224 M. STEAMBOATS (agents at Constantinople, see pp. 538, 539; at
Constantza, see p. 563). =1.= _Royal Rumanian State Maritime Service_
(Serviciul Maritim Român; in correspondence with the North German
Lloyd; comp. R. 76), from Constantinople on Tues. and Sat. aft. in 14
hrs. (from Constantza on Sun. and Thurs. night in 12 hrs.; comp. p.
563); fare 55 or 35 fr.—=2.= _Austrian Lloyd_ (for Odessa and
Nikolayev) from Constantinople every other Sat. aft. viâ Burgas (from
Constantza on Thurs. night viâ Varna), in about 1½ days (fare 51 fr.,
20 fr.; in the reverse direction 44 fr., 20 fr.); also by Line Braila
B, from Constantinople every other Frid. aft. viâ Varna, in 2 days
(from Constantza direct to Constantinople Wed. aft., in 19 hrs.); fare
58 (back, 46) or 25 fr. (without food in 2nd cabin).—=3.= _Società
Nazionale_, Line XIII (for Braila), from Constantinople Sun. aft.
(from Constantza Mon. aft.), in 17 hrs. (fare 40 or 28 fr.).
For _Constantinople_ and the voyage through the _Bosporus_, see p. 536
and pp. 557–560.
The Rumanian and Italian vessels pursue a N. course through the _Black
Sea_, long affording fine retrospects of the precipitous shores of
Anatolia and the fissured promontories of the Rumelian coast.
Steering to the N.W. the Odessa steamer of the Austrian Lloyd reaches
the open sea off _Rumelí Fanar_ (p. 560). It again, however, approaches
the Rumelian coast abreast of _Cape Iniada_ (Turk. _Kuru Burnu_), the
_Thynias Promontorium_ of the ancients.
Beyond the far-projecting _Cape Kuratan_ or _Zeitün Burnu_ (lights),
belonging to _S. Bulgaria_ (formerly _E. Rumelia_), opens the wide _Gulf
of Burgas_. We pass the peninsula of _Sozopolis_ and the lighthouses of
the islands of _Megalo Nisi_ and _Anastasia_, and enter the _Bay of
Burgas_, which runs deeply into the land from the middle of the gulf.
=Burgas= (Hôt. Commercial, etc.), the modern Greek _Pyrgos_, is the
chief harbour of S. Bulgaria (11,700 inhab.) and lies at the head of the
bay between large lagoons. The harbour is tolerably sheltered from the
E. wind by two moles. The chief exports are grain and attar of roses.
In continuing our voyage we pass the peninsula of _Mesembriya_ (the
ancient _Mesembria_) and _Cape Emine_ (lighthouse), the N. horn of the
Bay of Burgas, forming a spur of the well-wooded _Little Balkan Range_,
the old frontier between E. Rumelia and Bulgaria.
On the N. margin of the Balkan Mts. lies =Varna=, the ancient _Odessos_,
now the chief seaport of Bulgaria (pop. 35,000), where some of the
Austrian Lloyd steamers call. The entrance to the bay of Varna, open
towards the E., is bounded on the S. by _Cape Galata_ (_Galata Burnu_;
lighthouse) and on the N. by _Cape St. George_. The anchorage, between
two long moles, is similar to that of Burgas. The _Devna Canal_ connects
the bay with _Lake Devna_.
Farther on the steamer rounds _Cape Kaliakra_ (Turk. _Chiliga Burnu_;
lighthouse), jutting far to the S., and rejoins the course of the direct
steamer from the Bosporus to Constantza. Next comes _Cape Shabla_
(lights), 10–12 M. to the N. of which lies the village of _Ilanjik_, on
the border between Bulgaria and the Rumanian _Dobruja_. At night the
position of the flat coast is revealed by the lights of the small port
of _Mangalia_ and of _Cape Tusla_, stretching in front of the lagoon of
Mangalia.
After a short halt in the open roads all the steamers pass through the
entrance to the harbour of _Constantza_ and moor alongside the quays of
the E. mole. The landing-place of the Rumanian mail-steamers (see below)
is close to the harbour-station.
=Constantza.=—HOTELS (crowded in the latter half of Aug. and in
Sept.). _Hôt. Carol I._, at the E. end of the headland, of the first
class, with garden, R. 6–10, B. 1½, déj. 4, D. 5 fr. (_lei_);
_Regina_, _Raynier_, etc.
POST & TELEGRAPH OFFICE, to the E. of the chief railway-station;
branch-office at the harbour.—CAB 2 lei.
STEAMBOAT AGENCIES. _Rumanian State Maritime Service_ (see below), at
the landing-stage; _Austrian Lloyd_, H. Rappaport; _Società
Nazionale_, E. Tozzi.
BRITISH VICE-CONSUL, _Lionel E. Keyser_.—LLOYD’S AGENTS, _Watson &
Youell_.
_Constantza_ (Ruman. _Constanţa_, Turk. _Küstenjeh_), a seaport with
17,000 inhab. and in summer a popular Rumanian seaside-resort (see
below), lies on a small tongue of land rising boldly from the sea and
enclosing with the E. mole (1500 yds.) a sickle-shaped harbour. The
latter, which is always free from ice, is not yet quite complete. Beside
the S. mole is the so-called petroleum-harbour. Petroleum, agricultural
produce, and timber are the chief exports.
From the harbour-station the chief promenade of the town leads past the
_Cathedral_ (left) and the new _Municipal Casino_ (right) to the
_Lighthouse_ at the E. end of the promontory. In the Piaţa Independenţei
(Independence Square), at the narrowest part of the peninsula, rises a
monument to _Ovid_, who died in exile at the neighbouring _Tomi_
(afterwards _Constantiana_) in 17 A.D.
In summer there is a train-service to (½ hr.) _Mamaia_, with a large
bathing-establishment.
The sailings (Sun. & Thurs.) and arrivals (Sun. & Wed.) of the
Rumanian mail-boats are in connection with the arrivals and departures
(at and from the harbour-station) of the Ostende-Vienna Express, the
Berlin Rapide, and the Bukarest Express.