|| On Sept. 15, || On Jan. 1, || On March 15,
|| 1810. || 1811. || 1811.
|| | || | || |
||Officers.| Men. ||Officers.| Men. ||Officers.| Men.
----------------------------++---------+--------++---------+--------++---------+--------
2ND CORPS, General REYNIER. || | || | || |
|| | || | || |
1st Division, General MERLE:|| | || | || |
Brigade Sarrut: || | || | || |
2nd Léger (1st, 2nd, || | || | || |
3rd, 4th batts.) || 77 | 2,281 || 52 | 1,670 || 54 | 1,343
36th Ligne (1st, 2nd, || | || | || |
3rd, 4th batts.) || 82 | 1,994 || 54 | 1,226 || 73 | 1,163
Brigade Graindorge: || | || | || |
4th Léger (1st, 2nd, || | || | || |
3rd, 4th batts.) || 77 | 2,078 || 48 | 1,318 || 61 | 1,142
|+---------+--------++---------+--------++---------+--------
Divisional Total || 236 | 6,353 || 154 | 4,214 || 188 | 3,648
|| | || | || |
2nd Division, General || | || | || |
HEUDELET: || | || | || |
Brigade Foy: || | || | || |
17th Léger (1st, 2nd, || | || | || |
3rd batts.) || 57 | 1,341 || 48 | 998 || 34 | 876
70th Ligne (1st, 2nd, || | || | || |
3rd, 4th batts.) || 71 | 2,38 || 40 | 1,422 || 41 | 1,231
Brigade Arnaud: || | || | || |
31st Léger (1st, 2nd, || | || | || |
3rd, 4th batts.) || 57 | 1,711 || 44 | 1,641 || 54 | 1,620
47th Ligne (1st, 2nd, || | || | || |
3rd, 4th batts.) || 76 | 2,387 || 64 | 1,461 || 59 | 1,541
|+---------+--------++---------+--------++---------+---------
Divisional Total || 261 | 7,826 || 196 | 5,522 || 188 | 5,268
|| | || | || |
Cavalry Brigade, General P. || | || | || |
SOULT: || | || | || |
1st Hussars, 22nd || | || | || |
Chasseurs, 8th Dragoons,|| | || | || |
Hanoverian Chasseurs || 106 | 1,291 || 92 | 1,048 || 91 | 808
Artillery, Train, Engineers || 25 | 1,554 || 33 | 1,251 || *[641] | *[641]
État-Major || 66 | -- || 65 | -- || 60 | --
|+---------+--------++---------+--------++---------+--------
Grand Total of Corps || 694 | 17,024 || 540 |12,035 || 527 | 9,724
[641] Not stated separately. All the Artillery of the Army of
Portugal is placed under one head in the return of March 15, and
not distributed to the corps.
|| | || | || |
6TH CORPS, Marshal NEY. || | || | || |
|| | || | || |
1st Division, General || | || | || |
MARCHAND: || | || | || |
Brigade Maucune: || | || | || |
6th Léger (1st, 2nd || | || | || |
batts.) || 42 | 1,436 || 29 | 1,008 || 33 | 1,011
69th Ligne (1st, 2nd, || | || | || |
3rd batts.) || 56 | 1,661 || 47 | 1,198 || 42 | 1,058
Brigade Marcognet: || | || | || |
39th Ligne (1st, 2nd, || | || | || |
3rd batts.) || 58 | 1,628 || 54 | 1,249 || 37 | 1,150
76th Ligne (1st, 2nd, || | || | || |
3rd batts.) || 58 | 1,732 || 52 | 1,350 || 39 | 1,247
|+---------+--------++---------+--------++---------+--------
Divisional Total || 214 | 6,457 || 182 | 4,805 || 151 | 4,466
|| | || | || |
2nd Division, General || | || | || |
MERMET: || | || | || |
Brigade Bardet: || | || | || |
25th Léger (1st, 2nd || | || | || |
batts.) || 37 | 1,678 || 39 | 1,363 || 37 | 1,275
27th Ligne (1st, 2nd, || | || | || |
3rd batts.) || 59 | 1,827 || 59 | 1,550 || 32 | 1,185
Brigade Labassée: || | || | || |
50th Ligne (1st, 2nd, || | || | || |
3rd batts.) || 65 | 2,056 || 54 | 1,551 || 51 | 1,431
59th Ligne (1st, 2nd, || | || | || |
3rd batts.) || 60 | 1,834 || 60 | 1,556 || 42 | 1,430
|+---------+--------++---------+--------++---------+--------
Divisional Total || 221 | 7,395 || 212 | 6,040 || 162 | 5,321
|| | || | || |
3rd Division, General || | || | || |
LOISON: || | || | || |
Brigade Simon: || | || | || |
26th Ligne (5th, 6th, || | || | || |
7th batts.) || 64 | 1,561 || 46 | 989 || 47 | 1,077
Légion du Midi || 18 | 546 || 17 | 363 || 15 | 397
Légion Hanovrienne (2 || | || | || |
batts.) || 29 | 1,129 || 19 | 611 || 23 | 698
Brigade Ferey: || | || | || |
32nd Léger (2nd batt.) || 20 | 393 || 14 | 243 || 18 | 262
66th Ligne (4th, 5th, || | || | || |
6th batts.) || 68 | 1,762 || 42 | 1,353 || 44 | 1,316
82nd Ligne (4th and 6th || | || | || |
batts.)[642] || 40 | 1,196 || 25 | 733 || 36 | 801
|+---------+--------++---------+--------++---------+--------
Divisional Total || 239 | 6,587 || 163 | 4,292 || 183 | 4,551
|| | || | || |
Cavalry Brigade, Gen. || | || | || |
LAMOTTE: || | || | || |
3rd Hussars, 15th || | || | || |
Chasseurs || 74 | 1,606 || 48 | 604 || 51 | 839
Artillery, Train, || | || | [643]|| |
Engineers || 28 | 1,403 || 34 | 1,735 || * | *
État-Major || 82 | -- || 77 | -- || 70 | --
|+---------+--------++---------+--------++---------+--------
Grand total of Corps || 858 | 23,448 || 716 | 17,476 || 617 | 15,177
[642] The 82nd had detached its 5th battalion, 575 strong, to
form part of the garrison of Almeida.
[643] Some fractions of the general artillery reserve had been
transferred to the corps since Sept. 15, hence the rise in
numbers.
|| | || | || |
8TH CORPS, General JUNOT, || | || | || |
Duc d’Abrantès. || | || | || |
|| | || | || |
1st Division, General || | || | || |
CLAUSEL: || | || | || |
Brigade Ménard: || | || | || |
19th Ligne (4th batt.) || 19 | 634 || 18 | 278 || [644]| 231
25th Ligne (4th batt.) || 16 | 571 || 15 | 253 || [644]| 238
28th Ligne (4th batt.) || 17 | 442 || 19 | 324 || [644]| 250
34th Ligne (4th batt.) || 15 | 624 || 13 | 342 || [644]| 305
Brigade Taupin: || | || | || |
15th Léger (4th batt.) || 21 | 813 || 17 | 485 || 18 | 501
46th Ligne (4th batt.) || 18 | 546 || 15 | 259 || [644]| 202
75th Ligne (4th batt.) || 19 | 532 || 16 | 233 || [644]| 178
Brigade Godard: || | || | || |
22nd Ligne (1st, 2nd, || | || | || |
3rd, 4th batts.) || 80 | 2,427 || 72 | 1,648 || 70 | 1,617
|+---------+--------++---------+--------++---------+--------
Divisional Total || 205 | 6,589 || 185 | 3,822 || 88 | 3,522
|| | || | || |
2nd Division, General || | || | || |
SOLIGNAC: || | || | || |
Brigade Gratien: || | || | || |
15th Ligne (1st, 2nd, || | || | || |
3rd batts.)[645] || 63 | 1,262 || 58 | 925 || 62 | 906
86th Ligne (1st, 2nd, || | || | || |
3rd batts.)[646] || 55 | 1,090 || 54 | 1,006 || 43 | 982
Brigade Thomières: || | || | || |
65th Ligne (1st, 2nd, || | || | || |
3rd, 4th batts.) || 82 | 2,680 || 80 | 1,951 || 65 | 1,555
Régiment Irlandais || 37 | 971 || 23 | 525 || 21 | 462
Régiment de Prusse || 29 | 957 || 22 | 354 || 22 | 435
|+---------+--------++---------+--------++---------+--------
Divisional Total || 266 | 6,960 || 237 | 4,761 || 213 | 4,340
|| | || | || |
Cavalry Division Gen. Ste.|| | || | || |
CROIX: || | || | || |
1st, 2nd, 4th, 9th, || | || | || |
14th, 26th Dragoons, || | || | || |
two squadrons of each || 92 | 1,771 || 86 | 895 || 118 | 1,443
Artillery, Train, || | [646]|| | [647]|| |
Engineers || 17 | 964 || 23 | 1,083 || * | *
État-Major || 75 | -- || 69 | -- || 70 | --
|+---------+--------++---------+--------++---------+--------
General Total of Corps || 655 | 16,284 || 600 | 10,561 || 489 | 9,305
[644] By March 15 these six battalions had got so weak that their
cadres had been sent back to France, and the remaining rank and
file were being drafted into the regiments of the 2nd Corps.
[645] These regiments had detached their 4th battalions, 578 and
873 strong respectively, to form the garrison of Ciudad Rodrigo.
[646] Like the 6th Corps, the 8th had received part of the
General Park of the army, and absorbed it.
[647] About 17 officers and 150 men had been drafted into the
garrisons of Almeida and Rodrigo.
|| | || | || |
RESERVE OF CAVALRY, || | || | || |
General MONTBRUN. || | || | || |
Brigade Lorcet: || | || | || |
3rd[648] and 6th || | || | || |
Dragoons || 52 | 1,040 || 51 | 793 || 51 | 733
Brigade Cavrois: || | || | || |
11th Dragoons[649] || 27 | 634 || 28 | 557 || 28 | 551
Brigade Ornano: || | || | || |
15th and 25th Dragoons || 57 | 1,369 || 57 | 1,178 || 58 | 1,014
Horse Artillery || 6 | 294 || 4 | 162 || * | *
|+---------+--------++---------+--------++---------+--------
Divisional Total || 142 | 3,337 || 140 | 2,690 || 137 | 2,298
|| | || | || |
Artillery Reserve, Train, || | || | || |
and Engineers not || | || | || |
attached to any || | || | || | [651]
corps[650] || 54 | 2,311 || 42 | 1,546 || 127 | 5,728
Gendarmerie || 6 | 171 || 7 | 190 || 6 | 210
État-Major of the Army and|| | || | || |
officers not attached to|| | || | || |
any corps || 66 | -- || 60 | -- || 62 | --
|+---------+--------++---------+--------++---------+--------
Total of the whole Army || 2,475 | 62,575 || 2,105 | 44,488 || 1,965 | 42,442
----------------------------++---------+--------++---------+--------++---------+--------
[648] The 3rd Dragoons left one squadron, 157 men, at Almeida.
[649] The 10th Dragoons, the other regiments of this brigade, 718
strong, had been left at Ciudad Rodrigo under General Gardanne.
[650] About 300 artillerymen left at Ciudad Rodrigo and Almeida.
[651] This includes not only the original reserve artillery,
park, &c., of the army, but the whole of the artillery of the
three corps, which is not distributed among them in the return of
March 15, 1811.
NOTE.--On Dec. 26 General Gardanne brought up to the front the
4/86th Line originally left at Ciudad Rodrigo, and some drafts,
making in all 1,393 men; these are counted in the figures of Jan. 1,
1811. On Feb. 5 General Foy brought up in a similar fashion 1,862
convalescents and drafts: these are counted in the figures of March
15, 1811.
The losses of the original 65,050 men who entered Portugal were
therefore greater by 3,255 casualties than is shown in the table. The
increase in the number of some regiments (e. g. 47th Line and Ste.
Croix’s Dragoons) between Jan. 1 and March 15 is thus explained. Of
the original 65,000 only 40,000 remained, not 44,000, on March 15,
1811.
There is another ‘return’ in the Archives Nationaux dated Sept. 27
where the figures are slightly lower than those given above, the
total running to 62,538 effectives present instead of 65,050. The
2,500 men deficient represent the sick, stragglers, etc. between
Sept. 15 and Sept. 27. The Second Corps for example returns 896 ‘sick
present’ in addition to its 16,641 ‘effectives present.’ The 62,538
represent therefore the exact fighting-force at Bussaco.
N.B.--No French return gives the 44th Équipage de Marine, which
certainly marched with Masséna on Sept. 15. This naval battalion of
924 men should be added to the total.
IX
BRITISH LOSSES AT THE COMBAT OF THE COA, JULY 24, 1810
_Killed._ _Wounded._ _Missing._ _Total._
Officers. Men. Officers. Men. Officers. Men.
Staff -- -- 1 -- -- -- 1
1/43rd Foot 3 15 10 86 -- 15 129
1/52nd Foot -- 1 2 16 -- 3 22
1/95th Foot 1 11 8 55 1 53 129
1st Portuguese
Caçadores -- 2 -- 7 -- 7 16
3rd ditto -- 2 1 24 -- 2 29
Cavalry--1st
Hussar, K.G.L.,
and 16th Light
Dragoons -- 1 1 3 -- 2 7
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Total 4 32 23 191 1 82 333
The total in the text, as in Wellington’s dispatch, is wrong because
of the omission of the 16 wounded of the 1/52nd who are inserted from
the regimental returns, Wellington made out the total to be 317.
X
WELLINGTON’S ARMY AT BUSSACO, SEPT. 27, 1810
INFANTRY
1st Division, General SPENCER:
Stopford’s Brigade: _Officers._ _Men._
1st Coldstream Guards 24 790 }
1st Scots Fusilier Guards 26 791 } 1,684
1 company 5/60th Foot 2 51 }
Lord Blantyre’s Brigade:
24th Foot, 2nd batt. 30 338 }
42nd ” 23 391 } 1,516
61st ” 1st ” 36 648 }
1 company 5/60th Foot 3 47 }
Löwe’s Brigade:
1st Line batt. K.G.L. 28 510 }
2nd ” ” 31 453 }
5th ” ” 30 460 } 2,061
7th ” ” 24 429 }
Detachment Light Batts. K.G.L. 6 90 }
Pakenham’s Brigade:
7th Foot, 1st batt. 26 843 } 1,792
79th ” ” 38 885 }
---- ------ ------
Total of 1st Division 327 6,726 7,053
2nd Division, General HILL:
W. Stewart’s Brigade:
3rd Foot, 1st batt. 32 826 }
31st ” 2nd ” 27 384 }
48th ” ” 27 454 } 2,247
66th ” ” 30 433 }
1 company 5/60th Foot 1 33 }
Inglis’s Brigade:
29th Foot 31 430 }
48th ” 1st batt. 32 519 } 1,818
57th ” ” 28 727 }
1 company 5/60th Foot 1 50 }
Catlin Craufurd’s (Wilson’s) Brigade:
28th Foot, 2nd batt. 32 522 }
34th ” ” 36 617 } 1,672
39th ” ” 27 394 }
1 company 5/60 Foot 2 42 }
Hamilton’s Portuguese Division attached to 2nd Division:
Archibald Campbell’s Brigade:
4th Line Regiment (two batts.) -- 1,164 } 2,250[652]
10th ” ” ” -- 1,086 }
Fonseca’s Brigade:
2nd Line Regiment (two batts.) -- 1,317 } 2,690[652]
14th ” ” ” -- 1,373 }
---- ------ ------
Total of 2nd Division 306 10,371 10,677
3rd Division, General PICTON:
Mackinnon’s Brigade:
45th Foot, 1st batt. 35 560 }
74th ” ” 38 456 } 1,808
88th ” ” 40 679 }
Lightburne’s Brigade:
5th Foot, 2nd batt. 31 464 }
83rd ” 2nd ” 43 461 } 1,160
90th ” 5th ” (three companies) 16 145 }
Champlemond’s (vice Harvey’s) Portuguese Brigade:
9th Line Regiment (two batts.) -- 1,234 }
21st ” ” (one batt.) -- 541 } 1,775[652]
---- ------ ------
Total of 3rd Division 203 4,540 4,743
4th Division, Major-General COLE:
Alex. Campbell’s Brigade:
7th Foot, 2nd batt. 29 585 }
11th ” 1st ” 42 920 } 2,109
53rd ” 2nd ” 25 448 }
1 company 5/60th Foot 2 58 }
Kemmis’s Brigade:
27th Foot, 3rd batt. 34 785 }
40th ” 1st ” 48 1,007 } 2,448
97th ” 27 493 }
1 company 5/60th Foot 4 50 }
Collins’s Portuguese Brigade:
11th Line (two batts.) -- 1,438 } 2,843[652]
23rd ” ” -- 1,405 }
---- ------ ------
Total of 4th Division 211 7,189 7,400
5th Division, General LEITH:
Barnes’s Brigade:
1st Foot, 3rd batt. 35 733 }
9th ” 1st ” 30 585 } 1,879
38th ” 2nd ” 29 467 }
Spry’s Portuguese Brigade:
3rd Line (two batts.) -- 1,134 }
15th ” ” -- 905 } 2,619[652]
Thomar Militia (attached) -- 580 }
Lusitanian Legion (three batts.),
Baron Eben[653] -- 1,646 } 2,807[652]
8th Line (two batts.), Colonel Douglas -- 1,161 }
---- ------ ------
Total of 5th Division 94 7,211 7,305
Light Division, Brigadier-General CRAUFURD:
Beckwith’s Brigade:
43rd Foot, 1st batt. 40 804 }
95th ” ” (four companies) 12 384 } 1,896[652]
3rd Portuguese Caçadores -- 656 }
Barclay’s Brigade:
52nd Foot, 1st batt. 29 946 }
95th ” ” (four companies) 12 358 } 1,891[652]
1st Portuguese Caçadores -- 546 }
---- ------ ------
Total of Light Division 93 3,694 3,787
Independent Brigades of Portuguese Infantry:
1st Brigade, Brig.-Gen. D. Pack:
1st Line Regiment (two batts.) -- 1,089 }
16th ” ” ” -- 1,130 } 2,769
4th batt. Caçadores -- 550 }
5th Brigade, Brig.-Gen. A. Campbell:
6th Line Regiment (two batts.) -- 1,317 }
18th ” ” ” -- 1,386 } 3,249
6th batt. Caçadores -- 546 }
6th Brigade, Brig.-Gen. Coleman:
7th Line Regiment (two batts.) -- 815 }
19th ” ” ” -- 1,124 } 2,345
2nd batt. Caçadores -- 406 }
------
Total of Independent Portuguese Brigades 8,363
[652] In the Portuguese regiments the officers are counted in
with the men.
[653] Leith in his report (Wellington, _Supplementary
Dispatches_, vi. 636) gives the above brigading. The Portuguese
official list of troops present (given by Soriano da Luz, iii)
puts Eben as commanding an imperfect brigade, consisting of the
8th Line only, while the Lusitanian legion is given as a separate
force under Lieut.-Col. Grant.
CAVALRY
4th Dragoons (two squadrons) 15 195
ARTILLERY
{ Horse 18 314
British { Field 37 663
K.G.L. Field 19 299
Portuguese --[654] 880[655]
---- ------ ------
Total Artillery 74 2,156 2,230
[654] In the Portuguese regiments the officers are counted in with
the men.
[655] This figure includes two batteries not present, but detached
with Lecor’s division beyond the Mondego. The totals can not be
distinguished.
ENGINEERS 24 19 43
WAGGON TRAIN 25 397 422
STAFF CORPS 1 40 41
GENERAL TOTAL
_British._ _Portuguese._ _Total._
Infantry 24,777 24,549 49,326
Cavalry 210 -- 210
Artillery 1,350 880 2,230
Engineers 43 -- 43
Waggon Train 422 -- 422
Staff Corps 41 -- 41
------ ------ ------
Total present at Bussaco 26,843 25,429 52,272
N.B.--It may be convenient to give here the list of the units of
Wellington’s field army which were _not_ present at the battle of
Bussaco; these were:--
BRITISH CAVALRY:
De Grey’s Brigade: _Officers._ _Men._
3rd Dragoon Guards 18 392 } 620
4th Dragoons (two squadrons) 14 196 }
(Near Mealhada.)
Slade’s Brigade:
1st Dragoons 20 513 } 967
14th Light Dragoons 17 417 }
Anson’s Brigade:
16th Light Dragoons 23 440 } 902
1st Hussars, K.G.L. 19 420 }
(Both near Mealhada.)
Fane’s Brigade:
13th Light Dragoons 29 401 430
PORTUGUESE CAVALRY (under Fane):
1st Regiment -- 422 }
4th ” -- 451 } 1,450
7th ” -- 223 }
10th ” -- 354 }
(All beyond the Alva in the direction of Chamusca, &c.)
LECOR’S Portuguese Division:
Bradford’s Brigade:
12th Line Regiment (two batts.) -- 1,277 }
13th ” ” ” -- 1,078 } 2,811
5th batt. Caçadores -- 456 }
Militia Brigade:
Three regiments (Idanha, Castello Branco,
Covilhão) -- ?2,000 2,000
------
4,811
(At and about Ponte de Murcella, and behind the Alva.)
In garrison at Lisbon, 88th Foot, 2nd batt. }
In march for Lisbon, 58th ” ” } 68 1,086
At Raiva, 1 comp. K.G.L. }
Sick -- 6,565
‘On command’ -- 2,220
Of the remaining Portuguese regiments Nos. 5 and 17 were at Elvas,
No. 20 at Cadiz, No. 22 at Abrantes, No. 24 had been taken prisoner
at Almeida. These are not part of the field army.
The total of the fractions of the field army not present at Bussaco
was 9,180.
XI
MASSÉNA’S ORDERS FOR THE BATTLE OF BUSSACO
_Moura_, 26 7bre 1810.
Demain le 27 7bre l’armée attaquera les hauteurs en avant de Moura
occupées par l’armée ennemie.
Le 2nd Corps attaquera la droite de l’armée ennemie: il tentera à cet
effet de couper la ligne, en gravissant un des points de la montagne
le plus accessible. Il y arrivera par une ou deux colonnes, en se
faisant précéder par des tirailleurs. Une fois arrivé sur le sommet
du point qu’il aura décidé d’attaquer, il se formera en colonne
serrée, et descendra par la crête de la montagne sur le chemin de
Coimbre. Le point où il devra s’arrêter est le Couvent de _Bussaco_.
Il aura soin de se former une réserve, pour se soutenir au besoin.
Son artillerie sera disposée de manière à pouvoir contrebattre celle
de l’ennemi, et à lui servir de point d’appui.
Le 6me Corps attaquera par les deux chemins qui conduisent sur la
route de Coimbre; une de ses divisions formera sa réserve, et son
artillerie sera placée par différentes positions, pour pouvoir le
soutenir au besoin. M. le Maréchal Ney disposera ses deux colonnes
d’attaque de manière à donner quand le Général Reynier sera maître
des hauteurs, et qu’il marchera sur le Couvent de _Bussaco_. Ce sera
à M. le Maréchal Ney à presser son attaque s’il voit que l’ennemi
s’avance pour faire un mouvement sur le Général Reynier, ou pour
faire un mouvement de retraite (_sic_)[656]. M. le Maréchal est trop
pénétré de l’à-propos de son mouvement pour qu’on le lui détermine.
Il se fera précéder par ses tirailleurs. Arrivé sur la crête de la
montagne il se mettra en bataille pour l’ensemble des mouvements
ultérieurs de l’armée.
[656] A strange phrase. How could the enemy ‘advance in order to
make movement of retreat’?
Le 8me Corps se rassemblera en arrière de Moura à 6 heures du matin.
Il y prendra position, et fera des dispositions pour soutenir au
besoin les corps d’armée attaquants, et pour marcher lui-même à
l’ennemi.
Son artillerie sera placée de manière à arrêter l’ennemi s’il faisait
un mouvement en avant.
La réserve de Cavalerie sera placée sur la route de Coimbre, en
arrière et au centre du 8me Corps.
Le Maréchal Prince d’Essling: Signé MASSÉNA.
Copie conforme: Le Gén. de division B. N. Fririon.
Pour son Excellence M. le duc d’Abrantès.
XII
LOSSES AT BUSSACO
ENGLISH AND PORTUGUESE
--------------------------++-----------++-----------++-----------++------
|| _Killed._ || _Wounded._|| _Missing._||
||Offi-| ||Offi-| ||Offi-| ||
||cers.| Men.||cers.| Men.||cers.| Men.||Total.
--------------------------++-----+-----++-----+-----++-----+-----++------
1st DIVISION (Spencer): || | || | || | ||
Stopford’s Brigade: || | || | || | ||
1st Coldstream Guards || -- | -- || -- | -- || -- | -- || --
1/3rd Guards || -- | -- || -- | 2 || -- | -- || 2
Blantyre’s Brigade: || | || | || | ||
24th Foot, 2nd batt. || -- | -- || 1 | -- || -- | -- || 1
42nd ” ” || -- | -- || -- | 6 || -- | -- || 6
61st ” 1st ” || -- | -- || -- | -- || -- | -- || --
Löwe’s Brigade: || | || | || | ||
1st Line batt. K.G.L. || -- | 3 || 1 | 5 || -- | -- || 9
2nd ” ” ” || -- | 1 || 1 | 6 || -- | 1 || 9
5th ” ” ” || -- | 1 || -- | 9 || -- | -- || 10
7th ” ” ” || -- | -- || -- | 9 || -- | -- || 9
Light Companies || -- | 1 || -- | 11 || -- | 3 || 15
Pakenham’s Brigade: || | || | || | ||
7th Foot, 1st batt. || -- | 1 || 1 | 22 || -- | -- || 24
79th ” ” || -- | 7 || 1 | 41 || 1 | 6 || 56
|+-----+-----++-----+-----++-----+-----++------
Divisional Loss || -- | 14 || 5 | 111 || 1 | 10 || 141
2nd DIVISION (Hill). No Losses whatever.
3rd DIVISION (Picton): || | || | || | ||
Mackinnon’s Brigade: || | || | || | ||
45th Foot, 1st batt. || 3 | 22 || 4 | 109 || -- | 12 || 150
74th ” || 1 | 6 || 1 | 21 || -- | 2 || 31
88th ” ” || 1 | 30 || 8 | 94 || -- | 1 || 134
Lightburne’s Brigade: || | || | || | ||
5th Foot, 2nd batt. || -- | 1 || -- | 7 || -- | -- || 8
60th ” 5th ” || -- | 3 || 5 | 16 || -- | 5 || 29[657]
83rd ” 2nd ” || -- | -- || 1 | 4 || -- | -- || 5
Champlemond’s Portuguese|| | || | || | ||
Brigade: || | || | || | ||
9th Line (two batts.) || -- | 5 || 1 | 23 || -- | -- || 29
21st ” (one batt.) || 2 | 13 || 5 | 67 || -- | -- || 87
|+-----+-----++-----+-----++-----+-----++------
Divisional Loss || 7 | 80 || 25 | 341 || -- | 20 || 473
4th DIVISION (Cole). No Losses whatever.
5th DIVISION (Leith): || | || | || | ||
Barnes’s Brigade: || | || | || | ||
1st Foot, 3rd batt. || -- | -- || -- | -- || -- | -- || --
9th ” 1st ” || -- | 5 || 1 | 18 || -- | -- || 24
38th ” 2nd ” || -- | 5 || 1 | 17 || -- | -- || 23
[657] The greater part of the losses of this battalion were
in the companies attached to other brigades, but the total is
inserted here.
Spry’s Portuguese Brigade:
3rd and 15th Line. No losses whatever.
Lusitanian Legion. No losses whatever.
Portuguese 8th Line: || | || | || | ||
two batts. || 1 | 29 || 3 | 102 || -- | 9 || 144
|+-----+-----++-----+-----++-----+-----++------
Divisional Loss || 1 | 39 || 5 | 137 || -- | 9 || 191
|| | || | || | ||
LIGHT DIVISION || | || | || | ||
(Craufurd): || | || | || | ||
43rd Foot, 1st batt. || -- | -- || -- | 8 || -- | -- || 8
52nd ” ” || -- | 3 || 3 | 10 || -- | -- || 16
95th ” ” || -- | 9 || -- | 32 || -- | -- || 41
1st Caçadores || -- | 2 || -- | 20 || -- | 1 || 23
3rd ” || -- | 10 || 3 | 76 || -- | -- || 89
|+-----+-----++-----+-----++-----+-----++------
Divisional Loss || -- | 24 || 6 | 146 || -- | 1 || 177
|| | || | || | ||
Pack’s Portuguese || | || | || | ||
Brigade: || | || | || | ||
1st Line (two batts.) || 1 | 4 || 2 | 32 || -- | -- || 39
16th ” ” || 1 | 2 || 2 | 26 || -- | 2 || 33
4th Caçadores || 1 | 9 || 4 | 52 || -- | -- || 66
Coleman’s Portuguese || | || | || | ||
Brigade: || | || | || | ||
7th Line (two batts.) || -- | -- || -- | 3 || -- | -- || 3
19th ” ” || -- | 8 || 1 | 28 || -- | -- || 37
2nd Caçadores || -- | 6 || -- | 30 || -- | 7 || 43
A. Campbell’s Portuguese|| | || | || | ||
Brigade: || | || | || | ||
6th Line (two batts.) || -- | -- || -- | -- || -- | -- || --
18th ” ” || -- | -- || -- | -- || -- | -- || --
6th Caçadores || -- | 1 || 1 | 20 || -- | 1 || 23
|+-----+-----++-----+-----++-----+-----++------
Total || 3 | 30 || 10 | 191 || -- | 10 || 244
|| | || | || | ||
ARTILLERY: || | || | || | ||
British || -- | 1 || -- | 7 || -- | -- || 8
K.G.L. || -- | -- || -- | 3 || -- | -- || 3
Portuguese || -- | 1 || -- | 8 || -- | -- || 9
|+-----+-----++-----+-----++-----+-----++--------
Total || -- | 2 || -- | 18 || -- | -- || 20
|| | || | || | ||
GENERAL STAFF || -- | -- || 6 | -- || -- | -- || 6
|+-----+-----++-----+-----++-----+-----++------
Grand Total || 11 | 189 || 57 | 944 || 1 | 50 || 1252
of whom British || 5 | 99 || 34 | 457 || 1 | 30 || 626[658]
” Portuguese || 6 | 90 || 23 | 487 || -- | 20 || 626[658]
[658] An extraordinary coincidence in the total losses of the two
nations!
XIII
FRENCH LOSSES AT BUSSACO
-----------------------++----------------++----------------++-------
|| Killed || ||
|| or prisoners. || Wounded. || Total.
||Officers.| Men. ||Officers.| Men. ||
-----------------------++---------+------++---------+------++-------
2ND CORPS. || | || | ||
|| | || | ||
MERLE’S Division || | || | ||
Sarrut’s Brigade: || | || | ||
2nd Léger || 2 | 81 || 16 | 209 || 308
36th Ligne || 6 | 178 || 22 | 277 || 483
Graindorge’s Brigade:|| | || | ||
4th Léger || 11 | 118 || 9 | 110 || 248
Artillery || -- | -- || -- | 2 || 2
|+---------+------++---------+------++-------
Divisional Total || 19 | 377 || 47 | 598 || 1,041
|| | || | ||
HEUDELET’S Division: || | || | ||
Foy’s Brigade: || | || | ||
17th Léger || 2 | 60 || 20 | 271 || 353
70th Ligne || 6 | 54 || 11 | 246 || 317
Arnaud’s Brigade: || | || | ||
31st Léger || 3 | 67 || 7 | 219 || 296
47th Ligne || -- | -- || 3 | 3 || 6
Artillery || -- | -- || -- | 6 || 6
|+---------+------++---------+------++-------
Divisional Total || 11 | 181 || 41 | 745 || 978
|| | || | ||
Corps Troops: || | || | ||
Engineers || -- | 1 || -- | 2 || 3
Train || -- | 1 || -- | -- || 1
|+---------+------++---------+------++-------
Grand Total || 30 | 560 || 88 |1,345 || 2,023
-----------------------++---------+------++---------+------++-------
[Signed: BARBOT, Saldere, Oct. 1.]
This return from the _Archives du Ministère de la Guerre_ omits
the État-Major, which had one officer killed and four wounded, and
the Cavalry, which, though in reserve, had some slight losses, for
Martinien’s _Liste des Officiers_ shows that the 8th Dragoons and
the 1st Hussars had each one officer wounded, and that Pierre Soult,
the general commanding the brigade, was also hit; probably ten or a
dozen casualties among the men are implied. But the casualties must
have been very few in the mounted arm. Fririon, Masséna’s chief of
the Staff, says that the prisoners of the second corps came to 15
officers and 349 rank and file, many of them wounded. If so, the
killed must have amounted to 15 officers and 211 men.
-----------------------++----------------++----------------++-------
|| Killed || ||
|| or prisoners. || Wounded. || Total.
||Officers.| Men. ||Officers.| Men. ||
-----------------------++---------+------++---------+------++-------
|| | || | ||
6TH CORPS. || | || | ||
|| | || | ||
MARCHAND’S Division: || | || | ||
Maucune’s Brigade: || | || | ||
6th Léger || 2 | 70 || 12 | 281 || 365
69th Ligne || 2 | 44 || 18 | 416 || 480
Marcognet’s Brigade: || | || | ||
39th Ligne || -- | 19 || 3 | 213 || 235
76th Ligne || -- | 7 || 3 | 83 || 93
|+---------+------++---------+------++-------
Divisional Total || 4 | 140 || 36 | 993 || 1,173
|| | || | ||
MERMET’S Division: || | || | ||
Bardet’s Brigade: || | || | ||
25th Léger || -- | 3 || -- | 20 || 23
27th Ligne || -- | -- || 1 | -- || 1
Labassée’s Brigade: || | || | ||
(50th, 59th) || | || | ||
no losses || -- | -- || -- | -- || --
|+---------+------++---------+------++-------
Divisional Total || -- | 3 || 1 | 20 || 24
|| | || | ||
LOISON’S Division: || | || | ||
Simon’s Brigade: || | || | ||
26th Ligne || 6 | 37 || 15 | 225 || 283
Légion du Midi || 1 | 32 || 5 | 273 || 311
Légion Hanovrienne || 4 | 26 || 5 | 182 || 217
Ferey’s Brigade: || | || | ||
32nd Léger || 2 | 13 || 3 | 95 || 113
66th Ligne || 5 | 15 || 15 | 123 || 158
82nd Ligne || 3 | 18 || 4 | 145 || 170
|+---------+------++---------+------++-------
Divisional Total || 21 | 141 || 47 |1,043 || 1,252
|| | || | ||
ÉTAT-MAJOR: || -- | -- || 7 | -- || 7
|+---------+------++---------+------++-------
Grand Total || 25 | 284 || 91 |2,056 || 2,456
-----------------------++---------+------++---------+------++-------
No return from the Artillery, part of which was engaged beside Moura,
and must have had a few casualties, like that of the 2nd Corps.
8TH CORPS. Junot’s corps having been in reserve, we should not have
expected to find any casualties, but Martinien’s lists show a few
officers--five in all--hit, in the 28th and 86th Ligne, besides
an aide-de-camp of Clausel wounded. This must mean that the corps
caught a few stray shells when it was brought up to cover the retreat
of Ney’s routed divisions. It would be a minimum to estimate the
losses at sixty. Three of Masséna’s _adjoints de l’État-Major_, and
an officer from the Grand Park, are also mentioned as wounded in
Martinien’s lists.
The total of the French losses therefore must have been quite 4,600
killed, wounded, and missing. The return accounts for no prisoners
from the 6th Corps. But General Simon was certainly captured, and he
is not likely to have been the _sole_ prisoner.
XIV
WELLINGTON’S ARMY WITHIN THE LINES OF TORRES VEDRAS. MORNING STATE OF
NOV. 1, 1810
I. BRITISH TROOPS (effective, without sick or detached)
_Officers._ _Men._ _Total._
CAVALRY DIVISION (STAPLETON COTTON):
De Grey’s Brigade: 3rd Dragoon Guards and
4th Dragoons 51 753 804
Slade’s Brigade: 1st Dragoons and 14th Light
Dragoons 40 858 898
Anson’s Brigade: 16th Light Dragoons and
1st Hussars K.G.L. 39 769 808
Unbrigaded: 13th Light Dragoons 23 300 323
---- ------ ------
Total Cavalry 153 2,680 2,833
---- ------ ------
INFANTRY
1st DIVISION (SPENCER):
Stopford’s Brigade: 1st Coldstream Guards,
1st Scots Fusilier Guards, and one company
5/60th Foot 61 1,624 1,685
Cameron’s Brigade: 2/24th, 2/42nd, 1/79th Foot,
and one company 5/60th 101 1,438 1,539
Erskine’s Brigade: 1/50th, 1/71st, 1/92nd Foot,
and one company 5/60th Foot 108 1,935 2,043
Löwe’s Brigade: 1st, 2nd, 5th, 7th Line
battalion K.G.L., and a light company K.G.L. 120 1,561 1,681
---- ------ ------
Divisional Total 390 6,558 6,948
---- ------ ------
2nd DIVISION (HILL):
Colborne’s Brigade: 1/3rd, 2/31st, 2/48th,
2/66th Foot, and one company 5/60th 138 1,967 2,105
Houghton’s Brigade: 29th, 1/48th, 1/57th, and
one company 5/60th Foot 97 1,560 1,657
Lumley’s Brigade: 2/28th, 2/34th, 2/39th, and
one company 5/60th Foot 94 1,395 1,489
---- ------ ------
Divisional Total 329 4,922 5,251
---- ------ ------
3rd DIVISION (PICTON):
Mackinnon’s Brigade: 1/45th, 1/74th,
1/88th Foot 117 1,564 1,681
Colville’s Brigade: 2/5th, 2/83rd, 94th,
and three companies 5/60th Foot 122 1,533 1,655
---- ------ ------
Divisional Total 239 3,097 3,336
---- ------ ------
4th DIVISION (COLE):
Kemmis’s Brigade: 2/27th, 1/40th, 97th,
and one company of 5/60th Foot 118 2,454 2,572
Pakenham’s Brigade: 1/7th, 1/61st Foot, and
Brunswick-Oels Jägers 125 2,095 2,220
---- ------ ------
Divisional Total 243 4,549 4,792
---- ------ ------
5th DIVISION (LEITH):
Hay’s Brigade: 3/1st, 1/9th, 2/38th Foot 89 1,958 2,047
Dunlop’s Brigade: 2/30th, 2/44th Foot 56 1,126 1,182
---- ------ ------
Divisional Total 145 3,084 3,229
---- ------ ------
6th DIVISION (ALEX. CAMPBELL):
Only one Brigade; 2/7th, 1/11th, 2/53rd Foot,
and one company 5/60th Foot 101 1,847 1,948
---- ------ ------
Divisional Total 101 1,847 1,948
---- ------ ------
LIGHT DIVISION (CRAUFURD):
Beckwith’s Brigade: 1/43rd, and companies
of the 1st and 2nd 95th 56 1,427 1,483
2nd Brigade: 1/52nd and companies of 1/95th 52 1,230 1,282
---- ------ ------
Divisional Total 108 2,657 2,765
---- ------ ------
INFANTRY UNATTACHED TO ANY DIVISION:
2/58th, 2/88th Foot, and one company K.G.L. 64 874 938
------ ------ ------
General Total of Infantry 1,619 27,588 29,207
------ ------ ------
BRITISH ARTILLERY (Horse) 18 304 322
” ” (Foot) 48 797 845
K.G.L. ARTILLERY 19 328 347
-- ------ ------
Total Artillery 85 1,429 1,514
-- ------ ------
ENGINEERS 24 19 43
TRAIN 24 398 422
STAFF CORPS 3 37 40
TOTAL EFFECTIVE STRENGTH OF THE BRITISH TROOPS
ON NOV. 1, 1810:
CAVALRY 153 2,680 2,833
INFANTRY 1,619 27,588 29,207
ARTILLERY 85 1,429 1,514
OTHER CORPS 51 454 505
------ ------ ------
Grand Total 1,908 32,151 34,059
------ ------ ------
The army had at the same time 9,213 men in hospital, and 2,628 men
detached, who are not counted in the above total.
N.B.--Wellington, as it will be noted on page 451, says that he had
only 29,000 British sabres and bayonets ready to take the offensive
at this date. This appears to be an under-estimate; but it must be
remembered that he (according to his custom) only counts rank and
file, omitting officers. Moreover, the two battalions not brigaded,
2/58th and 2/88th, forming the garrison of the Lisbon forts, the
gunners (about 200) in the forts, and the Train (as non-combatant)
are also omitted in his calculation, so that 29,000 is not far out.
II. PORTUGUESE TROOPS (effective, without sick or detached)
FROM A RETURN OF OCT. 29, 1810
_Officers
& Men
INFANTRY OF THE LINE: Present._
1st Brigade (Pack): 1st and 16th Line, 4th Caçadores 2,267
2nd Brigade[659] (Fonseca): 2nd and 14th Line 2,414
3rd Brigade[660] (Spry): 3rd and 15th Line 2,163
4th Brigade[659] (Arch. Campbell): 4th and 10th Line 2,407
5th Brigade (A. Campbell): 6th and 18th Line and 6th Caçadores 2,442
6th Brigade (Coleman): 7th and 19th Line, and 2nd Caçadores 2,196
7th Brigade[661] (Baron Eben): 8th Line, 1st and 2nd Lusitanian
Legion 2,083
8th Brigade[662] (Sutton, vice Champlemond): 9th and 21st Line 1,961
9th Brigade[663] (Collins, vice Harvey): 11th and 23rd Line 2,535
1st and 3rd Caçadores, attached to Light Division 964
12th Line[664], attached to Lecor’s Militia Division 1,213
------
Total Regular Infantry 22,645
------
REGULAR CAVALRY (FANE’S DIVISION):
1st, 4th, 7th, 10th Regiments 1,193
REGULAR ARTILLERY (9 batteries) 701
------
Total Regulars of all Arms 24,539
[659] These two brigades, forming Hamilton’s division, were
always acting with Hill’s British Division.
[660] Forming part of Leith’s 5th Division.
[661] Forming part of Alex. Campbell’s 6th Division.
[662] Forming part of Picton’s 3rd Division.
[663] Forming part of Cole’s 4th Division.
[664] This regiment, with the 13th Line, formed Bradford’s
brigade of Lecor’s Portuguese division. But the 13th was absent,
in garrison at Abrantes.
N.B.--The Portuguese regulars had, over and above these 24,539
officers and men present with the colours, 3,011 men sick and
detached.
MILITIA AND EMBODIED ORDENANÇA:
(1) Lecor’s Division (Alhandra Forts): Regiments of Santarem,
Idanha, Castello Branco, Covilhão, and Feira. [12th Line,
counted above, was also attached][665] 2,616
(2) At Bucellas Forts: Regiments of Lisbon (Termo), Thomar,
Torres Vedras 1,907
(3) In the Forts facing Sobral: Atiradores Nacionaes (embodied
Ordenança), 2 batts. 761
(4) In Torres Vedras Forts; Regiments of Lisbon (E.), Lisbon
(W.), Setubal, Alcaçer do Sul 2,231
(5) At Mafra Forts: Regiment of Vizeu 691
Militia Artillery [composed of cadres from the regular artillery
filled with Volunteers from the Militia and embodied
Ordenança] 2,886
------
Total Militia, &c. 11,092
------
[665] The 5th Caçadores, which had formed part of Bradford’s
brigade and Lecor’s division, was in October and November outside
the lines, on the south side of the Tagus, observing Santarem,
and under the orders of the Cavalry-General Fane.
The Militia and embodied Ordenança had, over and above these
11,092 officers and men present with the colours, 1,267 sick and
detached.
DÉPÔT TROOPS:
The dépôts of the Line and Militia contained, on Oct. 29, 6,470
more or less trained recruits, who had not yet joined their
corps, but all did so before Dec. 1, and 530 sick. I have on
page 434 reckoned the amount of these available on Oct. 15 at
3,000 men. Besides these 6,470 men there was at Peniche, outside
the lines and in Masséna’s rear, a general dépôt of recruits,
containing several thousand men who were not yet trained. Of
these no account, of course, is taken here.
III. SPANISH TROOPS WITHIN THE LINES
VANGUARD DIVISION OF THE ARMY OF ESTREMADURA (LA CARRERA):
Principe (2 batts.), 1st and 2nd of Catalonia (1 batt. each),
Vittoria (1 batt.)--about 2,500
[N.B.-One battalion of Principe, and Volunteers of Gerona,
belonging to this division, remained behind at Badajoz.]
2nd DIVISION (CHARLES O’DONNELL):
Zamora (2 batts.), Rey (2 batts.), Toledo (2 batts.), Hibernia
(2 batts.), Princesa (2 batts.), 2nd of Seville (1 batt.)--about 5,500
[N.B.-Fernando VII, Voluntarios de Navarra, and Tiradores
de Castilla, belonging to this division, remained behind in
Estremadura, at Badajoz and elsewhere.]
------
Total 8,000
------
These numbers are probably a little overstated; on Feb. 1 the whole
Vanguard, including the battalions left behind, had only 2,687
effectives, and the whole 2nd Division, including the four battalions
left in Estremadura, only 5,108. It is probable that the wastage of
the Spanish troops when inside the Lines was not large, and that on
Nov. 1 the whole of La Romana’s sixteen battalions did not make 7,000
men.
TOTAL OF REGULAR TROOPS IN THE LINES
BRITISH 34,059
PORTUGUESE 24,539
SPANISH 8,000
------
Total 66,598
------
Add Portuguese Militia and embodied Ordenança, 11,092 strong, and the
total of organized troops in the Lines makes 77,690.
XV
THE BRITISH AND PORTUGUESE ARTILLERY IN THE CAMPAIGN OF 1810
To match the list of the Artillery units in Wellington’s army which
the late Colonel F. A. Whinyates was so good as to compile for me
for the year 1809, and which forms Appendix XI of my second volume,
I have compiled, with the invaluable aid of Major John H. Leslie,
R.A., who is responsible for all the British section, the following
appendix to cover the year 1810.
ROYAL HORSE ARTILLERY.
Two troops served in the Bussaco campaign, viz.:--
A Troop, Captain H. D. Ross, which had arrived in Portugal in
July 1809. [Present-designation, ‘A Battery,’ R.H.A.]
I Troop, Captain R. Bull, which had arrived in August 1809.
[Present designation, ‘I Battery,’ R.H.A.]
There was also present in Lisbon the skeleton of D Troop, Captain G.
Lefebvre. [Present designation, ‘V Battery,’ R.H.A.] But this unit
had suffered from perils of the sea: a transport carrying part of its
officers and men had been driven ashore on Ireland; and the portion
which arrived in March 1810, being incomplete and almost horseless,
was not sent to the front. It lent some men to the other two R.H.A.
batteries: the rest were employed in the Lisbon Forts.
ROYAL FOOT ARTILLERY[666].
[666] The companies of the battalions R.A. were not numbered in
1810, but only designated by their captains’ names. The numbers
here given, for purposes of easier identification, are those
given to these companies when numeration was introduced about
1822.
Two batteries served in the Bussaco campaign, viz.:--
6th Company, 7th battalion, Captain G. Thompson, which had
arrived in March 1809. [Present designation, 18th Battery, R.F.A.]
7th Company, 8th battalion, Captain R. Lawson, which had arrived
in September 1808. [Present designation, 87th Battery, R.F.A.]
There were also present in the Peninsula, but not in the Bussaco
campaign:--
1st Company, 4th battalion, Captain J. Hawker [now 72nd Company,
R.G.A.].
10th Company, 8th battalion, Captain P. Meadows [an extinct unit].
Both of which arrived at Lisbon in October 1810, and waited in the
Torres Vedras Lines for the retiring army, having come too late for
the field operations. Also
1st Company, 8th battalion, Bt.-Major A. Bredin [now 27th
Battery, R.F.A.].
2nd Company, 1st battalion, 2nd Captain H. Baynes [now 2nd
Battery, R.F.A.].
10th Company, 5th battalion, Captain F. Glubb [now 48th Company,
R.G.A.].
All of which had arrived in 1808-9. But Baynes’s battery had not
taken the field since Talavera, and Bredin’s and Glubb’s [both
incomplete] had not gone to the front in 1809 or in 1810. They had
all lain within the Lines since the winter of 1809-10.
In addition there were five batteries with Graham’s force at Cadiz.
8th Company, 5th battalion, Captain H. Owen [now 60th Company,
R.G.A.].
6th Company, 9th battalion, Captain P. J. Hughes [an extinct
unit].
6th Company, 10th battalion, Captain W. Roberts [now 63rd
Company, R.G.A.].
4th Company, 10th battalion, Captain R. H. Birch[667] [now 21st
Company, R.G.A.].
[667] Captain Birch commanded this company from June 1810 to July
1812, vice Captain Alex. Dickson, employed with the Portuguese
army.
5th Company, 10th battalion, Captain W. H. Shenley [now 11th Company,
R.G.A.].
KING’S GERMAN LEGION ARTILLERY.
2nd Company, Captain C. von Rettberg [arrived August 1808].
4th Company, Captain A. Cleeves [arrived August 1808].
Both present at Bussaco. In the 1809 campaign they had been commanded
respectively by Captains A. Tieling and H. L. Heise.
PORTUGUESE ARTILLERY.
The Portuguese Artillery force consisted of four regiments of about
1,200 men each, from which batteries were formed from time to time
for field service, or garrison service indifferently.
In the Bussaco campaign there took part the following units, which
were present at the battle:--
1st Regiment, two batteries under Major Alex. Dickson, both of
6-pounders, viz. those of Captain Pedro de Rozierres and Captain João
da Cunha Preto.
2nd Regiment, two batteries under Major V. von Arentschildt, viz.
those of Captain João Porfirio da Silva and Captain Jacinto P. M.
Freire, both of 3-pounders.
4th Regiment, one battery commanded by Captain Antonio de Sousa
Passos (6-pounders).
There were also at the front, but not engaged at Bussaco, two more
batteries, which were with Lecor’s division behind the Alva, on the
Ponte Murcella position--viz. one of 9-pounders, captainless till
Oct. 1, when it came under the command of Captain Wilhelm Braun, and
one of 3-pounders. The former joined Dickson’s division on Sept. 28;
the latter joined Arentschildt’s division.
Two more field batteries joined the army at the Lines after its
retreat: that of Captain Francisco Cypriano Pinto (6-pounders) was
allotted to Dickson’s division; the other (no captain, 9-pounders)
joined Arentschildt’s command.
The rest of the Artillery at Lisbon was utilized as
garrison-artillery for the Lines, receiving into its ranks an
immense proportion of half-trained volunteers from the Militia and
Ordenança, so that the whole can hardly be considered as forming
part of the regular army. I have reckoned it into the militia force
in the preceding table. The districts served by this artillery, the
commanders of the districts, and the number of effective men in each
were on Nov. 15, 1810:--
Militia-
Regulars. volunteers. Total.
Alhandra Forts--Major João C. Pinto 258 182 440
Bucellas Forts--Colonel Romão de Arriada 218 847 1,065
Monte Agraça Forts--Major J. J. da Cruz 150 300 450
Torres Vedras Forts--Captain F. J. V. Barreiros 150 248 398
Mafra Forts--Major Caetano P. Xavier 233 305 538
------ ------ ------
1,009 1,882 2,891
Adding these to the 701 men of the nine field batteries we get 3,592
in all, of whom 1,710 were regulars.
The officer in command of the whole Portuguese artillery was Marechal
de Campo J. A. da Roza. Colonel Romão de Arriada commanded the 1st
Regiment.
The 4th Regiment of the Portuguese artillery, that of the Oporto
district, furnished only one battery (that of Captain Passos) to
the army of Wellington, the rest of it being either serving with
Silveira’s army in the north, or with Trant, or doing garrison duty
at Oporto. This regiment had also contributed to the lost garrison of
Almeida.
The 3rd Regiment supplied no men to the field army or the garrison
of the Torres Vedras Lines, being absorbed in garrisoning Abrantes,
Elvas, Campo Mayor, and the other places on the frontier south of the
Tagus.
INDEX
Abrantes, Duke of, _see_ Junot.
Abrantes, Laure, Duchess of, her letters, 447.
Abrantes, fortress of, 189;
Masséna’s designs against, 445;
views of Napoleon on, 457.
Agar, captain Pedro, made one of the Spanish Regency, 518.
Agueda river, Craufurd’s operations on the, 230-8.
Alba de Tormes, battle of, 99-100.
Albuquerque, Duke of, commands Army of Estremadura, 84, 97;
his march on Cadiz, 136-8;
governor of Cadiz, 149;
goes as ambassador to London and dies, 325.
Alcala la Real, combat of, 150.
Alcañiz, operations around, 300, 305.
Alcoentre, skirmish at, 413.
Alemquer, combat of, 413.
Alhandra, the position at, 425;
Hill at, 427.
Almaraz, operations around, 97.
Almazan, combat of, 490.
Almeida, frontier fortress of Portugal, 188;
siege of, 267, 271-5;
blockaded by Silveira, 447.
Almenara, José Hervas, Marquis of, Spanish envoy at Paris, 50-89.
Alorna, general, Marquis of, Portuguese adviser of Masséna, 163;
at Almeida, 274-6, 348.
Alpujarras, insurrections in the, 150, 324-7.
Alva, river, Wellington’s position on the, 190, 346.
Alvarez, Mariano de Castro, governor of Gerona, 22-7, 30-5, 47-57;
resigns command, 59;
his imprisonment and death, 60-6.
America, revolt of the Spanish Colonies in, 513;
their deputies at Cadiz, 104, 512-14.
Andalusia, conquest of, by the French, 114;
spring and summer campaign in, 315-40;
Soult’s government of, 315-18.
Anglona, Prince of, commands Galician cavalry, 75, 78.
Anson, George, cavalry general, on retreat to Torres Vedras, 402-13;
pursues the French to Santarem, 469.
Araçena, combat of, 215.
Aragon, Suchet’s conquest of, 11-14, 282;
later insurrection in, 503.
Aranjuez, Areizaga’s operations round, 87-9.
Arce, Antonio, general, commands in Asturias, 217;
deposed, 218.
Areizaga, Carlos, general, commands army in La Mancha, 73, 84;
his advance on Aranjuez, 85-7;
defeated by Soult at Ocaña, 91-6;
defeated at Sierra Morena, 128-32;
superseded by Blake, 151.
Argüelles, Agustin, Liberal leader in the Cortes, 519.
Astorga, fortress, 164, 220;
siege of, 223-6.
Asturias, Bonnet in, 217-20;
exploits of Porlier in, 485.
Augereau, Pierre François Charles, Marshal, duc de Castiglione,
supersedes St. Cyr, 18;
at siege of Gerona, 53;
his proclamations, 54;
his harsh treatment of garrison of Gerona, 60;
marches on Barcelona, 282, 288, 290;
created military governor of Catalonia, 293;
checked before Tarragona, 295;
superseded by Macdonald, 299.
Augereau, Jean, general, brother of above, unskilful operations
of, 295, 297.
Avila, Ney’s high-handed doings at, 202, 505.
Baccelar, Manuel, general, commands northern provinces of
Portugal, 176, 346, 399.
Badajoz, fortress, 165;
threatened by Mortier, 151, 213.
Bagur (Catalonia), captured by British landing-force, 498.
Ballasteros, Francisco, serves under Del Parque, 80, 98-9;
surprises Mortier’s cavalry, 215;
defeated at Zalamea and Araçena, 215;
later operations of, 324, 331.
Baraguay d’Hilliers, Achille, general, commands French forces in
North Catalonia, 495, 497.
Barba del Puerco, skirmish of, 238.
Barcelona, the French in, 14, 16;
conspiracy in, 24;
Macdonald’s care concerning, 312, 493, 494, 501.
Barcena, colonel, surprises Leon, 271;
commands in the Asturias, 485.
Barquilla, combat of, 255.
Barreiros, major, Portuguese officer, betrays Almeida, 275.
Baxter, sergeant, his exploit, 469.
Baza, rout of, 337, 338.
Beckwith, colonel, at Barba del Puerco, 238;
at the Coa, 261.
Beresford, William Carr, marshal, organizes Portuguese army, 171-87;
Wellington’s confidence in him, 233.
Blake, Joachim, general, in Catalonia, 9;
his attempts to succour Gerona, 40-4, 52, 55-6;
his mistakes, 65;
supersedes Areizaga, 151;
resigns Catalonian command, 289;
commands in Cadiz, 325;
routed at Baza, 337-8;
made a Regent, 518.
Blayney, Lord, his disaster at Fuengirola, 335-6.
Bolivar, general Juliano, surrenders Gerona, 59.
Bonnet, general, his campaign in the Asturias, 217-20, 271;
later operations of, in the Asturias, 483-5.
Bussaco, Wellington at, 352;
description of, 359-61, 386-9;
battle of, 362-89.
Cabrera, isle of, sufferings of French prisoners at, 323.
Cadiz, held by Spaniards, 138;
position and defences of, 145-9;
attacked by Victor, 318-22;
assembly of the Cortes at, 512-20.
Caffarelli, general, commands the ‘Rearguard of the army of
Spain,’ 484-7.
Campbell, general, governor of Gibraltar, sends troops to
Fuengirola, 335.
Campbell, Alexander, commands 6th Division, 430, 441, 453.
Campoverde, Marquis of, commands a division in Catalonia, 290;
at the affair of La Bispal, 497-8;
ravages the borders of France, 499;
defeats Macdonald at Cardona, 500.
Carbon, colonel, defends Mequinenza, 309.
Cardona, Macdonald repulsed at, 500.
Caro, José, general, his manifesto against the Junta, 7;
governor of Valencia, opposes Suchet, 283-4;
flies before French advance and is deposed, 494.
Caro, Juan, general, captures Villafranca, 295;
aids in deposing his brother José, 494.
Castaños, Xavier, general, saves the lives of the Central
Junta, 141;
made a member of the first Regency, 141;
deposed by the Cortes, 518.
Catalonia, campaigns in, 14-66, 207-313, 492-504.
Cervera, Macdonald’s cantonments at, 496-7.
Cisgar, Gabriel, admiral, made Regent, 518.
Ciudad Rodrigo, fortress, 164, 222, 239;
siege of, 240-53.
Clausel, Bertrand, general, his report on the French army at Torres
Vedras, 463;
at Santarem, 479.
Coa, river, combat of the, 257-66.
Coimbra, evacuation of, 400-3;
sack of, 404;
recovered by Trant, 410-11, 479.
Cole, Lowry, general, at Bussaco, 355-79;
at Torres Vedras, 430-53;
pursues French to Santarem, 471-8.
Concepcion, Fort, blown up by the British, 257.
Condé, Garcia, leads convoy into Gerona, 42-4;
governor of Lerida, 302-8;
surrenders and does homage to Joseph, 308.
Copons, Francisco, general, his guerrilla warfare in Western
Andalusia, 326-34.
Cortes, proposal for summoning the, 104-5;
meeting of the, 482, 511.
Cotton, Stapleton, general, commands British cavalry on retreat to
Torres Vedras, 462-3.
Coupigny, Marquis, commands in Catalonia, 24-5.
Cox, William, general, commands at Almeida, 188, 267, 273-6.
Craufurd, Robert, general, commands the Light Division, 231;
confidence of Wellington in him, 232, 258;
early career of, 233-5;
his methods, 236-7;
skirmish with Ste. Croix, 251;
at combat of Barquilla, 255;
at combat of the Coa, 257-266;
at Bussaco, 355, 363-79;
retreats to Torres Vedras, 397, 402;
retreats on Sobral, 414, 449;
pursues the French, 467-9;
his expedition into the French lines, 471-2;
at Santarem, 473-8.
D’Alorna, _see_ Alorna.
Da Costa, Bernardo, Portuguese officer, mutinies at Almeida, 275;
executed, 277.
Daroca, seized by French, 11.
Del Parque, the Duke, commands the ‘Army of the Left,’ 70;
wins battle of Tamames, 77-9;
occupies Salamanca, 81;
recovers Salamanca, 97;
defeated at Alba de Tormes, 100;
superseded by La Romana, 141.
D’España, Carlos, general, aids the Portuguese, 449;
destroys bridge of Villa Velha, 455;
at Abrantes, 467.
Doyle, Charles, colonel, British Commissioner in Catalonia, activity
of, 497-9.
Drouet, Jean Baptiste, Comte d’Erlon, commands the 9th Corps, 447;
at Valladolid, 456;
ordered to advance to Almeida, 458.
Duhesme, Philippe, general, in Barcelona, 61-2;
deposed from governorship, 290.
D’Urban, Sir Benjamin, his memorandum on the Portuguese
army, 173, 178 (_note_);
notes on Bussaco, 357;
at Torres Vedras, 446;
tactical observations of, 478.
Eblé, Jean Baptiste, general, commands artillery at
Santarem, 449-50.
Echevarria, general, defeated by the French, 226.
Echeverria, guerrillero chief, shot by Mina, 488.
Eguia, Francisco Ramon, general, marches for La Mancha, 69;
deposed from command, 73.
Empecinado, the (Juan-Martin Diaz), seizes Guadalajara, 115;
harasses King Joseph, 339;
his incursions round Madrid, 511.
Eroles, Baron de, commands in Catalonia, 497, 500.
Estrada, Juliano, colonel, defends Hostalrich, 291, 293, 298.
Estrada Nova, the, 161.
Fane, Hon. Henry, general, commands Portuguese cavalry, 364;
at Lines of Torres Vedras, 431;
operations of, on south bank of the Tagus, 462, 467, 470-6.
Fane, captain, R.N., leads raid on coast of Catalonia, 497-9.
Ferey, general, at Barba del Puerco, 238;
at Bussaco, 379;
before the Lines of Torres Vedras, 449, 466.
Flandrin, major, left in charge of Coimbra, 407.
Fletcher, Richard, colonel, constructs Lines of Torres
Vedras, 191-2, 420.
Forjaz, Miguel, general, Portuguese minister of war, 418.
Fournas, Blas, brigadier-general, his defence of Monjuich, 29, 34;
surrenders at Gerona, 59.
Foy, Maximilien, general, at Bussaco, 369, 374, 377, 385;
reports on the Lines of Torres Vedras, 445;
his mission to Paris, 455-8.
Freire, Manuel, general, commands cavalry at Aranjuez, 87;
routed by Sebastiani, 90;
defeated at Alcala la Real, 150;
commands Murcian army, 325.
Fririon, François, chief of the staff to Masséna, 209;
his advice at Bussaco, 368;
remarks on official accounts of Bussaco, 448.
Fuengirola, disaster at, 355-6.
Fuensanta, combat at, 503.
Galicia, Army of, under Del Parque, 70;
Mahy left in command of, 75;
operations on the borders of, 218, 270, 485.
Garay, Martin de, Secretary of State, his letters to Wellesley, 67.
Gardanne, Claude, general, left behind to guard Masséna’s base, 344;
ordered to join Masséna, 455;
his failure, 480.
Gayan, partisan chief, opposes Suchet in Aragon, 11.
Gazan, Honoré, general, at the
Sierra Morena, 130;
operations of, in Andalusia, 330.
Gerona, third siege of, 19-60.
Girard, Jean Baptiste, general, at Ocaña, 93-4;
opposes the Serranos, 328;
defeats La Romana at Villa Garcia, 331.
Giron, Francisco, general, at Ocaña, 94-6;
at the Sierra Morena, 131.
Graham, Thomas, general, commands British troops at Cadiz, 320.
Granada, submits to Sebastiani, 150.
Granollers, combat of, 290.
Guerrilleros, the, 115-17, 488-92.
Guétry, colonel, defeated by Catalans, 290.
Habert, Pierre, general, operations of, in Aragon and
Catalonia, 284-5, 300-1, 503.
Halliwell, B., captain, R.N., burns French ships at Rosas, 62.
Herrasti, Andrés, general, defends Ciudad Rodrigo, 222, 240-9;
surrenders, 253.
Heudelet, general, commands 2nd Corps, 97, 119, 213-14;
at Bussaco, 369-70.
Hill, Rowland, general, detached to Portalegre, 216;
Wellington’s confidence in, 233;
crosses the Tagus, 246;
opposes Reynier, 269, 279, 332;
marches to join Wellington, 343-4;
at Bussaco, 355;
in the Lines of Torres Vedras, 397;
removed to south bank of Tagus, 467-8, 471, 476-8.
Hostalrich, combat of, 57;
siege of, 288;
surrender of, 297-8.
Ibarrola, general, at combat of Margalef, 304.
Infantado, Duke of, his plot against the Junta, 4.
Iranzo, Miguel, general, succeeds O’Donnell in command in
Catalonia, 501.
Jaca, operations round, 11-12.
João, Prince Regent of Portugal, 193-4;
Wellington’s appeals to, 417-18.
Jones, John, major R.E., assists in construction of Lines of Torres
Vedras, 420;
his description of them, 421, 423.
Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain, his plan of campaign, 73-5;
his difficulties, 116-24, 316;
his campaign in Andalusia, 125;
seizes Seville, 135-43;
enters Granada, 151;
his quarrels with Soult, 316-17;
Napoleon’s disregard of, 460-1, 505;
his complaints, 505-7;
threatens to abdicate, 509.
Jourdan, Jean-Baptiste, marshal, resigns command in Spain, 74, 81.
Junot, Andoche, general, Duke of Abrantes, in Leon, 221;
invests and takes Astorga, 223-6;
at Almeida, 267;
with Masséna in Portugal, 344-51;
at Bussaco, 367;
at sack of Coimbra, 404;
before Lines of Torres Vedras, 437-8, 441-50;
retreats, 465.
Junta, the Central, its dealings with Wellington, 1, 67;
its plan of campaign in 1809, 69-73;
its weakness, 103;
its decrees, 105;
flies from Seville and disperses, 137-8;
abdicates, 141.
Kellermann, François Christophe, general, in command in
Leon, 75, 82;
occupies Salamanca, 83;
defeats Del Parque at Alba de Tormes, 99, 100;
his quarrels with King Joseph, 483, 505.
Lacy, Luiz, general, at Ocaña, 92-4;
defeat of, in Sierra Morena, 130-1;
his expedition to Algeciras, 328;
his raid on Moguer, 329-30.
La Carrera, Martin, general, at Tamames, 77-8;
near Ciudad Rodrigo, 253;
at combat of Alba de Tormes, 100;
at Torres Vedras, 432.
Lardizabal, Manuel, made a member of the Spanish Regency, 141;
his views on the Cortes, 517;
deposed, 518.
La Romana, Pedro Caro, Marquis of, his manifesto against the
Junta, 6-7, 104, 106;
joins Seville Junta, 40;
commander of Army of the Left, 141;
opposes Mortier, 214-16;
aids the Regency of Cadiz, 324-5;
defeated at Villa Garcia, 331;
at Fuente Cantos, 333;
joins Wellington at Lines of Torres Vedras, 432.
Lecchi, general, in Catalonia, 18;
at siege of Gerona, 19, 27, 49.
Leite, Francisco, Portuguese general, commands at Elvas, 176, 188.
Leith, James, general, commands the troops at the Zezere, 247;
joins Wellington on the Alva, 344;
at Bussaco, 355, 362, 374;
his part in the battle, 388-9;
at the Lines of Torres Vedras, 430, 441, 453;
pursues the French, 471, 476, 478.
Leon, surprised by colonel Barcena, 271.
Lerida, siege of, 300-8.
Linhares, Rodrigo da Sousa, Conde de, Prime Minister of Regent of
Portugal, 193, 417-18.
Lisbon, riots in, 416;
arrests at, 417.
Liverpool, Robert Earl of, his correspondence with
Wellington, 168-9, 451-2.
Lobo, João, general, commands at Abrantes, 189, 455.
Loison, general, threatens Astorga, 221;
at the combat of the Coa, 258, 262;
at Bussaco, 379-82;
at the Lines of Torres Vedras, 449;
retreats, 464.
Longa, leader of guerrilleros, 491.
Lujan, Manuel, Liberal leader in the Cortes, 518.
Macdonald, Étienne, marshal, Duke of Tarentum, governor of
Catalonia, 299, 311;
his relief of Barcelona, 312;
joins Suchet, 493, 495;
checked at Cardona, 500;
conducts convoys to Barcelona, 493-4, 501;
returns to join Suchet, 501.
Mahy, Nicolas, general, commands in Galicia, 75, 218;
fails to relieve Astorga, 226;
his weakness, 485.
Malaga, submits to Sebastiani, 150.
Manresa, defeat of Schwartz at, 295.
Marchand, general, defeated by Del Parque at Tamames, 77, 79;
retires from Salamanca, 97;
at Bussaco, 382.
Margalef, combat of, 304.
Marshall, Ralph, his disastrous attempt to relieve Gerona, 35;
slain, 47-8.
Martin, G., admiral, destroys French convoy, 62.
Mascarenhas, João, Portuguese traitor, his capture and
execution, 277, 448.
Masséna, André, marshal, Prince of Essling, commands army of
Portugal, 199;
his plan for attacking Portugal, 163;
character of, 207-8;
at Ciudad Rodrigo, 246, 251;
his mendacious report of combat of the Coa, 264-6;
besieges and takes Almeida, 267-75;
advances into Portugal, 341;
at Bussaco, 365-85;
marches on Lisbon, 390-403;
at sack of Coimbra, 404;
views Lines of Torres Vedras, 442-4;
his difficulties, 449-54;
dispatches Foy to Paris, 455;
Napoleon’s remarks on, 456-8;
retreats, 463-76;
halts at Santarem, 477-9.
Matagorda, fort at Cadiz, 319-21.
McLeod, major, gallant conduct of, at the Coa, 262.
Mequinenza, siege of, 309-10.
Merino, Geronimo, ‘El Cura,’ leader of guerrilleros in Old
Castile, 490;
fights the French at Almazan, 491.
Merle, general, his attack at Bussaco, 370, 385.
Milans, Francisco, leader of miqueletes, 291, 293.
Milhaud, general, charge of, at Ocaña, 93;
routs Blake’s forces at Baza, 337-8.
Mina, Francisco Espoz y, the elder, his struggle with Suchet in
Aragon, 286;
his exploits in Navarre and Aragon, 488-9.
Mina, Xavier, the younger, ‘the Student,’ his exploits and
capture, 116, 212, 283, 286.
Miot de Melito, André, courtier of King Joseph, 152, 506.
Monjuich, citadel of Gerona, assault on, 31, 33.
Monjuich, citadel of Barcelona, plots to capture, 24.
Montbrun, Louis-Pierre, general, discovers Lines of Torres
Vedras, 437-9, 449-50;
at Santarem, 479.
Montmarie, general, defeats the Valencians near Morella, 493.
Moore, Sir John, his views on the defence of Portugal, 169.
Mortier, Edouard, marshal, wounded at Ocaña, 96;
forces passes of Despeña Perros, 130, 132;
marches on Badajoz, 151, 213;
retires to Seville, 214;
defeats La Romana at Fuente Cantos, 333.
Murcia, capture of, by Sebastiani, 327;
his second abortive expedition against, 334.
Musnier, general, his work in
Aragon, 11-12;
defeats O’Donnell at combat of Margalef, 304.
Napier, Sir William, his remarks on Suchet, 308;
on Bussaco, 357 (_note_), 363 (_note_).
Napoleon, Emperor, supersedes St. Cyr and Reille, 17;
his plans for the campaign in Spain and Portugal, 197-201, 227-30;
his divorce and marriage, 198-9;
supersedes Augereau, 299;
his orders to Masséna, 227-9, 247;
receives Foy’s report from Masséna, 456, 458;
statement of his plans, 459;
his quarrels with King Joseph, 316, 505-6;
schemes for annexation of northern Spain, 506-10.
Navarro, Garcia, general, defeated at Falcet, 503-4.
Ney, Michel, marshal, Duke of Elchingen, character of, 209;
threatens Ciudad Rodrigo, 222;
besieges Ciudad Rodrigo, 242-54;
advances on Almeida, 257;
at combat of the Coa, 259-66;
invests Almeida, 267-71;
with Masséna in Portugal, 345-51;
at Bussaco, 355, 365, 368;
before the Lines of Torres Vedras, 437, 449-50;
retreats, 465.
Ocaña, battle of, 91-6.
O’Donnell, Charles, commands under La Romana, 215, 432.
O’Donnell, Henry, officer of the Ultonia regiment, fails to take
convoy into Gerona, 52;
surprises Souham’s camp, 53, 56;
in command of the Army of Catalonia, 219;
surprises Guétry’s troops, 290;
attacks Souham, 289;
in Tarragona, 295;
routed at Margalef, 303-4;
reorganizes his forces, 312-13;
opposes Suchet at Tortosa, 493;
and Macdonald, 495;
his successful northern raid, 497-9;
wounded at La Bispal, 501;
tribute to his activity, 504.
Ordenança, the Portuguese, character of, 181;
called out, 183;
Masséna’s treatment of, and Wellington’s protest, 341-2;
blockade Almeida and Ciudad Rodrigo, 345, 397;
at the Lines of Torres Vedras, 341-4;
capture Masséna’s aides-de-camp, 448;
capture dispatches, 461.
Orense, Pedro de Quevedo, Bishop of, made a member of the
Regency, 141;
refuses to take an oath of allegiance to the Cortes, and
resigns, 518.
Orleans, Louis-Philippe, Duke of, his intrigues at Cadiz, 521.
Oviedo, captured and recaptured by Bonnet, 217-18.
Pack, Dennis, general, at Bussaco, 355, 362, 379, 382-3;
at the Lines of Torres Vedras, 441, 453;
pursues retreating French, 469;
at Santarem, 473, 475, 478.
Palafox, Francisco, his intrigues, 104, 141.
Pamplona, general, Portuguese adviser of Masséna, 163, 348.
Parque, Duke Del, _see_ Del Parque.
Pavetti, colonel, captured by the Ordenança, 340.
Pelet, Jean Jacques, colonel, Masséna’s confidence in, 210.
Peniche, fortress of, 188.
Perena, colonel, his activity in Aragon, 11;
at Lerida, 301.
Picton, Thomas, general, his quarrel with Craufurd, 266;
at Bussaco, 355, 362, 371, 375;
his disparagement of Leith, 388-9;
at the Lines of Torres Vedras, 430, 439, 446.
Popham, Sir Home, raids coasts of Asturias and Biscay, 486.
Porlier, Juan Diaz, ‘the marquesito,’ his activity, 83;
cuts Bonnet’s communications, 217, 219;
his exploits in Asturias, 485-7.
Portugal, geography of, 153-66;
Wellington’s scheme for its defence, 167-96;
its army, 171-82;
Regency of, 193;
invasion of, by Masséna, 341-481;
internal troubles of, during the invasion, 416-18.
Regency, the Portuguese, 193-5, 415-17.
Regency, Spanish, the first, nominated by Central
Junta, 141, 149, 514, 517;
deposed by the Cortes, 518;
the second, appointed by the Cortes, 518.
Reille, Honoré Charles, general, in Catalonia, superseded, 17;
commands
in Navarre, 488, 508;
his contest with Mina, 489.
Renovales, colonel, defeated by Laval, 10-12;
his raids on the Asturias, 486-7.
Reynier, Jean Louis Ebenezer, general, takes command of the 2nd
Corps, 215;
opposes Hill, 269, 279, 332;
joins Masséna in Portugal, 343-51;
at Bussaco, 355, 365, 369;
before Lines of Torres Vedras, 437, 442, 450;
retreats, 465, 469, 470;
at Santarem, 471, 475.
Rovira, Doctor F., leader of miqueletes, 16, 42, 291-3.
Saavedra, Francisco, made head of the Junta at Seville, 140;
member of the first Regency, 141;
deposed by the Cortes, 528.
Sainte-Croix, general, his operations on borders of Galicia, 223;
commands Masséna’s advance, 391-2, 435;
killed, 440.
St. Cyr, Laurent Gouvion, general, his campaign in Catalonia, 14-17;
superseded, 17;
at Gerona, 30;
his views on the siege, 48;
takes command, 50;
gives it over to Augereau, 53;
criticism of his conduct, 63.
Sanchez, Julian, guerrillero chief, 83;
in Ciudad Rodrigo, 241;
escapes, 248;
blockades Ciudad Rodrigo, 447;
renders aid to Wellington, 490.
Sanson, French engineer general, his plans for siege of Gerona, 27.
Santa-Fé, Mariano, Duke of, Spanish envoy at Paris, 509.
Santarem, general Eblé at, 454;
French retreat on, 472;
skirmish at, 473.
Santocildes, José, defends Astorga, 221, 225-6.
Schwartz, general, defeated at Manresa, 295;
surprised and captured at La Bispal, 498.
Sebastiani, Horace, general, at combat of Ontigola, 89;
defeats Areizaga, 129-32;
subdues Granada and Malaga, 150;
plunders Murcia, 327;
marches against Blake, 334;
defeats Lord Blayney, 336.
Serras, general, commands province of Leon, 270-1, 483;
his attempts to catch Porlier, 486.
Seville, conspiracies in, 4;
Central Junta at, 4, 68;
abandoned by Central Junta, 139;
revolutions in, 141;
surrenders to Joseph, 143.
Silveira, Francisco, general, commands the Tras-os-Montes, 176-7;
captures Puebla de Senabria, 270;
blockades Almeida, 447, 485, 487.
Sobral, operations around, 414, 439, 440, 443.
Souham, Joseph, general, his camp surprised by O’Donnell, 53;
checked by O’Donnell, 289;
defeats O’Donnell at Vich, 292;
rejoins Macdonald, 501.
Soult, Nicholas, marshal, Duke of Dalmatia, succeeds Jourdan as
chief of the staff in Spain, 74, 81;
defeats Areizaga at Ocaña, 91-6;
his plans for conquest of Andalusia, 121-5;
forces the passes, 128-32;
his rule in Andalusia, 315-18;
operations of, against La Romana, 331;
Napoleon’s censure of, 433;
his selfish policy, 458-9, 506.
Soult, Pierre, general, at Lines of Torres Vedras, 437;
at Santarem, 479.
Sousa, José Antonio, ‘the Principal,’ member of Portuguese Regency,
influence of his family, 193;
his quarrels with Wellington, 415-17.
Sousa-Holstein, Pedro, Portuguese ambassador, intrigues of, at
Cadiz, 195, 520.
Sousa, Rodrigo, _see_ Conde de Linhares.
Stewart, William, general, takes British troops to Cadiz, 148;
succeeded by Graham, 320.
Stuart, Charles, ambassador at Lisbon, member of Portuguese
Regency, 194-6.
Suchet, Louis-Gabriel, marshal, his conquest of Aragon, 10-14, 282;
marches on Valencia, 283-4;
besieges and captures Lerida, 300-9;
takes Mequinenza, 309-10;
before Tortosa, 492;
puts Caro to flight, 494;
his inaction, 502.
Taboada, Francisco Gil, general, captures Puebla de Senabria, 270.
Tamames, battle of, won by Del Parque, 77-9.
Teruel, operations of Suchet around, 13, 284.
Torrero, Muñoz, Liberal deputy in Cortes, 518.
Torres Vedras, Lines of, 191-2;
Wellington retreats on, 393-413;
description of, 419-36.
Tortosa, Suchet before, 493;
O’Donnell attempts to aid, 493;
blockade of, 496.
Trant, Nicholas, colonel, attacks Masséna’s artillery train, 350, 355;
routed by French cavalry at Sardão, 398;
seizes Coimbra, 410, 411.
Tremendal, combat of, 11.
Valencia, José Caro’s domination at, 6-7;
Suchet’s abortive attack on, 284;
operations of the army of, _see_ Caro, José.
Valverde, combat of, 215.
Vaughan, Charles, his remarks on the Cortes, 523.
Venegas, Francisco, general, military governor of Cadiz, 146-7;
viceroy of Mexico, 149.
Verdier, general, supersedes Reille, 18;
besieges Gerona, 19-48;
throws up his command, 49;
criticism of his conduct of the siege, 64.
Vich, battle of, 291-2.
Victor, Claude Perrin, marshal, Duke of Belluno, operations of,
against Areizaga, 86-7;
commands 1st Corps in conquest of Andalusia, 125-33;
receives surrender of Seville, 143;
marches on Cadiz, 145;
besieges it, 318-22.
Vigodet, Gaspar, general, defeated in the Sierra Morena, 132.
Villacampa, general, operations of, in
Aragon, 11, 13, 282, 283, 286, 310, 339;
harasses Suchet, 503;
defeated at Alventosa and Fuensanta, 503.
Villafranca, French driven out of, 295.
Villagarcia, combat of, 331.
Villatte, colonel, expedition of, 296.
Villa Velha, bridge of, its importance, 158, 189;
destroyed by Carlos d’España, 455.
Vizeu, Masséna at, 351-3.
Wallace, colonel Alex., his charge at Bussaco, 372-3.
Wellesley, Hon. Henry, minister at Cadiz, 522.
Wellesley, Richard, Marquis, his negotiations with the Central
Junta, 3, 67;
becomes Foreign Secretary, 168.
Wellington, Arthur, Viscount, his dealings with the Central
Junta, 1, 68, 72;
retreats into Portugal, 107-11;
his plan of defence of Portugal, 167;
concentrates his forces near the frontier, 243;
refuses to move forward to Ciudad Rodrigo, 245;
criticism of Craufurd, 266;
watches Almeida, 274-9;
prepares to meet Masséna, 345;
at Bussaco, 352-61;
wins battle of Bussaco, 362-89;
retreats on Torres Vedras, 393-413;
quarrels with Principal Sousa, 415-17;
disposes troops at Torres Vedras, 439;
Napoleon’s remarks on, 457;
pursues retreating French, 468-76;
stops at Santarem, 476;
his views on the Cortes, 522.
White, Blanco, Liberal journalist, his views, 515 (_note_), 516.
Wilson, John, general, operations of, on the French rear, 479.
Xerta, Suchet’s flotillas captured by insurgents at, 503;
siege material for Tortosa at, 504.
Zalamea, combat of, 215.
Zayas, J., general, in the Ocaña campaign, 87, 92, 95.
Zerain, T., general, routed by Victor, 133;
retires to Seville, 137.
Zezere, river, line of, fortified by Wellington, 190;
Masséna’s operations on the, 455.
Zizandre, river, fortification along, in the Lines of Torres
Vedras, 423.
END OF VOL. III
Oxford: Printed at the Clarendon Press by HORACE HART, M.A.