_Inventions_
First clock in America constructed to strike the hours built by Benjamin
Banneker, _Negro_, in 1790 ... early flour-milling machinery by Oliver
Evans, _Welsh_ ... iron comb, made by a _Negro_ to help cotton pickers,
gave Eli Whitney, _English_, idea for his cotton gin ... screw propeller
and revolving turret on battleship invented by John Ericsson, _Swede_ ...
first patent to a _Negro_ granted to Henry Blair for corn harvester in
1834 ... comb-making machine built by Nathaniel Jones, _Welsh_.
First zipper fastener invented by Gideon Sundbäck, _Swede_ ... green
coloring matter used in our paper dollar invented by Dr. Seropian,
_Armenian_ ... machine for lasting shoes built by Jan Matzeliger,
_Haitian_, in 1852 ... self-starter automobile clutch invented by Victor
Bendix, _Swede_; also developed four-wheel brakes and carburetor ...
steam-boiler furnace, electrical air-brakes, and incubator invented
by Granville T. Woods, _Negro_ ... inventor of carborundum was E. G.
Acheson, _English_.
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Sewing machine invented by Elias Howe, _English_, in 1846 ... lubricating
cup, used on locomotives and marine engines, invented by Elijah J. McCoy,
_Negro_ ... discovery of artificial rubber by Father Nieuland of Notre
Dame, _Belgian_, broke the British hold on rubber ... induction motors
invented by Nicolas Tesla, _Yugoslav_ ... co-discoverer of process for
making luminous paints was John Sochocky, _Ukrainian_ ... fireproof
stairs and library bookstacks invented by Neils Poulson, _Dane_ ...
Stilson wrench invented by Daniel Stilson, _Swede_, in 1875.
Bakelite, a substitute used for ivory and bone in making toilet
articles, invented by Leo Baekeland, _Belgian_. He discovered velox,
a paper used by photographers, and made several other discoveries
through experimenting with the electrolytic cell ... one of our earliest
elevators was built by Dr. Nils Collins, _Swede_, a Philadelphia pastor
... the condensor used in radios and electric motors is the result of
work done by Alexander Georgiev, _Bulgarian_ ... numerous inventions of a
wide and varied nature in connection with steam turbines were developed
by Oscar Junggren and by Carl Söderburg, _Swedes_ ... huge machines used
for knitting are the invention of Ladislaus Robaczynski, _Armenian_ ...
outstanding typewriter designer is Carl Gabrielson, _Swede_.
Airbrake invented by George Westinghouse, _English-Netherlander_ ...
“scientific divining rod” used in electro-magnetic method of locating
metal ore, petroleum, and other minerals devised by Hans Lundberg and
Karl Sundberg, _Swedes_ ... in inventing telephone transmitter and
motion-picture projector, Edison, _Scot-Netherlander_, helped by Emile
Berliner, _German Jew_ ... accuracy gauges from which precision machinery
is made, invented by Carl Johannson, _Swede_ ... process for making
artificial stone invented by Michael Tymofiev, _Ukrainian_ ... pioneer in
radio work and sound motion pictures was Lee De Forest, _French-English_.
_Transportation_
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First steamboat built and taken down Ohio and Mississippi by Nicholas
Roosevelt, _Netherlander_ ... first elevated railroad in New York City
was built by José Francisco de Navarro, a _Spaniard_, in 1878 ... first
demonstration of steam railroad in practice by John Stevens, _English_,
in 1825 ... the Clermont, our first commercially successful steamboat,
built by Robert Fulton, _Irish_ ... greatest of clipper ships, Rainbow
and Sea Witch, built by John Griffith, _Welsh_ ... wagons and automobiles
produced by Studebaker Brothers, _German_.
Inventor of modern suspension bridge was John Roebling, _German_, who
built beautiful Brooklyn Bridge ... the Niagara cantilever bridge, for
heavy railroad traffic, invented by Charles Schneider, _German_ ... the
Northwest opened up by railroad builder James J. Hill, _Scotch-Irish_ ...
transatlantic flier, Charles Lindbergh, and airship commander, Charles
Rosendahl, _Swedes_.
_Manufacturing_
Window glass manufactured by Caspar Wistar, _German_, in 1739 ...
decorative stoves and glass of highly prized nature manufactured in 18th
century by Heinrich Stiegel, _German_ ... the New England cotton mills
established by Samuel Slater, _English_ ... first to unite all processes
for manufacturing finished cloth in one factory was Patrick Jackson,
_Irish_ ... art of making gunpowder perfected by Eleuthere Dupont,
_French_.
Great steel works of Pittsburgh founded by Andrew Carnegie, _Scot_,
assisted by William Jones, _Welsh_ ... iron and steel industries of
Pueblo, Colorado, established by Daniel Jones, _Welsh_ ... famous pioneer
organ builder, Matthias Moller, a _Dane_ ... pianos and other instruments
by Steinway, Knabe, Weber, Wurlitzer, Gemünder, _Germans_ ... steel
manufactured by Charles Schwab, _German_ ... sugar produced by Havemeyer,
_German_ ... food products by Heinz and Fleischmann, _Germans_ ...
world-noted cymbals made by Zildijian, _Armenian_ ... airplane builders
are Igor Sigorsky, _Russian_; Bellanca, _Italian_; Douglas, _Scot_;
Boeing, _German_; and Curtiss, _English-German_.
_Communication_
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The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell, _Scot_ ... the
telegraph was invention of Joseph Henry and Samuel Morse, _Scotch-Irish_
... steam-cylinder printing press, making possible our great daily
newspapers, was brain child of Robert Hoe, _English_ ... Erie Canal built
by DeWitt Clinton, _Irish-Netherlander_ ... long distance telephone
and wireless telegraphy made possible by Michael Pupin, _Yugoslav_ ...
inventor of wireless switch was Fritz Lowenstein, _German Jew_ ...
new device for transmitting radio photographs by Arthur Korn, _German
Jew_ ... loud speaker invented by Peter Jensen, _Dane_ ... Zworykin,
_Russian_, pioneered in television ... first printing press imported to
California by Agustin Zamorana, _Spaniard_.
_Commerce_
One of the largest cotton gins owned by Scott Bond, _Negro_ ... our
leading industrialists include Astor, Vanderbilt, and Rockefeller,
_Germans_ ... Julius Rosenwald, Chicago mail-order executive, _German
Jew_ ... Alfred Knudsen, _Dane_, automobile manufacturing executive.
Leading rug merchants are Karaghuesian, Gulbenkian, Kelekian, and
Pushman, _Armenians_ ... leading linen and lace merchants are Mallouk,
Kassab, Bardwill, Jabara, Mamary, and Boutross, _Syrians_ ... largest
raiser of orchids and specialist in cacti is J. A. Manda, _Yugoslav_ ...
first American circus opened in Baraboo, Wisconsin, in 1854, by Ringling
Brothers, _German_ ... Virginia tobacco trade founded by Augustine
Herrman, _Czech_ ... gas first introduced in 1830 by Edward Jones,
_Welsh_, in Boston.
_Mining_
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First oil well drilled at Titusville, Pa., by Edwin Drake, _English_, in
1859.... In Texas, oil was first struck by Anthony F. Lucas, _Yugoslav_
... coal in Pennsylvania first discovered by William Jones, _Welsh_
... pioneer miner of Colorado was Vaso Chakovic, _Yugoslav_ ... first
California gold found on ranch of John Sutter, _German-Swiss_ ... eminent
mining industrialists include Simon and Daniel Guggenheim, _Swiss Jews_,
and Adolph Lewisohn, _German Jew_.
_Banking_
Leading bankers include: J. Pierpont Morgan, _Welsh_ ... Nathan Straus,
Felix Warburg, Jacob Schiff, Otto Kahn, and James Speyer, _German Jews_
... Charles G. Dawes, _English_ ... Amadeo Gianini, _Italian_ ... and
Jesse Jones, _Welsh_.
_Building_
First American iron sea-going steamship built in 1859 by José
Francisco de Navarro, _Spaniard_, who also laid foundation of cement
business in this country ... Panama Canal built by General Goethals,
_Netherlander_ ... George Washington Bridge built by Othmar Ammann,
_Swiss_ ... Manhattan Bridge in New York and Interstate Bridge connecting
Philadelphia and Camden built by Leon Moisseff, _Russian_.
Hetch Hetchy water system from Sierra Nevada to San Francisco built
by Michael O’Shaughnessy, _Irish_ ... Ralph Modjeski, _Polish Jew_,
chairman, Board of Engineers, San Francisco-Oakland Bridge ... Peter
Demyanoff, _Russian_, railroad builder.
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