the Coasts of the Arctic visited by the late British
Expedition under Capt. Sir George Nares, etc., by Capt. H. W. Fielden
and C. E. De Rance, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxxiv., 1878, p. 556.
(Geological map)
Palæontology of the Coasts of the Arctic Lands, visited by the late
British Expedition, etc., by R. Etheridge, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,
vol. xxxiv., 1878, p. 568. (Abstracts of this and the foregoing paper
appear in Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, third series, vol. xvi., p. 139.)
Notes on Fossil Plants Discovered in Grinnell Land, by Capt. H. W.
Fielden, etc., by Prof. O. Heer, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxxiv.,
1878, p. 66.
Narrative of the Second Arctic Expedition made by C. F. Hall,
Washington, Government, 1879. Appendix iii., by Prof. B. K. Emmerson.
Dr. Franz Boas, Baffin Land. Petermanns Mitteilungen, Ergänzungsheft,
Nr. 80, 1885.
Die Geographische Verbreitung der Juraformation, by Neumeyr.
Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akadamie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, vol.
l., 1885.
Encyclopedia Britannica (ninth edition), Greenland, by Robert Brown.
Polar Regions, by C. R. Markham. (Geological sketches appended to both
these articles.)
Three Years of Arctic Service, an Account of the Lady Franklin Bay
Expedition, by Lieut A. W. Greely, New York, 1886.
The Eskimo of Baffin Land and Hudson Bay, by Franz Boaz. Bul. Am. Mus.
of Nat. Hist., vol. xix.
On the Lower Silurian (Trenton) Fauna of Baffin Land, by Chas.
Schurchert. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxii., p. 143-177.
A Biological Investigation of the Hudson Bay Region, by Edward A.
Prebles, U.S. Biological Surv. North American Fauna, No. 22, 1902.
The Second Norwegian Polar Expedition in the Fram, 1898-1902, by Capt.
Otto Sverdrup. Roy. Geog. Journ., vol. xxii., No. 1, pp. 38-56, 1903.
Field Work of the Peary Arctic Club, by Com. R. E. Peary. Bul. Geo. Soc.
of Phila., vol. iv., with map.
New Land, Four Years in the Arctic Regions, by Capt. Otto Sverdrup,
1904.
Report on the Hudson Bay Expedition, by Lieut A. R. Gordon, Dept. Marine
and Fisheries, 1884-5.
Report on the Second Hudson Bay Expedition, by Com. W. Wakeham, Dept.
Marine and Fisheries, 1897.
_Reported by the Staff of the Geological Survey of Canada_:—
Report on an Exploration of the East Coast of Hudson Bay, by Dr. R.
Bell, 1877-8.
Report on the Churchill and Nelson Rivers, by Dr. R. Bell, 1878-9.
Report on Hudson Bay and some of the Lakes and Rivers lying to the West
of it, by Dr. R. Bell, 1879-80.
Observations on the Labrador Coast, and on Hudson Strait and Bay, with
appendices i-v., Dr. R. Bell, Part DD, 1882.
Observations on the Labrador Coast, and on Hudson Strait and Strait and
Bay, with Appendices i-iv. A. P. Low, Part J., vol. iii, 1887-8.
Report on the Labrador Peninsula, A. P. Low, Part L., vol. viii., 1895.
Report on the Doobaunt, Kasan and Ferguson Rivers, and the Northwest
Coast of Hudson Bay. J. B. Tyrrell, Part F., vol. ix., 1896.
Report on a Traverse of the Northern Part of the Labrador Peninsula. A.
P. Low, Part L., vol. ix, 1896.
Reports on Explorations of the Coasts of Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay.
Dr. R. Bell and A. P. Low, Parts L. and M., vol. xi, 1898.
Report on an Exploration of the East Coasts of Hudson Bay and James Bay.
A. P. Low, Part D., vol. xiii., 1900.
Report on the Geology and Physical Characters of the Nastapoka Islands,
Hudson Bay. A. P. Low, Part DD., vol. xiii.
APPENDIX VI.
NOTES ON PHYSICAL CONDITION OF ESKIMOS.
(_By L. E. Borden, M.D., Surgeon to the Neptune._)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
│Aivillingmiut. │Aivillingmiut. │Aivillingmiut.
│ (Male.) │ (Female.) │ (Male.)
──────────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────
Age. │ 30 years. │ 25 years. │ 35 years.
Weight. │ 168 lb. │ 142 lb. │ 177 lb.
Height. │5 ft., 4·375 in. │ 4 ft., 11 in. │5 ft., 6·25 in.
Chest expanded. │ 43 inches. │ 3 ft., 4 in. │ 42 inches.
” contracted. │ 40 ” │ .. │ 37 ”
Girth at navel. │ 32·5 ” │ .. │ ..
Neck circumference. │ 14·5 ” │ 12·5 inches. │ 14 ”
Upper arm—length. │ 15 ” │ 12 ” │ 15 ”
” circumference. │ 13 ” │ 10·5 ” │ ..
Forearm—length. │ 17·5 ” │ 15·5 ” │ 17·75 ”
” circumference.│ 11·5 ” │ 9·5 ” │ 11·5 ”
Leg—length. │ 35·5 ” │ 30 ” │ 29·5 ”
” calf │ 14·5 ” │ .. │ 14·5 ”
circumference. │ │ │
” thigh ” │ 20·5 ” │ .. │ 22·5 ”
Foot—length. │ .. │ .. │ ..
Head—circumference. │ 22·5 inches. │ 21·5 inches. │ 22 ”
Remarks. │About average │A fair average │Rather taller and
│ height in region│ young married │ heavier than the
│ and of good │ woman of this │ average.
│ build, of fair │ tribe; lips │
│ intelligence and│ rather thick, │
│ a good hunter. │ forehead low, │
│ Abundance of │ nose short, ears│
│ heavy black hair│ rather small, │
│ worn, according │ hair heavy and │
│ to custom, │ black. │
│ falling over │ │
│ shoulders, and │ │
│ protects ears. │ │
──────────────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────────
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
│Kenipitumiut. │Kenipitumiut. │Kenipitumiut.
│ (Male.) │ (Female.) │ (Male.)
──────────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────
Age. │ 20 years. │ 65 years. │ 35 years.
Weight. │ 172 lb. │ 136 lb. │ 158 lb.
Height. │5 ft., 8·5 in. │4 ft., 11·5 in. │5 ft., 7 in.
Chest expanded. │ 40·5 inches. │ 38·5 inches. │ 41 inches.
” contracted. │ 37·5 ” │ 37 ” │ 39·5 ”
Girth at navel. │ 33·5 ” │ .. │ 35 ”
Neck circumference. │ 14 ” │ 11·5 inches. │ 13·5 ”
Upper arm—length. │ 13·5 ” │ 11 ” │ 13 ”
” circumference. │ 11·75 ” │ 11 ” │ 10·5 ”
Forearm—length. │ 19 ” │ 16 ” │ 17·5 ”
” circumference.│ 11 ” │ 9 ” │ 10 ”
Leg—length. │ 36·5 ” │ .. │ ..
” calf │ 14 ” │ .. │ ..
circumference. │ │ │
” thigh ” │ 22 ” │ .. │ ..
Foot—length. │ 9·75 ” │ 7·5 inches. │ ..
Head—circumference. │ 22·5 ” │ 21 ” │ 22 inches.
Remarks. │Tallest of the │Typical old woman,│Teeth perfect,
│ band at 5 ft., │ two-thirds teeth│ though large;
│ 8·5 in., and │ remaining and │ eyes bad, due to
│ muscular and │ perfect; hair, │ snow-blindness;
│ well built, but │ slightly gray, │ eyebrows heavy,
│ slow mind and │ no baldness; │ black; slight
│ limb. │ eyebrows, arched│ moustache; nose,
│ │ and thin; eyes │ straight, well
│ │ sight fairly │ formed except
│ │ well preserved; │ bridge, low;
│ │ nose-bridge low │ forehead, low
│ │ and lumpy and │ but broad and
│ │ prominent; │ square; an
│ │ forehead, low, │ intelligent man
│ │ narrow, arched; │ and a good
│ │ cheek bones │ workman as kyak
│ │ project forward;│ builder, &c.;
│ │ lower jaw │ unable to hunt,
│ │ prominent; chin,│ owing to
│ │ pointed and │ rheumatism;
│ │ short; breasts, │ ears, large and
│ │ long and flabby;│ stand out from
│ │ no hair on body │ head.
│ │ except in │
│ │ axillæ; arteries│
│ │ hard. │
──────────────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────────
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
│ Kenipitumiut. │ Kenipitumiut. │ Kenipitumiut.
│ (Male.) │ (Female.) │ (Female.)
──────────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────
Age. │ 60 years. │ 30 years. │ 17 years.
Weight. │ 138 lb. │ 123 lb. │ 117 lb.
Height. │4 ft., 11·5 in. │ 5 ft. │4 ft. 10·5 in.
Chest expanded. │ 37 inches. │ 32·5 inches. │ 32·5 inches.
” contracted. │ 33 ” │ 31 ” │ 29 ”
Girth at navel. │ 33 ” │ .. │ 23·5 ”
Neck circumference. │ 14 ” │ 11·5 inches. │ 12·5 ”
Upper arm—length. │ 11·12” │ 11 ” │ 11 ”
” circumference. │ 12 ” │ 10·5 ” │ 10 ”
Forearm—length. │ 16 ” │ 15·5 ” │ 16 ”
” circumference.│ 10 ” │ 9 ” │ 9 ”
Leg—length. │ .. │ 33 ” │ ...
” calf │ .. │ 12 ” │ 13·5 ”
circumference. │ │ │
” thigh ” │ .. │ .. │ ...
Head—circumference. │ 21 inches. │ 21·5 inches. │ 21 ”
” width of face. │ 5·06 ” │ 4·75 ” │ 4·5 ”
” length of face. │ .. │ 6·75 ” │ ...
Foot—length. │ .. │ 8 ” │ 7·5 ”
Remarks. │Very shrewd and │Typical young │Typical girl;
│ reliable native;│ married woman; │ teeth,
│ well preserved; │ teeth, │ irregular;
│ head, very well │ discoloured and │ cheeks, not very
│ shaped; eyes, │ large, though │ prominent; face,
│ bright; hair, │ sound; eyes, │ flat; nose,
│ black and heavy;│ good; nose, │ small; ears,
│ nose, straight; │ flat; cheek │ left, small,
│ cheeks, │ bones, low and │ right, no
│ prominent; chin,│ prominent, │ external opening
│ square and not │ making face look│ and all external
│ short; eyebrows,│ square; no hair │ ear except lobe
│ heavy, black; │ on body except │ wanting; eyes,
│ ears, large, │ slight trace in │ good, dark
│ prominent. │ axillæ; ears, │ brown; hands and
│ │ large; chin, │ feet well
│ │ short; mouth, │ formed; breasts
│ │ large, wide, │ well developed;
│ │ corners │ no hair on body.
│ │ drooping; lips, │
│ │ not thick; hands│
│ │ and feet well │
│ │ formed and │
│ │ small; breasts, │
│ │ very flabby and │
│ │ hang down 4½ │
│ │ inches; instep, │
│ │ arched. │
──────────────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────────
INDEX
Aberdeen, 250
Actinolite, 198
_Active_, 40, 68, 245, 252
Acworth cape, 214
Adams, Capt., 3, 59, 229, 239
Admiralty, 3, 85, 90
Admiralty inlet, 56, 115, 121-123
_Advance_, 99, 103
_Advice_, 99
Aivillingmiut, 27, 32, 34, 135-138, 155, 160, 162, 177-180
Akolingmiut, 134, 137
Akpatok island, 76, 113, 120, 187, 211, 286
Akudnairngmiut, 34
Alaska, 132
Albanel, Charles, 82
_Albert_, 59, 60
Alderman Jones sound, 78
Aldrich, Lieut., 107
_Alert_, 106, 107
_Alexander_, 88
Alexander cape, 44, 88
Alpine Triassic, 188
Amadjuak lake, 123, 162, 212
American whalers, 285
Ami, H. M., fossils, 211, 329
_Amphitrite_, 100
Amund Ringes, 226
Anautelik, 167
Anderson, John, 101
Anderson island, 244
Angeakatille, 170
Angekok, 163, 164, 169, 172, 173
Angello, Baptista, 73
Anian strait, 72, 84
Anorthosites, 192
Apatite, 200
Archæan, 115, 127, 184, 186, 190-209, 211-220
Archer, Lieut., 107
Archer fiord, 107, 228
_Arctic_, 70, 251
Arctic circle, 43, 77
Arctic ice—
Smith sound, 45
Cape Sabine, 48
Kennedy channel, 64
drift, 111
Arctic islands, The—
description and geology of, 112-130
Arctic Research—
historical summary of, 71-111
amount expended on, 102
Arctic trout, 11
salmon, 59, 157
Armstrong, Dr., 225, 226, 230
Arsenopyrite, 238
Asbestus, 198
_Assistance_, 99, 100
Atholl cape, 44
Austin, Capt. Horatio, 99, 102
Axel Heiberg island, 114, 129, 226
Bache peninsula, 186
Back, Capt. R. W., 90, 93, 95, 190
Back river, 136
Baffin, William, 77, 78, 103, 249
Baffin bay, 99, 102, 113-121, 185, 186
currents, 290, 291
fisheries, 249, 253, 255, 271
shipping fatalities, 255
Baffin island, 13, 59, 73, 113-116, 120-123
geology, 185-189, 200-203, 211, 233-239, 246
Eskimos, 58, 134, 136
Baird bay, 198
Baker lake, 21
_Balaena_, 60, 258
Banks island, 99, 100, 114
geology, 115, 125, 205, 213, 222, 226
Baring island, 223, 224, 230
Barlow, Dr., 231
Barlow, Capt., 84
Barrow, Sir John, 88
Barrow strait, 54, 113, 114, 128
Bartlett, Capt., 23, 70
Bathurst island, 89, 114, 129
geology, 223-226, 247
Bayly, Charles, 81
Beaches, 189, 206
Beacon island, 26
Bears, 16, 58, 65, 128
Beaumont, Lieut., 107, 108
Beechey, Capt., 92
Beechey island, 2, 51, 52, 103, 221
fossils, 322, 329
Belcher, Capt. Sir Ed., 101, 102
Belcher channel, 110
Bell, Dr. R., 184, 190, 191, 199, 201, 202, 231, 234, 240
Bell island, 18
Belle Isle strait, 6
Bellot strait, 124, 214
Bering sea, 99, 111
strait, 99, 100, 114
Bernier, Capt., 70
Beryl, 198
Bibliography, Appen. V.
Big island, 40, 118, 122, 137
geology, 201, 202
Big seal, 280
Biotite, 209
Bird, Capt. E. J., 99
Birds, 76, 127, Appen. II.
Blaamanden, 227
Blacklead island, 8, 9, 62, 204
Blue crane, 34
Boas, Dr. Franz, 133, 134, 163, 201, 212
_Bonaventure_, 83
Booth, Sir Felix, 92
Boothia peninsula, 124
geology, 205, 213, 214
Borden, Dr., 28, 32, 60
botany, 320
meteorology, Appen. I.
Boring machine, 29
Bornite, 200
Botany, Appen. III.
Boulders, 205, 206, 229, 230
clay, 8, 19, 43
drift, 81
Bourdon, Jean, 82
Bowell island, 21
Bowhead whale, 249
Brainard, Lieut., 227, 228
_Breadalbane_, 100
British whalers, 249, 250
Brooke Cobham (Marble island), 79
Burgomaster gulls, 51
Button, Sir Thomas, 76, 77
Button islands, 7, 76
Button point, 57, 59
Byam Martin channel, 89
island, 114, 223, 224
Bylot, —, 76, 77
Bylot island, 56, 58, 59, 113, 115, 123
geology, 200, 205, 229, 246
Cabot, Sebastian, 72
Cabot strait, 6
Calc-spar, 198
Caldwell, G. F., 29, 31, 191-195, 245, 300
meteorology, 300
Cambrian, 186, 193, 215, 226, 230
Cambridge bay, 99, 102
Cambro-Silurian, 184, 186, 187, 211
Cape Chidley, 6, 70, 76, 139, 211
fossils, 327, 336
Cape Haven, 9, 12, 63
Cape of God’s Mercy, 74
Cape Rawson series, 226, 228
Carboniferous, 115, 125, 126, 128, 184, 188, 221, 222, 225, 246
lower, 213
Caribou, 23, 126, 127, 128, 159
hunting, 27
Carnelian, 206
Cary islands, 78, 88
Carys Swans Nest, 76, 79
Chalcopyrite, 238
Charles island, 14, 38, 113-118, 190, 191, 287
Charleton island, 79
Charting—
Frobisher bay, 104
Jones sound, 110, 111
Chert, 193
Chesterfield inlet, 2, 20, 22, 86, 87, 135, 195-198, 232, 288
Chidley, John, 74
Chippewyan Indians, 133
Chouart, _dit_ Groseilliers, 80, 81
Christianity, 139
Christopher, Capt., 86
Chromic ore, 198
Churchill, 131, 135, 198, 284, 287, 288, 297, 298
Churchill river, 79, 85
Clarence cape, 54
Clarke island, 244
Clay, 59, 188, 228, 288
ironstone, 223, 224
slate, 198, 213
Climate, 126, 188, 253
Clyde river, 120
Coal, 116, 129, 200, 222-228, 240, 247
Coats, Capt. W., 132
Coats island, 17, 68, 76, 113, 119, 120, 187, 190, 211, 287
Coccolite, 198
Cockburn island, 197
Collison, Capt. Richard, 99, 102
Comer, Capt. George, 3, 23, 24, 27, 31, 32, 69, 135, 136, 163
Comfort cape, 77
Conglomerate, 219
Conical island, 43
Constitution cape, 103
Copper, 230, 237-239
pyrite, 199
Coppermine river, 87, 90, 98, 230
Corals, 217, Appen. IV.
Corbets (or Rankin) inlet, 87
Cornwallis island, 28, 89, 114, 128-129
geology, 214, 221-224
Countess of Warwick island, 74
Couture, Sieur de la, 82
Creswell bay, 124
Crew of _Neptune_, xvii.
Crocker bay, 50
mountains, 88, 89
Crossman, M., 29
Cumberland gulf, 8, 62, 63, 74, 121, 122, 137, 204, 245
strait, 200
Cuming creek, 50, 51, 209
Cunningham nord, 77
Currents, 7, 40, 49, 67, 253-255, 288-292, 295
Cyrus Field bay, 11, 64, 200, 204, 205
Dablon, Claude, 82
Danes, 77
Danish expedition, 79
settlement, 104
Dangerous point, 22
D’Argenson, Pierre, 9, 82
Davieau island, 242, 244
Davis, John, 74, 75
Davis strait, 102, 120, 185, 200
currents, 67
tribes on, 134
whaling, 249, 253
Dawson, Dr. G. M., 197, 205, 227, 229
Dease, Peter Warren, 93, 94
Deception bay, 38, 66, 67
Dee, Staff-Sergeant, 69
Deer, 21, 58
hunting, 159, 160
Depot island, 20, 24
De Rance, 214, 216, 225, 226
Desire Provoketh (Akpatok island), 76
Devil’s Thumb island, 42
Devonian, 116, 129, 187, 188, 213, 219, 221, 222
Upper, 220
Diabase, 198, 199, 204, 207, 215, 237, 238
Diallage, 198
_Diana_, 59, 60, 255
Diatoms, 257
D’Iberville, 83
Diers cape, 74
Digges, Sir Dudley, 75
Digges cape, 76, 78
Digges island, 16, 37
Dikes, 193, 197, 207, 237
_Diligence_, 100
_Discovery_, 75, 100, 107
Discovery bay, 108
harbour, 106
Disko island, 41, 88, 109, 207, 227
Dobbs, Arthur, 85, 86, 89
Dogs, 142-145
Dog-sled, 146-148
Dolomite, 185, 193
Dominoe, 6
Douglas, Admiral Sir A. L., 2
Douglas harbour, 14, 38, 65, 191, 194
Drift, 229-231
Driftwood, 290
Ducks, 79, 157
Duck islands, 42
mountains, 231
Duncan, Capt., 87
Dundee, 250
Duquet, Sieur, 82
Durban cape, 200
island, 229
Dutch whaler, 249
_Eclipse_, 59, 255
Economic minerals, 197, 236-247, 296
Eggs, sea fowl, 157, Appen. II.
Eglinton island, 114, 128
Eider ducks, 158
Eifrig, Rev., 314
Ellef Ringnes, 114, 129, 226
Ellesmere island, 47-49, 104, 108, 110-116, 126, 127, 236, 246, 184-189,
207, 215, 222-227, 234, 236, 246
Elliott, Lieut., 100
Emerson, Prof. B. K., 200
_Enterprise_, 99
_Era_, 3, 69, 265-267
_Erebus_, 95, 96, 101
Erebus harbour, 52, 54
Erik cove, 15, 16, 37
harbour, 57, 60, 61, 234
Erratics, 224, 230, 231
Eskimos—
areas inhabited by, 131
Baffin island population, 57, 58
clothes, 177-180
customs, 141, 165-169, 174-177
character, 136, 138, 163, 170, 171, 182, 272
dwellings, 45, 60, 142-145, 153, 154
education, 139, 140
food, 145, 181, 261
history, 66, 73-78, 87, 132, 133
population, 131-141
physical condition, Appen. VI.
religion, 9, 138, 139
Esquimaux cape, 198
Etah, 44, 45
Evans strait, 18, 39, 120
Exeter sound, 74
Exmouth island, 226
Faribault, Dr. G. B., 28, 30
Fauna, 216
Fawckner, William, 100
Feilden, Capt., 214, 216, 227
Feldspar, 190, 195, 201, 204
_Felix_, 99
Fish, 76, 79
Fish river, 98
Fisher, Mr., 285
Fisher bay, 194
Fisheries, 296, 297
_See_ also ‘Whaling and Seals.’
Fisher strait, 39, 120
Flint island, 241
Floeberg beach, 106, 108
Flora, Appen. III.
Fog, 41, 42, 48, 54, 56, 60, 64, 294
Ford, H., 7
Forestry, 296, 297
Forsyth, Capt. C. C., 99
Fort Churchill, 87
Fort Conger, 247
Fort Rupert, 81
Fossils, 51, 186, 187, 201, 210-228, 234, Appen. IV.
plants, 188, 220
wood, 226, 228
Foulke fiord, 104, 208
Fox, Capt. Luke, 79, 80, 284
_Fox_, 101
Fox channel, 16, 67, 79, 86, 89, 119-122, 138, 197, 256
Fox hunting, 151
_Fram_, 71, 110, 129
Franklin, Lady, 96, 99, 100
Franklin, Sir John—
expeditions, 90, 97
memorial, 52, 53
record of death, 125
Franklin Pierce bay, 216
Franklin sound, 107
strait, 125
Frederick, Capt. Charles, 100
French Fur Co., 65
Frenchman cove, 12
Fresh water pools, 257
Frobisher, Sir Martin, 71-74
Frobisher bay, 13, 64, 73-75, 121-123, 200
Fullerton—
_Neptune_ in winter quarters, 25-34
_Neptune’s_ return to, 69
ice in harbour, 292-293
shoals, 26
Fur trade, 296
_Fury_, 56, 89
Fury beach, 69-93
Fury and Hecla strait, 89, 92, 94, 121, 122
Gaasefjord, 218, 219
Gabbro, 198
Galena, 237
Galena-Trenton, 184, 187
Lower, 211
Gales, 43, 56, 60-64, 70, 103-105
Gama, Vasco de, 72
Game, 128, 157
Ganoid scales, 219
Garnet, 192-198, 201, 203, 230, 231
Gasteropods, 216
Geese, 127, 157
Geology, 183-287
Geological Survey of Canada—
work by, in Arctic regions, 341
George river, 140, 191, 192
Gilbert, 21
Gilberts sound, 74
Gillies island, 244
Gillam, Zachariah, 81
_Gjoa_, 53
Glacial striæ, 185, 230-233
Glaciation, 8, 9, 184, 188, 189, 229-235
Glaciers—
Disko island, 41, 42
Parker Snow bay, 43
Ellsmere island, 49
Lancaster sound, 50
North Devon, 51
Erik harbour, 60, 61
other references, 116, 122-128, 236, 253, 254
Gneiss, 8, 12, 17, 43, 115, 190-208
Godhaab, 74
Gods Mercies island, 76
Gold, 73, 77, 197, 237
Goldener’s Patent, 52, 97
Goodsir, Dr. R. A., 99, 259
Gordon, Commander, 7, 285
Gore, Lieut. Graham, 97
Graham Moore cape, 57
Grain shipment, suggested route, 283, 298
Granite, 185-298
Cumberland gulf, 8
Frenchman cove, 12
Cyrus Field bay, 12
Seahorse point, 17
Salisbury island, 67
Granite cape, 297
Graphite, 190-204, 243, 245
Gravel, 188, 288
Gray strait, 7
Great Bear lake, 92
Great Fish river, 93, 94, 101
Great Slave lake, 87, 91, 93
Greely, Capt. A. W., 108, 113, 227, 228, 247
Greene, Henry, 76
Greenland, 74, 75, 77, 109, 110
Greenland whale, 249, 258
Greenstone, 197, 204
Grenville series, 190, 202
Griffin, S. P., 99
Grinnell, Henry, 103
Grinnell glacier, 14, 122
land, 227, 228
peninsula, 127, 222
_Griper_, 88, 94
Gripper shoal, 14
Guelph, 211
Guy, Capt., 3
Gypsum, 212
Halifax, 4, 5, 70
Halkett, Andrew, 314
Hall, Charles F., 104, 105, 200, 202, 251
Hall, James, 77
Hall island, 13, 73
Harbour seal, 278-279
Hares, 125-128
Harp seal, 279, 280
Haughton, Prof., 213, 222-224, 30
Hawkes cape, 104
Haven, Lieut D., 99
Havnefjord, 17
Hayes, Dr. I. I., 103, 104
Hearne, Samuel, 85, 87, 133
_Hecla_, 89
Heer, Prof., 226, 227
Hell Gate, 218
Hematite, 223, 224
_Herald_, 99
Herbert island, 44
Herschel cape, 47, 48, 208
Historical Summary of Arctic Research, 71-111
Home bay, 121
Hood, Lieut., 96
Hooded seal, 280
Hope cape, 86
Hopes Advance bay, 193
cape, 194
Hopes Checked, 76
_Hopewell_, 75
Hoppner, Capt., 89
Hornblende, 195, 201
Horn sound, 78
Horsbury cape, 50
Hudson, Henry, 75, 76, 82, 284
Hudson’s Bay Co.—
fisheries, 85, 251, 274
Franklin expeditions, 99-101
history, 80-87, 92
posts, 6, 83, 91
surveys, 93, 94
trading, 284, 285, 296
Hudson bay—
depths, 67, 288
Eskimos, 134, 135
fisheries, 249, 251, 256, 271, 274, 281
geology, 185-211
history, 79-84, 90, 284
islands, 113, 117, 119
iron, 239, 240
ice, 39, 285
navigation (bay and strait) 283-298
policing, 3
resources, 296
trade, 296
Hudson Bay and strait—
climate, 297
currents, 73, 288-290
explorations, 73-89
fisheries, 259, 296, 297
glaciation, 231
ice, 39, 292, 293
minerals, 237
navigation, 283-298
Hudson strait—
Eskimos, 134
ice, 37, 40, 285, 292
navigation, 285, 286
tides, 13
whaling, 252
Humboldt glacier, 101, 103, 230
Huronian, 184-208, 215, 236-238
Hutchen’s goose, 34
Hyalrosfjord, 217
Ice—
Bylot island, 57
Coats island, 36
Cumberland gulf, 61-63
Fox channel, 67-69, 256
Fullerton and Port Burwell, 39, 40
Fury and Hecla strait, 89
Hudson strait, 37, 40, 285, 292
Ponds inlet, 59
Resolution island, 94
Sabine cape, 45, 47
Smith sound, 48, 49
Southampton island, 94
Whale point, 59
formation, 292, 294
movement, 254, 255
middle pack, 75, 78, 254, 258, 291
Icy cape, 201
Iglulingmiut, 135, 136, 160
Indians, 87, 296
Indra Eide, 218
Inglefield, Capt. E. A., 100, 102
Inglefield gulf, 44
Interpreter, 6
_Intrepid_, 100
_Investigator_, 99
Iron ore, 156, 192, 198, 238-245
Iroquois, 82, 132, 133
_Isabel_, 100, 102
_Isabella_, 88
Isacksen, 110
Island bay, 196
Itivimiut, 134
Jackson, Capt., 11, 63
Jaegar, 34
James, Capt., 79, 80, 284
Jameson, Prof., 197, 198
James bay, 188, 292
Jenkins, Commander, 100
_Jesuits, Relations of_, 82
Jones cape, 131
sound, 88, 103, 111
Joy island, 65
Juet, Robert, 76
Kane, Dr. Elisha Kent, 101, 103
Kane basin, 103, 105
Kaxodliun, 204
Kedlingmiut, 134
Kekerten harbour, 10, 11, 204
Kellett, Capt. Henry, 99, 102
Kelsey, Henry, 84
Kendall, Lieut., 92
Kendall cape, 33
Kenipitumiut, 27, 135, 136, 155, 159, 162-180
Kennedy, William, 100
Kennedy channel, 103, 108
King, C. F., 2, 30
meteorology, 300
King, John, 76
Kingaite, 200
King cape, 122
King Charles cape, 137
King Charles His Promontory, 79
King Christian island, 114, 129
King George sound, 65
King Oscar island, 226
King William island, 98, 114, 124, 125, 205, 213
Kittoktangmiut, 134
Knight, Capt., 75, 84
Knight, James, 251
Kobbebugten, 217
Koguangmiut, 134
Koksoak river, 274
Koning, 200
Kuamangmiut, 134
Kyaks, 154-156
Labrador Eskimos, 131-135, 138
_Lady Franklin_, 99
Lady Franklin island, 13
Lake harbour, 68, 236, 245
Lakes, 123, 201
Lake Superior, 193, 240, 243, 245
Lambe, Lawrence M., 211
on Corals, Appen. IV.
Lancaster sound, 50, 88, 93-101
L’Anglois, Jean, 82
Laurentian, 184, 186, 197-209, 236, 237, 246
Leopold, Capt. Francis, 100
Leopold island, 54
Liddon, Lieut. M., 88
Lignite, 188, 226-228, 246
Lockwood, Lieut., 108, 109
_Lord Weston’s Portland_, 79
Low, A. P., viii., ix., xvii.
Lower Heidelberg formation, 211
Lyon, Capt. G. F., 18, 89
Lumlie inlet, 74
McCulloch, Dr., 200
Mackenzie river, 90, 92, 93, 99
McClintock, Admiral Sir F. L., 53, 96, 98, 101, 102, 206, 214, 223, 226
McClure, Sir R., 99, 102, 223, 226
McClure strait, 129
McCormick, Dr. R., 100
McCormick bay, 44
Macoun, Prof. J., 314
Macoun, J. M., 320
McTavish island, 242, 244
_Magna Britannia_, 76
Magnetic Pole, 93, 124
Magnetic iron ore, 198-201, 238
Maguire, Capt. Rochfort, 100
Manitoba, 186, 231
Mansfield island, 36, 37, 69, 77, 113, 187
Mansell island, 77
Marble island, 79, 84, 85
quartzites, 198, 199
Marine shells, 222
terraces, 189, 234-236
Markham, Commander, 107
Matty island, 213
Melville bay, 42, 88, 105
channel, 89
island, 89, 100, 114, 128, 223, 224, 236, 246
peninsula, 197, 211
Mesozoic, 116, 117, 130, 184, 188, 226
_Meta Incognita_, 73
Meteorological stations, 108, 285
Meteorology, Appen. I.
Mica, 69, 83, 160, 201, 204, 236, 245, 252, 296
Middleton, Capt., 85, 86, 89
Mill islands, 67
Milne, Capt., 3, 59
Miocene, 188, 226, 227
Tertiary, 126, 128
Mission work, 9
Molybdenite, 198, 246
Montreal island, 98, 101
Monumental island, 13
Moodie, Major J. D., 3, 8, 25, 41, 70
_Moonshine_, 74
Moore, Capt. Thomas, 98
Moravian missionaries, 138, 139
Morton, William, 103
Mudflats, 11
Munck, Jens, 79, 235
Murray, Capt., 3, 68
Muscovy Company of London, 72, 75, 79
Musk oxen, 58, 126, 127, 128
Nachvak bay, 6
_Nancy Dawson_, 99
Nansen, 109
Nares, Capt. G., 106, 107, 109
Narwhals, 275, 276
Nastapoka islands—
iron ores, 240, 254
Nastapoka river, 245
Nathorst, Prof., 220
Navigation—
Hudson bay, 16-24, 35-37, 283-296
strait, 13-16, 37-40, 283-296
Lancaster sound, 50
Melville bay, 45
Ponds inlet, 57
Port Burwell to Cumberland gulf, 8-13
Port Burwell to Fullerton, 64-69
Port Leopold, 54
Smith sound, 44
Navy Board inlet, 120
Nechilliks, 135, 136, 138, 160, 164
Nelson river, 76, 84
_Neptune_, officers and crew, xvii.
description, 3-5
mishap off Cape Herschel, 47
recall, 70
summer cruise, 35-70
winter quarters, 25-34
voyage north, 524
Netilling lake, 123
Newfoundland seal fishery, 291
Niagara, 211, 221
_Nimrod_, 251
Noble, Mr., 10, 11
Norman Lockyer island, 216
North Devon, 50, 51, 89, 114, 115, 127, 207, 208, 220, 222
North Pole, 126
North Omenak, native caches, 103
North Somerset island, 89, 114, 124, 205, 214
_North Star_, 99, 100
Northumberland island, 44
North-West Company, 87, 90, 92
grain fields, 283, 284
Passage, 75, 86, 88, 89
North-West Mounted Police, List of, xvii.
Norton, Mr., 86, 87
Norway, 273
Norwegian expedition, 53, 129
Nottingham island, 113-119, 137, 190, 191
Nugumiut, 134, 136
Nuliayok, 167, 168, 169, 172
Nuvungmiut, 134
Nye Hernhut, 74
Observation stations, 108, 285
O’Connel, James, 29
Officers of _Neptune_, xvii.
Okomingmiut, 134
Okommiut, 134
Ommaney, Capt., 99
Osborn, Lieut. Sherard, 100
Ouhowjawtil, 190
Padlimiut, 135, 160
Palaeozoic, 115, 116, 126, 184, 188, 221
Paleocrystic ice, 106
Parker Snow bay, 43
Parr, Lieut., 107
Parry, Sir W. E., 88-90, 129, 136, 190, 197, 211, 214, 224, 246
Parry cape, 44, 103
Parry islands, 114-116, 129, 184, 226, 246
Payer harbour, 45
Payne river, 193
Peabody, George, 103
Peary, Lieut. R. E., 45, 46, 109, 110, 113
expedition, 201
Peck, Rev. J., 3, 9, 62, 65, 137, 163
Peel sound, 101, 124
Pegmatite, 190, 192, 195
Penny, William, 99
_Perseverance_, 251
Perthite, 205
Petiwik glacier, 43
Philpot island, 50, 208
_Phœnix_, 100
Pilot, 57, 65
Pioneer, 100
Plants, 51, 60, Appen. III.
_Plover_, 98, 100
_Polaris_, 104, 105, 230
Police, North-West Mounted, xvii.
Ponds inlet, 57, 117, 121
Porphyry, 198
Porpoises, 274-276
Port Burwell, 6, 8, 38, 41, 64
Port de Boucherville, 191
Port Logan, 213
Port Leopold, 54-56
Post-Glacial, 184
Post-Tertiary, 229-234
Potter and Wrightington, Messrs, 12
Préfontaine, Hon. Raymond, 4
cape, 36
Pricket, Abacuk, 76
_Prince Albert_, 99, 100
Prince Arthur island, 100
Prince Henry, 77
Prince of Wales island, 114, 125, 205, 207, 214
Prince Patrick island, 114, 129, 226
Prince Regent inlet, 56, 120-124
Princess Royal island, 223, 230
Promise island, 21, 24
_Proteus_, 108, 109
Pukimma, 168
Pullen, Capt. W. J. S., 99, 100
Pyrite, 31, 190-204, 238
Quartzite, 198, 199
Quartz, smoky, 190
Queen Elizabeth, 72
foreland, 73
Radisson, 80, 81
Rae, Dr. John, 94, 98-99, 100, 102, 197, 213, 237, 251
Ranken inlet, 135
Red phalarope, 34
Reefs and shoals—
Cyrus Field bay, 12, 13
Fox channel, 256
Fullerton, 26
Kendall cape, 34
Winchester inlet, 19
Regent inlet, 93, 100, 102
Rendalen, 217
Rensselaer bay, 103
Repulse bay, 68, 85, 89, 100, 105, 107, 138
_Reserve_, 99
_Resolute_, 99, 100
Resolution island, 13, 75, 95, 113, 118, 190, 191
Revillon Fur Co., 284, 296
Rhomb-spar, 198
Richardson, Sir John, 98, 101
Richardson, Dr., 90, 92
Right whale, 123, 246, 249
Ringed seal, 279
Robeson channel, 107
Rock crystal, 198
Rocky mountains, 92
Roes Welcome, 26, 33, 79
Ross, Capt. Sir James Clark, 93, 99, 213
Ross, Rear Admiral Sir John, 88, 90-93, 99
Ross, Mr., 30
Rosse bay, 47
Rupert river, 81
Ryswick, Treaty of, 83
Sabine cape, 45, 208
Sabine’s gull, 34
Saddle-back islands, 14
Sagdlingmiut, 138
Saguenay river, 82
St. Paul island, 6
Salisburies Foreland, 76
Salisbury island, 66, 113-119, 190, 191
Salmon, 59, 140
Salmon river, 203
Sandstone, 185, 193, 206-227
Saskatchewan river, 84, 87
Saunders, James, 99
Sausserite, 238
Scenery, 6, 41, 56, 57, 127, 202
Schel, P., 184, 186, 189, 214-226, 234, 235
Schuebert, C., 201
Scoresby, Capt., 88
Scott inlet, 121
Scotty, 21
Scroggs, John, 84
Scurvy, 107, 108
_Seaford_, 83
Seahorse point, 16, 17, 77
Seal river, 198
Seals, 44, 51, 149-152, 157, 278-280
Sedlingmiut, 134
Sedna, 167
Serpentine, 198
Shannuktungmiut, 135, 136
Shedden, Robert, 99
Sherard Osborne fiord, 107
Shoals. _See also_ ‘Reefs’—
Cape Haven, 12
Chesterfield inlet, 21, 288
Hudson bay, 288
Wakeham bay, 64
Sikosilingmiut, 134, 137, 160
Sillimans Fossil Mount, 201, 212
Silurian, 115, 120-128, 187, 190, 201, 206, 210-221
Lower, 200, 216
Middle, 217, 220
Upper, 216, 217, 222
Silver, 237
Simpson, Thomas, 93, 94
Sinimiut, 136
Sir James Lancaster sound, 78
Sir Thomas Roes Welcome. _See_ ‘Roes Welcome.’
Skrabdalen, 218, 219
Slate, 228
Smith, Sir Thomas, 78
Smith sound, 88, 101-110, 185
Snow goose, 34
Snow-houses, 142-144
Soapstone, 144, 145
_Sophia_, 99
Southampton island, 16, 33, 34, 77, 79, 86, 113, 115, 119, 187, 190, 210,
211
fossils, 325, 331, 335
Sovereign Council of Quebec, 82
Specular iron, 193, 198
Spicer harbour, 137
Spring explorations, 30, 31
Stein expedition, 46
Stephenson, Capt., 106
Stewart, Rev., 139
Stewart, Alex., 99
_Strom_, 65
Sugluk bay, 66, 194
Sulphides, 194
_Sunshine_, 74
Surveys, 48, 51, 66, 92, 93, 94, 107, 195
Sutherland, Dr. P. C., 200, 207, 208
Sverdrup, Capt., 71, 110-113, 128, 214, 215
islands, 114, 116, 129, 184, 188
Swan, whistling, 34
Syenite, 191
_Talbot_, 100
Talus, 233
Taylor island, 244
Tern, Arctic, 34
_Terror_, 95, 96, 101
Tertiary, 116, 117, 184, 185, 226-229, 246, 247
Tides—
Blacklead, 62, 63
Chesterfield inlet, 22
Cyrus Field bay, 13
Deception bay, 66
Hudson strait, 13, 40, 74
Wolstenholme cape, 67
Ungava bay, 7
Tom island, 18
Tourmaline, 198
Trading returns—
Cumberland gulf, 63, 64, 68
Repulse bay, 68
Transition valley, 206
Trap, 185, 194-208
Tree limit, 135
Trees, 125, 126
Tremolite, 198
Trilobites, 216
Troyes, Chevalier, 83
Tunungmiut, 134
Tunurusungmiut, 134
Tyrrell, J. B., 31, 190, 198, 231, 232, 237, 238
Ungava bay—
fishery, 274
geology, 191-193
graphite, 245
iron ores, 239
tides, 7
United States expeditions, 102
mountains, 126
_United States_, 104
Upernivik, 42, 104, 108
Utrecht, Treaty of, 83, 84, 285
Vallière, Druillette de, 82
Van Hise, 243
Vaughan, Capt., 84
_Vega_, 225
Vegetation, 12, 33-37, 51, 52, 58, 60, 123, 128, 202, 227
Victoria island, 99, 114, 205, 213, 222
_Victory_, 92, 93
Vœux, Charles des, 97
Wager inlet, 85, 197, 237
Wakeham, Commander, 285
Wakeham bay, 64, 194
Walker cape, 89
Walrus, 44, 51, 58, 65, 78, 128
description of, 280-282
hunt, 14, 15
Walrus island, 18
Walsingham cape, 74, 75
Warwicks foreland, 74
Weggs cape, 14, 65
Wellington channel, 97, 100
Weymouth, George, 75
_Whalebone_, 84
Whales, 11, 124
general description of, 256-261
whalebone, 249, 260
Whaling, 248-278
statistics of catch, 272
of British fleet, 277
of American, 277, 278
stations, 8-12, 32, 58, 78, 136-138, 160, 271
Whale point, 32, 196, 232
river, 237
sound, 44
White sea, 284
Wittersted lake, 214
Winnipeg basin, 187, 188, 210
lake, 87
Winter island, 89
Winchester inlet, 19, 20, 31, 195, 196
Wind register, 43
_Windward_, 46, 55
Wollaston islands, 56
Wolstenholme, Sir John, 75
Wolstenholme cape, 66, 190, 192, 245
Wolstenholm island, 44
sound, 99
York cape, 42, 88, 104
Factory, 90, 94
Zircon, 198
TRANSCRIBER NOTES
Mis-spelled words and printer errors have been fixed.
Old style spellings for such words as _kyak_ and _iglo_ as well as older
forms of geological and metallurgical terms have been left as is.
Inconsistency in hyphenation has been retained.
Illustrations have been relocated due to using a non-page layout.
Some photographs have been enhanced to be more legible.
Appendix I and IV were in landscape mode, and have been reformatted to
be usable in this eBook form.
[The end of _Report on the Dominion Government Expedition to Hudson Bay
and The Arctic Islands On Board the D. G. S. Neptune [The Cruise of the
Neptune]_ by A. P. Low]