army of 50,000 men in the country, with Land Bills, Coercion Bills,
Proclamations, new magisterial boards, the island parcelled out into
military districts, spies, informers, and all the endless appliances of a
Liberal Government in full operation."
See, too, what Mr. Justice O'Hagan said in his judgment on the Stacpoole
leases. It is not very easy to reconcile these four unassailable
statements of facts with the smooth optimism of the ex-Lord Chancellor,
although without question the "Conquests" enumerated by him have been, as
he says, won. The truth is that these specialist statistics are no more a
real index of the condition of the country than a brick is an index of the
quality of a house. There is no use in attempting to deny that
England--both when meaning well and meaning ill--has kept Ireland in a
deplorable condition.
[111] Concerning this debate "Pepys' Diary," vol. iv., p. 109,
records--1666--October 8th:--"The House did this day order to be engrossed
the Bill against importing Irish Cattle--a thing, it seems, carried on by
the Western Parliament men wholly against the sense of most of the rest of
the House; who think if you do this you give the Irish again cause to
rebel. Thus plenty on both sides makes us mad."
P. 135--1666. October 27th:--"Thence to talk about publique business; he
[Lord Belassis] tells me how the two Houses begun to lie troublesome, the
Lords to have quarrels one with another. My Lord Duke of Buckingham having
said to the Lord Chancellor (who is against the passing of the Bill for
prohibiting the bringing over of Irish cattle) that whoever was against
the Bill was there led to it by an Irish interest or an Irish
understanding, which is as much as to say he is a foole. This bred heat
from my Lord Chancellor, and something he [Buckingham] said did offend my
Lord of Ossory (my Lord Duke of Ormonde's son), and they two had hard
words, upon which the latter sends a challenge to the former; of which the
former complains to the House, and so the business is to be heard on
Monday." Clarendon and Carte attribute cowardice to Buckingham in the
matter. Both he and Ossory were sent to the Tower. The Bill, as noticed
above, was subsequently passed.
[112] "Life of Ormond," vol. iv., p. 234, &c.
[113] Ten years later Dublin sent out a cargo of provisions valued at L937
13_s._ to New England, and the benevolence was gratefully and gracefully
commemorated in 1880 by Captain Potter, of the _Constellation_, when he
brought over America's consignment to our famishing agriculturists, and
received the honorary freedom of our city. It may be noted, too, that ten
years before the contribution to London, Dublin sent a relief amounting to
L1,000 to the Waldenses, when suffering from the persecution of the Duke
of Savoy. The last-named collection was made by a Cromwellian Fellow of
Trinity College, the Rev. Samuel Mather, an excellent man, who on the
Restoration was thrown into a Dublin prison, probably the "Black Dog," for
declining to sign the Act of Uniformity. The New England collection was
made by his brother, the Rev. Nathaniel Mather, Minister of the New-row
Meeting-house. The collection for London was made by the Duke of Ormond.
[114] This encouragement of the linen trade here proved a hypocrisy and
imposture. The linen trade was never an equivalent for the wool trade.
[115] Excepting, perhaps, Poyning's Act, and the Act of Union, this was
the most disgraceful Act ever passed by an Irish Parliament.
[116] See page lxx, note, and 35.
[117] See page lxx, note, and 43.
[118] It was on the Army Augmentation Bill that Hutchinson made one of his
early "strides in apostasy." It was on this occasion also that Ireland was
for the first time called upon to contribute to England's war expenses.
She passed a vote of credit for L200,000. See pages 44, 46.
[119] The condition of the people would thus seem to have declined from
what it was a century before. In 1672, Petty stated in his "Political
Anatomy," that the drink of the Irish people was milk, and in winter small
beer or water; and that their food was bread made into cakes, with eggs
and rancid butter, and with muscles, cockles, and oysters, on the
sea-shore parts.
[120] There are also several inaccuracies in the printed edition, which
are reproduced as they stand. _E.g._, in page 81 "between L12,000 and
L13,000" is set down as an increase on L1,100,000; and Petty's "Survey" is
throughout put for his Political Anatomy. In the note to page 127 the
literal misprints in the Greek quotation are corrected. The line is given
"as Homer quoted by Longinus," and as if it were a Homeric line, but it is
not a hexameter at all. The quotation joins the beginning of one line to a
portion of another, and it is needless to say that the break was duly
notified by Longinus, though apparently it was not perceived by the
Provost.
The passage occurs in the 17th book of the Odyssey, V.V. 323-3:--
[Greek: "Hemisu gar t aretes apoainutai euruopa Zeus
Aneros, eut an min kata doulion emar helesin."]
Rendered by Pope,
"Jove fix'd it certain, that whatever day
Makes man a slave, takes half his worth away."
[121] See _Freeman's Journal_, Nov. 3 and Nov. 24, 1881.
[122] _Querist_, 134.
[123] On account of the inability of Ireland, Great Britain, since
Christmas, 1778, relieved her from the burden of paying forces abroad.
[124] A sum of L50,000 has been lately sent from England for that purpose.
[125] By a Proclamation, dated the 3rd of February, 1776, on all ships and
vessels laden in any of the ports in this kingdom with provisions of any
kind, but not to extend to ships carrying salted beef, pork, butter and
bacon into Great Britain or provisions to any part of the British empire
except the Colonies mentioned in the said Proclamation. 4th of January,
1779, taken off as far as it relates to ships carrying provisions to any
of the ports of Europe.
[126] Its tranquillity was so well established in 1611, that King James
reduced his army in Ireland to 176 horse and 1,450 foot; additional judges
were appointed, circuits established throughout the kingdom (2nd Cox, 17);
and Sir John Davis observes that no nation under the sun loves equal and
indifferent justice better than the Irish (Davis, pp. 184-196).
[127] 13 Jac., ch. 1.
[128] Vol. i. Com. Journ., p. 92.
[129] Vol. i. Com. Journ., p. 61.
[130] Ib., p. 88.
[131] 1 Davis, pp. 1, 193, 194.
[132] Cox's Hist. of Ireland, vol. ii., p. 91.
[133] Ib. Some of these subsidies, from the subsequent times of confusion,
were not raised.
[134] Cox, vol. ii., p. 33.
[135] Leland's Hist. of Ireland, vol. iii., p. 31.
[136] Lord Strafford's Letters, vol. ii., p. 297.
[137] Ir. Com. Journ., vol. i., pp. 228-229.
[138] Lord Clarendon, Cox, ib., Ir. Com. Journ., vol. ii., pp. 280, 311.
[139] Archbishop King in his State of the Protestants of Ireland, pp. 52,
53, 445, 446; Lord Chief Justice Keating's Address to James the Second,
and his Letters to Sir John Temple. Ib.
The prohibition of the exportation of our cattle to England, though a
great, was but a temporary distress; and in its consequences greatly
promoted the general welfare of this country.
[140] Lord Sydney's words, in his speech from the throne in 1692, from his
own former knowledge of this country. Ir. Com. Journ., vol. ii., p. 577.
[141] Carte, vol. ii., pp. 342, 344.
[142] Lord Strafford laid the foundation of the linen manufacture in
Ireland, but the troubles which soon after broke out had entirely stopped
the progress of it.
[143] Harris's Life of K. W., 116.
[144] The words of Lord Sydney, in his speech from the throne in 1692.
Com. Journ., vol. ii., p. 576.
[145] Ir. Com. Journ., vol. iii., pp. 45 and 65, that great supplies were
given during this period.
[146] Dobbs, pp. 5, 6, 7, 19.
[147] Com. Journ., vol. iii., p. 45.
[148] Ir. Com. Journ., vol. iii., pp. 65, 66.
[149] Com. Journ., vol. iii., p. 149.
[150] Ib. p. 195.
[151] Ir. Com. Journ., vol. iii., pp. 207, 208.
[152] Com. Journ., vol. iii., p. 210.
[153] Ib., pp. 79, 94.
[154] Com. Journ., vol. iii., p. 298.
[155] Ib., pp. 225, 266.
[156] Ib., pp. 253, 258.
[157] Ib., pp. 364, 368, 369.
[158] Ib., p. 573.
[159] Com. Journ., vol. iii., p. 827.
[160] Ib., p. 929.
[161] Ib., p. 876.
[162] In the same session an act was made for the advancement of the linen
manufacture, which shows that both kingdoms then thought (for these laws
came to us through England) that each of these manufactures was to be
encouraged in Ireland.
[163] Ir. Com. Journ., vol. ii., p. 725.
[164] Ib., p. 733.
[165] The sums paid on the exportation of Irish linens from Great Britain,
at a medium of twenty-nine years, from 1743 to 1773, amount to something
under L10,000 yearly.--Ir. Com. Journ., vol. xvi., p. 374, the account
returned from the Inspector-General's Office in Great Britain.
[166] Com. Journ., vol. iv., p. 249.
[167] Ib., p. 296.
[168] Ib., p. 335.
[169] Com. Journ., vol. iv., pp. 694, 700, 701.
[170] Ir. Com. Journ., vol. iv., p. 694.
[171] Ib., p. 720.
[172] Ib., p. 832.
[173] It is not here intended to enter into the question, whether in
different circumstances a national bank might not be useful to Ireland.
[174] Com. Journ., vol. v., p. 12.
[175] Ib., p. 102.
[176] It was then L77,261 6_s._ 7_d._ Vol. iv., p. 778.
[177] Com. Journ., vol. iv., p. 108.
[178] Ib., p. 16.
[179] Com. Journ., vol. iv., p. 136.
[180] At midsummer, 1725, it amounted to L119,215 5_s._ 3-5/8_d._ Vol. v.,
Com. Journ., pp. 282, 295, 434, 435, 642.
[181] Com. Journ., vol. v., pp. 732, 755.
[182] Duke of Dorset's speech from the throne. Com. Journ., vol. vi., p.
12.
[183] Com. Journ., vol. vi., p. 143.
[184] Ib., vol. vi., p. 189.
[185] Com. Journ., vol. v., pp. 214, 220, 222.
[186] The act entitled an act for better regulation of partnerships and to
encourage the trade and manufactures of this kingdom has not a word
relative to the latter part of the title.
[187] Com. Journ., vol. vi., p. 694; ib., vol. vii., p. 742.
[188] The sum remaining due on the loans at Lady-day, 1753, was L85,585
0_s._ 9-1/2_d._ The whole credit of the nation to that day was L332,747
19_s._ 1-1/8_d._, and deducting the sums due on the loans amounted to
L247,162 18_s._ 3-1/8_d._ Com. Journ., vol. ix. pp. 3, 349, 352.
[189] Com. Journ., vol. iv., p. 195.
[190] Com. Journ., vol. vi., p. 289.
[191] Ib., vol. ix., p. 352.
[192] Ib., p. 332.
[193] Com. Journ., vol. x., p. 751.
[194] Ib., vol. ix., p. 818.
[195] Ib., pp. 819, 829, 846, 865.
[196] March 6, 1754, Thomas Dillon and Richard Ferral, failed. 3rd March,
1755, William Lennox and George French. Same day, John Wilcocks and John
Dawson.
[197] There was then no bankruptcy law in Ireland.
[198] Com. Journ., vol. x., p. 751.
[199] Ib., p. 16, speech from the throne, and ib., p. 25, address from the
House of Commons to the king.
[200] Ib., p. 25. Address from the House of Commons to the king.
[201] Com. Journ., vol. x., p. 25.
[202] They brought in a law for the encouragement of tillage, which was
ineffectual (see post 42); but the preamble of that Act is a legislative
proof of the unhappy condition of the poor of this country before that
time. The preamble recites, "the _extreme_ necessity to which the poor of
this kingdom had been too frequently reduced for want of provisions."
[203] Com. Journ., vol. x., p. 285.
[204] Com. Journ. vol. xi., p. 472. Speaker's speech.
[205] Ib., p. 16.
[206] The Acts passed in '58, giving bounties on the land carriage of
corn, and on coals brought to Dublin.
[207] Com. Journ., vol. xi., p. 212.
[208] Ib., from 826 to 837.
[209] Ib., vol. xi., p. 141.
[210] Ib., p. 408.
[211] Ib., p. 473.
[212] Ib., p. 862.
[213] Ib.
[214] Ib., p. 982, from 25th March, '59, to 21st of April, '60, exclusive.
[215] Clement's, Dawson's, and Mitchell's.
[216] Com. Journ., vol. xi., p. 966, April 15, 1760.
[217] Com. Journ., vol. xi., pp. 993, 994.
[218] Ib., p. 1049.
[219] Brought in by Mr. Pery the present Speaker.
[220] In the year ending Lady-Day, 1778, it amounted to L71,533 1_s._, and
in that ending Lady-Day, 1779, to L67,864 8_s._ 10_d._
[221] Com. Journ., vol. xii, p. 700.
[222] Ib. p. 728.
[223] Ib., p. 443.
[224] Ib. p. 929. Speech of Lord Hallifax from the throne, 30th April,
1762.
[225] Ir. Com. Journ., vol. xiii., p. 21.
[226] Com. Journ., vol. xiii., p. 23.
[227] For a year ending 25th March, 1763, they were L66,477 5_s._; they
afterwards rose to L89,095 17_s._ 6_d._ in September, 1777, at the
highest; and in this year, ending the 25th March last, amounted to L85,971
2_s._ 6_d._
[228] Com. Journ. vol. xiii., p. 576.
[229] Ib. pp. 574, 621.
[230] Com. Journ., vol. xiv., p. 715.
[231] Com. Journ., vol. xv., p. 710.
[232] Ib., p. 153.
[233] Ib., vol. xvi., p. 372.
[234] Ib., pp. 190, 191, 193.
[235] Ib., p. 256.
[236] Com. Journ., vol. xii., p. 928.
[237] Ib., vol. xiii., p. 987.
[238] Ib., vol. xiv., pp. 69, 114, 151.
[239] Com. Journ., vol. xiv., p. 665.
[240] Com. Journ., vol. xiv., p. 467, report from committee, and ib., p.
501, agreed to by the House, _nem. con._
[241] Carte, vol. ii., pp. 318, 319.
[242] Sir W. Petty's "Political Survey," pp. 69, 70. Sir W. Temple, vol.
iii., pp. 22, 23.
[243] By several British acts (32 G. 2, ch. 11; 5 G. 3, ch. 10; 12 G. 3,
ch. 56), allowing from time to time the free importation of all sorts of
cattle from Ireland.
[244] Personal prejudice against the Duke of Ormond (Carte, vol. ii., pp.
332, 337.)
[245] 15 Ch. 2, ch. 7. 18 Ch. 2, ch. 2.
[246] Carte, vol. ii., p. 332.
[247] Com. Journ., vol. i., p. 208, by a clause to be inserted in an Irish
act.
[248] See post, those acts stated.
[249] Com. Journ., vol. ii., p. 576.
[250] English acts, 12 Ch. 2, ch. 32, 13 and 14. Ch. 2, ch. 18.
[251] 1 W., and M. ch. 32.
[252] 7 and 8 W., ch. 28.
[253] 14th Jan., 1697.
[254] 7th July, 1698, dissolved.
[255] In a pamphlet cited by Dr. Smith (vol. ii., p. 244, in his memoirs
of wool) it is said that the total value of those manufactures exported in
1697, was L23,614 9_s._ 6_d._, namely, in friezes and stockings, L14,625
12_s._; in old and new draperies, L8,988 17_s._ 6_d._; and that though the
Irish had been every year increasing, yet they had not recovered above
one-third of the woollen trade which they had before the war (ib. 243).
The value in 1687, according to the same authority, was L70,521 14_s._; of
which the friezes were L56,485 16_s._; stockings, L2,520 18_s._; and old
and new drapery (which it is there said could alone interfere with the
English trade), L11,514 10_s._
[256] Preamble of English act of 1699.
[257] 9th June, 1698, vol. of Lords' Journals, p. 314.
[258] Lords' Journ., p. 315.
[259] 30th June, 1698.
[260] 16th July, 1698.
[261] Rapin's Hist., vol. xvii., p. 417.
[262] 27th September, 1698, vol. ii., p. 994.
[263] Com. Journ., vol. ii., p. 997.
[264] Ib., vol. ii., p. 1022.
[265] October 24, 1698.
[266] Com. Journ., vol. ii., pp. 1007, 1035.
[267] Com. Journ., p. 1032.
[268] Ib., vol. ii., p. 1082.
[269] Com. Journ., vol. ii., p. 1007.
[270] Ib., 1104, by 105 against 41.
[271] 10 W. 3, ch. 5.
[272] And. on Com. Journ., vol. i., 204.
[273] The Commissioners of Trade in England, by their representation of
the 11th October, 1698, say (Eng. Com. Journ., vol. xii., p. 437), "they
conceive it not necessary to make any alteration whatsoever in this Act,"
but take notice that the duties on broadcloth, of which very little is
made in Ireland, is 20 per cent.; but the duty on new drapery, of which
much is made, is but 10 per cent.
[274] Eng. Stat., 10 and 11 William III., ch. 10, passed in 1699.
[275] 12 Ch. II. ch. 4, Eng., and afterwards continued by 11 Geo. I., ch.
7. Brit.
[276] By an Eng. Act, made in 1663, the same which laid the first
restraint on the exportation of cattle.
[277] See the Address of the English House of Lords.
[278] Potatoes and milk, or more frequently water.
[279] Dr. Smith's "Wealth of Nations," vol. i., p. 94.
[280] Ib., pp. 85, 86.
[281] Dr. Smith's "Wealth of Nations," vol. i., p. 445; Dr. Campbell's
"Polit. Survey of Great Britain," vol. ii., p. 159; Anderson on
"Industry."
[282] Smith, ib.
[283] Sir W. Petty's "Political Survey of Ireland," p. 90.
[284] Smith's "Wealth of Nations," vol. i., p. 446.
[285] Ib.
[286] Lord Strafford's Letters, vol. i., p. 33.
[287] Smith's "Wealth of Nations," vol. i., p. 445.
[288] Sir M. Decker's "Decline of Foreign Trade," p. 155, and Anderson on
"Commerce," vol. ii., p. 149.
[289] Compare the circumstances of the two countries in one of those
articles which affects all the rest. The sums raised in Great Britain in
time of peace are said to amount to ten millions, in Ireland to more than
one million yearly. The circulating cash of the former is estimated at
twenty-three millions, of the latter at two.
[290] See post 81.
[291] Essay on the "Trade of Ireland," pp. 6, 7.
[292] "Decline of Foreign Trades," pp. 55, 56, 155.
[293] Dobb's, p. 76.
[294] In 1774.
[295] Nor was this deficiency made up by the exportation of yarn. The
quantities of these several articles exported from 1764 to 1778 are
mentioned in the Appendix, number.
[296] Smith's "Memoirs of Wool," vol. ii., p. 554. The only way to prevent
it, is to enable us to work it up at home. Ib., p. 293.
[297] This was done for the benefit of the woollen manufacture in England.
Eng. Com. Journ., vol. xxii., p. 442.
[298] This is stated considerably under the computation made in the list
of absentees published in Dublin in 1769, which makes the amount at that
time L1,208,982 14_s._ 6_d._
[299] Smith's "Wealth of Nations," vol. i., p. 316.
[300] Anderson on Com., vol. i., p. 131.
[301] The wish of traders for a monopoly is not confined to England; in
the same kingdom some parts are restrained in favour of others, as in
Sweden to this hour. Abbe Resnal, vol. ii., p. 28.
[302] Eng. Com. Journ., vol. xii., pp. 64, 68.
[303] Ib., p. 64.
[304] Ib., p. 7.
[305] Eng. Com. Journ., vol. xii., p. 527.
[306] Ib., p. 530.
[307] Ib., p. 434.
[308] Ib., p. 387.
[309] Ib., vol. xxii.
[310] Eng. Com. Journ., vol. xxii., p. 178.
[311] The Lords Commissioners of Trade in England, by their report of the
31st August, 1697 (Eng. Com. Journ., vol., xii., p. 428), relating to the
trade between England and Ireland, though they recommend the restraining
of the exportation of all sorts of woollen manufactures out of Ireland,
make the following exception, "except only that of their frieze, as is
wont, to England."
[312] See before speech of Lords Justices.
[313] Mr. Dobbs, and after him Dr. Smith.
[314] 11 Elizabeth, session 3, ch. 10.
[315] 13 Elizabeth, session 5, ch. 4.
[316] 17 and 18, ch. 2; ch. 9 for the advancement of the linen
manufacture. Carte.
[317] See before.
[318] 7 and 8 W. 3, ch. 39, from the 1st of August, 1696.
[319] 7 and 8 W., ch. 28.
[320] Not till the year 1705.
[321] Com. Journ., vol. ii., p. 725, 733; vol. xvi., p. 360.
[322] See before.
[323] Dobbs, 6, 7.
[324] Com. Journ., vol. xvi., p. 362.
[325] Ib., p. 363.
[326] By 3rd and 4th Anne, ch. 9.
[327] And. on Comm., vol. ii., p. 225.
[328] This appears by the preamble to the English Act of the 7th and 8th
W. 3, ch. 39.
[329] Anderson on Commerce, vol. ii., p. 177.
[330] Com. Journ., vol. xvi., p. 365.
[331] In 1750.
[332] By the law of 1750, and the bounties given on the exportation of
sail-cloth from Great Britain to foreign countries, Ireland has almost
lost this trade; she cannot now supply herself. Great Britain has not been
the gainer; the quantities of sail-cloth imported there, in 1774,
exceeding, according to the return from the Custom House in London, the
quantities imported in the year 1750, when the restrictive law was made.
It has been taken from Ireland and given to the Russians, Germans, and
Dutch (Ir. Com. Journ., vol. xvi., p. 363).
[333] 10 G. 3, ch.--continued by act of last session to the year 1786.
[334] In the year 1743.
[335] Com. Journ., vol. xvi., 369, pp. 389.
[336] _To please the English_ Scotland has for half a century past exerted
herself as much as possible to improve the linen manufacture.--Anderson on
Industry, vol. ii., p. 233.
[337] Com. Journ., vol. xvi., p. 370.
[338] The province of Ulster, in two years, is said to have lost 30,000 of
its inhabitants. Com. Journ., vol. xvi., p. 381.
[339] From 24th June, 1705, 3 and 4 Anne, ch. 8, for 11 years, but
afterwards continued.
[340] Brit. Acts, 10 Anne, ch. 19; 11 and 12 Anne, ch. 9; 6 G. 1, ch. 4.
[341] Brit. Act. 18 G. 3, ch. 53.
[342] Ir. Com. Journ., vol xvi., pp. 363, 364.
[343] Ib., p. 365
[344] Anderson on Industry, vol. i., pp. 34 to 40
[345] Com. Journ., vol. xvi., p. 370.
[346] See Com. Journ., vol. xvii., pp. 263 to 287, for the sums paid from
1700 to 1775. They amount to L803,486 0_s._ 2-3/4_d._
[347] This malady of emigration among our linen manufacturers has appeared
at many different periods during this century.
[348] 12 Ch. II., ch. 7.
[349] As other nations did the same, Ireland was shut out from the New
World and a considerable part of the Old in Asia and Africa.
[350] 15 Ch. II., ch. 15.
[351] Ch. 39.
[352] 10th and 11th Wm. III., ch. 10.
[353] 15 Ch. II., ch. 7. 18 Ch. II., ch. 2. 20 Ch. II., ch. 7. 22nd & 23rd
Ch. II., ch. 2.
[354] Petty's "Political Survey of Ireland," p. 70, and _ib._ "Report from
the Council of Trade," pages 117, 118. Sir W. Temple, vol. iii, pp. 22,
23, that England was evidently a loser by the prohibition of cattle.
Dr. Smith's "Memoirs of Wool," vol. ii, p. 337, that the English have
since sufficiently felt the mischiefs of this proceeding.
[355] 3 and 4 Anne, ch. 8.
[356] 4 Inst., 349. Matth. Paris, anno. 1172, pp. 121, 220. Vit. H. 2.
Pryn, against the 4 Inst., c. 76, pp. 250, 252. Sir John Davis's Hist., p.
71. Lord Lyttleton's Hist. of, H. 2. vol. iii., pp. 89, 90. 7 Co., 22, 23.
4th Black, 429.
[357] Cooke's 4th Inst., 351.
[358] Anderson on Commerce, vol. i., p. 174.
[359] 3rd Edward IV., ch. 4.
[360] The part of this law which mentions that it shall be determinable,
at the King's pleasure, has the prohibition for its object, and does not
lessen the force of the argument in favour of Ireland.
[361] 4th Edward IV., ch. 1.
[362] Anderson on Commerce, vol. i., p. 285.
[363] Ib., p. 319.
[364] 3rd James, ch. 6.
[365] 12th Ch. II., ch.
[366] 12th Ch. II., ch. 18.
[367] 13th and 14th Ch. II., ch. 11.
[368] Ib., ch. 18.
[369] 12th Ch. II., ch. 27.
[370] Ir. Act, 13th H. VIII, ch. 2.
[371] 28th H. VIII., ch. 17.
[372] Ch. 10.
[373] The necessity of encouraging the people of Ireland to manufacture
their own wool appears by divers statutes to have been the sense of the
legislature of both kingdoms for some centuries.
[374] Ir. Act of 17 and 18 Ch. II., ch. 15.
[375] Carte, vol. ii., p. 344.
[376] 15th Ch. II., ch. 7.
[377] 22nd and 23rd Ch. II., ch. 26.
[378] Sugar, tobacco, cotton, wool, indigo, steel or Jamaica wood, fustick
or other dying wood, the growth of the said plantations.
[379] 4th Geo. II., ch. 15; 6th Geo. II., ch. 15; 4th Geo. II., ch. 15.
[380] The articles in the last note, and also rice, molasses, beaver
skins, and other furs, copper ore, pitch, tar, turpentine, masts, yards,
and bowsprits, pimento, cocoa-nuts, whale fins, raw silk, hides and skins,
pot and pearl ashes, iron and lumber.
[381] From the 24th of June, 1778, it shall be lawful to export from
Ireland directly into any of the British plantations in America or the
West Indies, or into any of the settlements belonging to Great Britain on
the coast of Africa, any goods being the produce or manufacture of Ireland
(wool and woollen manufactures in all its branches, mixed or unmixed,
cotton manufactures of all sorts, mixed or unmixed, hats, glass, hops;
gunpowder, and coals only excepted); and all goods, &c., of the growth,
produce, or manufacture of Great Britain which may be legally imported
from thence into Ireland (woollen manufacture in all its branches and
glass excepted), and all foreign certificate goods that may be legally
imported from Great Britain into Ireland. Two of the principal
manufactures are excepted, and one of them closely connected with, if not
a part of, the linen manufacture.--18th Geo. III., ch. 55.
[382] This appears by the English Acts (3 and 4 Anne, ch. 10, 8 Anne, ch.
1, 2 Geo. II., ch. 35), giving bounties on the importation of those
articles into Great Britain.