The first and largest association established for the study of
librarianship was the American Library Association (1876). The Library
Association of the United Kingdom was formed in 1877 as an outcome of
the first International Library Conference, held at London, and in 1898
it received a royal charter. It publishes a _Year Book_, the monthly
_Library Association Record_, and a number of professional handbooks. It
also holds examinations in Literary History, Bibliography and Library
Economy, and issues certificates and diplomas. There are also English
and Scottish district library associations. The Library Assistants
Association was formed in 1895 and has branches in different parts of
England, Wales and Ireland. It issues a monthly magazine entitled _The
Library Assistant_. There is an important Library Association in Germany
which issues a year-book giving information concerning the libraries of
the country, and a similar organization in Austria-Hungary which issues
a magazine at irregular intervals. An Association of Archivists and
Librarians was formed at Brussels in 1907, and there are similar
societies in France, Italy, Holland and elsewhere. In every country
there is now some kind of association for the study of librarianship,
archives or bibliography. International conferences have been held at
London, 1877; London, 1897; Paris (at Exhibition), 1903; St Louis, 1904;
Brussels (preliminary), 1908; and Brussels, 1910.
LIBRARY PERIODICALS.--The following is a list of the current
periodicals which deal with library matters, with the dates of their
establishment and place of publication: _The Library Journal_ (New
York, 1876); _The Library_ (London, 1889); _Public Libraries_
(Chicago, 1896); _The Library World_ (London, 1898); _The Library
Assistant_ (1898); _The Library Association Record_ (1899); _Library
Work_ (Minneapolis, U.S., 1906); _Bulletin of the American Library
Association_ (Boston, 1907); _Revue des bibliothèques_ (Paris, 1891);
_Bulletin des bibliothèques populaires_ (Paris, 1906); _Courrier des
Bibliothèques_ (Paris); _Bulletin de l'institut international de
bibliographie_ (Brussels, 1895); _Revue des bibliothèques et archives
de Belgique_ (Brussels, 1903); _Tijdschrift voor boek- en
bibliotheekwezen_ (Hague, 1903); _De Boekzaal_ (Hague, 1907);
_Bogsamlingsbladet_ (Copenhagen, 1906); _For Folke-og
Barnboksamlinger_ (Christiania, 1906); _Folkebibliotheksbladet_
(Stockholm, 1903); _Zentralblatt für Bibliothekswesen_ (Leipzig,
1884); _Blätter für Volksbibliotheken und Lesehallen_ (1899;
occasional supplement to the above); _Bibliographie des Bibliotheks-
und Buchwesens_ (ed. by Adalbert Hortzschansky, 1904; issued in the
_Zentralblatt_); _Jahrbuch der Deutschen Bibliotheken_ (Leipzig,
1902); _Minerva. Jahrbuch der gelehrten Welt_ (Strassburg, 1890);
_Mitteilungen des österreichischen Vereins für Bibliothekswesen_
(Vienna, 1896); _Ceská Osvéta_ (Novy Bydzov, Bohemia, 1905); _Revista
delle biblioteche e degli archivi_ (Florence, 1890); _Bollettino delle
biblioteche popolari_ (Milan, 1907); _Revista de Archivos, Bibliotecas
y Museos Madrid_ (1907); _The Gakuto_ (Tokio, Japan, 1897).
(H. R. T.; J. D. Br.)