_l_, § 33.
[70] The mark ´ _precedes_ the stressed syllable.
APPENDIX I
Exercises.
1. How is _-ious_ pronounced in _gracious_, _bilious_, _victorious_?
2. How is _-ion_ pronounced in _motion_, _onion_, _criterion_,
_vision_, and _Ionian_?
3. How is _-ial_ pronounced in _labial_, _judicial_, _martial_,
_partiality_?
4. What difference in pronunciation, if any, do you make between _hire_
and _higher_, _lyre_ and _liar_, _cure_ and _(s)kewer_, _alms_ and
_arms_?
5. Consider the value of _oar_ in _roar_ and in _roaring_, and the
value of _air_ in _pair_ and in _pairing_.
6. Determine the vowel sounds corresponding to the italicized letters
in ch_i_ld, ch_i_ldren; wom_a_n, wom_e_n; r_ea_d (infinitive),
r_ea_d (past participle); s_ay_, s_ay_s; dr_ea_m, dr_ea_med; l_ea_p,
l_ea_ped; h_ea_r, h_ea_rd; c_a_n, c_a_n't; d_o_, d_o_n't; gentlem_a_n,
gentlem_e_n.
7. Write in transcript the words italicized:
_a._ I have _learned_ much from this _learned_ man.
_b._ He has _aged_ a good deal. He is _aged_.
_c._ I _used_ to _use_ it; you _used_ it too.
Try to account for the pronunciation of _used_ in the sense of "was
accustomed" (see § 49).
8. Transcribe your pronunciation of _halfpenny, twopence_,
_threepence_. Show the difference between the English and the French
pronunciation of _franc_, and between the English and the German
pronunciation of _mark_.
9. A waiter was heard to remark pathetically that he never _could_ tell
whether a customer wanted "cold lamb" or "cold ham." What caused his
uncertainty?
10. The pronunciation of the children of Walworth attending the Church
schools has given much concern to Canon Horsley, who says that in
their speech "I've been to take her home" becomes "binter tiker rome,"
"Oh, shake hands" becomes "ow shy cans," and "I've been having a game"
becomes "binnavinagime." Consider the pronunciation suggested by this
rough transcription, transcribe it more carefully, and comment on such
features of the Walworth dialect as it illustrates.
11. You are familiar with the term "alliteration," and know that it is
a favourite device of cheap journalism. Criticise the alliteration in
the following scare-lines: CITY CLERK CHASED. THIEF TAKEN. SOLICITOR
SHOT.
12. Mention words in which the following letters are written but not
sounded: _b_, _g_, _gh_, _k_, _l_, _m_, _n_, _t_, _w_.
13. Comment on the following statement: "The letters _l_ and _r_ are
called trills, because there is a vibration in the sounds, or in some
part of the vocal apparatus by which we pronounce them."
14. Consider this statement: "The _ai_ in _fair_, _ea_ in _lead_, _ie_
in _field_, _ei_ in _receive_, are none of them true diphthongs; they
are more or less clumsy ways of showing the length of an elementary
vowel-sound."
15. "English has two _e_ sounds, as in _fed_, _feed_, and four _u_
sounds, as in _but_, _pull_, _fur_, _fool_." Do you agree with this?
16. Why does _crystal_ look nicer than _kristle_, which represents the
same sounds? Account for such spellings as Edythe, Smythe, Whyte.
17. Say quickly but distinctly:
She sells sea-shells in a salt-fish shop.
Is Stephen Smith's son a smith too?
How many houses had Harry Hall?
Long and loudly little Lily laughed.
The skilled dentist extracted the three teeth.
Do you want the thick thread or the thin?
In silence he sat on the sands by the silvery sea.
A boat is floating over the ocean.
With a loud shout he came out of the house.
The first question Charles asked was strange.
Three grey geese in the green grass grazing.
18. Discuss the old-fashioned form of address "mine host." Do you say
"an historical novel"? "a (or an) hotel at Folkestone"? How do you
pronounce "the Grand Hotel"? Transcribe your pronunciation of "I gave
her her hat."
19. What is the derivation of _ventriloquist_? Does the term correctly
indicate the way in which ventriloquists produce their sounds? Which
sounds do you think most likely to give them difficulty?
20. In the French of the 12th century _l_ under certain circumstances
became a vowel; thus _altre_ became _autre_ and _chevals_ became
_chevaus_. How do you explain this change? Point to a similar change in
English.
21. How would you teach a foreigner to pronounce the English _th_
sounds?
22. Little children say _pease_ for _please_, _gamma_ or _granma_ for
_grandma_, _dess_ for _dress_, _tocking_ for _stocking_. Illustrate the
tendency shown in these examples from the speech of grown-up people.
23. Comment on the little child's pronunciation of _tsain_ for _chain_,
_fee_ for _three_, _noder_ for _another_, and _bafyoom_ for _bathroom_.
24. Consider carefully the question, why the pronunciation of a foreign
language presents difficulties; draw on any foreign language you know
for illustrations.
25. The Latin _camera_ is our _chamber_, _numerus_ our _number_, Latin
_humilis_ our _humble_, Latin _similare_ our _(re)semble_. Account for
the _b_ in the English words.
26. Consider the value of _ure_ in _sure_, _pure_, _nature_, _figure_.
27. What light is thrown on the pronunciation of the past by the
following quotations:
(_a_) While he, withdrawn, at their mad labour smiles,
And safe enjoys the Sabbath of his toils. (Dryden.)
(_b_) Dreading even fools, by flatterers besieg'd,
And so obliging that he ne'er oblig'd. (Pope.)
(_c_) _Cóntemplate_ is bad enough, but _bálcony_ makes me sick.
(Rogers.)
(_d_) The dame, of manner various, temper fickle,
Now all for pleasure, now the conventicle. (Colman.)
(_e_) There is little doubt that in the pronunciation of
_successor_ the antepenultimate accent will prevail. (Walker.)
(_f_) To ketch [catch] him at a vantage in his snares.
(Spenser.)
(_g_) Yet he was kind, or, if severe in aught,
The love he bore to learning was in fault. (Goldsmith.)
28. Determine which sounds are represented by _ea_ in the following
words: _bear_, _beard_, _bread_, _bead_, _yea_, _create_, _realm_,
_leap_, _leapt_, _hearken_; and by _eo_ in the following words:
_yeoman_, _people_, _leopard_, _re-open_.
29. Determine which sounds are represented by _oi_ in the following
words: _boil_, _heroic_, _choir_, _tortoise_, _turquoise_, _coincide_;
and by _ou_ in the following words: _south_, _southern_, _mourn_,
_journal_, _though_, _thought_, _uncouth_.
30. Determine which sounds are represented by _g_ in the following
words: _gem_, _goal_, _gaol_, _gill_, _gibberish_, _fatigue_, _gnaw_;
and by _ough_ in the following words: _trough_, _through_, _thorough_,
_sough_, _cough_, _rough_, _plough_, _lough_.
31. A character in one of Miss Braddon's novels says:
"Supernumery--it's no use, I don't think anybody ever did know how
many syllables there are in that word." What is it that leads to the
shortening of this word in uneducated speech? Mention similar cases of
shortening.
APPENDIX II
Lists of Words with Phonetic Transcription.
NOTE.
The accent shows that the _following_ syllable has the chief stress.
As these lists are intended for the use of English students, it has
been thought sufficient to let [e] represent the first vowel sound and
[i] the second vowel sound in _very_.
The variation in length of [ij] and other diphthongs and of [m, n, l],
etc., has not been indicated.
Words which have occurred in the text of the book are not repeated here.
When two pronunciations are given, both may be considered as common;
the first is generally to be preferred. If, however, a pronunciation is
enclosed in brackets, it is to be regarded as faulty.
A. General.
abdomen, æb´doumən (´æbdomən)
ab initio, ´æb i´niʃiou, -jou
abscission, æb´siʒən
acacia, ə´keiʃə
accent (subst.), ´æksənt, ´æksent; (verb) æk´sent
acclimatize, ´æklimətaiz, ə´klaimetaiz
accolade, ´ækɔleid
accoutre, ə´kuwtə
acetic, ə´sijtik, -se-
acoustics, ə´kaustiks (ə´kuwstiks)
acrobat, ´ækrobæt
adage, ´ædidʒ
adept, ´ædept, ə´dept
adieu, ə´djuw
ad infinitum, ´æd infi´naitəm
admirable, ´ædmirəbl
admiration, ædmi´reiʃən
ad nauseam, ´æd ´nɔːsiæm, -jæm
ado, ə´duw
adult, ´ædʌlt, ə´dʌlt
ad valorem, æd və´lɔːrem
advantageous, ædvən´teidʒəs, ædvæn´teidʒəs
advertisement, əd´vəːtizmənt
aegis, ´ijdʒis
aegrotat, i´groutæt
aerated, ´ɛːəreitid
aerial, ɛ´eriəl, ɛ´iːəriəl
aerie, ´ɛːri, ´iːəri
aeronaut, ´ɛːronɔːt
aesthetics, ij´sθetiks (e´sθetiks)
a fortiori, ´ei fɔː´ʃjɔːrai
again, ə´gen, ə´gein
against, ə´genst, ə´geinst
aged (adj.), ´eidʒid
aggrandizement, ə´grændizmənt
aghast, ə´gɑːst
agile, ´ædʒail
ague, ´eigjuw
aisle, ´ail
albeit, ´ɔːlbijit
algebra, ´ældʒibrə
alibi, ´ælibai
alienate, ´eiljəneit
allegiance, ə´lijdʒəns
allegro, ə´legrou, -leig-
allot, ə´lɔt
alloy, ə´lɔi
ally, ə´lai
almanac, ´ɔːlmənæk
also, ´ɔːlsou, ´ɔlsou
always, ´ɔːlwiz, -wəz, -weiz
amateur, ´æmətəː, ´æmətʃuə
amenity, ə´meniti
among, ə´mʌŋ (ə´mɔŋ)
anæmic, ə´nijmik
anarchist, ´ænəkist
anarchy, ´ænəki, ´ænɑːki
anchovy, æn´tʃouvi
anemone, ə´neməni
angina, æn´dʒainə
anglice, ´æŋglisi
ant, ´ænt (´ɑːnt)
antipodes, æn´tipodijz
antique, æn´tijk
antithesis, æn´tiθisis
aorist, ´ɛːərist
aperture, ´æpəˑtʃə
aphasia, ə´feizjə
apophthegm, ´æpoθem
apotheosis, æpoθi´ousis, əpo-
apparatus, æpə´reitəs
apparent, ə´pɛːrənt, -pær-
a priori, ´ei pri´ɔːrai
apropos, ´æpropou
arch-, usually ɑːtʃ
archangel, ´ɑːkeindʒəl
archetype, ´ɑːkitaip
archi-, ´ɑːki-, ´ɑːkj-
archives, ´ɑːkaivz
arid, ´ærid
arras, ´ærəs
artificer, ɑː´tifisə
artiste, ´ɑːtijst, -ist
asafœtida, ´æsə´fetidə
askance, ə´skæns, -ɑːns
aspirant, ə´spairənt
assignee, æsi´nij
atoll, ´ætɔl, ə´tɔl
attorney, ə´təːni
avalanche, ´ævəlɑːnʃ
awkward, ´ɔːkwəd
awry, ə´rai
ayah, ´ajə
aye (always), ´ei
aye (yes), ´ai
baboo, ´bɑːbuw
bacillus, bə´siləs
bagatelle, ´bægətel
bakshish, ´bækʃijʃ
balcony, ´bælkəni
ballet, ´bælei
balsam, ´bɔːlsəm
basalt, ´bæsɔlt, bə´sɔːlt
bass (voice), ´beis
because, bi´kɔːz, bi´kɔz
bedizen, bi´daizən
begone, bi´gɔn
belligerent, be´lidʒərənt
betroth, bi´trouð
bicycle, ´baisikl (´bai´saikl)
bigot, ´bigət
bijou, ´bijʒuw
billet-doux, ´bilei´duw
bison, ´baisən
bitumen, ´bitjumən, bi´tjuwmən
bizarre, bi´zɑː
blancmange, blə´mɔn(d)ʒ
blithe, ´blaið
blouse, ´blauz (´bluwz)
boatswain, ´bousən
bodega, bo´dijgə
bombast, ´bɔmbæst, ´bɔmbəst
bona fide, ´bounə ´faidi
booth, ´buwð
borough, ´bʌrə (´bʌrou)
bouquet, bu´kei
bourn, ´bɔːn, ´buːən
bravado, brə´veidou, brə´vɑːdou
brazier, ´breiʒə, ´breizjə
breeches, ´britʃiz, ´brij-
brougham, ´bruːəm, ´brouəm (´broum)
brusque, ´brusk, ´brʌsk
buffet, ´bufei
bulwark, ´bulwək
bureau, ´bjuːrou, bju´rou
burgher, ´bəːgə
cabal, kə´bæl
cachet, ´kæʃei
cadi, ´keidi
caesura, si´zjuːrə
cambric, ´keimbrik
campanile, kæmpə´nijli
cañon, ´kænjən
cantata, kæn´tɑːtə
cantonment, kæn´tuwnmənt, -tɔn-
caoutchouc, ´kautʃuk
cap-à-pie, ´kæpəpij
capitalist, ´kæpitəlist
caprice, kə´prijs
capuchin, ´kæpjutʃin
carouse, kə´rauz
cashier, kə´ʃiːə
casino, kə´sijnou
cathedra, ´kæθidrə (kə´θijdrə)
cauliflower, ´kɔliflauə
celibate, ´selibət
'cello, ´tʃelou
centenary, ´sentenri, sen´tenəri
cere (-cloths, -ments), ´siːə-
chagrin, ʃə´grijn, ʃə´grin
chalybeate, kæ´libjet
chamois (leather), ´ʃæmi
chaperon, ´ʃæpəroun
charade, ʃə´rɑːd, ʃə´reid
charivari, ´ʃærij´vɑːrij
charlatan, ´ʃɑːlətən, -æn
chastisement, ´tʃæstizmənt
chauffeur, ´ʃoufə
chaunt, ´tʃɑːnt
chauvinist, ´ʃouvinist
chic, ´ʃik
chimera, kai´miərə, ki-
chiro-, ´kairo-
chivalric, ʃi´vælrik } also
chivalrous, ´ʃivəlrəs } with
chivalry, ´ʃivəlri } tʃi-
choir, ´kwaiə
choleric, ´kɔlərik
chough, ´tʃʌf
cicala, si´kɑːlə
cicerone, sisə´rouni
cinque, ´siŋk
circuit, ´səːkit
circumstance, ´səːkəmstəns
clandestine, klæn´destin
clematis, ´klemətis, (kli´meitis)
clique, ´klijk
coalesce, kouə´les
cobalt, ´koubɔlt
cochineal, ´kɔtʃinijl
cognisant, ´kɔgnisənt
coign(e), ´kɔin
coincide, kouin´said
colonel, ´kəːnəl
combat, combatant, combative have ´kʌm- or ´kɔm-
comely, ´kʌmli
commentary, ´kɔməntri
comparable, ´kɔmprəbəl
comrade, ´kʌmrid, ´kɔmrid
conch, ´kɔŋk
condign, kən´dain
condolence, kən´douləns
conger, ´kɔŋgə
congeries, kɔn´dʒeriijz, -´dʒij-
conjure (sleight of hand), ´kʌndʒə
conjure (implore), kən´dʒuːə
connoisseur, kɔni´səː, kɔni´sjuːə
consignee, kɔnsi´nij
Consols, kən´sɔlz
constable, ´kʌnstəbl, ´kɔnstəbl
construe, ´kɔnstruw, kən´struw
contagion, kən´teidʒən
contemplate, ´kɔntempleit (kən´templeit)
contemplative, kɔn´templətiv
contents, ´kɔntents, kən´tents
contumacy, ´kɔntjuməsi
contumely, kən´tjuwmili
conversazione, kɔnvəsætsi´ouni
corollary, kə´rɔləri, kɔrələri
corps, ´kɔː
coterie, ´koutərij
cotillon, ko´tiljən
counterfeit, ´kauntəfit
courteous, ´kɔːtjəs, ´kəːtjəs (´kəːtʃəs)
courtesy, ´kəːtəsi
courtier, ´kɔːtjə
covetous, ´kʌvitəs
covey, ´kʌvi
coxswain, ´kɔksən
cozen, ´kʌzən
crayon, ´krejən
croup, ´kruwp
cui bono, ´kai ´bounou
cuirass, kwi´ræs, kju-
cuisine, kwi´zijn
cuneiform, ´kjuwniifɔːm
cupola, ´kjuwpolə
cynosure, ´sainosjuə, ´sainoʃuə, ´sino-
dais, ´deis
dandelion, ´dændilaiən
debauch, di´bɔːtʃ
debonair, ´debənɛːə
debris, ´debri
decade, ´dekəd, ´dekeid
decadence, ´dekədəns
decease, di´sijs
decorous, ´dekərəs, di´kɔːrəs
dei gratia, dijai ´greiʃiei
demesne, di´mein
demise, di´maiz
demonstrate, ´demənstreit
demy (paper), di´mai
depot, ´depou (´dijpou)
derelict, ´derəlikt
desiderate, di´sidəreit
design, di´zain
designate, ´dezigneit, ´des-
desist, di´zist
desuetude, ´deswitjuwd
diæresis, dai´iːərəsis
diapason, daiə´peizən
didactic, di´dæktik
dilatory, ´dilət(ə)ri
dilettante, dili´tænti
diocese, ´daiosis
dis- (before voiced sounds), diz-; (before voiceless sounds), dis-
dishabille, ´disəbijl
disputant, ´dispjutənt
distich, ´distik
divan, di´væn (´daivən)
divers, ´daivəːs
diverse, di´vəːs
divisible, di´vizibl
docile, ´dousail, ´dɔsail
doctrinal, ´dɔktrinəl, dɔk´trainəl
doge, ´doudʒ
dolorous, ´dɔlərəs
domicile, ´dɔmisail
douche, ´duʃ, ´duwʃ
doughty, ´dauti
dramatis personæ, ´dræmətis pəː´sounij
draught, ´drɑːft
drollery, drouləri
dromedary, ´drʌmidəri
drought, ´draut (drɔːt)
dubiety, djuw´baiəti
ducat, ´dʌkət
ductile, ´dʌktail
duteous, ´djuwtjəs (´djuwtʃəs)
dynasty, ´dinəsti, ´dainəsti
dysentery, ´disəntri
eau de Cologne, ´ou di kə´loun
echelon, ´eʃəlɔn
eclat, ´eklɑː, e´klɑː
e´en, ´ijn
e´er, ´ɛːə
effete, e´fijt
eglantine, ´egləntain
either, ´aiðə, ´ijðə
elicit, i´lisit
elite, e´lijt
elixir, i´liksə
emaciated, i´meiʃieitid
embrasure, em´breiʒə
enervate, ´enəːveit
enunciate, i´nʌnʃieit
envelope, ´ɔnvəloup, ´enveloup
environs, en´vairənz
epaulet, ´epɔlet
epitome, i´pitomi
epoch, ´ijpɔk (´epɔk)
equerry, ´ekwəri, e´kweri
erase, i´reis
erasure, i´reiʒə
ere, ´ɛːə
escheat, es´tʃijt
eschew, es´tʃuw
esoteric, eso´terik
espionage, ´espiɔnidʒ
evasive, i´veisiv
exchequer, eks´tʃekə
excise, ´eksaiz, ek´saiz
excuse (verb), eks´kjuwz, (subst.) eks´kjuws
expert, ´ekspəːt
expletive, ek´splijtiv
exquisite, ´ekskwizit
extant, ek´stænt, ´ekstənt
extempore, ek´stempəri
extirpate, ´ekstəːpeit
extraordinary, ek´strɔːdnəri, ´ekstrə´ɔːdinəri
exude, eg´zjuwd, -ks-
eyot, ´aiət
façade, fə´sɑːd, fə´seid
facile, ´fæsil
facsimile, fæk´simili
fakir, fə´kiːə, ´feikiə
falchion, ´fɔːlʃən
fanatic, fə´nætik
farinaceous, færi´neiʃəs
fealty, ´fiːəlti
fecund, ´fijkʌnd, ´fe-
feod, ´fjuwd
feoff, ´fef
fetish, ´fijtiʃ, ´fe-
finance, fi´næns
financier, fi´nænʃə, -sjə
finesse, fi´nes
fissure, ´fiʃə
flaccid, ´flæksid
flamboyant, flæm´bɔjənt
fluor, ´fluːə
fœtid, ´fetid
forfeit, ´fɔːfit
fragile, ´frædʒail
franchise, ´fræn(t)ʃaiz, -ʃiz
frigate, ´frigət
frontier, ´frɔntiːə, frʌn-
fuchsia, ´fjuwʃə
fugue, ´fjuwg
furlough, ´fəːlou
furore, fju´rɔːri
futile, ´fjuwtail
gala, ´geilə
gallant (polite), gə´lænt
gambol, ´gæmbl
gaol, ´dʒeil
garish, ´gɛːriʃ
gaseous, gæsjəs, geiʒjəs
gauche, ´gouʃ
gauge, ´geidʒ
generic, dʒe´nerik
gesture, dʒestʃə
gewgaw, ´gjuwgɔː
geyser, ´gaisə, ´geisə
ghoul, ´guwl
gibberish, ´gibəriʃ
gibbet, ´dʒibit
gibbous, ´gibəs
gig, ´gig
gigantic, dʒai´gæntik
gill (of fish), ´gil; (of liquid), ´dʒil
gillyflower, ´dʒiliflauə
gimlet, ´gimlit
gimp, ´gimp
gist, ´dʒist
gizzard, ´gizəd
glacial, ´gleiʃəl
glacier, ´gleiʃə, ´glæsjə, -iə
gladiolus, glə´daiələs, glædi´ouləs
glamour, ´glæmə
goitre, ´gɔitə
gondola, ´gɔndələ (gɔn´doulə)
gosling, ´gɔzliŋ
gouge, ´guwdʒ, ´gaudʒ
gourd, ´guːəd, ´gɔːd
gravamen, græ´veimən, grə-
greasy, ´grijzi, ´grijsi
groat, ´grout (´grɔːt)
gross, ´grous
guerdon, ´gəːdən
guillotine, ´gilətijn
gunwale, ´gʌnəl
gutta-percha, ´gʌtə´pəːtʃə
gyves, ´dʒaivz
halberd, ´hælbəd
halcyon, ´hælsjən
hautboy, ´houbɔi
heifer, ´hefə
heigho, ´heihou
heinous, ´heinəs
hemorrhage, ´hemoridʒ
heroine, ´heroin
heroism, ´heroizm̩
heterogeneous, hetero´dʒijnjəs
hiatus, hai´eitəs
hierarch, ´haiərɑːk
hirsute, həː´sjuwt
hosier, ´houʒə, ´houzjə
housewife (case for needles, etc.), ´hʌzif
hussar, hu´zɑː, hʌ´zɑː
hussy, ´hʌzi
hygiene, ´haidʒijn
hygienic, haidʒi´enik, hidʒi´ijnik
hymeneal, haimi´niːəl
hyperbole, hai´pəːbəli
hypochondriacal, haipokɔn´draiəkl, hipo-
hypotenuse, hai´pɔtənjuws
hyssop, ´hisəp
identical, ai´dentikl
idiosyncrasy, idio´siŋkrəsi
idyll, ´aidil
illustrative, ´iləstreitiv, i´lʌstrətiv
imbecile, ´imbisijl, -il
imbroglio, im´brouljou
impious, ´impiəs
indecorous, in´dekərəs
indict, in´dait
indissoluble, indi´sɔljubl
inexorable, in´egzərəbl, -eks-
interesting, ´intrəstiŋ
interlocutor, in´təːlokjuwtə
interstice, in´təːstis, ´intəstis
intestine, in´testin
inundate, ´inʌndeit
inveigh, in´vei
inveigle, in´vijgl
inventory, ´invəntri
investiture, in´vestitʃə
irascible, i´ræsibl
irrefragable, i´refrəgəbl
irrefutable, i´refjutəbl
irreparable, i´repərəbl
irrevocable, i´revəkəbl
isolate, ´aisoleit
italics, i´tæliks (ai´tæliks)
itinerary, i´tinərəri
jejune, dʒe´dʒuwn
jeopardy, ´dʒepədi
jocose, dʒo´kous
jocund, ´dʒɔkʌnd, ´dʒou-
j(o)ust, dʒust, dʒuwst
kopje, ´kɔpi
laboratory, læbrətri, lə´bɔrətri
lamentable, ´læməntəbl
landau, ´lændɔː
lapel, lə´pel
lath, ´lɑːθ
laudanum, lɔdnəm
laurel, ´lɔrəl
legend, ´ledʒənd (´lijdʒənd)
legislature, ´ledʒislətʃə
leisure, ´leʒə (´lijʒə)
leopard, ´lepəd
levée, ´levi
libertine, ´libətain, -tijn, -tin
lichen, ´laikən, ´litʃən
lien, laiən, liːən, lijn
lieu, ´luw
lieutenant, lef´tenənt, lif-
lineament, ´linjəmənt
liqueur, li´kəː, li´kjuːə
liquor, ´likə
liquorice, ´likəris
litre, ´lijtə
livelong, ´laivlɔŋ, ´livlɔŋ
loath, ´louθ
loathe, ´louð
loathsome, ´louθsəm, -ð-
longevity, lɔn´dʒeviti
longitude, ´lɔndʒitjuwd
lough, ´lɔk
lowering (looking sullen), ´lauəriŋ
ludicrous, ´luwdikrəs
lugubrious, lu´guwbriəs
luxurious, lə´gzuːriəs
luxury, ´lʌkʃəri
machination, mæki´neiʃən
magi, ´meidʒai
mahlstick, ´mɔːlstik
malinger, mə´liŋgər
manœuvre, mə´nuwvə
manse, ´mæns
margarine, ´mɑːdʒərijn
marigold, ´mærigould
marquee, mɑː´kij
marquis, ´mɑːkwis
masquerade, mæskə´reid
massage, ´mæsɑːʒ
mausoleum, mɔːso´liːəm
medicament, ´medikəmənt, me´dikəmənt
mediocre, ´mijdioukə
mediocrity, mijdi´əkriti
meerschaum, ´miːəʃəm
melancholy, ´meləŋkəli
memoir, ´memwɑː
menagerie, mi´nædʒəri
menu, ´menju, mə´nuw
Messrs, ´mesəz
metallurgy, ´metələːdʒi, mi´tælədʒi
metamorphosis, metə´mɔːfəsis
metathesis, mi´tæθəsis
metre, ´mijtə
mezzotint, ´metsotint
miasma, mai´æzmə, mi-
millenary, mi´lenəri
minatory, ´mainətəri
miniature, ´miniətʃə,-tjə
minute (adj.), mai´njuwt, mi-
mirage, mi´rɑːʒ
misanthrope, ´misənθroup
miscellany, mi´seləni
mischief, ´mistʃif
morose, mə´rous
myth, ´miθ, ´maiθ
mythology, mi´θɔlədʒi
naive, ´neiv
naiveté, ´neivtei
nauseate, ´nɔːʃjeit
nauseous, ´nɔːʃjes, ´nɔːʃəs
ne'er, ´nɛːə
neither, ´naiðə, ´nijðə
nicety, ´nais(ə)ti
niche, ´nitʃ
nomenclature, no´menklətʃə
noose, ´nuwz, ´nuws
norse, ´nɔːs
nuncio, ´nʌnʃiou
nuptial, ´nʌpʃəl
oasis, ou´eisis
obeisance, o´beisəns
obese, o´bijs
obligatory, ´ɔbligətri, ɔ´bligətri, ɔbli´geitəri
obloquy, ´ɔbləkwi
obsequies, ´ɔbsikwiz
obtuse, ob´tjuws
occult, o´kʌlt
octopus, ´ɔktəpəs, ɔk´toupəs
oligarchy, ´ɔligɑːki
omniscient, ɔm´niʃənt, -si-
onerous, ´ɔnərəs
onomatopeia, ɔnəmətə´piːə
operative, ´ɔpərətiv, ´ɔpəreitiv
orchestral, ɔː´kestrəl, ´ɔːki-
ordeal, ɔː´diːəl
organization, ɔːgəni´zeiʃən, -nai-
orison, ´ɔrizən, -s-
ormolu, ´ɔːməluw
ornate, ɔ´neit
osier, ´ouʒə
oust, ´aust
pageant, ´peidʒənt, ´pædʒənt
palaver, pə´lɑːvə
palfrey, ´pɔːlfri (´pælfri)
panacea, pænə´siːə
panegyric, pæni´dʒirik
pan(n)ier, ´pænjə
papyrus, pə´pairəs
paradigm, ´pærədaim
paraffine, ´pærəfin
pariah, ´pɛːrjə
parochial, pə´roukjəl
parvenu, ´pɑːvənju
pastel, pæ´stel, ´pæstəl
pastille, pæ´stijl, ´pæstil
patent, ´peitənt (´pætənt)
pathos, ´peiθɔs
patois, ´pætwɑː
patrimony, ´pætriməni
patron, ´peitrən
patronage, ´pætrənidʒ, ´peitrənidʒ
patronize, ´pætrənaiz, ´peitrənaiz
peccavi, pe´keivai
pedagogue, ´pedəgɔg
pedagogy, ´pedəgɔdʒi, -gi
perquisite, ´pəːkwizit
petard, pi´tɑːd
phaeton, ´feitən
phalanx, ´feilæŋks, ´fælæŋks
phlegmatic, fleg´mætik
piazza, pi´ætsə
piquant, ´pijkənt
pique, ´pijk
piteous, ´pitjəs (´pitʃəs)
placard, ´plækɑːd
plaid, ´plæd, ´pleid
plait, ´plæt
plebiscite, ´plebisait
plenary, ´plijnəri
plenteous, ´plentjəs (´plentʃəs)
plethora, ´pleθərə
plethoric, ´pleθərik
plover, ´plʌvə
poignant, ´pɔinjənt
poignard, ´pɔnjəd
pomade, po´meid, po´mɑːd
pommel, ´pʌməl
pongee, ´pɔndʒi
porpoise, ´pɔːpəs
posthumous, ´pɔstjuməs
potsherd, ´pɔtʃəːd
precedence, pri´sijdəns
precedent, ´presidənt
predatory, ´predətri
prelate, ´prelət
prelude, ´preljuwd
premature, ´premətjuə, ´prijmətjuə
premier, ´prijmjə (´premjə)
premise (subst.), ´premis
premise (verb), pri´maiz
presage, ´presidʒ
prescience, ´preʃəns, -si-
prestige, pre´stijʒ
primer, ´primə, ´praimə
pristine, ´pristain, ´pristin
privacy, ´praivəsi, ´privəsi
profligacy, ´prɔfligəsi
prophecy, ´prɔfisi
prophesy, ´prɔfisai
puisne, ´pjuwni
puissant, ´pwijsənt
pumice, ´pʌmis
purloin, pəː´lɔin
purport, ´pəːpət
quagmire, ´kwægmaiə
quandary, ´kwɔndəri, -´dɛːri
quarantine, ´kwɔrəntijn
quay, ´kij
queue, ´kjuw
quiescent, kwai´esənt
quinine, kwi´nijn
quoif, ´kɔif
quoit, ´kɔit
quoth, ´kwouθ
ragged, ´rægid
ranch(e), ´rɑːn(t)ʃ
rancour, ´ræŋkə
rapier, ´reipiːə
rapine, ´ræpin, ´ræpain
rase, ´reiz
rations (army), ´ræʃnz
recluse, ri´kluws
recondite, ´rekəndait
reconnaissance, ri´kɔnəsəns
reconnoitre, rekə´nɔitə
redolent, ´redələnt
regicide, ´redʒisaid
regime, re´ʒijm
reindeer, ´reindiə
remonstrate, ri´mɔnstreit
renaissance, ri´neisəns
rendezvous, ´rɔndivuw
repertoire, ´repəːtwɑː
replica, ´replikə
requiem, ´rekwiəm
reredos, riːədɔs
reservoir, ´rezəvwɑː
resin, ´rezən, ´rɔzən
resonance, ´rezənəns
respite, ´respit
restaurant, ´restorɔŋ
reveille, ri´væli
reverie, ´revəri
rhetoric, ´retərik
rheum, ´ruwm
rhythm, ´riðm
rhythmical, ´riθmikəl
ribald, ´ribəld, ´ribɔːld
rouge, ´ruwʒ
routine, ru´tijn
rowlock, ´rʌlək
ruse, ´ruwz