3.{56-3} =Había que ver=, _you ought to have seen_.
=Page 58.=--1.{58-1} =á la ... patas=, _the bark had grown feet_.
2.{58-2} =burro de gitano=; the hair on the back and sides of these
donkeys is usually cut close, so as not to show the worn places
distinctly.
=Page 59.=--1.{59-1} =que=; omit in translating.
=Page 60.=--1.{60-1} =lo sacarán ... patrón=, _it will be sold at
auction, and the captain will get it_.
2.{60-2} =Á cada ... suyo=, (lit., _to every one whatever may be his
own_) _let every one have whatever is his by right_.
=Page 61.=--1.{61-1} For the life and works of Pérez Galdós, see pages
xiii-xiv of the _Introduction_. The text of _La mula y el buey_ is taken
from _Torquemada en la hoguera, etc., por B. Pérez Galdós, Madrid,
1898_.
2.{61-2} =se fué poniendo=; cf. page 6, note 2. Note also that =se=
precedes =fué=. One might also say _fué poniéndose_.
=Page 62.=--1.{62-1} _angelitos al cielo_; since the souls of little
children go directly to heaven.
=Page 63.=--1.{63-1} =les= = _los_ (direct object), as often in the
writings of Pérez Galdós. See also =castigarles=, page 23, line 8.
2.{63-2} =Cómo había de=, _how could_.
=Page 64.=--1.{64-1} =si se quiere=, _if you wish_.
2.{64-2} =éralo=;--=lo= = =aflictiva=.
=Page 65.=--1.{65-1} =del mucho comer=; cf. page 24, note 3.
2.{65-2} =Delirando ... fiebre=, _when she was delirious under the
torture of a high fever_ (lit., _raving, when the fever put her in its
furnace of torture_).
3.{65-3} =almendras=; note how conspicuous the almond is at
Christmas-tide in Spain.
=Page 66.=--1.{66-1} =quien=; this use of _quien_ with an antecedent
that is plural and does not denote persons is now archaic.
2.{66-2} =se hizo acompañar de=, _he brought with him_.
3.{66-3} =Rey Mago negro=; according to an old tradition, one of the
Three Wise Men, who followed the star to the birthplace of the infant
Jesus, was a negro. This is well illustrated in the painting, _The
Worshiping Wise Men_, by the Spanish painter, Fray Juan Bautista Maino.
4.{66-4} =Por traer=, _for the sake of bringing things_.
5.{66-5} =Conocedora Celinina= (an absolute construction), _as Celinina
was a judge_.
=Page 67.=--1.{67-1} =Santa Cruz=; see Vocab.
2.{67-2} =lotería=, probably the government lottery from the profits of
which the government receives a considerable sum. There is usually a
large prize, sometimes of a million _pesetas_, at Christmas.
=Page 68.=--1.{68-1} =que aun ... esperanza=, _which still continued to
exist in her hope_.
=Page 69.=--1.{69-1} =la que= = _la niña que_.
=Page 70.=--1.{70-1} =que era dado imaginar=, _that could be imagined_.
2.{70-2} =tocó el pecho con la barba=, _began to nod_.
=Page 71.=--1.{71-1} =debía ... gloria=, _must have savored of heavenly
bliss_.
=Page 72.=--1.{72-1} =haya=; note the omission of _que_ before =haya=,
to avoid repetition.
2.{72-2} =parece ... adelante=, _seems to run out across the table_.
=Page 73.=--1.{73-1} =Perico el ciego=; blind beggars are numerous in
Spain, and they are in evidence especially during holidays.
2.{73-2} The =barrio Salamanca= is a new and fashionable quarter of
Madrid.
3.{73-3} =lo=; cf. page 5, note 2.
4.{73-4} =le=; cf. page 33, note 6.
=Page 74.=--1.{74-1} =Mahonesa= and =Scropp= are probably makers or
sellers of toys.
=Page 75.=--1.{75-1} =faltándole ... seculares=, _because its
foundations, centuries old, were found wanting_.
=Page 76.=--1.{76-1} =Ya ... día=, _when day was near_.
2.{76-2} =Abuelo=, i.e., _God_.
=Page 79.=--1.{79-1} For the life and works of "Fernán Caballero", see
pages ix-x of the _Introduction_. The text of _Obrar bien... que Dios es
Dios_ is taken from the _Otras completas de Fernán Caballero, Cuadros de
Costumbres, Tomo II, Madrid, 1902_.
2.{79-2} =labrarían=; cf. page 2, note 3.
3.{79-3} =árabes=. The Mohammedan Moors and Arabs entered Spain from
Africa in 711 and conquered most of the peninsula. It was only after
seven centuries of warfare that the Spaniards were able to reconquer the
entire country. Toledo was taken from the Moors in 1085, Cordova in
1236, Seville in 1248, and finally Granada in 1492. The peaceful Moors
(_Moriscos_) who had remained in Spain after the reconquest were
expelled at the beginning of the seventeenth century. It is needless to
say that the Moors left a deep impress on the Spanish race.
4.{79-4} =sería=; note that =sería= is equivalent to =probablemente
fué=.
5.{79-5} =que puede fuese=, _which was perhaps_. Note the omission of
_que_ before =fuese=, to avoid repetition.
6.{79-6} =lo que sí sabemos=, _what we do know_.
=Page 80.=--1.{80-1} =expulsión de los árabes=; this refers, not to
their final expulsion from Spain, but to their earlier expulsion from
the provinces of Cordova and Seville. See _Santo Rey_ in the Vocab.
2.{80-2} =se le veía=; note this use of =se=, which is nearly equivalent
to the French indefinite pronoun _on_ or the German _man_.
3.{80-3} =Cual la= = _como la vista_.
=Page 81.=--1.{81-1} =le ... hombre=; =le= is indirect, and =hombre=
direct, object.
2.{81-2} =que dijo ser=, _who was, he said_.
=Page 82.=--1.{82-1} =opuesta ... ella=, lit., _opposed to that they
should occupy themselves with her_. How should this be expressed in
correct English?
2.{82-2} =como ... corazón= = _como su vanidad no le pedía el agradar á
los hombres, ni su corazón le pedía agradar á aquél_ (= _el guarda_).
=Page 83.=--1.{83-1} =¿Á que= = _apuesto á que_, _I wager that_.
2.{83-2} =no sabo= = _no sé_. The natural tendency of children
everywhere is to make all verbs regular.
3.{83-3} =carrillo=. It creaks and shrieks when it rises laden, and
rattles and prattles when it descends.
4.{83-4} =reñir= has here the force of an imperative.
5.{83-5} =á cantar= = _vamos á cantar_; =á ver= = _vamos á ver_.
6.{83-6} =no se ... rogar=, _did not have to be coaxed_.
7.{83-7} =dice=; _canción_ (_song_) is understood as subject.
8.{83-8} =que=; note the use of _que_ in this and the following lines,
sometimes expletive (as here), and again meaning _for_.
=Page 84.=--1.{84-1} =Carlanco=, _bugbear_. In a footnote (_Cuadros de
Costumbres, Vol. II, Madrid, 1902_, page 216) Fernán Caballero says:
«_El Carlanco pertenece á la familia de los pavorosos y fantásticos
monstruos del Cancón, del Bu y del Coco._» _Carlanco_ is not given in
the Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy, but _cancón_, _bu_ and
_coco_ are given and are defined as "an imaginary phantom with which one
frightens children". In English one says "bugaboo", and sometimes "boo"
to frighten children.
2.{84-2} =que=, _for_; as also in lines 19 and 23. Note again this
common use of _que_.
3.{84-3} =no tiene ... cal= = _no tiene dinero para comprar la cal_.
4.{84-4} =ésa soy yo=, _I am she_.
=Page 85.=--1.{85-1} =les=; cf. page 33, note 6.
2.{85-2} =la=; cf. page 19, note 3.
=Page 86.=--1.{86-1} =pegando unos bufidos ... resoplidos=, _blowing and
snorting_. Cf. the expression in the English nursery-tale, "and he
huffed and he puffed."
2.{86-2} =para servir á Vd.=, _at your service_. This is a conventional
phrase commonly used when one person is presented to another.
3.{86-3} =que echaba incendios=, _so that the sparks flew_, i.e. _like
lightning_.
4.{86-4} =escuchare aquesto=; note the hypothetical (or future)
subjunctive and the pronoun =aquesto=, both of which are archaic. To-day
one would say: =Para el que escuche esto=.
=Page 87.=--1.{87-1} =pasada á deber=, _that had become a duty_.
2.{87-2} =sin que ... carita=, _so that nothing but her little face
could be seen_.
3.{87-3} =mire Vd. antes en=, _first look at_.
=Page 88.=--1.{88-1} =ábrame Vd. la ventana=. This is an invitation to
Varmen to open her window and sit or stand there behind the grating
(=reja=), so that the guard standing without may speak with her. This is
the common way to woo in southern Spain.