advice, but solely by an unprejudiced review of the psychological
germs of life which have resulted from the natural co-operation of the
conscious and unconscious on the one hand, and of the individual and the
collective on the other. One person looks for them in the conscious, and
another in the unconscious. But the conscious is only one side, and the
unconscious is only the other. For it should never be forgotten that
dreams are compensatory or complementary to consciousness. Were this not
the case, we should be obliged to regard dreams as a source of knowledge
superior to the conscious. This view would undoubtedly carry us back
to the mentality of the augur, and we should have to accept all the
consequences of such a superstitious attitude, unless, indeed, we look
upon dreams as valueless, as does the vulgar mind.
We find the _unifying function_ that we are seeking, _in the
phantasies_ in which everything that has any effectual determination
is present. But phantasies have a bad reputation among psychologists.
The psychoanalytical theories hitherto obtaining have treated them
accordingly. For both Freud and Adler the phantasy is nothing but a
so-called "symbolic" disguise of what both investigators suppose to be
the primary propensities and aims. But in opposition to these views it
should be emphasised--not for theoretical but for essentially practical
reasons--that the phantasy may indeed be thus causally explained
and depreciated, but that it nevertheless is the creative soil for
everything that has ever brought development to humanity. The phantasy
as a psychological function has a peculiar non-reducible value of its
own, whose roots are in both the conscious and the unconscious contents,
and in what is collective as well as in what is individual.
But whence comes the bad reputation of the phantasy? It owes that
reputation chiefly to the circumstance that it ought not to be taken
literally. It is worthless if understood concretistically. If we
understand semiotically, as Freud does, it is interesting from the
scientific standpoint. But if it be understood _hermeneutically, as an
actual symbol_, it provides us with the cue that we need in order to
develop our life in harmony with ourselves.
For the significance of a symbol is not that it is a disguised
indication of something that is generally known,[255] but that it is
an endeavour to elucidate by analogy what is as yet completely unknown
and only in process of formation.[256] The phantasy represents to us
that which is just developing under the form of a more or less apposite
analogy. By analytical reduction to something universally known, we
destroy the actual value of the symbol; but it is appropriate to its
value and meaning to give it an hermeneutical interpretation.
The essence of hermeneutics--an art that was formerly much
practised--consists in adding more analogies to that already given
by the symbol: in the first place, subjective analogies given by the
patient as they occur to him; and in the second place, objective
analogies provided by the analyst out of his general knowledge. The
initial symbol is much enlarged and enriched by this procedure, the
result being a highly complex and many-sided picture, which may now be
reduced to _tertia comparationis_. Thence result certain psychological
lines of development of an individual as well as collective nature.
No science upon earth could prove the accuracy of these lines; on the
contrary, rationalism could very easily prove that they are wrong. But
these lines vindicate their validity by their _value for life_. The
chief thing in practical treatment is that people should get a hold of
their own life, not that the principle of their life should be provable
or "right."
Of course, true to the spirit of scientific superstition _suggestion_
will be mooted. But it should long ago have been realised that a
suggestion is only accepted by one it suits. Beyond that there
is no suggestion, otherwise the treatment of neurosis would be
extremely simple, for we should only need to suggest health. This
pseudo-scientific talk about suggestion is based upon the unconscious
superstition that suggestion actually possesses some real magic power.
No one succumbs to suggestion unless from the very bottom of his heart
he be willing to co-operate.
By means of the hermeneutical treatment of the phantasies we arrive
at the synthesis of the individual with the collective psyche, put
theoretically, that is, but practically, one indispensable condition
is yet lacking. For it belongs to the regressive disposition of the
neurotic--a disposition in which he has been confirmed in the course of
his illness--to take neither himself nor the world seriously, but always
to rely on this or that method or circumstance to effect a cure, quite
apart from his own serious co-operation. "But you can't wash the dog
without getting his skin wet." No cure can be effected without unlimited
willingness and absolute seriousness on the part of the patient. There
are no magical cures for neurosis. Just as soon as we begin to elaborate
the symbolic outlines of the path, the patient must begin to walk
thereon. If he delude himself and shirk it, no cure can result. He must
really work and live according to what he has seen and recognised as
the direction for the time being of his individual life-line, and must
continue thereon until a distinct reaction of his unconscious shows him
that he is beginning in good faith to go a wrong way.
He who does not possess this moral function of faithfulness to himself
will never get rid of his neurosis; but he who has this faithfulness can
find the way out.
Neither physician nor patient must yield to the delusion that "being
analysed" is in itself sufficient to remove a neurosis. That would be
deception and self-delusion. Ultimately it is infallibly the moral
factor that decides between health and illness.
By the construction of the individual's life-line the ever-varying
trends and tendencies of his libido are made conscious. These life-lines
are not identical with the "directing fictions" discovered by Adler,
which are none other than arbitrary attempts to cut the persona off from
the collective psyche, and to give it independence. It might rather
be said that the "directing fiction" is an unsuccessful attempt to
construct a life-line. The unsuitability of the "directing fiction" is
also proved by the fact that the lines are tenaciously retained for much
too long a time. The hermeneutically constructed life-line is short, for
life follows no straight lines that indicate the future long beforehand,
for, as Nietzsche says, "All truth is crooked." Life-lines are therefore
neither principles nor ideals of universal validity, but points of view
and adaptations of ephemeral validity. An abatement of vital intensity,
a perceptible loss of libido, or an excessive passion or ecstasy--all
show that one such line is left, and that a new line begins, or rather
should begin. Sometimes it is enough to leave the revealing of the
new line to the unconscious; but this course should indeed not be
recommended to the neurotic under all circumstances, though there are
cases where what is needed is to learn to trust to so-called chance.
However, it is not advisable to let one's self drift for any length
of time; a watchful eye should at least be kept upon the reactions of
the unconscious, that is to say, upon the dreams: these indicate like a
barometer the one-sidedness of our attitude.[257] Therefore, I consider
it necessary, in contrast to some other analysts, for the patient after
analysis to remain in contact with the unconscious, if he would avoid
a relapse. That is why I am convinced that the real end of analysis is
reached when the patient has acquired adequate knowledge of the method
to remain in contact with the unconscious, and sufficient psychological
knowledge to be able to understand approximately his ever-changing
life-line; otherwise he is not in a position to follow the direction of
the libido currents in the unconscious, and thereby to gain conscious
support in the development of his individuality. Every serious case of
neurosis needs this weapon in order to maintain the cure.
In this sense analysis is not a method that is a medical monopoly, but
rather an art or technique or science of psychological life, which he
who has been cured must continue to foster, for the sake of his own
welfare and that of his environment. If he understands this aright he
will not pose as a psychoanalytical prophet nor as a public reformer,
but truly understanding the common weal, he will first himself reap
the benefit of the self-knowledge acquired in his treatment, and then
he will let the example of his life work what good it can, rather than
indulge in aggressive talk and missionary propaganda.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 249: Lecture given before the Zürich School for Analytical
Psychology, 1916.]
[Footnote 250: In a certain sense the "likeness to God" is always
_a priori_ present even before analysis, not only in the neurotic,
but also in the normal individual, with the difference only that the
normal individual is effectively separated from the perception of the
unconscious, whilst this separation becomes increasingly impossible to
the neurotic. In consequence of his special sensitiveness, the neurotic
is _a priori_ more closely affected by the processes of the unconscious
than is the normal person, wherefore the God-Almightiness becomes more
distinct in him than in the normal individual. By means of the knowledge
of the unconscious acquired through analysis the "God-likeness" is
increased.]
[Footnote 251: Pp. 69 and 95.]
[Footnote 252: The collective mind represents collective thought, the
collective soul represents collective feeling, and the _collective
psyche_ represents the general collective psychological function.]
[Footnote 253: I should here observe that I am intentionally refraining
from discussing our problem from the standpoint of the psychology
of types. A specialised and somewhat complicated investigation was
necessary in order to discover formulations appropriate to the types.
For instance, "person" means something totally different to the
extrovert from what it does to the introvert. I must content myself
here with pointing out the difficulties such a task would involve. In
the types, the conscious and real adapted function in childhood is
collective, but soon acquires a personal character, and may retain this
to the end, unless the individual feels impelled to develop his type
to the uttermost. If this happens, the conscious real adapted function
attains a degree of perfection which may claim universal validity
and therefore bears a collectivistic character, in contrast to its
originally collective character. According to this mode of expression
collective psyche would be identical with "herd soul" in the individual;
but the collectivistic psychology would be a highly differentiated
adaptation to society. For the introvert the conscious real adapted
function is _thinking_, which in the lower stages of development is
entirely personal, but has a tendency to acquire a universal character
of a collectivistic kind; his feeling remains distinctly personal so far
as it is conscious, and collective-archaic in so far as it has remained
unconscious or is repressed. The opposite applies to the _feeling_ and
thought of the extrovert. The introvert is always concerned with the
endeavour to preserve the integrity of his ego, which results in a
different attitude towards his own person from that of the extrovert,
whose adaptation is made through his feelings, even at the cost of his
own person. These few sentences indicate into what an extraordinarily
difficult situation we should have been led had we considered our
problem from the standpoint of the types.]
[Footnote 254: "Psychology of the Unconscious."]
[Footnote 255: That is, of a universal primary propensity or a universal
primal aim.]
[Footnote 256: Cp. _Silberer_: "Probleme der Mystic und ihrer Symbolik."
Wien, 1914. ("Problems of Mysticism and its Symbolism.")]
[Footnote 257: It should be borne in mind that no moral function is to
be sought in this conception of dreams, nor do I look for it there.
This function is just as little "teleological" in the sense of a
philosophical teleology, that is to say of a set aim or purpose. It
is in the first place compensatory, because it presents a subliminal
picture of the actual situation. The phenomenon should first of all be
understood from a purely causal standpoint. But it would be unjust to
the essence of what is psychological if one were to consider it purely
causally. For it does not only tolerate, but also demand, a final
point of view. In other words, the question arises, what is the use of
bringing just this material to constellation? This is not to assert that
the final meaning of a phenomenon had already existed as an _a priori_
given purpose in the preparatory stages of the phenomenon. It would not
be permissible, according to the theory of cognition, to presuppose some
pre-existing purpose from the unmistakable final meaning of biological
mechanisms. But it would be narrow-minded if, with the justifiable
omission of the teleological conclusion, one wished also to give up the
point of view of finality. The utmost that can be said is, it is _as if_
there were some pre-existing purpose present. In psychology one must be
on one's guard against exclusive reliance either upon causality or upon
teleology.]
SUMMARY.
A. _Psychological Material must be divided into_ CONSCIOUS _and_
UNCONSCIOUS _Contents_.
1. The _conscious contents_ are partly _personal_, in so far as their
universal validity is not recognised; and partly _impersonal_, that is,
collective, in so far as their universal validity is recognised.
2. The _unconscious contents_ are partly _personal_, in so far as they
concern solely repressed materials of a personal nature, that have once
been relatively conscious and whose universal validity is therefore not
recognised when they are made conscious; partly _impersonal_, in so far
as the materials concerned are recognised as _impersonal_ and of purely
universal validity, of whose earlier even relative consciousness we have
no means of proof.
B. _The Composition of the Persona._
1. The conscious personal contents constitute the conscious personality,
the conscious ego.
2. The unconscious personal contents constitute the _self_, the
unconscious or subconscious ego.
3. The conscious and unconscious contents of a personal nature
constitute the persona.
C. _The Composition of the Collective Psyche._
1. The conscious and unconscious contents of an _impersonal_ or
collective nature compose the psychological _non-ego_, the _image of
the object_. These materials can appear analytically as projections of
feeling or of opinion, but they are _a priori_ collectively identical
with the object-imago, that is they appear as qualities of the object,
and are only _a posteriori_ recognised as subjective psychological
qualities.
2. The persona is that grouping of conscious and unconscious contents
which is opposed as ego to the non-ego. The general comparison
of personal contents of different individuals establishes their
far-reaching similarity, extending even to identity, by which the
_individual_ nature of personal contents, and therewith of the persona,
is for the most part suspended. To this extent the persona must be
considered an excerpt of the collective psyche, and also a component of
the collective psyche.
3. The collective psyche is therefore composed of the object-imago and
the persona.
D. _What is Individual._
1. What is individual appears partly as the principle that decides the
selection and limitation of the contents that are accepted as personal.
2. What is individual is the principle by which an increasing
differentiation from the collective psyche is made possible and enforced.
3. What is individual manifests itself partly as an impediment to
collective accomplishment, and as a resistance against collective
thinking and feeling.
4. What is individual is the uniqueness of the combination of universal
(collective) psychological elements.
E. _We must divide the Conscious and Unconscious Contents into
Individualistic and Collectivistic._
1. A content is individualistic whose developing tendency is directed
towards the differentiation from the collective.
2. A content is collectivistic whose developing tendency aims at
universal validity.
3. There are insufficient criteria by which to designate a given content
as simply individual or collective, for uniqueness is very difficult to
prove, although it is a perpetually and universally recurrent phenomenon.
4. The life-line of an individual is the resultant of the
individualistic and collectivistic tendency of the psychological process
at any given moment.
INDEX
_Aberrations of Marriage_ (Michaelis), 365
Abreaction, 242
Absolute unconscious, 430-36
Abstract feelings, 405
" idea, 438, 448
Abstraction, 293
Accidentalness, 398
Accoucheur, the analyst as, 268, 374
Acts, symptomatic (Freud), 281
Adaptation to father, 127, 160, 175
" mother, 125, 159, 171, 232
Adapted function, 405
Adler, viii, ix, 191, 223, 260-61, 290, 297-98, 330, 340, 343-44,
349, 352, 384-85, 390-91, 404, 458, 470
Alcohol, influence of, 12
Altruism, 269
Ambitendency, 200
Ambivalency, 200, 269
Amnesia of Ivenes, 68
" periodic, 9
Amnesic disturbances, 66-7
Anæsthesia, systematic, 68
Analysis not a reasoning method, 208
" prejudices against, 206-07
" sexualistic conception of, vii
" _v._ interpretation, 219
Analyst as accoucheur, 268, 374
" must be analysed, 244
Analytical material compared with poet's material, 214
" psychology, moral effect of, 375-76
Anamnesis not psychoanalysis, 207
Anna, little, 132-54
Antithesis, regulating function of, 415
Anxiety dreams, 160, 372
Apollo, Introversion, 295
Archaic view of life, x
"Arrangements" (Adler), 297, 390
Aschaffenburg, 352
Ass, Buridan's, 467
Assimilation by analogy, 223
Assimilation of unconscious, 449
Association, co-ordinance to father, 157
" familiar, 120-32, 159
" method, 80
Association-concordance (Kerner), 92
" test, calculation in, 109
" " guilt complex, 107
Attack, hysterical (Ivenes) ætiology of, 74
Attention, dispersion of, 46-8
_Attitudes passionelles_, 18
Augur, medical, 244, 467
Authority, faith in, 277
Autochthonous myths, 451
Auto-hypnosis, 77, 240
Automatic personalities (Ivenes), 82
" table movements, 49, 53, 57
" writing, 27, 49, 54, 57
Automatism, motor cryptomnesia, 91
" as hypnotist, 79
Automatisms, 13, 47, 49, 54
" of S. W., 20
Autonomous complexes, 375
Auto-suggestion, 51, 53, 61
" " (objective), 79
Azam, case of Albert X., 9
" " Felida, 66
Babel, tower of, 416
Baptism, the rite analysed, 215
Bayle, 315
Bergson, 231, 274, 293, 315, 348, 357, 464
Bernheim, 237
Binet, 2, 12, 47, 56, 59, 60, 85, 289, 353
Binet's definition of somnambulism, 49
Biological duties, 274
Bircher, 250
Birth, theories of child, 134
Bleuler, 5, 14, 201, 312, 354
Bleuler's theory of negativism, 201
Boileau's case, 9
Bonamaison's case, 76
Bourne, Ansel, case of, 9
Bourru and Burot, 66
Brains, similarity of, 451
Bresler's case, 89
Breuer, 236, 241
Breuer's case, 356-358
Brill, 175
Burgholzi, cases of mental disease analysed, 316
" " dementia præcox, 322, 328-35
Buridan's ass, 467
Calculation in association test, 109
Camuset, 66
Case, Azam's, 9, 66
" Boileau's, 9
" Bonamaison's, 76
" Bresler's, 89
" Breuer's, 356-58
" Dyce's, 84
" Flournoy's, 69
" Hoefelt's, 66
" Janet's, 55
" Kalk's, 65
" Macnish's, 11
" Mesnet's, 10-11
" Naef's, 8
" Pronst's, 9, 11
" Renaudin's, 67
" Schreber's, 343-46
" Weir Mitchell's, 64-5, 84
Case of Albert X. (Azam), 9
" American business man, 399
" Christ, 394
" Elise K., 3-7
" Felida (Azam), 66
" Helen Smith (Flournoy), 69
" little Anna, 132-54
" little Hans, 132
" Lucie (Janet), 55
" Mary Reynolds (Weir-Mitchell), 64-5, 84
" S. W., 16-45
Cases of dementia præcox, 322, 328-35
" mental disease analysed (Burgholzi's), 316
Catalepsy (Ivenes), 28
Catharsis, 374
Catholic Church, 271
Causal principle in science, 339
" view (Freud), 261
Cellini, Benvenuto, 63
Censor, Freud, 305
Change in character (Azam's case), 66
" " (Hoefelt's case), 66
" " (Ivenes), 84
" " (Kalk's case), 65
" " (Mary Reynolds), 64
" " (S. W.), 69
Charcot, 8, 356, 361
" classification of somnambulic states, 8
" trauma theory, 361
Chevreul, 50
Christ, religion of, 366
Christian science, 126, 207, 244, 249
Civilisation and neurosis, 224, 374
Claparède, 188, 232, 348
" (footnote), 287
Clark lectures, 94-156
Classification of dreams, 310
Co-function in unconscious, 405
Collective psyche, 431-32, 455-59, 472
" " identification with, 459, 462
" " treatment of, 463
" mind and soul, 451
" vices and virtues, 453
Comparison of dream-symbols with somnambulic personalities, 59
Compensation, unconscious, 201, 236, 280, 284, 285, 467
Complex, concealment, 117
" Electra, 228
" incompatibility, 202
" Kern, 228
" Œdipus, 228, 232
" resistance, 201
" sensibility, 203
Complexes, autonomous, 377
" function, 426
" physicians' own, 216, 243, 257
Comprehension by analogy, 223
Conflict moral, 225, 242, 247, 251
Content, manifest and latent of dream, 372
Conscious invention _v._ dream, 178
" material, use of in analysis, 216
Consciousness alternating, 11
" double, 1
Conservation of energy, 231, 411
Constellation, parental, 160-75
Constellations, familiar, 119-132
Converted _libido_, 141
Cook, Miss Florence, 37
Correspondence of Jung and Loy, 236-77
Counterparts of virtues, 389
Creative work of unconscious, additional, 85
Crucial points in Psychoanalysis, 236-77
Cryptomnesia, 78, 86, 87, 199
" Nietzsche example, 87
Cryptomnesic hallucinations, 91
" motor-automatism, 91
Darkness, effect of, on suggestibility, 59
Dawson Williams, Dr., 278
Deception, Ivenes' wilful, 44
" of doctor by patient, 260, 266-67
"Deep" Psychology, 354
Defence mechanism, 424
Deficiency, emotional, 2
Deficiency, intellectual, 2
" mental, 2
" neurasthenic, 14
" psychopathic, 3, 13
Definition of _libido_, 156, 288
Delbruck, 70
Delirium, hysterical, 7
Dementia præcox, 129, 143, 149, 151, 182, 201, 283, 312-18
_Depreciation_ by introverted type, 289
Depressions of puberty, 127
Dessoir, 85
Diagnosis of facts, 106-13
Diehl, 14
Differentiation of what is individual, 456
Dionysus, 183
" extraversion, 295
Dionysian orgies, 366
"Disposable" energy, 401
Distortion produced by resistances, 285
Dogma, 224
Dominants of unconscious, 432-33
Double consciousness, 1, 84
Dragon, symbol of collective psyche, 463
Dream-analysis the real instrument of the unconscious, 209, 373
Dreams, anxiety, 160, 372
" as myth, 436
" association method, 302
" classification of, 310
" compensatory character of, 278-286, 467
" conception of differing from Freud, 222
" content, manifest and latent, 372
" Freud's conception of, 222
" instances of analysed, 147, 193, 217, 219, 303
" many-sided, 217
" moral function of, 309, 471
" no arbitrary interpretation, 218
" no fixed symbols, 218, 221, 265, 308
" number, 191, 193, 197
" objective interpretation of, 421
" of crab analysed, 418
" St. Augustine's, 307
" subjective interpretation of, 421
" symbolism of, 308
" typical themes of, 310
Dualism in Ivenes' subconscious personalities, 79
Dubois, 208, 243, 255
Duplication of attributes, 182
Duty to children, parental, 153
Duties biological, 274
Ecce Homo, 381-84, 417
Eccentricities pre-exist illness, 282, 289
Ecstasy, 15, 20
" (Bettina Brentano), 75
Ego-complex, 80, 86
" " (Ivenes), 83
" function, 416
" instinct, 383
" powerlessness of, 450
" psychological, 434
Ego, second (Dessoir), 85
" somnambulic (Ivenes), 76
_Elan vital_, 231
Electra-complex, 228
Emotional type, Fourneau Jordan, 402
Empiricism, 291, 301
Enantiodromia, 415-17
Energic view point, 231
Energy as Melungu, 413
" conservation of, 411
" "disposable," 401
" primordial image of, 412
" psychic, 401
" transformation of, 413
Entoptic phenomena, 61
Enuresis nocturna, 170, 237, 239, 246
Epilepsy, 1
Epileptoid attacks, 14
Erler, 71
Erotic conflict, 364-65, 370
Esquirol, 315
_Etat second_, 8
Etiological moment of neurosis, 405
Exhaustive states, 13
Experiments by Dr. Fürst, 157-58
Extroversion, 288, 347, 391, 401-6, 437
" regressive, 288
Familial associations, 120-32, 159
" constellations, influence of, 127
Fanaticism, 283
Fascination, 425-27
Father, adaptation to, 127, 160, 175
Father-complex, 270
Faust analysed, 338-41, 384, 460-61
Fear of unconscious, 434
Fechner, 352
Feeling-thoughts, 461
Feelings of extrovert, 403-5
" introvert, 403-5
Felida, case of, 84
Féré, 12
Feuerbach, 346
Final view (Adler), 261
Finck (types), 296
Fixation, Freud's view of, 227
" infantile, 228, 462
Flournoy, 60, 78, 199, 345-46
" case of Helen Smith, 69
_Folie circulaire_, 67
Forel, 70, 261
Forel, _The Sexual Question_, 365
Frank, 236, 245, 249
Frazer, 413
Freud, 59, 73, 82, 104, 132-33, 156, 170, 191, 227, 241, 281, 297-98,
305-08, 319, 343-44, 349, 354-55, 359, 371, 373, 381, 404, 409,
445, 458
Freudian investigations, 133
Freud's case of paranoid dementia, 336-37
" conception of dreams, 222
" method, 339
" psychology of dreams, 300
" publications, opposition to, 355
" theory, 261
" " of infantile sexuality, 172
Frobenius, 310, 436
Function, adapted, 405
" co-, 405
" complexes, 426
" transcendental, 417, 436, 441, 468
Fürst's experiments, 119, 157-58
Future character (Felida), 84
" " (Mary Reynolds), 84
Gall, 315
Genesis of dreams, 212
Genius, 1
Gley, 50
Glossolalia, 89-91
" instances of, 28
God-Almightiness, 450, 457, 462
" " physical symptoms of, 458
God's existence, 415
" idea, 451
" primitive concept of, 434
" projection of, 432
Goethe, 12, 339, 384, 460-61
" psychic stimulation of, 75
Gottähnlichkeit, 450
Grandfathers I. and II. (Ivenes), 80
Grebelskaja, 337
Gross, 348
" (types), 296-97
Guilt complex, association test, 107
Guinon and Waltke, experiment of, 10, 47
Hallucination, cryptomnesia, 91
" hypnosis in production of, 58
_Hallucination téléologique_, 84
Hallucinations, 11, 15, 49, 58, 282
" Helen Smith's, 63, 64
" hypnagogic, 13, 23, 62
" hypnopompic, 23, 62
" in somnambulism, 60
" intuitive, 64
" negative, 68
Hallucinatory persons, why separated, 83
Hans, little, 132
Haôma, 413
Hecker, 64
Hedonism, viii
Hegel, 290
Heim, 412
Heimarmenê, 413
Herd-animal, man a, 263
" -soul, 455
Hermeneutics, 468-69
Hero, the, 462
" myth, 438
Hiawatha, 436
Hoch, 289
Hoche, 355
Hoefelt, spontaneous somnambulism, 66
Homunculus, 404
Homosexual tendencies, 165, 172, 420
Hypermnesia (footnote), 86
Hypnagogic activities, 23, 71, 204
" flashes, 22
Hypnopompical dreams, 23
Hypnosis in production of hallucination, 58
Hypnotic treatment, 6, 237
" " diametrically opposed to psychoanalysis, 207
Hypnotism, essential character of, 243
" in automatic writing, 54, 56
Hysteria, 1, 7
" case of, 385
" and extroversion, 406
Hysteric, extreme sensibility of, 85
Hysterical attack (Ivenes), ætiology of, 74
" " induced by automatism, 79
" deafness and paralysis (Breuer), 356
" delirium, 71
" dissociation, 81, 287
" forgetfulness, 72
Hysterical identification, 71
" somnambulism (case of Elise K.), 3
Hystero-epilepsy (Janet), 81
Hystero-epileptic attacks, 81
Hystero-hypnosis (Ivenes), 79
Idea, abstract, 438, 448
Identification with collective psyche, 420-25, 462-65
" " God, 337
" " reason, 416
Images, primordial, 410, 448
" psychic, 438
Imitation, 456
Imperialism, 399
Impersonal unconscious, 437
Importance of the unconscious, 278
" " types, 348
Incest-barrier, 230
" -wish, 462
Individual, the, a changing identity, ix
" metaphysical needs of, 223
Individuality, 473, 457, 465
Individuation, 440, 456
Infantile fixation, 228, 462
" milieu, influence of, 131
" transference, 298
Infantility in primitive people, 230
Inferiority, moral, 449
Inspiration, 15
Instances of dreams analysed, 217, 219
Instinct-ego, 383
Intelligence-complex, 114
Interpolations in dreams, 176
" in rumour, 176
" _v._ analysis, 219
Interpretation, causal reductive, 419
" objective, 421
" subjective, 421
" synthetic, 417
Interpretation of Viennese school, one-sided, 217
Introjection, 414
Introversion, 137, 140, 288, 347, 391, 437, 401-3
" neurosis in child, 140
Intuitive hallucinations, 64
Itten, 337
_Ivenes_, 33-34, 68-84
" journeys on other side, 34
" mystic character, 69
" oracular sayings, 36
" race-motherhood, 39
James, William, 290-92, 401
" " pragmatism, 348
Janet, 46, 74, 81, 104, 232, 234, 452
" automatic writing (case of Lucie), 55
" Lucie and Léonie, 66
" Léonie, 69
Janus face, 174
Jeanne d'Arc, 63, 84
" " visions of, 63
Jonah, 436
Jung, correspondence with Loy, 236-277
K., Miss Elise, case of, 15
Kadi, the, 390
Kalk's case, 65
Kant, 278, 303, 339
Katatonic dementia præcox, 324
" negativism, 202
Kern-complex, 228
Kerner, 87, 88
Kerner's book, 27, 35, 93
" _Prophetess of Prevorst_, 27, 69
Kræpelin, 352
Kraepelin-Aschaffenburg scheme, 157
Kraft-Ebing, 7
Lapses (case of S. W.), 20-23
Laughter, symptomatic, 388
Lebensgefühl, 462
Legrand du Saulle, 66
Lehmann, 50, 51
Leibniz, 278
Lethargy hysterical (Ivenes), 74
" " (Loewenfeld), 76
Let-instinct-live theory, 379
Libido, 231, 347-48, 407, 471
" animal rôle of, 423-26
" canalisation of, 260, 274
" defined, 156, 288
" emanates from unconscious, 461
" stored-up, 234
Life, archaic view of, x
Life-lines psychological, 470, 474
Literature of psychoanalysis, 154-55
Little Anna, 132-54
Little Hans, 132
Loewenfeld, 74-76
Longfellow, 436
Loy's correspondence with Jung, 236-77
Lumpf-theory, 147
Lying, pathological, 15, 70, 71
Macario, 64
Macnish's case, 11
Maeder, 337, 447
Man a herd animal, 263, 269
" hylic, etc., 405
Martian language (Helen Smith), 90
Masculinity, unconscious, 420, 427
Masochism, 165
Materia medica of filth, 243-44
Maury, 62
Mayer, Robert, 231, 411
Medical augur, 244
Medium, S. W. as, 18
Megalomania, 462
Megarian school of philosophy, 402
Melungu, 413
Memory, bad, due to repression, 446
Mental balance, 282
Mental deficiency (neurasthenic), 14
Mesnet's case, 10-11
Metaphysical needs of individual, 223
Metempsychosis, 413
Method of association, 370
Meynert, 316
Mind the, a Becoming, 341
" collective, 451
Mirror-writing, 54
Misreading, 17, 46, 48
Misunderstanding between types, 404
Mithras, religion of, 366
Moment, etiological, of neurosis, 405
Monism psychological, 464
Moral conflict, 225, 242, 247, 251
Moral effect of analytical psychology, 375-76
Mörchen, 14
Mother, adaptation to, 125, 159, 171, 232
Myers, automatic writing, 54
Mysticism, 462
Mystic science, S. W., 40-44
Myth, the, 436
" unanimity of autochthonous forms, forms of, 451
Mythology, 226
Naef's case, 8
Naïve and sentimental types, 294
Nancy school, 356
Nebuchadnezzar's dream discussed, 281
Necessity, vital, ix, 375
Negativism, 200-201
" causes of (Bleuler), 202
" katatonic, 202
Negativism, schizophrenic, 200
Nelken, 337
Neumann, 353
Neurasthenia, 1, 129
Neurosis, 256, 370, 375
" ætiology of, 234
" and civilisation, 224, 374
" cause of, 232, 404
" " outbreak of, 229
" counter-argument against husband, 129-31
" failure in adaptation, 234
" Freud's theory of, 227
" good effect of, 395
" introversion in child, 140
" no magical cures of, 470
" psychogenic in essence, 356
" sexual ætiology of, too narrow, 231
" the cause in present, 232
" used for power effects, 388
Neurotic, a bearer of social ideals, 271, 277
" regressive tendency of, 469
Neurotic's faith in authority, 268
" special task, 233
Nietzsche, 87, 88, 295-96, 310, 326, 343, 378, 381, 393, 414, 417, 470
Nominalism, 402
Non-ego, 416, 434
Nucleus-complex, 228
Number dreams, 292
Objective interpretation on plane of, 421
Occultism's premature conclusions, 85
Occultist literature, gnostic systems, 93
Œdipus-complex, 228, 232
Opposition to Freud's publications, 355
Ostwald, 292, 398, 402
Pairs of opposites, 417, 452
Paranoia, 128, 313
Paranoid dementia, Freud's case, 336-37
Parental duty to children, 153
" constellation, 160-75
_Parties supérieures_ (Janet), 232, 452
Pathological cheat, psychology of, 70
" dreaming of saints, 70
Patient and doctor, personal relation, 216-219
Patients' resistances, 117, 202-05, 216
Perseveration, 106, 111
Personality of doctor, 238, 243, 259
Personal unconscious, 437, 448
Persona, 457-66, 472
Persuasion methods, 237
Perversion, sexual, 447
Phales, 183
Phantasies, release of, 458, 447
" sexual, 228
" unifying function of, 468
Phenomena, entoptic, 61
" of double consciousness as character formations, 84
Philosophy world, 350
Physical sensations as evidence of unconscious feelings, 405
Physician as "father," 408
Physician's own complexes, 243, 257
Pick, 70, 71
Pinel, 315
Platonic school, 402
Power, evaluation, 274
" " (Adler), 340, 394
Power standpoint, Adler on, viii, ix
Predicate type, 125
Predisposition to neurosis, 233, 359
Press of ideas, 203
Preyer, 51
Primitive non-differentiation, 453
Primordial images, 410, 414, 448
Prism, parable of, 252
Problems of the day, sexual, 276, 367-77
Projection, 427-33
" on doctor, 273, 407-8
" of phantasies on to parents, 409
" to religions, 435
Prophetess of Prevorst, 27, 37, 69, 91-93
Proust's case, 9-11
Prudishness, 154
" case of, 119
Pseudologia phantastica, 72
Pseudological representation, 71
Psyche, collective, 431, 455, 458, 472
Psychic images, 438
" life of child, 132-56
" material unconscious, 279
Psychoanalysis a high moral task, 235
" defined, 206, 256
" literature of, 154-55
" prejudices against, 206-07
" technique of, 257
Psychoanalyst, education of, 244, 258, 266
Psychocatharsis, 237
Psychographic communications, 25
Psychological disturbances, new theory of, 404
" ego and non-ego, 434
" realities, consolation of, 435
Psychological types, study of, 287-98, 391
Psychology, deep (Bleuler), 354
" of dreams, 299-311
" of individual, 464
" of pathological cheat, 70
" of rumour, 176
Puberty, changes in character at, 67
" dreams of, 74, 178
" of psychopathic, 68
" somnambulic attacks at, 84
" want of balance at, 45
Race-motherhood (Ivenes), 39
Rapport effective with hysterics, 81, 287
Rationalism, 431, 464
" antithesis of, 416
Reaction-times, 98-102
" -type, 157
" " hysterical, 97
" " normal, 96
Realism, 402
Reasoning method of Dubois, 208
Reconstruction of life, 236
Reflection, power of, 397
Regression, 230, 232, 469
Regressive extroversion, 288
" introversion, 289
Reincarnation (Ivenes), 37-9
Renaudin's case, _Folie circulaire_, 67
Repressed contents to be retained in consciousness, 447
" thoughts, independent growth of, 82
Repression, 446
" new edition of, 461
Reproduction experiment, 116
Resistances, patients', 117, 202-05, 216
" productive of distortion, 285
Revenge, unconscious, 190
Revolution, French, 431
Reynolds, Mary, case of (change of character), 65
Ribot, 66
Richer, 66
Richet, 92
" definition of somnambulism, 49
Rieger, 66
Riegl, 293
Riklin, 149
Rumour, case of, 176
" interpolations in, 176
" not conscious invention, 178
S. W., case of, 16-45
Saints, pathological dreaming of, 70
Sallust, 231
Schiller, 294
Schisms, 453
Schizophrenia, 201, 312, 447, 459
" Bleuler's summary, 203
Schizophrenic introversion, 204
" splitting, 201
Scholasticism, 340, 352, 373
School, Megarian _v._ Platonic, 402
" the Nancy, 356
" " Valentinian, 405
" " Zürich, 355
Schoolmaster view, 264
Schopenhauer, 295, 368, 447-48
Schreber case, 337, 343, 346, 440
Schüle, 61
Semiotics, vii, 468
Semi-somnambulic states, 23
Semi-somnambulism (S. W.), 23, 37, 48-9
Sexual enlightenment of children, 152, 247
" morality, 380
" perversion, 447
" phantasies, 228
" problems of the day, 277, 367-77
_Sexual question_, Forel, 365
Sexual surrogates, 172
Sexuality, importance of infantile, 172
" primitive man's view of, 306
Sexualisation of thought, 204
Significance of the father, 156
" " " case 1 160
" " " " 2 162
" " " " 3 165
" " " " 4 170
" of number dreams, 191
Slips of tongue, 179
Smith, Helen, case of, 61, 63-64, 72, 91
Socrates, 332, 374
Somnambulic attacks, S. W., 28
" " origin of, 75
" dialogues, 18
" personalities, 30-33
Somnambulism, 2, 8, 16, 18, 240
Somnambulist's suggestibility, 92
" thought in plastic images, 60
Spielrein, 337
Standpoint, causal, final, viii
Stanley Hall, Dr., 94
Star-dwellers, 35, 36
Stekel, 191, 259, 261
Stereotypic acts, 282
Stimulus word, 101
" " repetition of, 105
Study of psychological types, 287-98, 391-403
Subconscious personality, how constructed, 55
" personalities, Grandfather I. and II., 80
Subjective interpretation of dreams, 421
" roots of dreams, 73
Sublimation, 140, 397-99
Sucking as sexual act, 231
Suggestibility, influence of darkness on, 59
" somnambulist's, 92
Suggestion, analysis not a method of, 207
" by analyst, 261, 265, 266, 456, 469
Superman, 414
Super-personal unconscious, 426
Superstition, scientific dread of, 211
" unconscious, 280
Swedenborg, 37
" visions of, 63
Symbol interpreted semiotically, vii, 468
" not fixed, 218, 221, 265, 308
" psychological, two aspects of, viii
" value of religious, xi
Symbolic meaning of sexual phantasies, 222
Symbolism, 198, 224, 337
" an experience, 222
" book of Tobias, 174
" chestnuts, meaning of, 183
" God and devil, 174
" of dreams, 59, 218, 308
" value of religious, 224
Sympathy (extraversion), 293
Symptomatic acts, 46, 179, 281
" laughter, 388
Synesius, 417
Synthetic procedure, 417
Systematic anæsthesia, 68
Table movements, 85
Table-turning, 17, 24, 50
Tachypnoea (case of S. W.), 19
Taylor, 413
Teleology, meaning in double consciousness, 84
Telepathic thought-reading, 266
Tender-minded and tough-minded, 290, 402
Theories new, as caustics, 394
" " of psychogenic disturbances, 404
" " reductive, 394
Thought of extroverts, 403
Thought-feelings, 411, 461
Thought-pressure, 204
Thought-reading, 85-92
Thought, somnambulic, in plastic images, 60
" transference, 24, 51, 56
Till Eulenspiegel, 387
Tongue, slips of, 179
Tower of Babel, 446
Transcendental function, 417, 436, 441
Transference, 245-46, 270, 289, 407-13, 429, 435
" infantile, 298
" positive and negative, 270-72
Trauma, sexual, 227, 242, 358, 361-62
" theory (Charcot), 361
Trumbull Ladd, 62
Truth, what is it, 252, 256
Twilight states, 71, 81
Type, complex, 114
" definition, 114
" extroverted, 288, 391, 439, 401
" introverted, 288, 391, 439, 401
" objective, 11
" predicate, 115
Types (Finck), 296
" (Gross), 296-97
" importance of, 348
" marriages between, 402
" naïve and sentimental, 294
" psychological, 287, 391, 439, 401
Tough and tender-minded, 290
Typical themes of dreams, 310
Unconscious, absolute, 435
" analysable to a finish, 461
" an extension of the individual, vi
" assimilation of, 449
" compensation, 284
" cannot be emptied, 447
" cause of neurosis, 404
" feelings as physical sensations, 405
" homosexuality, 420
" impersonal, 437, 472
" importance of the, 278
" personal, 437, 448, 456, 472
" personalities (Ivenes), 77
" prospective aspect of, 442
" psychic material, 279
" source of libido, 461
" " " wisdom, 442
" superstition, 280
" uprush of, 459
Understanding, prospective, 338, 442
Understanding, retrospective, 338
Unifying function of phantasies, 468
Value of religious symbolism, 224
"Values," 392, 396, 404
Viennese school, one-sided interpretations of, 217
Vices and virtues, collective, 453
Virtues, unconscious counterparts, 389
Vischer, 348-49
Visions, Benvenuto Cellini, 63
" hypnagogic, 63, 71
" of Jeanne d'Arc, 63
" of S. W., 21
" of Swedenborg, 63
Visual images, 60
" _v._ auditory hallucinations, 61
"Vital necessity," ix
Voisin, 66
Volitional meaning of dreams, 222
Wagner, 383
Wandering impulse, cases of, 9
War, vi, xi, 398, 399, 416
Warringer, 293-94
Washing mania, 246
Wernicke, 316
Westphal, 13
Will, 397-99
" to power, 381, 388, 458
Wisdom of unconscious, 442
Wish-phantasies, 447
Witch-sleep, 75
Word predicate, type defined, 158
Word-presentation, 53
Works of the Zürich school, 345-46
World-philosophy, 350
Wundt, 352
Zarathustra, 381
Zagreus, 417
Zschokke, 92
Zürich school, 355
" " works of, 345-46
* * * * *
THE END
_Baillière, Tindall & Cox, 8, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C._
* * * * *
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| |
| Transcriber notes: |
| |
| P.XXI. 'C. C.' changed to 'C. G.'. |
| P.22. 'Occasionlly' typo for 'Occasionally', changed. |
| P.23. 'third kind of taste' changed 'taste' to 'state'. |
| P.72. 'Our patent develops', 'patent' changed to 'patient'. |
| P.103. added '+ denotes' in footnote 9 for multiple footnote. |
| P.201. 'Pyschology' typo for 'Psychology', changed. |
| P.217. 'unnecessary' typo for 'unnecessary', changed. |
| P.305. Freud's view-point of casuality', changed 'casuality' to |
| 'causality'. |
| P.340. 'beween' typo for 'between', changed. |
| P.345. Placed footnote anchor after 'mythological formations', |
| but could be elsewhere on the page. It may be an independant |
| reference to the whole section. |
| P.384. 'castastrophe' typo for 'catastrophe', changed. |
| P.451. 'colective' typo for 'collective', changed. |
| P.471. 'devolopment' typo for 'development' changed. |
| P.482. in index, 'Hommunculus' is 'Homunculus' in the book, changed. |
| Fixed various punctuation. |
| Underscore before and after _text_ indicates italics. |
| |
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