545 M. STEAMERS (agents at the Piræus, see pp. 494, 495; at Smyrna, p.
531; at Constantinople, pp. 538, 539). =1.= _North German Lloyd_
(comp. RR. 23, 24, 77), Mediterranean & Levant Service, in either
direction every other Thurs.; from the Piræus to Smyrna in 1, to
Constantinople in 2–2½ days (fare to Smyrna 40 or 28, to
Constantinople 72 or 48 marks).—=2.= _Messageries Maritimes_ (comp.
RR. 23, 77), N. Mediterranean service, from the Piræus every other
Mon. (from Constantinople Thurs.), to Smyrna in 1, to Constantinople
in 2 days (fare 90 or 60 fr.); also the Marseilles, Constantinople,
and Batum line, from the Piræus Thurs. (from Constantinople Tues.), to
Smyrna in 1, to Constantinople in 3 days (fare 80 or 40 fr.).—=3.=
_Khedivial Mail Steamship Co._ (comp. R. 76), from the Piræus Frid.
(from Constantinople Tues.) aft., to Smyrna in 18 hrs., to
Constantinople in 2 days (fare 52 or 39, and 91 or 61 fr.).—=4.=
_Austrian Lloyd_ (comp. R. 78), Greek-Oriental Line, from the Piræus
Frid. even, (from Constantinople Mon.), to Smyrna in 2, to
Constantinople in 5 days (fares 54 or 38, and 132 or 93 fr.).
Line XI of the Società Nazionale (pp. 493, 563) touches at Smyrna on
the outward voyage only (Piræus to Constantinople 3½ days).
TO CONSTANTINOPLE DIRECT. =1.= _Rumanian Mail Line_, from the Piræus
Sun. aft., in 24 hrs. (returning from Constantinople Frid. aft. in 23
hrs.).—=2.= _Società Nazionale_, Line XII, from the Piræus Thurs.
night, in 32 hrs. (returning from Constantinople Wed. foren., in 31
hrs.); fares 101 fr. 30, 70 fr. 70 c.—=3.= _Austrian Lloyd_, fast
steamers between Trieste and Constantinople, from the Piræus Sat.
aft., in 35 hrs. (from Constantinople Sat. foren., in 29 hrs.); fare
90 or 60 fr.
_Athens_ and the _Piraeus_, see pp. 502, 494. We first steer to the S.E.
across the _Bay of Ægina_ (p. 494), past the three pinnacles of _Cape
Zostēr_, the southmost spur of Hymettos, and near the islets of _Phleva_
(ancient _Phabra_; lighthouse) and _Gaïdaronisi_.
Beyond _Cape Colonna_ or _Kolonnaes_ (ancient _Sunion_), on which the
columns of the temple of Poseidon are conspicuous, opens the _Strait of
Kea_, between (left and right) the lonely _Makronisi_ (922 ft.; ‘long
island’; ancient _Helena_) and the fertile island of _Kea_ (1863 ft.;
formerly _Keos_), with its lighthouse on the headland of _Hagios
Nikolaos_. On the left are the _Petali Islands_ (_Petaliae Insulae_) in
the bay of that name, and _Hagios Elias_ (5264 ft.), the S. point of
_Euboea_.
We next steer through the _Straits of Doro_ (7½ M. in width; Ital.
_Canal d’Oro_), where a strong N.E. current prevails and storms are
frequently encountered. They lie between Eubœa and _Andros_ (3199 ft.;
156 sq. M.), the largest of the Cyclades (p. 492), with the lighthouse
on _Cape Fassa_. Beyond them we are in the open sea.
Halfway between Andros and Chios (p. 492) are the _Kalogeros Cliffs_,
belonging to Greece. Most of the vessels leave them to the right and
steer to the E.N.E. to the passage between the rocky island of _Psara_
(ancient _Psyra_; notable for the revolt of the modern Greeks against
the Turks) and _Chios_, with the bold and conspicuous _Mt. Hagios Elias_
(4134 ft.; _Pelinnaeon_) at its N. end. To the N. appears the S. coast
of _Mytilini_ (p. 533).
Beyond the N. end of the _Straits of Chios_ (p. 492) the Levant steamers
(RR. 75, 76) round the steep limestone rocks of the Anatolian peninsula
of _Kara Burun_, with the _Boz Dagh_ (3920 ft.; ancient _Mimas_), and
come in sight of the *=Gulf of Smyrna=, the ancient _Sinus Hermaeus_,
which runs 34 M. inland. The entrance between (right and left) the
headlands _Kinlu Burun_ and _Arslan Burun_ (Greek _Cape Hydra_) is 15 M.
broad.
On the left, to the S. of Arslan Burun, near the islets of _Drepanon_
and _Oglak_ (lighthouse), lies the little bay of _Phokia_ (Turk.
_Foja_). This was the ancient _Phocaea_, the northmost Ionian town,
whose bold mariners first opened up the W. Mediterranean to the Greeks
(comp. p. 121). Farther to the S., beyond _Cape Myrminghi_ (lighthouse),
is the new estuary of the _Gedis Chai_ (_Hermos_), flanked with swampy
alluvial soil and salt-works.
After rounding the island of _Kiösteni_ (Gr. _Makronisi_), which lies in
front of the E. slope of the Boz Dagh (see above) and masks the _Bay of
Gülbagcheh_, we sight to the S., beyond the _Marathusa Islands_, the
houses of _Hagios Joannes_ (quarantine station), on an islet in the _Bay
of Vurlá_. Here once lay the Ionian town of _Klazomenae_. The plain of
Vurlá is famed for its wine and ‘Smyrna figs’.
Opposite the hills of the ‘_Two Brothers_’ (_Dyo Adelphia_, Turk. _Iki
Kardash_; 3252 ft.) we pass the narrow old channel of the Gedis Chai
(lighthouse). On a peninsula on the right lies the Turkish _Fort Sanjak
Kalesí_; farther on is the suburb of _Göz Tepeh_ (p. 532). To the N.E.
the imposing _Yamanlar Dagh_ (p. 533) and the lofty _Manissa Dagh_ (5905
ft.; ancient _Sipylos_) beyond it become more conspicuous. To the S. of
the latter is a depression, beyond which rises the _Takhtaly_ or _Nif
Dagh_. Beside the sea rises the _Pagos_ (p. 532) with its old walls and
many cypresses. On its slopes, far to the S.W. and N.E., extends
_Smyrna_.
* * * * *
=Smyrna.=—ARRIVAL. As soon as permission to land is obtained the
hotel-agents, guides, and boatmen come on board. Landing or
embarkation, with baggage 1½ fr., but 2–3 fr. when the steamer anchors
in the outer roads. As to the examination at the Custom House (Pl. B,
3), comp. p. 537. The porter (hamál) expects a few silver piastres.
HOTELS. *_Gr.-Hôt. Kraemer Palace_ (Pl. c; B, 3), Passage Kræmer (p.
532), with American bar, etc., R. 6–20, B. 1½, déj. 4, D. 5, pens.
12–25 fr.; *_Gr.-Hôt. Huck_ (Pl. a; B, 4), on the quay, nearly
opposite the Douane, pens. 10–25 fr.; _Hôt. de la Ville_ (Pl. b; B, 3;
Ital. host), on the quay, pens. 10–12, D. 3 fr. (in the season,
March-May, rather dearer).
CAFÉS (all on the quay). _Kraemer_, see above (also restaurant, beer,
etc.); _Klonaridis_, in the Hôt. de la Ville; _Café Costi_, _Café High
Life_, both Quai Anglais, etc.
POST OFFICES. _British_ (Pl. 9; C, 4); _French_ (Pl. 8; B, 4);
etc.—TELEGRAPH OFFICES. _Turkish_ and _Eastern Telegraph Co._, on the
quay, adjoining the Douane (1st floor).
[Illustration: SMYRNE]
[Illustration: SMYRNE]
CABS at the hotels and railway-stations (bargain necessary). Drivers
often ignorant and exorbitant. Drive 1 fr. to ½ mejidieh, hr. 1 mej.;
½ day about 2 mej.—HORSES in the Place Fassulah (Pl. C, 3), about 2
mej. per day.
TRAMWAY from _Konak_ (Pl. A, 6) along the quay to _Punta Station_
(_Gare de la Pointe_; Pl. E, 2), 7 metalliks; from Konak to _Göz
Tepeh_ (p. 532), 4 metalliks.
LOCAL STEAMERS to Kordelio, Göz Tepeh, etc.
STEAMBOAT AGENTS (offices all on the quay). _North German Lloyd_, Van
der Zee (also for German Levant Line); _Austrian Lloyd_, Pussich;
_Khedivial Mail_, Cohen; _Messageries Maritimes_, D. G. Alevra;
_Società Nazionale_, Fratelli Missir; _German Levant Line_, Milberg;
_Russian Steam Navigation & Trading Co._, Bégléry.
BANKS. _Banque Ottomane_ (Pl. B, 4); _Crédit Lyonnais_, Rue Franque
(p. 532); _Banque de Salonique_ and _Banque d’Athènes_.—MONEY CHANGERS
in front of the Hôt. Huck and the Hœnischer Passage (Pl. B, 3, 4); a
charge of 2–5 metalliks is made, according to amount. Perforated coins
should be rejected.
CONSULATES. British: consul-general, _H. D. Barnham_; vice-consul, _C.
E. Heathcote Smith_.—United States (Pl. 3; C, 3): consul-general, _E.
L. Harris_; vice-consul, _E. A. Magnifico_.
ENGLISH CHURCH (Pl. E, 2), near Gare de la Pointe.
_Smyrna_, Turk. _Izmir_, the seat of the vali or governor of the Turkish
province of _Aidin_, lies in 38° 26′ N. lat. and 27° 9′ E. long., in a
bay between Sanjak Kalesí (p. 530) and the _Punta_ (La Pointe; Pl. D, E,
1). As all the older harbours on the W. coast of Asia Minor have been
choked by alluvial deposits, Smyrna has developed into the chief seaport
of Anatolia and the largest city in Turkish Asia after Damascus.
Population, excl. suburbs, about 200,000, incl. over 100,000 Greeks,
60,000 Turks, 20,000 Jews (p. 542), 12,000 Armenians, and 15,000
Europeans and Levantines. The chief languages are Greek, French, and
Italian.
Smyrna was founded in the 11th cent. B.C. on the N. side of the bay of
Burnabad (p. 533), about 2 M. to the N. of the present city. The
Ionians of Colophon (p. 491) captured it for the sake of its trade in
the 7th cent. and added it to their league of twelve cities. About 575
B.C. it was taken by the Lydian king _Alyattes_, who destroyed it and
settled its inhabitants in villages. A new Smyrna, as planned by
Alexander the Great, was founded later on the Pagos (p. 532) by the
diadochi _Antigonos_ and _Lysimachos_, and soon developed into one of
the finest towns in Asia Minor. After the havoc wrought by terrible
earthquakes in 178 and 180 A.D. the emperor _Marcus Aurelius_ caused
it to be rebuilt. For a time it was wrested from the Byzantine
emperors by Turkish pirates (1084) and the Seljuks (p. 542). During
the Latin domination in Constantinople (p. 542) Smyrna remained under
the sceptre of the Greek emperor at Nikæa. In 1344 the Genoese and the
Knights of St. John took the city under their protection, but in 1402
they were unable to save it from the ravages committed by Timur (p.
485), nor could they in 1424 prevent its capture by the Osmans. This
‘eye of Asia Minor’, as the Turks have called Smyrna, has risen to
wonderful prosperity of late years.
The quays were built in 1868–80 and at the same time the HARBOUR, of 50
acres only, was protected by a breakwater 1400 yds. long and 19 yds. in
breadth. The entrance is between the N.E. end of this breakwater and the
N. pier (Pl. B, 3, 4) near the passport-office, passengers’
custom-house, and telegraph office. The local steamers (p. 531) are
berthed between the N. and the S. mole (Pl. A, 4, 5; chief
custom-house).
The great business thoroughfare is the QUAY STREET (Greek _Prokymaea_,
Ital. _Marina_), over 2 M. long, skirting the Frank quarter (see below).
In the S. part of this street, among the motley throng of sailors,
dock-labourers, and traders of every nation, are often seen picturesque
trains of camels, headed in some cases by a donkey. The N. part of the
quay, with its theatres, cafés, and many handsome dwelling-houses, is of
an entirely different character.
From the quay several alleys, the Kræmer Passage, the Hœnischer Passage
(Pl. B, 3, 4), and others, and the busy street Galatzo Sokak (Pl. B, C,
3) lead to the _Frank Quarter_. The main streets here, running parallel
with the quay, are the so-called Parallel St., the Quai Anglais (Turk.
Eski Balik Basar; Pl. B, C, 3, 4), the Maltese quarter, and above all
the FRANKS’ STREET, in sections bearing different names (Rue des
Verreries, Rue Franque, Rue Trassa, etc.), and lined with many European
and other shops.
To the E. of Rue Franque, passing the Rom. Cath. cathedral of _St. Jean_
(Pl. C, 4), we come to the _Greek Quarter_, to which the lively streets
Bella Vista (Pl. D, 2) and Oroman Sokak (Pl. D, 2, 3) also lead. The
Greek Cath. cathedral of _Hagia Photinē_ or _Aï Fotini_ (Pl. B, 4) lies
near the S.W. end of the Franks’ Street.
A little beyond Aï Fotini the street ends at the *BAZAAR (Pl. B, 5; open
till sunset), which vies in its picturesque variety with the Great
Bazaar of Constantinople. Smyrna carpets, mostly from the interior, old
embroidery, and modern silks may be bought here at reasonable prices.
The so-called antiquities, however, are generally spurious. The bazaar
is within the _Turkish Quarter_, on the site of ancient Smyrna, with its
quiet streets ascending the Pagos (see below), and extending to the S.W.
to the _Moslem_ and the old _Jewish Cemeteries_. Near these, but
difficult to find, are traces of the temples of _Asklepios_ and _Vesta_
(Pl. A, 7). Within the Turkish quarter lies the very unsavoury _Jewish
Quarter_ (Pl. B, C, 5, 6).
From the church of Aï Fotini we may walk through the _Armenian Quarter_,
past the Armenian cathedral of _St. Etienne_ (Pl. C, 5) and the Basma
Khâné Station (Pl. D, 5), to the _Caravan Bridge_ (Pl. E, 5), which the
busy traffic with the interior crosses.
From the Moslem cemeteries (Pl. A, B, 7) mentioned above, or from the
Caravan Bridge, we ascend in ½ hr. to the top of the *PAGOS (525 ft.),
which affords a superb view of the city, the bay, and the hills around.
The extensive outer wall of the old _Castle_, dating from the Byzantine
and Genoese periods, consists partly of the substructures and masonry of
the Acropolis of king Lysimachos (p. 531). Of the _Roman Theatre_ (Pl.
C, D, 6, 7) and the _Stadion_ (Pl. B, C, 7; p. 509) on the hill-side
hardly a trace is left.
*EXCURSIONS. To _Göz Tepeh_ (p. 530) by tramway or by local steamer
(p. 531).—By local steamer or by railway (from the Basma Khâné Stat.,
see p. 532) to _Kordelio_ (cafés; sea-baths), a little town prettily
situated among gardens on the N. bank of the bay. From the steamer, to
the E. of the Punta (p. 531), we see the _Bay of Burnabad_ and the
plain of that name, beyond which, on the _Yamanlar Dagh_ (3202 ft.),
is the site of _Ancient Smyrna_ (p. 531).
* * * * *
Leaving Smyrna the STEAMER passes the Kara Burun (p. 530) and usually
steers to the W.N.W. out to sea. Astern we obtain a fine view of Chios.
We soon skirt the beautiful S. coast of =Mytilini= or _Mitylene_ (3084
ft.; ancient _Lesbos_; 673 sq. M.), the largest island in the Ægean Sea,
and pass the narrow entrance of the far-penetrating _Bay of Kalloni_.
Beyond _Cape Sigri_ (_Sigrium Promontorium_) and the islet of
_Megalonisi_ (lighthouse) we sight the distant coast of Troas (see
below).
Some of the vessels, beyond Arslan Burun (p. 530), steer to the N.,
close to the Anatolian coast, and past the finely varied scenery, of the
_Bay of Chandarli_, the ancient _Sinus Elaeates_. On the N. bank of that
bay, to the W. of the estuary of the _Bakyr Chai_ (once _Kaïkos_), rises
the _Kara Dagh_ (2559 ft.; _Cane Mons_).
Beyond _Cape Maltepe_, a spur of Kara Dagh, and the _Hagios Georgios
Islands_ opens the _Strait of Mytilini_, 9 M. wide, lying between the
island and the coast of ancient _Mysia_. On the right, far inland from
_Kabakum Bay_, we sight the hills near _Bergama_, the famous _Pergamum_
of the Greeks. On the hill-side to the left, beyond _Cape Malea_, the
S.E. point of the island, lies _Mytilini_ or _Kastro_ (Turk. _Midüllü_),
its capital, with a Genoese castle.
At the N. end of the strait, beyond the entrance to the harbour of
_Aivaly_ (Gr. _Kydonia_), and the _Moshonisia Islands_ (_Hekatonesoi_),
opens to the N.E. the broad _Bay of Edremid_ (_Adramyti_), on which
rises _Kaz Dagh_ (5807 ft.), the ancient _Ida_. We next steer to the W.
through the _Muselim Sound_, between the N. coast of Mytilini and the S.
coast of _Troas_ or the _Troad_, where once rose the loftily situated
stronghold of _Assos_.
After passing cape _Baba Burnu_ (_Lectum Promontorium_), the S.W. point
of Troas, we follow the course of the direct steamers from Smyrna, past
_Cape Eski Stambul_ (‘Old Stambul’), the site of _Alexandreia Troas_, a
town of the Diadochi, and through the _Strait of Tenedos_ (3 M. broad).
The island of _Tenedos_, famed in the Trojan wars, now abounding in
windmills, rises in a trachytic double peak to a height of 627 ft.
At the N. end of the strait lies the islet of _Gaïdaronisi_
(lighthouse). Far away to the W., in clear weather, we descry the island
of _Limnos_ (ancient _Lemnos_); to the N.W., beyond _Imbros_, towers the
mountain-mass of _Samothrake_ (5250 ft.).
Beyond _Besika Bay_, in front of which lie the volcanic islands of
_Tavshan Adalar_ (‘rabbit-islands’; once _Kalydnae_ or _Lagussae_), we
pass the hills bordering the W. side of the plain of _Troy_, the
legendary scene of the Homeric battles. Between _Hagios Dimitrios Tepeh_
(hill of St. Demetrius) and the Greek village of _Yenishehr_ is the site
of _Sigeum_ or _Sigeion_. Near it the tumuli of ‘Achilles and Patroklos’
were the burial-places of that Athenian colony.
We now near the strongly fortified =Dardanelles= (p. xxxiv), the ancient
_Hellespont_, now named after the ancient town of Dardanos (see below).
The straits connect the Ægean Sea with the Sea of Marmora, a distance of
37½ M., and average ¾–4¾ M. in breadth, and 160–295 ft. in depth. They
intersect a tableland, 820–925 ft. in height, of tertiary formation
(yellow marl and marl-limestone of the upper miocene). The surface
current (p. 557), sometimes setting as in the Bosporus at the rate of 5
M. an hour, causes serious difficulty to sailing-vessels, especially if
wind and tide are both against them.
At the S.W. entrance to the Dardanelles, scarcely 2½ M. broad, lies a
village on the Asiatic side with the ruined fortress of _Kum Kaleh_
(light); opposite, on the _Peninsula of Gallipoli_, the ancient
_Thracian Chersonesus_, is the fort of _Sidd el-Bahr Kalesí_.
Beyond Kum Kaleh we sight to the S., rising above the marshy plain of
the _Mendere Chai_ (_Skamander_), the low hill which was once the site
of _Troy_ (near _Hissarlik_), with the débris of the excavations. On the
shore, to the W. of the mouth of the stream, lay the landing-place of
the Greeks.
Passing the site of _Dardanos_ (on the right) we soon reach the
narrowest part of the straits (about 1475 yds.), commanded by the
_Dardanelles Castles_ built by Mohammed II. in 1470, with their new
earthworks. On the European side is the picturesque _Kilid Bahr_ (‘key
of the sea’); on the Asiatic side is _Kaleh Sultanieh_ or _Boghaz
Hissar_, at the mouth of the _Koja Chai_ (_Rhodios_). Under the
protection of the latter lies the town of _Chanak Kalesí_ (‘castle of
pots’), usually called =Dardanelles= (pop. 16,700). While the steamer
stops for way-leave the potters of the place offer their curiously
shaped and painted vases for sale.
At the second-narrowest part of the straits (1585 yds.), where they bend
to the N.E., once lay the towns of _Sestos_ (left) and _Abydos_ (right),
now fort _Nagara Kalesí_ (quarantine station; lighthouse). This was the
traditional scene of the romance of Hero and Leander; it was here that
Lord Byron swam across in 1810. Xerxes crossed the straits here in 480
B.C., Alexander the Great in 334 B.C., and the Turks in 1357.—On the
coast, to the left, is the small plain of _Ægospotamoi_ (now _Karakova
Dereh_), off which the Spartans won a decisive victory over the
Athenians in 405.
Near the N.E. end of the Dardanelles, on the right, lies the village of
_Lampsaki_ (_Lampsakos_) amid olive-groves and vineyards. To the left,
on the steep projecting coast, is superbly situated the decayed town of
_Gallipoli_ (_Kallipolis_, ‘beautiful town’), the first European town
captured in 1357 by Suleiman, son of Orkhân (p. 542).
The Dardanelles expand into the =Sea of Marmora= (p. xxxiv), the ancient
_Propontis_, a basin of comparatively recent origin (extreme depth 4450
ft.), which like the Ægean Sea has been formed by the subsidence of
large portions of the earth’s surface. On the Asiatic side, beyond _Kara
Burun_ (381 ft.), lies the _Bay of Artaki_, on the N. margin of the
ancient Troas. Adjoining the bay is the plain of the _Biga Sher Chai_,
the ancient _Granikos_, where in 334 Alexander the Great won his first
victory over the Persians.
On the coast of ancient _Phrygia_ rises the peninsula of _Kapu Dagh_
(2625 ft.; once _Arktonnesos_ island), flanked by the _Pasha Liman_
islands and _Marmora_ or _Marmara_ (2326 ft.), where white marble for
Constantinople has been quarried since ancient times.
On the N. coast soon appear the villages of _Sharkiöi_ (once
_Peristasis_) and _Hiraklitsa_ (_Heraklea_); then the town of _Rodosto_
(Turk. _Tekirdagh_), and farther on, _Eregli_, the ancient _Perinthos_.
To the S. we sight the islet of _Kalolimni_ (689 ft.; _Besbikos_); far
beyond it are the _Gulf of Mudania_ (or _Gemlek_) and the town of
_Brussa_, at the foot of the Bithynian _Olympos_ (8200 ft.), which is
generally capped with snow.
Off the beautiful _Gulf of Ismid_ (_Nikomedeia_), to the N.E., lie the
=Princes Islands= (_Iles des Princes_; comp. Map, p. 557), the ancient
_Demonnesoi_ (Turk. _Kizil Adalar_, ‘red islands’, so called from the
colour of their ferruginous rocks).
=Prinkipo=, the ancient _Pityusa_ (‘rich in pines’), the largest and
most populous of these islands, attracts many excursionists from
Constantinople in fine weather (local steamers, see p. 538). On the N.
side of the island lies its capital, _Prinkipo_ (Hôt. Giacomo, déj. 5,
D. 6 fr.; Hôt. Impérial, and others). Pleasant drive thence (2½ hrs.
there and back; 1–2 mejidiehs; or ride, ½–1 mej.) to the highest hill
on the S. side of the island, crowned with the old _Monastery of St.
George_ (656 ft.; *View).
On its way from Constantinople to Prinkipo the steamer first touches
at _Proti_ (377 ft.). To the right we see the small island of _Oxia_,
the most westerly of the group, to which in 1910 the famous
street-dogs of Constantinople were transported, and _Plati_ (‘the
flat’), also called ‘Bulwer’s Island’ after an English Ambassador who
here built two now ruined castles (19th cent.) in the style of
Windsor. The steamer calls also at _Antigoni_ (542 ft.), and _Chalki_
(446 ft.; ‘ore-island’), with a Greek commercial school and a seminary
for priests.
On the flat European shore, beyond the village of _Küchük Chekmekjeh_ on
the lagoon of that name, we sight the Russian war-monument with its
gleaming tower, a landmark of Constantinople, rising above the cape of
_San Stefano_ (lighthouse). A little later appears _Stambul_. Next,
beyond the lighthouse (Phare), is seen the white mosque of Ahmed and the
yellow Aya Sophia.
On the Asiatic coast, on the promontory which runs out into the
beautiful _Bay of Moda_, there is situated, in the ancient _Bithynia_,
_Fanar Burnu_ or _Fener Bagcheh_ (lighthouse). Beyond, it is _Kadikiöi_
(Kadi Keuï), a modern suburb of Constantinople, on the site of
_Kalchedon_ or _Chalcedon_. Farther on are the little harbour of _Haidar
Pasha_ (p. 557), the station of the Anatolian railway, and, at the S.
end of _Scutari_ (p. 556), the military school of medicine, the large
Selimieh Barracks, and the Selimieh Mosque.
The steamer now rounds the Seraglio Point and enters the _Bosporus_ (p.
557); it passes the Golden Horn, the harbour of Constantinople, and the
New Bridge, and casts anchor at the Galata Quay below Pera. Landing, see
below.
The DIRECT STEAMERS from Athens to Constantinople steer from the
_Straits of Doro_ (p. 529) to the N.N.E. for Tenedos (p. 533). In
clear weather we descry to the right the distant _Chios_ (p. 492) and
_Psara_ (p. 529), and to the left _Skyros_ (2608 ft.), the S.E. island
of the _N. Sporades_. On the right we next sight _Mytilini_ (p. 533),
and on the left _Hagiostrati_ (971 ft.; _Halonnesos_). From _Tenedos_
to _Constantinople_, see p. 533.