machinery and transport equipment, chemicals,
food
United Kingdom
manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs
United States
agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9%
(crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications
equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power
machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines,
furniture, toys) (2003)
Uruguay
machinery, chemicals, road vehicles, crude petroleum
Uzbekistan
machinery and equipment 49.8%, foodstuffs 16.4%,
chemicals, metals (1998 est.)
Vanuatu
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, fuels
Venezuela
raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport
equipment, construction materials
Vietnam
machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer,
steel products, raw cotton, grain, cement, motorcycles
Virgin Islands
crude oil, foodstuffs, consumer goods, building
materials
Wallis and Futuna
chemicals, machinery, passenger ships, consumer
goods
West Bank
food, consumer goods, construction materials
Western Sahara
fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs
World
the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and
services
Yemen
food and live animals, machinery and equipment, chemicals
Zambia
machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products,
electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing
Zimbabwe
machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures,
chemicals, fuels
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2059 Climate
Afghanistan
arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers
Akrotiri
temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool
winters
Albania
mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry
summers; interior is cooler and wetter
Algeria
arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers
along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high
plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in
summer
American Samoa
tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds;
annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season from November to
April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature
variation
Andorra
temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers
Angola
semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool,
dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)
Anguilla
tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds
Antarctica
severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation,
and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West
Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has
the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January
along the coast and average slightly below freezing
Antigua and Barbuda
tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature
variation
Arctic Ocean
polar climate characterized by persistent cold and
relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized
by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and
clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and
foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow
Argentina
mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in
southwest
Armenia
highland continental, hot summers, cold winters
Aruba
tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
tropical
Atlantic Ocean
tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast
of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea;
hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent
from August to November
Australia
generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east;
tropical in north
Austria
temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent
rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate
summers with occasional showers
Azerbaijan
dry, semiarid steppe
Bahamas, The
tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream
Bahrain
arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Baker Island
equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun
Bangladesh
tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid
summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)
Barbados
tropical; rainy season (June to October)
Bassas da India
tropical
Belarus
cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between
continental and maritime
Belgium
temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy
Belize
tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November);
dry season (February to May)
Benin
tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Bermuda
subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in
winter
Bhutan
varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot
summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in
Himalayas
Bolivia
varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid
Bosnia and Herzegovina
hot summers and cold winters; areas of high
elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild,
rainy winters along coast
Botswana
semiarid; warm winters and hot summers
Bouvet Island
antarctic
Brazil
mostly tropical, but temperate in south
British Indian Ocean Territory
tropical marine; hot, humid,
moderated by trade winds
British Virgin Islands
subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by
trade winds
Brunei
tropical; hot, humid, rainy
Bulgaria
temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers
Burkina Faso
tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers
Burma
tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest
monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild
temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon,
December to April)
Burundi
equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude
variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual
temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade
but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m;
average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February
to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to
August and December to January
Cambodia
tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry
season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation
Cameroon
varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid
and hot in north
Canada
varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in
north
Cape Verde
temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and
very erratic
Cayman Islands
tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October)
and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April)
Central African Republic
tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot,
wet summers
Chad
tropical in south, desert in north
Chile
temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region;
cool and damp in south
China
extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north
Christmas Island
tropical with a wet and dry season; heat and
humidity moderated by trade winds; wet season December to April
Clipperton Island
tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees
C, rains May-October
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
tropical with high humidity, moderated by
the southeast trade winds for about nine months of the year
Colombia
tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands
Comoros
tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
tropical; hot and humid in
equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands;
cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet
season April to October, dry season December to February; south of
Equator - wet season November to March, dry season April to October
Congo, Republic of the
tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry
season (June to October); constantly high temperatures and humidity;
particularly enervating climate astride the Equator
Cook Islands
tropical; moderated by trade winds
Coral Sea Islands
tropical
Costa Rica
tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April);
rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands
Cote d'Ivoire
tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three
seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to
May), hot and wet (June to October)
Croatia
Mediterranean and continental; continental climate
predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry
summers along coast
Cuba
tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to
April); rainy season (May to October)
Cyprus
temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool
winters
Czech Republic
temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Denmark
temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool
summers
Dhekelia
temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool
winters
Djibouti
desert; torrid, dry
Dominica
tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall
Dominican Republic
tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature
variation; seasonal variation in rainfall
East Timor
tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons
Ecuador
tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher
elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands
Egypt
desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters
El Salvador
tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season
(November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands
Equatorial Guinea
tropical; always hot, humid
Eritrea
hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter
in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually);
semiarid in western hills and lowlands; rainfall heaviest during
June-September except in coastal desert
Estonia
maritime, wet, moderate winters, cool summers
Ethiopia
tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation
Europa Island
tropical
European Union
cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to
temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
cold marine; strong westerly
winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year;
average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all
year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Faroe Islands
mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy,
windy
Fiji
tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation
Finland
cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild
because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current,
Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
France
generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and
hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry,
north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral
French Guiana
tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature
variation
French Polynesia
tropical, but moderate
French Southern and Antarctic Lands
antarctic
Gabon
tropical; always hot, humid
Gambia, The
tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler,
dry season (November to May)
Gaza Strip
temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers
Georgia
warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast
Germany
temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers;
occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind
Ghana
tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast;
hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north
Gibraltar
Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
Glorioso Islands
tropical
Greece
temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Greenland
arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters
Grenada
tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds
Guadeloupe
subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high
humidity
Guam
tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by
northeast trade winds; dry season from January to June, rainy season
from July to December; little seasonal temperature variation
Guatemala
tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands
Guernsey
temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of
days are overcast
Guinea
generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to
November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May)
with northeasterly harmattan winds
Guinea-Bissau
tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type
rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season
(December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds
Guyana
tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two
rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January)
Haiti
tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
antarctic
Holy See (Vatican City)
temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to
mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)
Honduras
subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains
Hong Kong
tropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy
from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall
Howland Island
equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun
Hungary
temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers
Iceland
temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy
winters; damp, cool summers
India
varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north
Indian Ocean
northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest
monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June
and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and
January/February in the southern Indian Ocean
Indonesia
tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Iran
mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast
Iraq
mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless
summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish
borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that
melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in
central and southern Iraq
Ireland
temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild
winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the
time
Israel
temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas
Italy
predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in
south
Jamaica
tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior
Jan Mayen
arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog
Japan
varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north
Jarvis Island
tropical; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun
Jersey
temperate; mild winters and cool summers
Johnston Atoll
tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast
trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation
Jordan
mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)
Juan de Nova Island
tropical
Kazakhstan
continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and
semiarid
Kenya
varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior
Kingman Reef
tropical; moderated by prevailing winds
Kiribati
tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds
Korea, North
temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer
Korea, South
temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter
Kuwait
dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters
Kyrgyzstan
dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical
in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone
Laos
tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season
(December to April)
Latvia
maritime; wet, moderate winters
Lebanon
Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry
summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows
Lesotho
temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers
Liberia
tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to
cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers
Libya
Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior
Liechtenstein
continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow
or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers
Lithuania
transitional, between maritime and continental; wet,
moderate winters and summers
Luxembourg
modified continental with mild winters, cool summers
Macau
subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Macedonia
warm, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters
with heavy snowfall
Madagascar
tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south
Malawi
sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May
to November)
Malaysia
tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast
(October to February) monsoons
Maldives
tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to
March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)
Mali
subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy,
humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February
Malta
Mediterranean with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers
Man, Isle of
temperate; cool summers and mild winters; overcast
about one-third of the time
Marshall Islands
tropical; hot and humid; wet season from May to
November; islands border typhoon belt
Martinique
tropical; moderated by trade winds; rainy season (June to
October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every
eight years on average; average temperature 17.3 degrees C; humid
Mauritania
desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty
Mauritius
tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry
winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)
Mayotte
tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during
northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to
November)
Mexico
varies from tropical to desert
Micronesia, Federated States of
tropical; heavy year-round rainfall,
especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the
typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage
Midway Islands
subtropical; moderated by prevailing easterly winds
Moldova
moderate winters, warm summers
Monaco
Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Mongolia
desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature
ranges)
Montserrat
tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation
Morocco
Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior
Mozambique
tropical to subtropical
Namibia
desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic
Nauru
tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to
February)
Navassa Island
marine, tropical
Nepal
varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to
subtropical summers and mild winters in south
Netherlands
temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters
Netherlands Antilles
tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds
New Caledonia
tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid
New Zealand
temperate with sharp regional contrasts
Nicaragua
tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands
Niger
desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south
Nigeria
varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in
north
Niue
tropical; modified by southeast trade winds
Norfolk Island
subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature
variation
Northern Mariana Islands
tropical marine; moderated by northeast
trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season
December to June, rainy season July to October
Norway
temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current;
colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers;
rainy year-round on west coast
Oman
dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong
southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south
Pacific Ocean
planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind
patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade
winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by
seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south
of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central
America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much
less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same
latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is
monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when
moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry
season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian
landmass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike
southeast and east Asia from May to December
Pakistan
mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in
north
Palau
tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November
Palmyra Atoll
equatorial, hot, and very rainy
Panama
tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season
(May to January), short dry season (January to May)
Papua New Guinea
tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March),
southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature
variation
Paracel Islands
tropical
Paraguay
subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the
eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west
Peru
varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate
to frigid in Andes
Philippines
tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April);
southwest monsoon (May to October)
Pitcairn Islands
tropical; hot and humid; modified by southeast
trade winds; rainy season (November to March)
Poland
temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with
frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and
thundershowers
Portugal
maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and
drier in south
Puerto Rico
tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature
variation
Qatar
arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Reunion
tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and
dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April
Romania
temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog;
sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms
Russia
ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in
much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in
the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to
frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool
along Arctic coast
Rwanda
temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to
January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible
Saint Helena
Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by
trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by
trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
tropical tempered by constant sea breezes;
little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)
Saint Lucia
tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season
from January to April, rainy season from May to August
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
cold and wet, with much mist and fog;
spring and autumn are windy
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
tropical; little seasonal
temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)
Samoa
tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to
October)
San Marino
Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Sao Tome and Principe
tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season
(October to May)
Saudi Arabia
harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes
Senegal
tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has
strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by
hot, dry, harmattan wind
Serbia and Montenegro
in the north, continental climate (cold
winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall);
central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the
south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and
autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
Seychelles
tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast
monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest
monsoon (March to May)
Sierra Leone
tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to
December); winter dry season (December to April)
Singapore
tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons
- Northeastern monsoon from December to March and Southwestern
monsoon from June to September; inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon
and early evening thunderstorms
Slovakia
temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Slovenia
Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate
with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and
valleys to the east
Solomon Islands
tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and
weather
Somalia
principally desert; December to February - northeast
monsoon, moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south; May
to October - southwest monsoon, torrid in the north and hot in the
south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili)
between monsoons
South Africa
mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny
days, cool nights
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
variable, with mostly
westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of
calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow
Southern Ocean
sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius
to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the
continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature
contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about
latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average
winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward
to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees
south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures
well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense
persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline
ice-free throughout the winter
Spain
temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and
cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy
and cool along coast
Spratly Islands
tropical
Sri Lanka
tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March);
southwest monsoon (June to October)
Sudan
tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies
by region (April to November)
Suriname
tropical; moderated by trade winds
Svalbard
arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool
summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and
north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most
of the year
Swaziland
varies from tropical to near temperate
Sweden
temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly
cloudy summers; subarctic in north
Switzerland
temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy,
rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with
occasional showers
Syria
mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and
mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather
with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus
Taiwan
tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June
to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year
Tajikistan
midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters;
semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains
Tanzania
varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands
Thailand
tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to
September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March);
southern isthmus always hot and humid
Togo
tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Tokelau
tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)
Tonga
tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to
May), cool season (May to December)
Trinidad and Tobago
tropical; rainy season (June to December)
Tromelin Island
tropical
Tunisia
temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry
summers; desert in south
Turkey
temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher
in interior
Turkmenistan
subtropical desert
Turks and Caicos Islands
tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds;
sunny and relatively dry
Tuvalu
tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to
November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)
Uganda
tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to
February, June to August); semiarid in northeast
Ukraine
temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern
Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest
in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from
cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm
across the greater part of the country, hot in the south
United Arab Emirates
desert; cooler in eastern mountains
United Kingdom
temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds
over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are
overcast
United States
mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida,
arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the
Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low
winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in
January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes
of the Rocky Mountains
Uruguay
warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown
Uzbekistan
mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild
winters; semiarid grassland in east
Vanuatu
tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to
October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected
by cyclones from December to April
Venezuela
tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Vietnam
tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season
(mid-May to mid-September) and warm, dry season (mid-October to
mid-March)
Virgin Islands
subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds,
relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation;
rainy season September to November
Wake Island
tropical
Wallis and Futuna
tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April);
cool, dry season (May to October); rains 2,500-3,000 mm per year
(80% humidity); average temperature 26.6 degrees C
West Bank
temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with
altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters
Western Sahara
hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air
currents produce fog and heavy dew
World
two large areas of polar climates separated by two rather
narrow temperate zones form a wide equatorial band of tropical to
subtropical climates
Yemen
mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in
western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot,
dry, harsh desert in east
Zambia
tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to
April)
Zimbabwe
tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to
March)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2060 Coastline (km)
Afghanistan
0 km (landlocked)
Akrotiri
56.3 km
Albania
362 km
Algeria
998 km
American Samoa
116 km
Andorra
0 km (landlocked)
Angola
1,600 km
Anguilla
61 km
Antarctica
17,968 km
Antigua and Barbuda
153 km
Arctic Ocean
45,389 km
Argentina
4,989 km
Armenia
0 km (landlocked)
Aruba
68.5 km
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
74.1 km
Atlantic Ocean
111,866 km
Australia
25,760 km
Austria
0 km (landlocked)
Azerbaijan
0 km (landlocked); note - Azerbaijan borders the Caspian
Sea (800 km, est.)
Bahamas, The
3,542 km
Bahrain
161 km
Baker Island
4.8 km
Bangladesh
580 km
Barbados
97 km
Bassas da India
35.2 km
Belarus
0 km (landlocked)
Belgium
66.5 km
Belize
386 km
Benin
121 km
Bermuda
103 km
Bhutan
0 km (landlocked)
Bolivia
0 km (landlocked)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
20 km
Botswana
0 km (landlocked)
Bouvet Island
29.6 km
Brazil
7,491 km
British Indian Ocean Territory
698 km
British Virgin Islands
80 km
Brunei
161 km
Bulgaria
354 km
Burkina Faso
0 km (landlocked)
Burma
1,930 km
Burundi
0 km (landlocked)
Cambodia
443 km
Cameroon
402 km
Canada
202,080 km
Cape Verde
965 km
Cayman Islands
160 km
Central African Republic
0 km (landlocked)
Chad
0 km (landlocked)
Chile
6,435 km
China
14,500 km
Christmas Island
138.9 km
Clipperton Island
11.1 km
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
26 km
Colombia
3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448
km)
Comoros
340 km
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
37 km
Congo, Republic of the
169 km
Cook Islands
120 km
Coral Sea Islands
3,095 km
Costa Rica
1,290 km
Cote d'Ivoire
515 km
Croatia
5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)
Cuba
3,735 km
Cyprus
648 km
Czech Republic
0 km (landlocked)
Denmark
7,314 km
Dhekelia
27.5 km
Djibouti
314 km
Dominica
148 km
Dominican Republic
1,288 km
East Timor
706 km
Ecuador
2,237 km
Egypt
2,450 km
El Salvador
307 km
Equatorial Guinea
296 km
Eritrea
2,234 km total; mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km, islands in Red
Sea 1,083 km
Estonia
3,794 km
Ethiopia
0 km (landlocked)
Europa Island
22.2 km
European Union
65,413.9 km
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
1,288 km
Faroe Islands
1,117 km
Fiji
1,129 km
Finland
1,250 km
France
3,427 km
French Guiana
378 km
French Polynesia
2,525 km
French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1,232 km
Gabon
885 km
Gambia, The
80 km
Gaza Strip
40 km
Georgia
310 km
Germany
2,389 km
Ghana
539 km
Gibraltar
12 km
Glorioso Islands
35.2 km
Greece
13,676 km
Greenland
44,087 km
Grenada
121 km
Guadeloupe
306 km
Guam
125.5 km
Guatemala
400 km
Guernsey
50 km
Guinea
320 km
Guinea-Bissau
350 km
Guyana
459 km
Haiti
1,771 km
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
101.9 km
Holy See (Vatican City)
0 km (landlocked)
Honduras
820 km
Hong Kong
733 km
Howland Island
6.4 km
Hungary
0 km (landlocked)
Iceland
4,988 km
India
7,000 km
Indian Ocean
66,526 km
Indonesia
54,716 km
Iran
2,440 km; note - Iran also borders the Caspian Sea (740 km)
Iraq
58 km
Ireland
1,448 km
Israel
273 km
Italy
7,600 km
Jamaica
1,022 km
Jan Mayen
124.1 km
Japan
29,751 km
Jarvis Island
8 km
Jersey
70 km
Johnston Atoll
34 km
Jordan
26 km
Juan de Nova Island
24.1 km
Kazakhstan
0 km (landlocked); note - Kazakhstan borders the Aral
Sea, now split into two bodies of water (1,070 km), and the Caspian
Sea (1,894 km)
Kenya
536 km
Kingman Reef
3 km
Kiribati
1,143 km
Korea, North
2,495 km
Korea, South
2,413 km
Kuwait
499 km
Kyrgyzstan
0 km (landlocked)
Laos
0 km (landlocked)
Latvia
531 km
Lebanon
225 km
Lesotho
0 km (landlocked)
Liberia
579 km
Libya
1,770 km
Liechtenstein
0 km (doubly landlocked)
Lithuania
99 km
Luxembourg
0 km (landlocked)
Macau
41 km
Macedonia
0 km (landlocked)
Madagascar
4,828 km
Malawi
0 km (landlocked)
Malaysia
4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607
km)
Maldives
644 km
Mali
0 km (landlocked)
Malta
196.8 km (does not include 56.01 km for the island of Gozo)
Man, Isle of
160 km
Marshall Islands
370.4 km
Martinique
350 km
Mauritania
754 km
Mauritius
177 km
Mayotte
185.2 km
Mexico
9,330 km
Micronesia, Federated States of
6,112 km
Midway Islands
15 km
Moldova
0 km (landlocked)
Monaco
4.1 km
Mongolia
0 km (landlocked)
Montserrat
40 km
Morocco
1,835 km
Mozambique
2,470 km
Namibia
1,572 km
Nauru
30 km
Navassa Island
8 km
Nepal
0 km (landlocked)
Netherlands
451 km
Netherlands Antilles
364 km
New Caledonia
2,254 km
New Zealand
15,134 km
Nicaragua
910 km
Niger
0 km (landlocked)
Nigeria
853 km
Niue
64 km
Norfolk Island
32 km
Northern Mariana Islands
1,482 km
Norway
25,148 km (includes mainland 2,650 km, as well as long
fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 22,498 km;
length of island coastlines 58,133 km)
Oman
2,092 km
Pacific Ocean
135,663 km
Pakistan
1,046 km
Palau
1,519 km
Palmyra Atoll
14.5 km
Panama
2,490 km
Papua New Guinea
5,152 km
Paracel Islands
518 km
Paraguay
0 km (landlocked)
Peru
2,414 km
Philippines
36,289 km
Pitcairn Islands
51 km
Poland
491 km
Portugal
1,793 km
Puerto Rico
501 km
Qatar
563 km
Reunion
207 km
Romania
225 km
Russia
37,653 km
Rwanda
0 km (landlocked)
Saint Helena
60 km
Saint Kitts and Nevis
135 km
Saint Lucia
158 km
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
120 km
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
84 km
Samoa
403 km
San Marino
0 km (landlocked)
Sao Tome and Principe
209 km
Saudi Arabia
2,640 km
Senegal
531 km
Serbia and Montenegro
199 km
Seychelles
491 km
Sierra Leone
402 km
Singapore
193 km
Slovakia
0 km (landlocked)
Slovenia
46.6 km
Solomon Islands
5,313 km
Somalia
3,025 km
South Africa
2,798 km
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
NA km
Southern Ocean
17,968 km
Spain
4,964 km
Spratly Islands
926 km
Sri Lanka
1,340 km
Sudan
853 km
Suriname
386 km
Svalbard
3,587 km
Swaziland
0 km (landlocked)
Sweden
3,218 km
Switzerland
0 km (landlocked)
Syria
193 km
Taiwan
1,566.3 km
Tajikistan
0 km (landlocked)
Tanzania
1,424 km
Thailand
3,219 km
Togo
56 km
Tokelau
101 km
Tonga
419 km
Trinidad and Tobago
362 km
Tromelin Island
3.7 km
Tunisia
1,148 km
Turkey
7,200 km
Turkmenistan
0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea
(1,768 km)
Turks and Caicos Islands
389 km
Tuvalu
24 km
Uganda
0 km (landlocked)
Ukraine
2,782 km
United Arab Emirates
1,318 km
United Kingdom
12,429 km
United States
19,924 km
Uruguay
660 km
Uzbekistan
0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the
southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline
Vanuatu
2,528 km
Venezuela
2,800 km
Vietnam
3,444 km (excludes islands)
Virgin Islands
188 km
Wake Island
19.3 km
Wallis and Futuna
129 km
West Bank
0 km (landlocked)
Western Sahara
1,110 km
World
356,000 km
note: 98 nations and other entities are islands that border no other
countries, they include: American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and
Barbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Baker Island, Barbados, Bassas da India, Bermuda, Bouvet Island,
British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cape Verde,
Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling)
Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Cyprus,
Dominica, Europa Island, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe
Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic
Lands, Glorioso Islands, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Heard
Island and McDonald Islands, Howland Island, Iceland, Jamaica, Jan
Mayen, Japan, Jarvis Island, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Juan de Nova
Island, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Isle of
Man, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated
States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa
Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern
Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands, Philippines,
Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts
and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore,
Solomon Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands,
Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka, Svalbard, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and
Tobago, Tromelin Island, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu,
Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna, Taiwan
Yemen
1,906 km
Zambia
0 km (landlocked)
Zimbabwe
0 km (landlocked)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2061 Imports - partners (%)
Afghanistan
Pakistan 25.5%, US 8.7%, India 8.5%, Germany 6.5%,
Turkmenistan 5.3%, Kenya 4.7%, South Korea 4.2%, Russia 4.2% (2004)
Albania
Italy 34.8%, Greece 19.8%, Turkey 7.7%, Germany 5.3% (2004)
Algeria
France 30.3%, Italy 8.2%, Germany 6.5%, Spain 5.5%, US 5.2%,
China 5.1%, Turkey 4.3% (2004)
American Samoa
Japan 31.4%, New Zealand 27.9%, Germany 17.1%,
Australia 8.9% (2004)
Andorra
Spain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (2000)
Angola
South Korea 28.3%, Portugal 13.1%, US 9.3%, South Africa
7.4%, Brazil 5.6%, Japan 4.8%, France 4.4% (2004)
Anguilla
US, Puerto Rico, UK (2000)
Antigua and Barbuda
China 19.5%, US 18.7%, Singapore 14.8%, Poland
8.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.7% (2004)
Argentina
Brazil 36.2%, US 16.6%, Germany 5.7%, China 4.3% (2004)
Armenia
Russia 11.3%, Belgium 10.1%, Israel 8.4%, US 7.6%, Iran
7.1%, UAE 6.1%, Ukraine 5.9%, Italy 5.5%, Germany 5.2%, Georgia
4.6%, France 4.5% (2004)
Aruba
US 55.5%, Netherlands 14.1%, Venezuela 3.3% (2004)
Australia
US 14.8%, China 12.7%, Japan 11.8%, Germany 5.8%,
Singapore 4.4%, UK 4.1% (2004)
Austria
Germany 46.3%, Italy 6.8%, Switzerland 4.3% (2004)
Azerbaijan
Russia 16.1%, UK 12.5%, Turkey 10.5%, Germany 7.8%,
Ukraine 5.6%, Netherlands 4.9%, US 4.1%, Italy 4% (2004)
Bahamas, The
US 22.4%, South Korea 18.9%, Brazil 9.2%, Japan 7.9%,
Italy 7.8%, Venezuela 6.6% (2004)
Bahrain
Saudi Arabia 32.4%, Japan 7.3%, Germany 6.1%, US 5.6%, UK
5.4%, France 4.8% (2004)
Bangladesh
India 15.1%, China 12.5%, Singapore 7.5%, Kuwait 5.5%,
Japan 5.3%, Hong Kong 4.5% (2004)
Barbados
US 35.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 20%, UK 5.6%, Japan 4.3%
(2004)
Belarus
Russia 68.2%, Germany 6.6%, Ukraine 3.3% (2004)
Belgium
Germany 18.4%, Netherlands 17%, France 12.5%, UK 6.8%,
Ireland 6.3%, US 5.5% (2004)
Belize
US 30.1%, Mexico 12%, Guatemala 7.4%, Cuba 7.2%, China 4.2%,
Japan 4.1% (2004)
Benin
China 32.2%, France 13%, Thailand 6.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.3%
(2004)
Bermuda
Kazakhstan 39.2%, France 16.2%, Japan 13.1%, Italy 9.2%,
South Korea 8.8%, US 6.4% (2004)
Bhutan
Germany 65.4%, Japan 14.3%, Austria 6.8%, UK 4.5% (2004)
Bolivia
Brazil 29.7%, Argentina 17.6%, US 10.8%, Chile 7.7%, Peru
7.3% (2004)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia 23.8%, Slovenia 15.8%, Germany 14.8%,
Italy 11.4%, Austria 6.6%, Hungary 6.1% (2004)
Botswana
Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 74%, EFTA 17%,
Zimbabwe 4% (2000)
Brazil
US 18.3%, Argentina 8.9%, Germany 8.1%, China 5.9%, Nigeria
5.6%, Japan 4.6% (2004)
British Virgin Islands
Virgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US
Brunei
Singapore 32.7%, Malaysia 21.2%, UK 8.3%, Japan 7.2% (2004)
Bulgaria
Germany 15.1%, Italy 10.2%, Russia 7.9%, Greece 7.5%,
Turkey 6.9%, France 4.4% (2004)
Burkina Faso
France 29.3%, Cote d'Ivoire 16%, Togo 9.8% (2004)
Burma
China 29.8%, Singapore 20.8%, Thailand 19.3%, South Korea
5.2%, Malaysia 4.8% (2004)
Burundi
Kenya 13.7%, Tanzania 11.2%, US 8.9%, Belgium 8.5%, France
8.4%, Italy 6%, Uganda 5.6%, Japan 4.6%, Germany 4.5% (2004)
Cambodia
Thailand 22.5%, Hong Kong 14.1%, China 13.6%, Vietnam
10.9%, Singapore 10.8%, Taiwan 8.4% (2004)
Cameroon
France 28.2%, Nigeria 9.9%, Belgium 7.6%, US 4.9%, China
4.8%, Germany 4.6%, Italy 4.1% (2004)
Canada
US 58.9%, China 6.8%, Mexico 3.8% (2004)
Cape Verde
Portugal 41.8%, US 12.3%, Netherlands 8.4%, Spain 5.2%,
Italy 4.2%, Brazil 4% (2004)
Cayman Islands
US, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, Netherlands Antilles,
Japan
Central African Republic
France 17.6%, US 16.3%, Cameroon 9.3%,
Belgium 5% (2004)
Chad
France 21.9%, Cameroon 16.1%, US 10.8%, Portugal 10.4%, Germany
6.4%, Belgium 4.6% (2004)
Chile
Argentina 17%, US 14%, Brazil 11.2%, China 7.4% (2004)
China
Japan 16.8%, Taiwan 11.4%, South Korea 11.1%, US 8%, Germany
5.4% (2004)
Christmas Island
principally Australia
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Australia
Colombia
US 29.1%, Venezuela 6.5%, China 6.4%, Mexico 6.2%, Brazil
5.8% (2004)
Comoros
France 23.5%, South Africa 11.1%, Kenya 7.5%, UAE 7.2%,
Italy 4.9%, Pakistan 4.7%, Mauritius 4.2%, Singapore 4.1% (2004)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
South Africa 18.5%, Belgium 15.5%,
France 10.8%, Kenya 6.3%, US 6%, Germany 5.8% (2004)
Congo, Republic of the
France 32.7%, US 10.1%, Germany 6.2%, Italy
6%, China 5.2%, Netherlands 4.5% (2004)
Cook Islands
New Zealand 61%, Fiji 19%, US 9%, Australia 6%, Japan
2% (2000)
Costa Rica
US 46.1%, Japan 5.9%, Mexico 5.1%, Brazil 4.2% (2004)
Cote d'Ivoire
France 24.3%, Nigeria 19.2%, UK 4% (2004)
Croatia
Italy 17.1%, Germany 15.5%, Russia 7.3%, Slovenia 7.1%,
Austria 6.9%, France 4.4% (2004)
Cuba
Spain 14.7%, Venezuela 13.5%, US 11%, China 8.9%, Canada 6.4%,
Italy 6.2%, Mexico 4.9% (2004)
Cyprus
Greece 15.2%, Italy 10.5%, Germany 8.9%, UK 8.6%, France
6.3%, Japan 4.7%, Israel 4.4%, China 4% (2004)
Czech Republic
Germany 31.7%, Slovakia 5.4%, Italy 5.3%, China 5.2%,
Poland 4.8%, France 4.8%, Russia 4.1% (2004)
Denmark
Germany 22.3%, Sweden 13.5%, Netherlands 6.8%, UK 6.1%,
France 4.5%, Norway 4.5%, Italy 4.1%, China 4% (2004)
Djibouti
Saudi Arabia 19.7%, India 12.4%, Ethiopia 11.8%, China
8.1%, France 5.6%, US 4.8% (2004)
Dominica
China 20.4%, US 16.8%, Trinidad and Tobago 12.3%, UK 6.9%,
South Korea 4.6%, Japan 4.3% (2004)
Dominican Republic
US 48.1%, Venezuela 13.5%, Colombia 4.8%, Mexico
4.8% (2004)
East Timor
NA
Ecuador
US 16.5%, Colombia 14.1%, China 9.2%, Venezuela 7.1%, Brazil
6.5%, Chile 4.6%, Japan 4.5%, Mexico 4.3% (2004)
Egypt
US 12.2%, Germany 7%, Italy 6.6%, France 5.7%, China 5.4%, UK
4.7%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2004)
El Salvador
US 46.3%, Guatemala 8.1%, Mexico 6% (2004)
Equatorial Guinea
US 26.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 21.4%, Spain 13.6%, France
8.8%, UK 7.8%, Italy 4.4% (2004)
Eritrea
Ireland 26.6%, US 18.6%, Italy 16.6%, Turkey 6.4% (2004)
Estonia
Finland 22.1%, Germany 12.9%, Sweden 9.7%, Russia 9.2%,
Lithuania 5.3%, Latvia 4.7% (2004)
Ethiopia
Saudi Arabia 25.3%, US 15.8%, China 6.6% (2004)
European Union
US 15.1%, China 9.7%, Japan 6.7%, Switzerland 5.6%
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
UK 63.2%, Spain 30.3%, France 3.6%
(2004)
Faroe Islands
Denmark 52.8%, Norway 18.3%, Iceland 4.4%, Sweden 4.2%
(2004)
Fiji
Australia 25.9%, Singapore 23.1%, New Zealand 21.1% (2004)
Finland
Germany 16.2%, Sweden 14.3%, Russia 12.8%, Netherlands 6.3%,
Denmark 5.2%, UK 4.6%, France 4.3% (2004)
France
Germany 19.2%, Belgium 9.9%, Italy 8.8%, Spain 7.4%, UK 7%,
Netherlands 6.7%, US 5.1% (2004)
French Guiana
France 63%, US, Trinidad and Tobago, Italy (2002 est.)
French Polynesia
France 47.6%, New Zealand 8.8%, Singapore 8.4%,
Australia 8.3%, US 7.1% (2004)
Gabon
France 43.8%, US 6.3%, UK 5.9%, Netherlands 4% (2004)
Gambia, The
China 23.7%, Senegal 11.6%, Brazil 5.9%, UK 5.5%,
Netherlands 4.5%, US 4.4% (2004)
Gaza Strip
Israel, Egypt, West Bank
Georgia
Russia 14%, Turkey 11%, UK 9.3%, Azerbaijan 8.5%, Germany
8.2%, Ukraine 7.7%, US 6% (2004)
Germany
France 9%, Netherlands 8.3%, US 7%, Italy 6.1%, UK 5.9%,
China 5.6%, Belgium 4.9%, Austria 4.2% (2004)
Ghana
Nigeria 12.6%, China 11.4%, UK 6.6%, US 6.4%, France 4.9%,
Netherlands 4.2% (2004)
Gibraltar
Spain 19.9%, Russia 18.4%, UK 10.8%, Italy 8.8%, Germany
7.5%, US 5.1%, Sweden 4.7%, France 4.2% (2004)
Greece
Germany 13.3%, Italy 12.8%, France 6.4%, Netherlands 5.5%,
Russia 5.5%, US 4.4%, UK 4.2%, South Korea 4.1% (2004)
Greenland
Denmark 78.7%, Sweden 11.9%, Norway 2.7% (2004)
Grenada
Trinidad and Tobago 29.6%, US 27.8%, UK 4.8% (2004)
Guadeloupe
France 63%, Germany 4%, US 3%, Japan 2%, Netherlands
Antilles 2% (1999)
Guam
Singapore 39.5%, South Korea 20.8%, Japan 19%, Hong Kong 9%,
Philippines 4.3% (2004)
Guatemala
US 34%, Mexico 8.1%, South Korea 6.8%, China 6.6%, Japan
4.4% (2004)
Guernsey
UK (regarded as internal trade)
Guinea
Cote d'Ivoire 15.5%, France 9%, Belgium 6.1%, China 6%, South
Africa 4.8% (2004)
Guinea-Bissau
Senegal 44.6%, Portugal 13.8%, China 4.2% (2004)
Guyana
Trinidad and Tobago 24.8%, US 24.5%, Cuba 6.8%, UK 5.4% (2004)
Haiti
US 34.8%, Netherlands Antilles 18%, Malaysia 5.1%, Colombia
4.7% (2004)
Honduras
US 37.5%, Guatemala 6.9%, Mexico 5.4%, Costa Rica 4.3%, El
Salvador 4% (2004)
Hong Kong
China 43.5%, Japan 12.1%, Taiwan 7.3%, US 5.3%, Singapore
5.3%, South Korea 4.8% (2004)
Hungary
Germany 29.2%, Austria 8.3%, Russia 5.7%, Italy 5.5%,
Netherlands 4.9%, China 4.8%, France 4.7% (2004)
Iceland
Germany 12.3%, US 9.9%, Norway 9.7%, Denmark 7.9%, UK 7.2%,
Sweden 6.7%, Netherlands 6% (2004)
India
China 6.1%, US 6%, Switzerland 5.2%, Belgium 4.4% (2004)
Indonesia
Singapore 13.1%, Japan 13.1%, China 8.8%, US 7%, Thailand
6%, Australia 4.8%, Saudi Arabia 4.2%, South Korea 4.2% (2004)
Iran
Germany 12.8%, France 8.3%, Italy 7.7%, China 7.2%, UAE 7.2%,
South Korea 6.1%, Russia 5.4% (2004)
Iraq
Syria 22.9%, Turkey 19.5%, US 9.2%, Jordan 6.7%, Germany 4.9%
(2004)
Ireland
UK 35.6%, US 13.8%, Germany 8.9%, Netherlands 4.3%, France
4.2% (2004)
Israel
US 15%, Belgium 10.1%, Germany 7.5%, Switzerland 6.5%, UK
6.1% (2004)
Italy
Germany 18%, France 10.9%, Netherlands 5.9%, Spain 4.6%,
Belgium 4.4%, UK 4.3%, China 4.2% (2004)
Jamaica
US 38.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.2%, France 5.6%, Japan 4.7%
(2004)
Japan
China 20.7%, US 14%, South Korea 4.9%, Australia 4.3%,
Indonesia 4.1%, Saudi Arabia 4.1%, UAE 4% (2004)
Jersey
UK
Jordan
Saudi Arabia 19.8%, China 8.4%, Germany 6.8%, US 6.8% (2004)
Kazakhstan
Russia 34.6%, China 15.4%, Germany 8.2%, France 5.7%,
Ukraine 4.6% (2004)
Kenya
UAE 12.6%, Saudi Arabia 9.1%, South Africa 8.8%, US 7.7%,
India 7.2%, UK 6.7%, China 6.4%, Japan 5% (2004)
Kiribati
Australia 33.6%, Fiji 29.8%, Japan 10.3%, New Zealand 6.9%,
France 4.1% (2004)
Korea, North
China 32.9%, Thailand 10.7%, Japan 4.8% (2004)
Korea, South
Japan 20.6%, China 13.2%, US 12.9%, Saudi Arabia 5.3%
(2004)
Kuwait
US 12.9%, Germany 11.9%, Japan 7.9%, UK 5.5%, Saudi Arabia
5.5%, Italy 5%, France 4.5%, China 4.1% (2004)
Kyrgyzstan
China 26.3%, Russia 22.3%, Kazakhstan 17.1%, Turkey 5.4%
(2004)
Laos
Thailand 60.5%, China 10.3%, Vietnam 7.1%, Singapore 4% (2004)
Latvia
Germany 13.9%, Lithuania 12.2%, Russia 8.7%, Estonia 7%,
Finland 6.3%, Sweden 6.1%, Poland 5.4%, Belarus 4.8% (2004)
Lebanon
Italy 11.2%, France 10.3%, Syria 9.8%, Germany 8.6%, China
5.8%, US 5.5%, UK 4.6% (2004)
Lesotho
Hong Kong 46.8%, China 25.5%, South Korea 5.6%, Germany 4.8%
(2004)
Liberia
South Korea 38.8%, Japan 21.2%, Singapore 12.2%, Croatia
5.3%, Germany 4.2% (2004)
Libya
Italy 25.5%, Germany 11%, South Korea 6.1%, UK 5.4%, Tunisia
4.7%, Turkey 4.6% (2004)
Liechtenstein
EU, Switzerland
Lithuania
Russia 23.1%, Germany 16.7%, Poland 7.7%, Netherlands 4%
(2004)
Luxembourg
Belgium 29.8%, Germany 22.6%, China 12.6%, France 12%,
Netherlands 4.2% (2004)
Macau
China 44.4%, Hong Kong 10.6%, Japan 9.6%, Taiwan 4.9%,
Singapore 4.1%, US 4.1% (2004)
Macedonia
Greece 15.4%, Germany 13.1%, Serbia and Montenegro 10.4%,
Slovenia 8.6%, Bulgaria 8.1%, Turkey 6%, Romania 4.7% (2004)
Madagascar
France 17.2%, China 9.7%, Hong Kong 6.6%, Iran 6.4%,
Mauritius 6.2%, South Africa 5.6% (2004)
Malawi
South Africa 37.3%, India 8.1%, Mozambique 7.7%, Zimbabwe
7.2%, Tanzania 4.6%, Germany 4.1% (2004)
Malaysia
Japan 16.1%, US 14.6%, Singapore 11.2%, China 9.9%,
Thailand 5.6%, Taiwan 5.5%, South Korea 5%, Germany 4.5%, Indonesia
4% (2004)
Maldives
Singapore 24.9%, Sri Lanka 10.6%, UAE 10.3%, India 10.2%,
Malaysia 7.6%, Bahrain 5.4% (2004)
Mali
France 14.5%, Senegal 9.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 7.6% (2004)
Malta
Italy 25.4%, France 13.1%, UK 12%, Germany 8.9%, US 5.2%,
Singapore 4.1% (2004)
Man, Isle of
UK (2000)
Marshall Islands
US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Singapore, Fiji, China,
Philippines (2000)
Martinique
France 62%, Venezuela 6%, Germany 4%, Italy 4%, US 3%
(2000)
Mauritania
France 14.1%, US 7.6%, China 6.4%, Spain 5.8%, UK 4.6%,
Germany 4.3%, Belgium 4.2% (2004)
Mauritius
South Africa 11.3%, China 9.4%, India 9.3%, France 9.2%,
Bahrain 5.3%, Japan 4.1% (2004)
Mayotte
France 66%, Africa 14%, Southeast Asia 11% (2000 est.)
Mexico
US 53.7%, China 7%, Japan 5.1% (2004)
Micronesia, Federated States of
US, Australia, Japan (2000)
Moldova
Ukraine 24.6%, Russia 12.2%, Romania 9.3%, Germany 8.5%,
Italy 7.4% (2004)
Mongolia
Russia 33.3%, China 23.6%, Japan 7.4%, South Korea 6%, US
4.6% (2004)
Montserrat
US, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada
Morocco
France 18.2%, Spain 12.1%, Italy 6.6%, Germany 6%, Russia
5.7%, Saudi Arabia 5.4%, China 4.2%, US 4.1% (2004)
Mozambique
South Africa 41.4%, Netherlands 11%, Portugal 3.3% (2004)
Namibia
US 50%, EU 31% (2001)
Nauru
Australia 65.6%, Indonesia 5.4%, Germany 5.3%, UK 4.4% (2004)
Nepal
India 46.3%, China 10.8%, UAE 9.3%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2004)
Netherlands
Germany 17.9%, Belgium 9.9%, US 7.9%, China 7.4%, UK
6.4%, France 4.8% (2004)
Netherlands Antilles
Venezuela 51.1%, US 21.9%, Netherlands 5% (2004)
New Caledonia
France 40.3%, Singapore 10.9%, Australia 9.1%, New
Zealand 4.9% (2004)
New Zealand
Australia 22.4%, US 11.3%, Japan 11.2%, China 9.7%,
Germany 5.2% (2004)
Nicaragua
US 22.6%, Costa Rica 8.5%, Venezuela 8.4%, Guatemala 6.8%,
Mexico 5.8%, El Salvador 4.9%, South Korea 4.5% (2004)
Niger
France 14.4%, US 10.3%, French Polynesia 9.4%, Nigeria 7.8%,
Cote d'Ivoire 7.5%, Japan 5.2%, China 5.1%, Thailand 4.1% (2004)
Nigeria
China 9.4%, US 8.4%, UK 7.8%, Netherlands 5.9%, France 5.4%,
Germany 4.9%, Italy 4% (2004)
Niue
New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000)
Norfolk Island
Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia,
Europe
Northern Mariana Islands
US, Japan (2000)
Norway
Sweden 15.7%, Germany 13.6%, Denmark 7.3%, UK 6.5%, China 5%,
US 4.9%, Netherlands 4.4%, France 4.3%, Finland 4.1% (2004)
Oman
UAE 21.2%, Japan 16.6%, UK 8.4%, Italy 6%, Germany 5.1%, US
4.7% (2004)
Pakistan
Saudi Arabia 11.6%, UAE 10%, US 9.7%, China 8.4%, Japan
6.5%, Kuwait 5.6% (2004)
Palau
US, Guam, Japan, Singapore, South Korea (2000)
Panama
US 33.3%, Netherlands Antilles 8.1%, Japan 6%, Costa Rica
5.7%, Mexico 4.6%, Colombia 4.2% (2004)
Papua New Guinea
Australia 46.4%, Singapore 21.6%, Japan 4.3%, New
Zealand 4.2% (2004)
Paraguay
Brazil 30.9%, Argentina 23.3%, China 16.6%, US 4% (2004)
Peru
US 30.3%, Spain 11.5%, Chile 7.2%, Brazil 5.4%, Colombia 5.2%
(2004)
Philippines
US 18.8%, Japan 17.4%, Singapore 7.8%, Taiwan 7.3%,
South Korea 6.2%, China 6%, Malaysia 4.5% (2004)
Pitcairn Islands
NA
Poland
Germany 24.4%, Italy 7.9%, Russia 7.3%, France 6.7%, China
4.6% (2004)
Portugal
Spain 29.3%, Germany 14.3%, France 9.3%, Italy 6.1%, UK
4.6%, Netherlands 4.6% (2004)
Puerto Rico
US 55.0%, Ireland 23.7%, Japan 5.4% (2002 est.)
Qatar
France 26.6%, US 9.5%, Saudi Arabia 9.4%, UAE 6.3%, Germany
5.2%, Japan 5.2%, UK 5.1% (2004)
Reunion
France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (2000)
Romania
Italy 17.2%, Germany 14.9%, France 7.1%, Russia 6.8%, Turkey
4.2% (2004)
Russia
Germany 15.3%, Ukraine 8.8%, China 6.9%, Japan 5.7%,
Kazakhstan 5%, US 4.6%, Italy 4.6%, France 4.4% (2004)
Rwanda
Kenya 24.4%, Germany 7.4%, Belgium 6.6%, Uganda 6.3%, France
5.1% (2004)
Saint Helena
UK 35.7%, US 17.6%, South Africa 17.5%, Tanzania 10.4%,
Australia 5.5%, Spain 4.1% (2004)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Ukraine 44.7%, US 22.1%, Trinidad and Tobago
8.8%, UK 6.2% (2004)
Saint Lucia
US 27.8%, Trinidad and Tobago 20.4%, UK 8%, Venezuela
7.6%, Finland 7% (2004)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
France 37.6%, Canada 25.3%, Ireland 25.2%,
Italy 5.1% (2004)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
US 37.5%, Trinidad and Tobago
21.3%, UK 10.5% (2004)
Samoa
New Zealand 25.1%, Fiji 21.5%, Taiwan 9.1%, Australia 8.9%,
Singapore 8.5%, Japan 7.5%, US 4.7% (2004)
Sao Tome and Principe
Portugal 52.3%, Germany 9.5%, US 6%,
Netherlands 4.8%, South Africa 4.3%, Belgium 4.1% (2004)
Saudi Arabia
US 15.3%, Japan 9.8%, Germany 8.1%, China 6.6%, UK 5.7%
(2004)
Senegal
France 24.8%, Nigeria 11.9%, Thailand 6.1% (2004)
Serbia and Montenegro
Germany 18.5%, Italy 16.5%, Austria 8.3%,
Slovenia 6.7%, Bulgaria 4.7%, France 4.5% (2004)
Seychelles
Saudi Arabia 15.5%, Spain 13.3%, France 10.3%, Singapore
7%, South Africa 6.8%, Italy 6.7%, UK 4.7% (2004)
Sierra Leone
Germany 14%, Cote d'Ivoire 10.7%, UK 9.1%, US 8.4%,
China 5.6%, Netherlands 5%, South Africa 4.1% (2004)
Singapore
Malaysia 15.3%, US 12.7%, Japan 11.7%, China 9.9%, Taiwan
5.7%, South Korea 4.3%, Thailand 4.1% (2004)
Slovakia
Germany 26.1%, Czech Republic 21.3%, Russia 9.1%, Austria
6.6%, Poland 4.9%, Italy 4.9% (2004)
Slovenia
Germany 19.9%, Italy 17%, Austria 14.9%, France 10.2% (2004)
Solomon Islands
Australia 24.6%, Singapore 23.1%, New Zealand 7.7%,
Fiji 4.8%, Papua New Guinea 4.7% (2004)
Somalia
Djibouti 30.1%, Kenya 13.7%, India 8.6%, Brazil 8.5%, Oman
4.4%, UAE 4.2% (2004)
South Africa
Germany 14.2%, US 8.5%, China 7.5%, Japan 6.9%, UK
6.9%, France 6%, Saudi Arabia 5.6%, Iran 5% (2004)
Spain
Germany 16.6%, France 15.8%, Italy 8.9%, UK 6.3%, Netherlands
4.8% (2004)
Sri Lanka
India 18%, Singapore 8.7%, Hong Kong 7.7%, China 5.7%,
Iran 5.2%, Japan 5.1%, Malaysia 4.1% (2004)
Sudan
China 13%, Saudi Arabia 11.5%, UAE 5.9%, Egypt 5.1%, India
4.8%, Germany 4.5%, Australia 4.1%, Japan 4% (2004)
Suriname
US 26.2%, Netherlands 19.3%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.5%,
Japan 6.6%, China 4.6%, Brazil 4.2% (2004)
Swaziland
South Africa 95.6%, EU 0.9%, Japan 0.9%, Singapore 0.3%
(2004)
Sweden
Germany 18.7%, Denmark 9.2%, Norway 7.6%, UK 7.5%,
Netherlands 6.8%, Finland 6.4%, France 5.5%, Belgium 4% (2004)
Switzerland
Germany 32.8%, Italy 11.3%, France 9.9%, US 5.2%,
Netherlands 5%, Austria 4.3% (2004)
Syria
Turkey 9.4%, Ukraine 8.7%, China 7.8%, Russia 5.4%, Saudi
Arabia 5.2%, US 4.7%, South Korea 4.6%, Italy 4.3% (2004)
Taiwan
Japan 26%, US 13%, China, including Hong Kong 11%, South
Korea 6.9% (2004)
Tajikistan
Russia 20.2%, Uzbekistan 14.2%, Kazakhstan 12.8%,
Azerbaijan 7.2%, US 6.7%, China 4.8%, Ukraine 4.5% (2004)
Tanzania
South Africa 13.1%, China 8.1%, India 6.6%, Kenya 5.6%, UAE
5.5%, US 4.9%, UK 4.8%, Bahrain 4.1% (2004)
Thailand
Japan 23.6%, China 8.6%, US 7.6%, Malaysia 5.8%, Singapore
4.4%, Taiwan 4.1% (2004)
Togo
China 25.5%, India 13.3%, France 11.5% (2004)
Tokelau
New Zealand (2000)
Tonga
New Zealand 37.1%, Fiji 24.3%, Australia 9.1%, China 8.9%, US
6.3% (2004)
Trinidad and Tobago
US 23.9%, Venezuela 11.5%, Germany 11.2%, Brazil
10.7%, Spain 6.4%, Italy 5.1% (2004)
Tunisia
France 25.1%, Italy 19%, Germany 8.5%, Spain 5.3% (2004)
Turkey
Germany 12.9%, Russia 9.3%, Italy 7.1%, France 6.4%, US 4.8%,
China 4.6%, UK 4.4% (2004)
Turkmenistan
US 11.8%, Russia 9.7%, UAE 9.2%, Ukraine 9%, Turkey
8.6%, Germany 8%, France 5%, Georgia 4.6%, Iran 4.5% (2004)
Turks and Caicos Islands
US, UK
Tuvalu
Fiji 50.2%, Japan 18.1%, Australia 9.6%, China 8%, New
Zealand 5.5% (2004)
Uganda
Kenya 32.3%, UAE 7.3%, South Africa 6.5%, India 5.8%, China
5.6%, UK 5.1%, US 4.8%, Japan 4.8% (2004)
Ukraine
Russia 41.8%, Germany 9.6%, Turkmenistan 6.7% (2004)
United Arab Emirates
China 10%, India 9.8%, Japan 6.8%, Germany
6.5%, UK 6.2%, France 6.1%, US 6% (2004)
United Kingdom
Germany 13%, US 9.3%, France 7.4%, Netherlands 6.6%,
Belgium 4.9%, China 4.3%, Italy 4.3% (2004)
United States
Canada 17%, China 13.8%, Mexico 10.3%, Japan 8.7%,
Germany 5.2% (2004)
Uruguay
Argentina 19.5%, Brazil 19%, Paraguay 12.9%, US 9.2%, China
6% (2004)
Uzbekistan
Russia 26.8%, South Korea 12.6%, US 8%, Germany 7.7%,
Kazakhstan 6.3%, China 5.8%, Turkey 5.1%, Ukraine 4.5% (2004)
Vanuatu
Taiwan 24%, Australia 16.5%, Japan 11.4%, Singapore 8.5%,
New Zealand 7.2%, Fiji 6.3%, US 4.4% (2004)
Venezuela
US 28.8%, Colombia 9.9%, Brazil 7%, Mexico 4.1% (2004)
Vietnam
China 13.7%, Taiwan 11.3%, South Korea 10.8%, Japan 10.5%,
Singapore 10.5%, Thailand 6.2%, Hong Kong 4% (2004)
Virgin Islands
US, Puerto Rico
Wallis and Futuna
France 97%, Australia 2%, New Zealand 1%
West Bank
Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2000)
Western Sahara
Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so
trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts
World
Germany 9.4%, US 9.3%, China 8.5%, Japan 6.5%, France 4.5%
(2004)
Yemen
UAE 12.2%, Saudi Arabia 9.7%, China 8.8%, France 7.3%, India
4.4%, US 4.4%, Kuwait 4.2% (2004)
Zambia
South Africa 46.2%, UK 14.2%, UAE 7.1%, Zimbabwe 6% (2004)
Zimbabwe
South Africa 46.9%, Botswana 3.6%, UK 3.4% (2004)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2062 Economic aid - donor
Australia
ODA, $894 million (FY99/00)
Austria
ODA, $520 million (2002)
Belgium
ODA, $1.072 billion (2002)
Canada
ODA, $2 billion (2004)
Denmark
ODA, $1.63 billion (1999)
Finland
ODA, $379 million (2001)
France
ODA, $5.4 billion (2002)
Germany
ODA, $5.6 billion (1998)
Iceland
$NA
Ireland
ODA, $283 million (2001)
Italy
ODA, $1 billion (2002 est.)
Japan
ODA, $7.9 billion (FY03/04)
Korea, South
ODA $334 million (2003)
Lesotho
ODA $4.4 million
Luxembourg
ODA, $147 million (2002)
Netherlands
ODA, $4 billion (2003 est.)
New Zealand
ODA, $99.7 million
Norway
ODA, $1.4 billion (1998)
Portugal
ODA, $271 million (1995)
Saudi Arabia
pledged $100 million in 1993 to fund reconstruction of
Lebanon; since 2000, Saudi Arabia has committed $307 million for
assistance to the Palestinians; pledged $240 million to development
in Afghanistan; pledged $1 billion in export guarantees and soft
loans to Iraq
Spain
ODA, $1.33 billion (1999)
Sweden
ODA, $1.7 billion (1997)
Switzerland
ODA, $1.1 billion (1995)
United Arab Emirates
since its founding in 1971, the Abu Dhabi Fund
for Development has given about $5.2 billion in aid to 56 countries
(2004)
United Kingdom
ODA, $4.2 billion (2004)
United States
ODA, $6.9 billion (1997)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2063 Constitution
Afghanistan
new constitution drafted 14 December 2003 - 4 January
2004; signed 16 January 2004
Albania
adopted by popular referendum on 28 November 1998
Algeria
19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3
November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28 November 1996
American Samoa
ratified 2 June 1966, effective 1 July 1967
Andorra
Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991,
approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 4 May 1993
Angola
11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6
March 1991, and 26 August 1992; note - new constitution has not yet
been approved
Anguilla
Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990
Antigua and Barbuda
1 November 1981
Argentina
1 May 1853; revised August 1994
Armenia
adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995
Aruba
1 January 1986
Australia
9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901
Austria
1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945)
Azerbaijan
adopted 12 November 1995
Bahamas, The
10 July 1973
Bahrain
new constitution 14 February 2002
Bangladesh
4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972; suspended
following coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986; amended
many times
Barbados
30 November 1966
Belarus
15 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November
1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and became
effective 27 November 1996; revised again 17 October 2004 removing
presidential term limits
Belgium
7 February 1831; amended many times; revised 14 July 1993 to
create a federal state
Belize
21 September 1981
Benin
December 1990
Bermuda
8 June 1968; amended 1989 and 2003
Bhutan
no written constitution or bill of rights; note - in 2001 the
King commissioned the drafting of a constitution, and in November
2004 presented a draft to the Council of Ministers; now awaiting
referendum
Bolivia
2 February 1967; revised in August 1994
Bosnia and Herzegovina
the Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December
1995, included a new constitution now in force; note - each of the
entities also has its own constitution
Botswana
March 1965, effective 30 September 1966
Brazil
5 October 1988
British Virgin Islands
1 June 1977
Brunei
29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of
Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1
January 1984)
Bulgaria
adopted 12 July 1991
Burkina Faso
2 June 1991 approved by referendum, 11 June 1991
formally adopted; amended April 2000
Burma
3 January 1974; suspended since 18 September 1988; national
convention convened in 1993 to draft a new constitution but
collapsed in 1996; reconvened in 2004 but does not include
participation of democratic opposition
Burundi
13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a plural
political system; supplanted on 20 October 2004 by a provisional
constitution approved by the parliament which extended the
transition; a 28 February 2005 popular referendum ratified the new
constitution which set ethnic quotas for government positions, and
tentatively scheduled general elections for April 2005
Cambodia
promulgated 21 September 1993
Cameroon
20 May 1972 approved by referendum, 2 June 1972 formally
adopted; revised January 1996
Canada
made up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial
decisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitution
consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a
federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April
1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution from
Britain to Canada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights and
Freedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments
Cape Verde
new constitution came into force 25 September 1992;
underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially
increasing the powers of the president, and a further revision in
1999, to create the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de
Justica)
Cayman Islands
1959; revised 1972 and 1992
Central African Republic
passed by referendum 5 December 2004
Chad
passed by referendum 31 March 1996
Chile
11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 30 July
1989, 1993, and 1997
China
most recent promulgation 4 December 1982
Christmas Island
Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955 (23
November 1953)
Colombia
5 July 1991
Comoros
23 December 2001
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
new constitution adopted 17 July
2003
Congo, Republic of the
approved by referendum 20 January 2002
Cook Islands
4 August 1965
Costa Rica
7 November 1949
Cote d'Ivoire
new constitution adopted 4 August 2000
Croatia
adopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001
Cuba
24 February 1976; amended July 1992 and June 2002
Cyprus
16 August 1960; from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots no
longer participated in the government; negotiations to create the
basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and for
better relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held
intermittently since the mid-1960s; in 1975, following the 1974
Turkish intervention, Turkish Cypriots created their own
constitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated
State of Cyprus," which became the "Turkish Republic of Northern
Cyprus" when the Turkish Cypriots declared their independence in
1983; a new constitution for the "TRNC" passed by referendum on 5
May 1985
Czech Republic
ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993
Denmark
5 June 1849 adoption of original constitution; a major
overhaul of 5 June 1953 allowed for a unicameral legislature and a
female chief of state
Djibouti
multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September
1992
Dominica
3 November 1978
Dominican Republic
28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002
East Timor
22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)
Ecuador
10 August 1998
Egypt
11 September 1971; amended 22 May 1980
El Salvador
23 December 1983
Equatorial Guinea
approved by national referendum 17 November 1991;
amended January 1995
Eritrea
a transitional constitution, decreed on 19 May 1993, was
replaced by a new constitution adopted on 23 May 1997, but not yet
implemented
Estonia
adopted 28 June 1992
Ethiopia
ratified December 1994, effective 22 August 1995
European Union
based on a series of treaties: the Treaty of Paris,
which set up the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951;
the Treaties of Rome, which set up the European Economic Community
(EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957;
the Single European Act in 1986; the Treaty on European Union
(Maastricht) in 1992; the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997; and the
Treaty of Nice in 2001; note - a new draft Constitutional Treaty,
signed on 29 October 2004 in Rome, gave member states two years for
ratification either by parliamentary vote or national referendum
before it was scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006; defeat in
French and Dutch referenda in May-June 2005 caused a suspension of
the ratification process
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
3 October 1985; amended 1997 and
1998
Faroe Islands
5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Fiji
promulgated on 25 July 1990; amended on 25 July 1997 to allow
nonethnic Fijians greater say in government and to make multiparty
government mandatory; effective 28 July 1998
Finland
1 March 2000
France
adopted by referendum 28 September 1958, effective 4 October
1958; amended concerning election of president in 1962; amended to
comply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1996 Amsterdam
Treaty, 2000 Treaty of Nice; amended to tighten immigration laws in
1993; amended in 2000 to change the seven-year presidential term to
a five-year term
French Guiana
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
French Polynesia
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Gabon
adopted 14 March 1991
Gambia, The
24 April 1970; suspended July 1994; rewritten and
approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; reestablished January
1997
Georgia
adopted 24 August 1995
Germany
23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the
united German people 3 October 1990
Ghana
approved 28 April 1992
Gibraltar
30 May 1969
Greece
11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001
Greenland
5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Grenada
19 December 1973
Guadeloupe
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Guam
Organic Act of 1 August 1950
Guatemala
31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; note - suspended
25 May 1993 by former President SERRANO; reinstated 5 June 1993
following ouster of president; amended November 1993
Guernsey
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Guinea
23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)
Guinea-Bissau
16 May 1984; amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26
February 1993, 9 June 1993, and 1996
Guyana
6 October 1980
Haiti
approved March 1987; suspended June 1988 with most articles
reinstated March 1989; in October 1991 government claimed to be
observing the constitution; returned to constitutional rule in
October 1994
Holy See (Vatican City)
new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN
PAUL II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces
the first Fundamental Law of 1929)
Honduras
11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended 1995
Hong Kong
Basic Law, approved in March 1990 by China's National
People's Congress, is Hong Kong's "mini-constitution"
Hungary
18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949; revised 19 April
1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals
and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and
also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997
amendment streamlined the judicial system
Iceland
16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944; amended many times
India
26 January 1950; amended many times
Indonesia
August 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and
Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959
Iran
2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the
presidency and eliminate the prime ministership
Iraq
interim constitution signed 8 March 2004; note - the
Transitional Administrative Law (TAL) was enacted 8 March 2004 to
govern the country until an elected Iraqi Government can draft and
ratify a new constitution in 2005
Ireland
adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite; effective 29 December 1937
Israel
no formal constitution; some of the functions of a
constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948),
the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israeli
citizenship law
Italy
passed 11 December 1947, effective 1 January 1948; amended
many times
Jamaica
6 August 1962
Japan
3 May 1947
Jersey
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Jordan
1 January 1952; amended 1974, 1976, 1984
Kazakhstan
first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January
1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995
Kenya
12 December 1963; amended as a republic 1964; reissued with
amendments 1979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, and 2001
Kiribati
12 July 1979
Korea, North
adopted 1948; completely revised 27 December 1972,
revised again in April 1992, and September 1998
Korea, South
17 July 1948
Kuwait
approved and promulgated 11 November 1962
Kyrgyzstan
adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by
President AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 2 February
2003 significantly expands the powers of the president at the
expense of the legislature
Laos
promulgated 14 August 1991
Latvia
15 February 1922; an October 1998 amendment on Fundamental
Human Rights replaced the 1991 Constitutional Law, which had
supplemented the constitution
Lebanon
23 May 1926; amended a number of times, most recently
Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) of
October 1989
Lesotho
2 April 1993
Liberia
6 January 1986
Libya
11 December 1969; amended 2 March 1977
Liechtenstein
5 October 1921
Lithuania
adopted 25 October 1992
Luxembourg
17 October 1868; occasional revisions
Macau
Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's
Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Macedonia
adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991;
amended November 2001 by a series of new constitutional amendments
strengthening minority rights
Madagascar
19 August 1992 by national referendum
Malawi
18 May 1994
Malaysia
31 August 1957; amended 16 September 1963
Maldives
adopted 1 January 1998
Mali
adopted 12 January 1992
Malta
1964 constitution; amended many times
Man, Isle of
unwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act of
1961 does not embody the unwritten Manx Constitution
Marshall Islands
1 May 1979
Martinique
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Mauritania
12 July 1991
Mauritius
12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Mayotte
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Mexico
5 February 1917
Micronesia, Federated States of
10 May 1979
Moldova
new constitution adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August
1994; replaced old Soviet constitution of 1979
Monaco
17 December 1962
Mongolia
12 February 1992
Montserrat
effective 19 December 1989
Morocco
10 March 1972; revised 4 September 1992, amended (to create
bicameral legislature) September 1996
Mozambique
30 November 1990
Namibia
ratified 9 February 1990, effective 12 March 1990
Nauru
29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968 (Constitution Day)
Nepal
9 November 1990
Netherlands
adopted 1815; amended many times, last time 2002
Netherlands Antilles
29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the
Netherlands, as amended
New Caledonia
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
New Zealand
consists of a series of legal documents, including
certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments, as well as The
Constitution Act 1986, which is the principal formal charter;
adopted 1 January 1987, effective 1 January 1987
Nicaragua
9 January 1987; reforms in 1995 and 2000
Niger
new constitution adopted 18 July 1999
Nigeria
new constitution adopted May 1999
Niue
19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)
Norfolk Island
Norfolk Island Act of 1979
Northern Mariana Islands
Constitution of the Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978; Covenant
Agreement effective 4 November 1986
Norway
17 May 1814; amended many times
Oman
none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal
decree promulgating a basic law considered by the government to be a
constitution which, among other things, clarifies the royal
succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from
holding interests in companies doing business with the government,
establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civil
liberties for Omani citizens
Pakistan
12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored with
amendments 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored 31
December 2002; amended 31 December 2003
Palau
1 January 1981
Panama
11 October 1972; major reforms adopted 1978, 1983, 1994, and
2004
Papua New Guinea
16 September 1975
Paraguay
promulgated 20 June 1992
Peru
31 December 1993
Philippines
2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987
Pitcairn Islands
30 November 1838; reformed 1904 with additional
reforms in 1940; further refined by the Local Government Ordinance
of 1964
Poland
adopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997, passed by
national referendum 25 May 1997, effective 17 October 1997
Portugal
25 April 1976; revised many times
Puerto Rico
ratified 3 March 1952, approved by US Congress 3 July
1952, effective 25 July 1952
Qatar
ratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by
the Emir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005
Reunion
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Romania
8 December 1991; revision effective 29 October 2003
Russia
adopted 12 December 1993
Rwanda
new constitution adopted 4 June 2003
Saint Helena
1 January 1989
Saint Kitts and Nevis
19 September 1983
Saint Lucia
22 February 1979
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
27 October 1979
Samoa
1 January 1962
San Marino
8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the
functions of a constitution
Sao Tome and Principe
approved March 1990, effective 10 September
1990
Saudi Arabia
governed according to Shari'a (Islamic law); the Basic
Law that articulates the government's rights and responsibilities
was introduced in 1993
Senegal
new constitution adopted 7 January 2001
Serbia and Montenegro
4 February 2003
Seychelles
18 June 1993
Sierra Leone
1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times
Singapore
3 June 1959; amended 1965 (based on preindependence State
of Singapore Constitution)
Slovakia
ratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993;
changed in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president;
amended February 2001 to allow Slovakia to apply for NATO and EU
membership
Slovenia
adopted 23 December 1991, effective 23 December 1991
Solomon Islands
7 July 1978
Somalia
25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979
note: the formation of transitional governing institutions, known as
the Transitional Federal Government, is currently ongoing
South Africa
10 December 1996; this new constitution was certified
by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996, was signed by then
President MANDELA on 10 December 1996, and entered into effect on 3
February 1997; it is being implemented in phases
Spain
6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978
Sri Lanka
adopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978; new
constitution proposed in 2002
Sudan
12 April 1973; suspended following coup of 6 April 1985;
interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of
30 June 1989; new constitution implemented on 30 June 1998 partially
suspended 12 December 1999 by President BASHIR
Suriname
ratified 30 September 1987
Swaziland
a constitution was due to be adopted in November 2003 but
was delayed and scheduled for early 2005
Sweden
1 January 1975
Switzerland
revision of Constitution of 1874 approved by the Federal
Parliament 18 December 1998, adopted by referendum 18 April 1999,
officially entered into force 1 January 2000
Syria
13 March 1973
Taiwan
25 December 1946; amended in 1992, 1994, 1997, 1999, and 2000
Tajikistan
6 November 1994
Tanzania
25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984
Thailand
new constitution signed by King PHUMIPHON on 11 October 1997
Togo
multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the
Republic 1 July 1992, adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Tokelau
administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948; amended
in 1970
Tonga
4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967
Trinidad and Tobago
1 August 1976
Tunisia
1 June 1959; amended 1988, 2002
Turkey
7 November 1982
Turkmenistan
adopted 18 May 1992
Turks and Caicos Islands
introduced 30 August 1976; suspended in
1986; restored and revised 5 March 1988
Tuvalu
1 October 1978
Uganda
8 October 1995
Ukraine
adopted 28 June 1996
United Arab Emirates
2 December 1971 (made permanent in 1996)
United Kingdom
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and
practice
United States
17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789
Uruguay
27 November 1966, effective February 1967; suspended 27 June
1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two
constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7
January 1997
Uzbekistan
new constitution adopted 8 December 1992
Vanuatu
30 July 1980
Venezuela
30 December 1999
Vietnam
15 April 1992
Virgin Islands
Revised Organic Act of 22 July 1954
Wallis and Futuna
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Yemen
16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001
Zambia
24 August 1991
Zimbabwe
21 December 1979
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2064 Economic aid - recipient
Afghanistan
international pledges made by more than 60 countries and
international financial institutions at the Berlin Donors Conference
for Afghan reconstruction in March 2004 reached $8.9 billion for
2004-09
Albania
ODA: $315 million (top donors were Italy, EU, Germany) (2000
est.)
Algeria
$122.8 million (2002 est.)
American Samoa
important financial support from the US, more than
$40 million in 1994
Andorra
none
Angola
$383.5 million (1999)
Anguilla
$9 million (2004 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda
$2.3 million (1995)
Argentina
$10 billion (2001 est.)
Armenia
ODA $170 million (2000)
Aruba
$26 million (1995); note - the Netherlands provided a $127
million aid package to Aruba and Suriname in 1996
Azerbaijan
ODA, $140 million (2000 est.)
Bahamas, The
$9.8 million (1995)
Bahrain
$150 million; note - $50 million annually since 1992 from
each of Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Kuwait (2002)
Bangladesh
$1.575 billion (2000 est.)
Barbados
$9.1 million (1995)
Belarus
$194.3 million (1995)
Belize
NA
Benin
$342.6 million (2000)
Bermuda
NA
Bhutan
substantial aid from India and other nations
Bolivia
$681 million (2002)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
$650 million (2001 est.)
Botswana
$73 million (1995)
Brazil
$30 billion (2002)
British Virgin Islands
NA
Brunei
NA
Bulgaria
$300 million (2000 est.)
Burkina Faso
$484.1 million (1995)
Burma
$127 million (2001 est.)
Burundi
$92.7 million (2000)
Cambodia
$504 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for
2005 by international donors
Cameroon
on 23 January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce
Cameroon's debt of $1.3 billion by $900 million; debt relief now
totals $1.26 billion
Cape Verde
$136 million (1999)
Cayman Islands
NA
Central African Republic
ODA $73 million; note - traditional budget
subsidies from France (2000 est.)
Chad
$238.3 million received; note - $125 million committed by
Taiwan (August 1997); $30 million committed by African Development
Bank; ODA $150 million (2001 est.)
Chile
ODA, $0 (2002)
China
NA
Christmas Island
NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA
Colombia
NA
Comoros
$10 million (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
$195.3 million (1995)
Congo, Republic of the
$159.1 million (1995)
Cook Islands
$13.1 million; note - New Zealand continues to furnish
the greater part (1995)
Cote d'Ivoire
ODA, $1 billion (1996 est.)
Croatia
ODA $166.5 million (2002)
Cuba
$68.2 million (1997 est.)
Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus - $17 million (1998); north Cyprus - $700
million from Turkey in grants and loans, which are usually forgiven
(2003)
Czech Republic
$2.4 billion in available EU structural adjustment
and cohesion funds (2004-06)
Djibouti
$36 million (2001)
Dominica
$22.8 million (2003 est.)
Dominican Republic
$239.6 million (1995)
East Timor
$2.2 billion (1999-2002 est.)
Ecuador
$216 million (2002)
Egypt
ODA, $1.12 billion (2002)
El Salvador
$125 million of which, $53 million from US (2003)
Equatorial Guinea
$33.8 million (1995)
Eritrea
$77 million (1999)
Estonia
$108 million (2000)
Ethiopia
$308 million (FY00/01)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
$0 (1997 est.)
Faroe Islands
$135 million (annual subsidy from Denmark) (1998)
Fiji
$40.3 million (1995)
French Guiana
NA
French Polynesia
$367 million (1997)
Gabon
$331 million (1995)
Gambia, The
$45.4 million (1995)
Gaza Strip
$2 billion (includes West Bank) (2004 est.)
Georgia
ODA $150 million (2000 est.)
Ghana
$6.9 billion (1999)
Gibraltar
$NA
Greece
$8 billion from EU (2000-06)
Greenland
$380 million subsidy from Denmark (1997)
Grenada
$8.3 million (1995)
Guadeloupe
NA; note - substantial annual French subsidies (2004)
Guam
Guam receives large transfer payments from the US Federal
Treasury ($143 million in 1997) into which Guamanians pay no income
or excise taxes; under the provisions of a special law of Congress,
the Guam Treasury, rather than the US Treasury, receives federal
income taxes paid by military and civilian Federal employees
stationed in Guam (2001 est.)
Guatemala
$250 million (2000 est.)
Guernsey
NA
Guinea
$359.2 million (1998)
Guinea-Bissau
$115.4 million (1995)
Guyana
$84 million (1995), Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative
(HIPC) $253 million (1997)
Haiti
$150 million (FY04 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City)
none
Honduras
$557.8 million (1999)
Hungary
$4.2 billion in available EU structural adjustment and
cohesion funds (2004-06)
India
$2.9 billion (FY98/99)
Indonesia
$43 billion
note: Indonesia finished its IMF program in December 2003 but still
receives bilateral aid through the Consultative Group on Indonesia
(CGI), which pledged $2.8 billion in grants and loans for 2004 and
again in 2005; nearly $4 billion in aid money pledged by a variety
of foreign governments and other groups following the 2004 tsunami;
money is slated for use in relief and rebuilding efforts in Aceh.
Iran
$408 million (2002 est.)
Iraq
more than $33 billion in foreign aid pledged for 2004-07 (2004)
Israel
$662 million from US (2003 est.)
Jamaica
$16 million (2003)
Jersey
none
Jordan
ODA, $500 million (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan
$74.2 million in US assistance programs, 1992-2000
(FY2004)
Kenya
$453 million (1997)
Kiribati
$15.5 million largely from UK and Japan (2001 est.)
Korea, North
NA; note - over $117 million in food aid through the
World Food Program in 2003 plus additional aid from bilateral donors
and non-governmental organizations
Kuwait
NA (2001)
Kyrgyzstan
$50 million from the US (2001)
Laos
$243 million (2001 est.)
Latvia
$96.2 million (1995)
Lebanon
$2.2 billion received (2003), out of the $4.2 billion in
soft loans pledged at the November 2002 Paris II Aid Conference
Lesotho
$41.5 million (2000)
Liberia
$94 million (1999)
Libya
$4.4 million ODA (2002)
Liechtenstein
none
Lithuania
$228.5 million (1995)
Macau
NA
Macedonia
$250 million (2003 est.)
Madagascar
$354 million (2001)
Malawi
$540 million (1999)
Maldives
NA (1995)
Mali
$596.4 million (2001)
Malta
NA
Man, Isle of
NA
Marshall Islands
more than $1 billion from the US, 1986-2002
Martinique
NA; note - substantial annual aid from France (1998)
Mauritania
$220 million (2000)
Mauritius
$42 million (1997)
Mayotte
$107.7 million; note - extensive French financial assistance
(1995)
Mexico
$1.166 billion (1995)
Micronesia, Federated States of
under terms of the Compact of Free
Association, the US pledged $1.3 billion in grant aid during the
period 1986-2001; the level of aid has been subsequently reduced
Moldova
$100 million (2000)
Monaco
NA
Mongolia
$215 million (2003)
Montserrat
Country Policy Plan (2001) is a three-year program for
spending $122.8 million in British budgetary assistance (2002 est.)
Morocco
ODA $218 million (2002)
Mozambique
$632.8 million (2001)
Namibia
ODA $160 million (2000 est.)
Nauru
$2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.)
Nepal
$424 million (FY00/01)
Netherlands Antilles
IMF provided $61 million in 2000, and the
Netherlands continued its support with $40 million (2000)
New Caledonia
$880 million annual subsidy from France (1998)
Nicaragua
$541.8 million (2003)
Niger
$341 million (1997)
Nigeria
IMF $250 million (1998)
Niue
$2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)
Norfolk Island
NA
Northern Mariana Islands
extensive funding from US
Oman
$76.4 million (1995)
Pakistan
$2.4 billion (FY01/02)
Palau
$155.8 million ; note - the Compact of Free Association with
the US, entered into after the end of the UN trusteeship on 1
October 1994, provides Palau with up to $700 million in US aid over
15 years in return for furnishing military facilities
Panama
$197.1 million (1995)
Papua New Guinea
$400 million (1999 est.)
Paraguay
NA
Peru
$491 million (2002)
Philippines
ODA commitments, $2 billion (2004)
Pitcairn Islands
$3.465 million (2004)
Poland
$17 billion in available EU structural adjustment and
cohesion funds (2004-06)
Puerto Rico
NA (2001)
Qatar
NA
Reunion
NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France (2001
est.)
Russia
in FY01 from US, $979 million (including $750 million in
non-proliferation subsidies); in 2001 from EU, $200 million (2000
est.)
Rwanda
$372.9 million (1999)
Saint Helena
$12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
$8 million (2001)
Saint Lucia
$51.8 million (1995)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
approximately $60 million in annual grants
from France
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
$47.5 million (1995); note - EU
$34.5 million (1998)
Samoa
$42.9 million (1995)
San Marino
$NA
Sao Tome and Principe
$200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC
program
Senegal
$362.6 million (2002 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro
$2 billion pledged in 2001 (disbursements to
follow for several years)
Seychelles
$16.4 million (1995)
Sierra Leone
$103 million (2001 est.)
Singapore
NA
Slovakia
$2.2 billion in available EU structural adjustment and
cohesion funds (2004-06)
Slovenia
ODA, $62 million (2000 est.)
Solomon Islands
$28 million annually, mainly from Australia (2003
est.)
Somalia
$60 million (1999 est.)
South Africa
$487.5 million (2000)
Sri Lanka
$577 million (1998)
Sudan
$172 million (2001)
Suriname
Netherlands provided $37 million for project and program
assistance, European Development Fund $4 million, Belgium $2 million
(1998)
Svalbard
$8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Swaziland
$104 million (2001)
Syria
$180 million (2002 est.)
Tajikistan
$60.7 million from US (2001)
Tanzania
$1.2 billion (2001)
Thailand
$72 million (2002)
Togo
ODA $80 million (2000 est.)
Tokelau
from New Zealand about $4 million annually
Tonga
Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02)
Trinidad and Tobago
$24 million (1999 est.)
Tunisia
$114.6 million (2002)
Turkey
ODA, $635.8 million (2002)
Turkmenistan
$16 million from the US (2001)
Turks and Caicos Islands
$4.1 million (1997)
Tuvalu
$13 million; note - major donors are Australia, Japan, and
the US (1999 est.)
Uganda
$1.4 billion (2000)
Ukraine
$637.7 million (1995); IMF Extended Funds Facility $2.2
billion (1998)
Uruguay
NA
Uzbekistan
$87.4 million from the US (2003)
Vanuatu
$27.5 million (2002)
Venezuela
$74 million (2000)
Vietnam
$2.8 billion in credits and grants pledged by international
donors for 2000 (2004)
Virgin Islands
NA
Wallis and Futuna
assistance from France
West Bank
$2 billion (includes Gaza Strip) (2004 est.)