on the wane. The continual spread of psychoanalytic doctrine, the
increase of the number of physicians in many lands who treat
analytically, seems to vouch for it. When I was a young physician I was
caught in just such a storm of outraged feeling of the medical
profession toward hypnosis, treatment by suggestion, which today is
contrasted with psychoanalysis by "sober" men. Hypnotism did not,
however, as a therapeutic agent, live up to its promises; we
psychoanalysts may call ourselves its rightful heirs, and we have not
forgotten the large amount of encouragement and theoretical explanation
we owe to it. The injuries blamed upon psychoanalysis are limited
essentially to temporary aggravation of the conflict when the analysis
is clumsily handled, or when it is broken off unfinished. You have heard
our justification for our form of treatment, and you can form your own
opinion as to whether or not our endeavors are likely to lead to lasting
injury. Misuse of psychoanalysis is possible in various ways; above all,
transference is a dangerous remedy in the hands of an unconscientious
physician. But no professional method of procedure is protected from
misuse; a knife that is not sharp is of no use in effecting a cure.
I have thus reached the end, ladies and gentlemen. It is more than the
customary formal speech when I admit that I am myself keenly depressed
over the many faults in the lectures I have just delivered. First of
all, I am sorry that I have so often promised to return to a subject
only slightly touched upon at the time, and then found that the context
has not made it possible to keep my word. I have undertaken to inform
you concerning an unfinished thing, still in the process of development,
and my brief exposition itself was an incomplete thing. Often I
presented the evidence and then did not myself draw the conclusion. But
I could not endeavor to make you masters of the subject. I tried only to
give you some explanation and stimulation.
END
INDEX
Abel, C., 195
Abel, R., 148
Abraham, K., 284, 358
Abstinence, 299
Accidental and symptomatic acts, 42
Accumulated and combined errors, 37
Adler, A., 203, 330, 351
Agoraphobia, 227, 233
Alexander, dream of, 65
Altruism, 360
Ambivalence, 369
Amnesia, 244;
childhood, 168;
hysterical, 245;
infantile, 245;
of the neurotic, 244
Analyses of dreams, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 153
Analysis, experimental, dream for, 93
Analytical therapy, 372, 388
Andreas, Lou, 272
Anxiety, 340, 342;
dream, 183;
equivalents, 347;
form of neurotic fear, 346;
hysteria, 233, 259, 316, 346;
hysteria, resistance in, 250;
neurosis, 338, 344, 347
Anxious expectation, 344
Archaic remnants and infantilism in the dream, 167
Art, and the neurosis, 326
Association experiment, 86;
free, 84
Auto-eroticism, 359
Back, George, 108
Basedowi, M., 336
Beheading symbol, 231
Bernheim, 81, 240, 385, 388
Binet, 302
Binz, 66
Birth of the hero, myths, 182
Birth, the source of fear, 343;
symbols of, 132;
theories of children, 274
Bleuler, 86, 369
Bloch, Ivan, 265
Boelsche, W., 307
Breuer, J., 221, 232, 241, 242, 253, 254, 388
Breughel, P., 263
Castration complex, 175
Censor, dream, 110
Charcot, 119
Child, sexual life of, 268, 281
Childhood amnesia, 168;
dreams of, 101;
egoism in, 171;
experiences, phantasy in, 319;
loss of memory for, 168;
prophylaxis, 317
Children, fear in, 350;
sexual curiosity of, 274
Children's dreams, 102;
theories of birth, 274
Choice of an object, 368
Clinical problem, 244
Common elements of dreams, 67, 69, 75
Complex, castration, 175;
family, 285;
Oedipus, 174, 285;
parent, 289
Compulsion neurosis, 222, 227, 259, 261, 267, 298, 326;
fear in, 349;
manifestations of, 222
Compulsion neurotics, resistance in, 250, 251;
symptoms, analysis of, 224
Compulsive activity, meaning of, 239;
acts, 223;
washing as, 233
Condensation, 142
Conflict, role of, in neurosis, 302, 305
Conscious, definition of, 90
Conversion-hysteria, 259, 339
Criticism of dream, 194;
of psychoanalysis, reasons for, 246
Darwin, Charles, 247, 345
Day dreams, 76, 105, 324
Death in dreams, 133;
wishes, 169
Definition of psychoanalysis, 1
Delusion, 216
Dementia praecox, 339, 358, 363
Development and regression, theories of, 294
Diderot, 292
Difficulties of psychoanalysis, 2, 5
Disease, secondary advantage of, 334
Disguise-memories, 168
Displacement, 114, 144
Dream, the, 63;
of Alexander, 65;
anxiety, 183;
approaches to study of, 82;
archaic remnants and infantilism in the, 167;
censor, 110;
character of, 69;
criticism of, 194;
day, 76, 105;
definition of, 67, 68;
difficulties and preliminary approach to, 63;
distortion in, 101, 110, 183;
doubtful points concerning, 194;
for experimental analysis, 93;
hypothesis and technique of interpretation of, 78;
infantile, 183;
interpretation, rules to be observed in, 91, 92;
manifest and latent content of, 90, 96;
of a prisoner, 109;
the reaction to sleep-disturbing stimuli, 70;
stimuli in, 71, 73;
symbolism in, 122
Dreams analysed, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 153;
of childhood, 101;
children's, 102;
children's, elements of, 101-5;
common elements of, 67, 69, 75;
death in, 133;
elaboration in, 74;
examples of, 111;
experimentally induced in, 71;
of neurotics, 395;
typical, 234;
visual forms in, 75;
wish fulfillment, 107;
dream-work, 141;
processes of, 142
Du prel, 108
Ego, development of, 304;
impulses, 303;
instincts, 356;
psychology, 365;
regressions, 310
Egoism, 360;
in childhood, 171
Elements of children's dreams, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105
Erogenous zones, 271
Erotomania, 366
Errors, accumulated and combined, 37;
forgetting names, 34;
forgetting projects, 34;
losing and mislaying objects, 36;
misreading, 51;
proved by further developments, 39;
psychology of, 10, 23;
repeated, 37;
slips of the pen, 49;
of the tongue, 16, 18;
expectant fear, 344
Fact, principle of, 309
Family-complex, 289
Fear, 340, 342;
in children, 350;
in compulsion neurosis, 349;
expectant, 344;
in hysteria, 348;
of the manifold, 344;
neurotic, 341;
anxiety, form of, 346;
clinical observations on, 347;
origin of, 350;
and real fear, connection between, 350;
real, 341;
and neurotic fear, connection between, 350
Fechner, G. T., 69
Federn, P., 127
Ferenczi, 304
Fetichism, 302
Fetichists, 264
Fixation of the instinct, 295;
traumatic, 236
Flaubert, G., 263
Fliess, W., 277
Fontaine, Th., 324
Fore-conscious, 256
Forgetting, defense against unpleasant recollections, 56;
impressions and experiences, 56;
names, 34, 55;
plans, 52;
projects, 34;
proper names, 87
Free association, 84;
name analysis by, 85
Free-floating fear, 344
Fright, 342
Hall, Stanley, 344, 355
Hildebrand, 71
Hoffman, 321
Homosexualists, 266
Homosexuality, 263
Hypnosis, 253, 386;
psycho-therapy by, 253
Hypnotic and psychoanalytic suggestion, difference between, 390
Hypnotism, 81, 388
Hypochondria, 338, 339, 362
Hysteria, 233, 245, 246, 261, 266, 297;
anxiety, 233, 316;
conversion, 339;
fear in, 348
Hysterical amnesias, 245;
backache, 339;
headache, 339;
identification, 369;
vomiting, 233
Illness as a defense, 332
Imago, 139
Incest, 176, 290
Infantile amnesias, 245;
dream, 183;
fear, 353;
neurosis, 316;
sexuality, 272, 279
Infantilism in the dream, archaic remnants and, 167
Inferiority, 351
Inhibition, 294
Instinct, fixation of, 295
Intellectual resistances, 251
Introversion, 325
Inversions, 149, 263
James-Lange theory of emotion, 343
Janet, P., 221
Jealousy, obsession of, 216
Jenner, 400
Jung, C. J., 86, 232, 325, 357
Koch, 400
Krauss, F. S., 134
Latent dream content, 90, 98
Leuret, 221
Levy, L., 133
Libido, 116, 270;
development of, 277, 282;
fixation, 300;
regressions of, 297;
theory, the, 356
Lichtenberg, 27
Lindner, 271
Losing and mislaying objects, 36, 57
Loss of memory for childhood, 168
Maeder, A., 39, 202
Mania of persecution, 366;
of jealousy, 366
Manifest dream content, 90, 96
Masochists, 264
Maury, 66, 71
Mayer, 16
Mechanism of the tongue slip, 46
Megalomania, 366
Melancholia, 369
Memory gaps, 244;
loss of, for childhood, 168
Meringer, 16
Misreading, 51
Mistakes, general observations on, 57
Myths, birth of the hero, 132
Name analysis by free association, 85
Naecke, P., 359
Narcism, 359, 360
Narcistic identification, 369;
neuroses, 298, 365;
and transference, 386
Negative transference, 383
Nervousness, fear and, 340;
ordinary, 328
Nestroy, 305
Neurasthenia, 338, 339
Neurosis, anxiety, 344;
art and, 326;
common experiences in history of, 321;
compulsion, 222;
determining factor in, 321;
development of symptoms of, 311;
etiology of, 296;
general theory of, 294;
infantile, 316;
narcistic, 298;
schematic representation of cause of, 315;
spontaneous, 237;
symptoms of, 317;
traumatic, 237;
true, difference between the symptoms of, and the psychoneurosis, 336
Neurotic fear, anxiety form of, 346;
clinical observations on, 347;
manifestations of, 344;
origin of, 350;
and real fear, connection between, 350
Neurotic manifestations, psychoanalytic conception of, 211;
symptoms, evolution of, 244;
meaning of, 221;
objections to interpretations of, 260
Neurotics, dreams of, 395
Nordenskjold, Otto, 107
Oberlaender, 334
Object, choice of, 368
Obsession of jealousy, 216
Oedipus complex, 174, 285
Onanism, 272, 274
Organic pleasure, 280
Paranoia, 266, 339, 366
Paraphrenia, 339, 366
Parent-complex, 289
Pathological ritual, 228
Patricide, 290
Perverse, 263;
sexuality, 268, 279
Perversions, sex, 175, 278
Pfister, 199
Phantasies, primal, 323
Phantasy in childhood experiences, 319;
in children, 322
Phobias, 344;
analysis of, 353;
situation, in children, 352
Pleasure, principle of, 309
Pleasure-striving, 116
Pre-genital sexual organization, 283
Primal phantasies, 323
Principle of fact, 309;
of pleasure, 309
Psychiatry, psychoanalysis and, 209;
therapeutics of, 220
Psychic flight from unpleasantness, 55;
process, meaning of, 23;
definition of, 7;
in sleeping and waking, differences between, 69
Psychoanalysis, definition of, 1;
difficulties of, 2, 5;
and psychiatry, 209;
purpose of, 6;
reasons for criticism of, 246;
therapeutics of, 220
Psychoanalytic conception of neurotic manifestations, 211;
suggestion, hypnotic and difference between, 390
Psychology of errors, 10
Psychoneurosis,
difference between the symptoms of the true neurosis and, 336;
true neurosis and, connection between symptoms of, 338
Psychotherapy by hypnosis, 253
Purpose of psychoanalysis, 6
Rank, O., 21, 108, 132, 139, 154, 175, 292
Reaction-formations, 326
Regression, 295, 296;
of Libido, 297;
theories of development and, 294
Reik, Th., 290
Repression, 255
Reproduction, 269;
sexuality and, 277
Resistance, 92, 248;
in anxiety hysteria, 250;
in compulsion neurotics, 250, 251;
external, 398;
forms taken by, 250;
internal, 398;
intellectual, 251;
in narcistic neurosis, 365
Ritual, pathological, 228;
sleep, 227
Roux, 314
Sachs, Hanns, 139, 173
Sadistico-anal sexual organization, 283
Sadists, 264
Scherner, K. A., 124
Schirmer, 74
Schwind, 109
Secondary treatment, 151
Sex symbols, 126
Sex, the third, 263
Sexual curiosity of children, 274;
definition of concept, 262;
development, 284;
instincts, 356;
life of the child, 268, 281;
life of man, 262;
organizations, 277, 283;
perversions, 175, 278
Sexuality, perverse, 268;
and reproduction, 277
Siebault, 81
Silberer, V., 203
Situation-phobia, 345;
phobias in children, 352
Sleep, definition of, 67;
ritual, 227
Slips of the tongue, 16;
effects of, 18;
explanation of, 25, 46;
general observations on, 48;
of the pen, 49
Sperber, H., 138
Spontaneous neuroses, 237
Stekel, W., 203
Struwelpeter, 321
Sublimation, 8, 300
Substitute names, 87
Suggestibility, 386
Suggestion, 386, 388
Suppression, 46, 248, 256, 259, 296, 298
Symbol, 123;
beheading, 231
Symbolism in the dream, 122;
in every day life, 130
Symbols, 125, 126;
of birth, 132;
sex, 126
Symptomatic acts, accidental and, 42
Symptom-development, 259;
interpretation, 259;
purpose of, 258, 259
Symptoms, individual, 232, 234;
meaning of, 221;
of neurosis, development of, 311;
neurotic, evolution of, 244;
objections to interpretations of, 260;
significance of phantasy for the development of, 324;
typical, 233
System of the unconscious, fore-conscious and the conscious, 255-257
Technique in dream interpretation, 82
Therapy, analytical, 372
Therapeutics of psychiatry, 220;
of psychoanalysis, 220
Third sex, 263
Tongue slip, mechanism of, 46, 49
Topophobia, 233
Transference, 25, 372, 379;
narcistic neuroses and, 386;
neuroses, 259, 339, 384
Translation of thoughts into visual images, 145
Traumatic fixation, 236;
neuroses, 237
Trenck, 108
True neuroses, 338;
and psychoneuroses, connection between symptoms of, 338;
symptoms of, 336
Typical symptoms, 234
Unconscious, the, 236, 255;
definition of, 90;
psychological processes, 240
Vold, J. Mourly, 66, 127
Vomiting, hysterical, 233
von Bruecke, 295
Wallace, 247
Washing, a compulsive act, 233
Wishes, death, 169
Wish fulfillment, 180;
in dreams, 104, 107;
negative, 261;
positive, 261
Wundt school, 86
Zola, Emile, 224
Zurich school, 86
* * * * *
The following typographical errors have been corrected by the etext
transcriber:
Resistance and Supression=>Resistance and Suppression
Dark Ages faithfully perserved things=>Dark Ages faithfully preserved
things
the dream anaylsis=>the dream analysis
reocgnize=>recognize
crimes commited=>crimes committed
embryo in the amnotic fluid=>embryo in the amniotic fluid
Sublim Porte=>Sublime Porte
remote of these thoughs=>remote of these thoughts
uncomfortabe=>uncomfortable
archiac or regressive mode=>archaic or regressive mode
capitalist and the entrepeneur=>capitalist and the entrepreneur
By means of two selected illlustrations=>By means of two selected
illustrations
and did not yet want to a prophet=>and did not yet want to be a prophet
fundamenal difference=>fundamental difference
psychlogical=>psychological
sexual substitute-satsifaction=>sexual substitute-satisfaction
carry on psychonalaysis=>carry on psychoanalysis
with manual anonism=>with manual ononism
the educator, Nesessity=>the educator, Necessity
has been succssfully=>has been successfully
The physician forms a very favorable opinon=>The physician forms a very
favorable opinion
affctionate=>affectionate
destroyed the transfrence=>destroyed the transference
read "Agamemnon" for "angenomen,"=>read "Agamemnon" for "angenommen,"
"Angenomen" is a verb, meaning "to accept."=>"Angenommen" is a verb,
meaning "to accept."
misprints, which are of ocurse to be considered as errors of the
typesetter.=>misprints, which are of course to be considered as errors
of the typesetter.
"Rueckhaltos" means "unreservedly."=>"Rueckhaltlos" means "unreservedly."
Struuelpeter=>Struwelpeter
Struwwelpeter=>Struwelpeter
Oberlander, 334=>Oberlaender, 334
* * * * *
FOOTNOTES:
[1] "Fehl-leistungen."
[2] In the German, the correct announcement is, "Connetable schickt sein
Schwert zurueck." The novice, as a result of the suggestion, announced
instead that "Komfortabel schickt sein Pferd zurueck."
[3] "Aufstossen" instead of "anstossen."
[4] "Begleit-digen" compounded of "begleiten" and "beleidigen."
[5] "Briefkasten" instead of "Bruetkasten."
[6] "Geneigt" instead of "geeignet."
[7] "Versuchungen" instead of "Versuche."
[8] "Aufgepatzt" instead of "aufgeputzt."
[9] "Angenommen" is a verb, meaning "to accept."
[10] The young man here said "aufzustossen" instead of "anzustossen."
[11] Prof. Freud here gives the two examples, quite untranslatable, of
"apopos" instead of "apropos," and "eischeiszwaibehen" instead of
"eiweiszscheibehen."
[12] From C. G. Jung.
[13] From A. A. Brill.
[14] From B. Dattner.
[15] So also in the writings of A. Maeder (French), A. A. Brill
(English) J. Staerke (Dutch) and others.
[16] From R. Reitler.
[17] In the German Reichstag, November, 1908. "Rueckhaltlos" means
"unreservedly." "Rueckgratlos" means "without backbone."
[18] "Zum Vorschein bringen," means to bring to light. "Schweinereien"
means filthiness or obscurity. The telescoping of the two ideas,
resulting in the word "Vorschwein," plainly reveals the speaker's
opinion of the affair.
[19] The lady meant to say "Nach Hause," "to reach home." The word
"Hose" means "drawers." The preservating content of her hesitancy is
hereby revealed.
[20] The German reads, "bei meinen Versuchen an Mausen," which, through
the slip of the pen, resulted in "bei meinen Versuchen an Menschen."
[21] "Angenommen" is a verb, meaning "to accept."
[22] Josef Breuer, in the years 1880-1882. Cf. also my lectures on
psychoanalysis, delivered in the United States in 1909.
[23] The reader will recall the example: "things were re-filled."
[24] From the sublime to the ridiculous is but a narrow passage.
[25] Yes, the passage from Calais.
[26] "Vorzug." "Vom Bett hervorziehen."
[27] "Schraenkt sich ein."
[28] In Germany tickets may be bought before the day of the performance
only upon additional payment, over and above the regular cost of the
ticket. This is called "Vorverkaufsgebuehr."
[29] See frontispiece
[30] "steigen."
[31] "den Frauen nachsteigen," and "ein alter Steiger."
[32] "besitzen," to straddle.
[33] While revising these pages I chanced upon a newspaper article that
I quote here as an unexpected supplement to the above lines.
THE PUNISHMENT OF GOD
A BROKEN ARM FOR BROKEN FAITH
Mrs. Anna M. the wife of a soldier in the reserve accused Mrs.
Clementine C. of being untrue to her husband. The accusation reads that
Mrs. C. had carried on an illicit relationship with Karl M. while her
own husband was on the battlefield, from which he even sent her 70
Kronen a month. Mrs. C. had received _quite a lot of money_ from the
husband of the plaintiff, while she and her children had to live in
_hunger_ and in misery. Friends of her husband had told her that Mrs. C.
had visited inns with M. and had caroused there until late at night. The
accused had even asked the husband of the plaintiff before several
infantrymen whether he would not soon get a divorce from his "old woman"
and live with her. Mrs. C.'s housekeeper had also repeatedly seen the
husband of the plaintiff in her (Mrs. C.'s) apartment, in complete
negligee.
Yesterday Mrs. C. _denied_ before a judge in Leopoldstadt that she even
knew M; there could be no question of intimate relation between them.
The witness, Albertine M., however, testified that Mrs. C. had kissed
the husband of the plaintiff and that she had surprised them at it.
When M. was called as a witness in an earlier proceeding he had denied
any intimate relation to the accused. Yesterday the judge received a
_letter_ in which the witness retracts the statement he made in the
first proceeding and _admits_ that he had carried on a love affair with
Mrs. C., until last June. He says that he only denied this relationship
in the former proceeding for the sake of the accused because before the
proceeding she had come to him and begged on her knees that he should
save her and not confess. "To-day," wrote the witness, "I felt impelled
to make a full confession to the court, since I have _broken my left
arm_ and this appears to me as the _punishment of God_ for my
transgression."
The judge maintained the penal offense had already become null and void,
whereupon the plaintiff withdrew her accusation and the liberation of
the accused followed.
[34] This highly technical concept is explained in _The Interpretation
of Dreams_, Chap. VII, Sec. (b) pp. 422 et seq.
[35] The principal street of Vienna.
[36] I do not mention another obvious interpretation of this "3" in the
case of this childless woman, because it is not material to this
analysis.
[37] Compare S. Freud, _Totem and Taboo_, 1913.
[38] E. Toulouse, Emile Zola--_Enquete medico-psychologique_, Paris,
1896.
[39] There are fagots and fagots.