_Literature_
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Outstanding novelists have been James Fenimore Cooper, _English-Swedish_;
Oliver W. Holmes, _English-Netherlander_; Mark Twain, _English_; Wm. Dean
Howells, _Welsh-Irish-English-German_; Mary Wilkins-Freeman, _English_;
Nathaniel Hawthorne, _Irish_; Theodore Dreiser, _German_; James W.
Johnson, _Negro_; Frank Norris, _English_; Booth Tarkington, _English_;
Fannie Hurst, Edna Ferber, and Ludwig Lewisohn, _German Jews_; Jacob
Riis, _Dane_; Louis Adamic, _Yugoslav_.
Our leading poets include, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier,
_English_; Edgar A. Poe, _Scotch-Irish-English_; Walt Whitman,
_English-Netherlander_; Sidney Lanier, _French_; Eugene Field, _English_;
Robert Frost, _Scotch-English_; Edwin Markham, _English_; James W.
Riley, _Netherlander-English_; Carl Sandburg, _Swede_; Edna St. Vincent
Millay, _English-French_; Joaquin Miller and Joyce Kilmer, _Germans_;
Louis Untermeyer, _German Jew_, and Arthur Guitermann, _Austrian Jew_;
Christopher Morley, _Irish_; Phillis Wheatley and Paul Dunbar, _Negroes_.
Pioneer heroism immortalized by O. E. Rölvaag, _Norwegian_.... Good
literature circulated in humble homes by P. F. Collier, _Irish_ ...
historian, writer, and lecturer, William Hendrik van Loon, _Netherlander_.
_Music_
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Father of our orchestras and founder of Handel and Haydn Society was
Gottlieb Graupner, _German_ ... first organ builder and maker of spinets
was Gustaf Hesselius, _Swede_ ... our first important composer was Ernst
Bloch, _Swiss Jew_.
“Carry Me Back to Old Virginny” composed by James Bland, _Negro_ ...
“Johnny Comes Marching Home” composed by Patrick Gilmore, _Irish_ ...
“Old Folks at Home,” by Stephen Foster, _Scotch-Irish_ ... an _Italian_,
Campanini, was first director and leader of Metropolitan ... Gatti
Casazza, _Italian_, famous director of Metropolitan ... organizer of
Flonzaley Quartet was Alfred Pochon, _Swiss_.
Famous composers include: Victor Herbert, _Irish_; Edward MacDowell,
_Scot_; John Philip Sousa, _Portuguese_; Percy Grainger, _Australian_;
Eugene Goosens, _English_; Howard Hanson, _Swede_; William Grant Still,
_Negro_; Daniel Protheroe, _Welsh_; Sigmond Romberg, _German Jew_; George
Gershwin and Irving Berlin, _Russian Jews_; Alma Glück, _Roumanian_;
Rudolf Friml, _Czech_.
Outstanding conductors include Gabrilowitch, _Russian Jew_; Walter
and Klemperer, _German_; Koussevitsky and Smallens, _Russian Jews_;
Stokowski, _Polish_; Ormany and Rapee, _Hungarians_; Ganz, _Swiss_;
Koshetz, _Ukrainian_; Zilotti, _Russian_; Busch, _Dane_; Kindler,
_Netherlander_; Damrosch, _German_; Rodzinsky, _Yugoslav_; Victor Kolar,
_Czech_.
Leading violin players of world-wide fame are: Elman, Heifetz, Zimbalist,
_Russian Jews_; and Yehudi Menuhin, _Roumanian Jew_; Ysaye, _Belgian_;
Dvonc, _Czech_; Prydatkevich, _Ukrainian_.
Famous pianists include Rachmaninoff, _Russian_; Iturbi, _Spaniard_;
Honti, _Hungarian_.
Leading flutist is Callimahos, _Greek_; noted zylophonist is Y. Hiraoka,
_Japanese_.
Among the great concert artists are Sophie Braslau, _Russian Jew_; Lotte
Lehmann, _German_; Rosa Raisa, _Italian Jew_; Schumann-Heink, _Austrian_;
John Charles Thomas, _Welsh_, and Paul Robeson, Jules Bledsoe, Marian
Anderson, Roland Hayes, _Negroes_.
_Art_
Father of American painting was Benjamin West, _English_ ... portraits
of Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison by Charles Gilbert Stuart,
_Scot_ ... “Washington Crossing the Delaware,” by Emmanuel Lutze,
_German_ ... famous portraits by John Copley, _Irish_ ... famous etchings
by Joseph Pennell, _English-Irish_ ... “Artist’s Mother” by James McNeil
Whistler, _Scotch-Irish_.
“Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” by Malvin Johnson, _Negro_ ... “Return of
Prodigal Son” by Henry Mosler, _German Jew_ ... “Gassed” and portraits
by John S. Sargent, _English-Italian_ ... “Autumn Oaks” by George
Inness, _Scot_ ... “Conquerors”—building of Panama Canal—by Jonas Lie,
_Norwegian_ ... “Resurrection of Lazarus” by Henry O. Tanner, _Negro_ ...
“Still Life” by Yasu Kuniyoshi, _Japanese_.
First modernist in America was Arthur Davies, _Welsh_ ... corrupt Tweed
ring in New York City smashed by cartoons of Thomas Nast, _German_ ...
leader in landscape painting, Frederick Detwiller, _Swiss_ ... master of
miniatures, Malthe Hasselriis, _Dane_ ... famous frescoes in National
Capitol by Brumidi, _Italian_ ... illustrator of folk tales and fairy
stories, Willie Pogany, _Hungarian_ ... journalistic cartoons by Harrison
Fisher, _Czech_.
_Sculpture_
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“Puritan,” “Shaw Memorial,” and other statues by Saint-Gaudens,
_Irish-French_ ... “Memory” and “Lincoln” statues by Daniel Chester
French, _English_ ... work on Stone Mountain, Georgia, and Mt. Rushmore,
South Dakota by Gutzon Borglum, _Dane_ ... “Pioneer Mother” at Kansas
City by Phimester Proctor, _Canadian_ ... “The Sower” on the Nebraska
State Capitol by Lee Lawrie, _German_ ... statues of Indians by Ivan
Mestrovic, _Yugoslav_ ... McKinley monument by Haig Patigian, _Armenian_.
_Italian_ sculptors who helped adorn National Capitol were: Franzoni,
bronze clock with statue of Storia on top ... Valperti, emblematic eagle
... Amateis, bronze doors ... Causici, Statue of Liberty Proclaiming
Peace ... Trentanove, “Pere Marquette” statue ... Vincenti, Indian chief,
Be-she-ke.
_Architecture_
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Skyscraper developed by Louis Henry Sullivan, _Irish-French-German_
... Fanueil Hall, Boston, designed by John Smibert, _Scot_ ... Vieux
Carrè, New Orleans, laid out by Adrien de Pauger, _French_ ... foremost
architect in stone was Henry Richardson, _English_ ... Frank Lloyd
Wright, _Welsh_, harmonized buildings with surroundings ... St. Patrick’s
Cathedral, New York City, built by Joseph Zvak, _Czech_ ... prominent
naval architect is Wm. Hovgaard, _Dane_.
City planning by Eliel Saarinen, _Finn_ ... Bertram Goodhue,
_Scot-English_, developed and refined Gothic in public buildings
... Folger Library and Pan-American Building in Washington by Paul
Cret, _Belgian_ ... banks and office buildings by Stephen Voorhees,
_Netherlander_ ... church architecture by Ralph Cram, _German_, and
Charles Maginnis, _Irish_.
_Motion Pictures_
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Outstanding motion-picture stars: Antonio Moreno, _Spaniard_ ... Luise
Rainer, _Austrian_ ... Charles Laughton and Ronald Colman, _English_ ...
Francis Lederer, _Czech_ ... Jean Hersholt, _Dane_ ... Pola Negri, _Pole_
... Anna Sten, _Ukrainian_ ... Laura La Plante, _Yugoslav_.
Leading producers: Mayer, Lasky, Warner, _Russian Jews_, and Goldwyn,
_Polish Jew_ ... pioneers of industry were D. W. Griffith, _Welsh_,
Zukor and Fox, _Hungarian Jews_, and Loew, _German Jew_ ... technique of
cinematography modernized by Vorkepic, _Yugoslav_.
_Theatre_
Pioneer of modern American theatre, Augustin Daly, _Irish_ ... geniuses
of the theatre include Belasco, _Portuguese Jew_; Frohmans, Shuberts,
Selwyn, Warfield, Hammerstein, _German Jews_, and Nazimova, _Russian
Jew_ ... John Drew, _Irish_ ... Richard Mansfield, Julia Marlowe, and
Barrymores, _English_ ... Paul Robeson, _Negro_ ... the magician,
Houdini, _Hungarian_.
_Journalism_
New York Weekly Journal founded by Peter Zenger, _German_, in 1733 ...
New York Tribune founded by Horace Greeley, _Scotch-Irish_ ... publisher
of St. Louis Post-Dispatch and New York World was Joseph Pulitzer,
_Hungarian Jew_ ... first great newspaper syndicate established by S. S.
McClure, _Irish_ ... magazine, famous as a militant muckraker founded by
P. F. Collier, _Irish_.
First modern newspaper, the New York Morning Herald, founded in 1835 by
James G. Bennett, _Scot_ ... New York Times founded by Henry Raymond,
_Scot_, and George Jones, _Welsh_ ... chain of newspapers founded by
James Scripps, _English_ ... chain of newspapers founded by Wm. Randolph
Hearst, _Scotch-English_ ... editor of a ladies’ magazine, Edward Bok,
_Netherlander_.