_A. bisporus_ (J. Lange) Pilát
_A. xanthodermus_ Genevier
_Agrocybe dura_ (Fries) Singer
_A. erebia_ (Fries) Kühner
_A. praecox_ (Fries) Fayod
_Coprinus comatus_ (Fries) S. F. Gray
_C. acuminatus_ (Romagnesi) P. D. Orton
_C. atramentarius_ (Fries) Fries
_C. micaceus_ (Fries) Fries
_C. plicatilis_ (Fries) Fries
_Flammulaster granulosa_ (J. Lange) Watling
_Lacrymaria velutina_ (Fries) Konrad & Maublanc
_Lepiota cristata_ (Fries) Kummer
_L. friesii_ (Lasch) Quélet
_L. rhacodes_ (Vittadini) Quélet
_Lepista nuda_ (Fries) Cooke
_L. sordida_ (Fries) Singer
_Lyophyllum connatum_ (Fries) Singer
_L. decastes_ (Fries) Singer
_Marasmius oreades_ (Fries) Fries
_Melanophyllum echinatum_ (Fries) Singer
_Mycena olivaceomarginata_ (Massee) Massee
_M. fibula_ (Fries) Kühner
_M. swartzii_ (Fries) A. H. Smith
_Panaeolus fimicola_ (Fries) Quélet
_P. foenisecii_ (Fries) Schroeter
_Psathyrella gracilis_ (Fries) Quélet
_P. squamosa_ (Karsten) Moser
_Tubaria furfuracea_ (Fries) Gillet
_T. pellucida_ (Fries) Gillet
_Volvariella speciosa_ (Fries) Singer
_Langermannia gigantea_ (Persoon) Lloyd
_Aleuria aurantia_ (Fries) Fuckel
_Morchella esculenta_ St Amans
_Verpa conica_ Persoon
On herbaceous material
_Coprinus urticicola_ (Berkeley & Broome) Buller
_Panaeolus subbalteatus_ (Berkeley & Broome) Saccardo (in middens)
_Crucibulum laeve_ (de Candolle) Kambly
_Cyathus olla_ Persoon
_Helicobasidium brebissonii_ (Desmazieres) Donk
_Pistillaria micans_ (Persoon) Fries
_P. quisquilliaris_ Fries (on bracken stems)
In greenhouses
_Lepiota rhacodes_ var. _hortensis_ Pilát
_Leucocoprinus cepaestipes_ (Fries) Patouillard
_L. birnbaummii_ (Corda) Singer
_L. brebissonii_ (Godey) Locquin
_L. denudatus_ (Rabenhorst) Singer
_L. lilacinogranulosus_ (Henning) Locquin
_Psilocybe cyanescens_ Wakefield
Near out-buildings, stables, etc.
_Anthurus archeri_ (Berkeley) E. Fischer
_Asteroe ruber_ La Billardiere
_Clathrus ruber_ Persoon
_Lysurus australiensis_ Cooke & Massee
_Queletia mirabilis_ Fries
Specialised habitats
(a) Dung
_Bolbitius vitellinus_ (Fries) Fries
_Conocybe coprophila_ (Kühner) Kühner
_C. pubescens_ (Gillet) Kühner
_C. rickenii_ (J. Schaeffer) Kühner
_Coprinus cinereus_ (Fries) S. F. Gray
_C. ephemeroides_ (Fries) Fries
_C. macrocephalus_ (Berkeley) Berkeley
_C. patouillardii_ Quélet
_C. narcoticus_ (Fries) Fries
_C. niveus_ (Fries) Fries
_C. pellucidus_ Karsten
_C. pseudoradiatus_ Kühner & Josserand
_C. radiatus_ (Fries) S. F. Gray
_Panaeolus semiovatus_ (Fries) Lundell
_P. sphinctrinus_ (Fries) Quélet
_Psathyrella coprobia_ (J. Lange) A. H. Smith
_Psilocybe coprophila_ (Fries) Kummer
_P. merdaria_ (Fries) Quélet
_Stropharia semiglobata_ (Fries) Quélet
Pyrenomycetes: Genera--_Sordaria_; _Podospora_; _Sporormia_;
_Delitschia_.
Discomycetes: Genera--_Cheilymenia_; _Ascobolus_; _Coprobia_.
A key to the common dung fungi is given in _Bull. British Myc.
Society_, 1968 by Watling & Richardson.
(b) Burnt patches
_Aureoboletus cramesinus_ (Secretan) Watling
_Coprinus angulatus_ Peck
_C. lipophilus_ Romagnesi & Heim
_Hebeloma anthracophilum_ Maire
_Mycena leucogala_ (Cooke) Saccardo
_Myxomphalia maura_ (Fries) Hora
_Pholiota highlandensis_ (Peck) A. H. Smith
_Psathyrella pennata_ (Fries) Pearson & Dennis
_Tephrocybe anthracophila_ (Lasch) P. D. Orton
_T. ambusta_ (Fries) Donk
_T. atrata_ (Fries) Donk
_Coltricia perennis_ (Fries) Murrill
_Anthracobia macrocystis_ (Cooke) Boudier
_A. maurilabra_ (Cooke) Boudier
_A. melaloma_ (Fries) Boudier
_Ascobolus carbonarius_ Karsten
_Geopyxis carbonaria_ (Fries) Saccardo
_Lamprospora astroidea_ (Hazslinzky) Boudier
_Peziza echinospora_ Karsten
_P. petersii_ Berkeley & Curtis
_P. praetervisa_ Bresadola
_P. violacea_ Persoon
_Pyronema omphalodes_ (St Amans) Fuckel
_Tricharia gilva_ Boudier
_Trichophaea woolhopeia_ (Cooke & Phillips) Boudier
(c) Sand-dunes
_Agaricus bernardii_ Quélet
_A. devoniensis_ P. D. Orton
_Conocybe dunensis_ P. D. Orton
_Eccilia nigella_ Quélet
_Hygrocybe conicoides_ P. D. Orton
_Inocybe devoniensis_ P. D. Orton
_I. dulcamara_ (Persoon) Kummer
_I. dunensis_ P. D. Orton
_I. halophila_ Heim
_I. serotina_ Peck
_Laccaria maritima_ (Theodowicz) Singer
_Psathyrella ammophila_ (Durieu & Léville) P. D. Orton
_Stropharia albocyanea_ (Desmariezes) Quélet
_Geaster striatum_ de Candolle
_Tulostoma brumale_ Persoon
_Vascellum depressum_ (Bonorden) Smarda
_Phallus hadriani_ Persoon
_Corynetes arenarius_ (Rostrup) Durand
_Peziza ammophila_ Durieu & Montagne
(d) Heathland
_Cystoderma amianthinum_ (Fries) Fayod
_Entoloma helodes_ (Fries) Kummer
_E. madidum_ (Fries) Gillet
_Galerina mniophila_ (Lasch) Kühner
_G. praticola_ (Moëller) P. D. Orton
_G. vittaeformis_ (Fries) Moser
_Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca_ (Fries) Maire
_Hygrocybe cantharella_ (Schweintz) Murrill
_H. lacma_ (Fries) Orton & Watling
_H. laeta_ (Fries) Kummer
_H. ovina_ (Fries) Kühner
_H. subradiata_ (Secretan) Orton & Watling
_H. turunda_ (Fries) Karsten
_Hypholoma ericaeum_ (Fries) Kühner
_H. subericaeum_ (Fries) Kühner
_Mycena epipterygia_ (Fries) S. F. Gray
_M. olivaceomarginata_ (Massee) Massee
_Omphalina velutina_ (Quélet) Quélet
_Clavaria argillacea_ (Persoon) Fries
_Lycoperdon foetidum_ Bonorden
(e) Marshes
_Cortinarius uliginosus_ Berkeley
_Coprinus friesii_ Quélet (on grass-stems)
_C. martinii_ P. D. Orton (on _Juncus_)
_Entoloma sericatum_ (Britz.) Saccardo (under birches)
_Galerina jaapii_ Smith & Singer
_G. paludosa_ (Fries) Kühner
_G. sphagnorum_ (Fries) Kühner
_G. tibiicystis_ (Atkinson) Kühner
_Hygrocybe cantharella_ (Schweinitz) Murrill
_H. coccineocrenata_ (P. D. Orton) Moser
_H. turunda_ (Fries) Karsten
_Hypholoma elongatum_ (Fries) Ricken
_H. udum_ (Fries) Kühner
_Laccaria proxima_ (Boudier) Patouillard
_Marasmius menieri_ Boudier on _Typha_
_Mycena belliae_ (Johnston) P. D. Orton on _Phragmites_
_M. bulbosa_ (Cejp) Kühner on _Juncus_
_M. integrella_ (Fries) S. F. Gray on _Cladium_
_Omphalina ericetorum_ (Fries) Quélet Lange
_O. oniscus_ (Fries) Quélet
_O. philonotis_ (Lasch) Quélet
_O. sphagnicola_ (Berkeley) Moser
_Pholiota myosotis_ (Fries) Singer
_Psathyrella sphagnicola_ (Maire) Favre
_Tephrocybe palustris_ (Peck) Donk
_Cudoniella clavus_ (Fries) Dennis
_Mitrula paludosa_ Fries
_Scutellinia scutellata_ (St Amans) Lambotte (with bright red disc and
conspicuous brown hairs at the margin)
_Vibrissea truncorum_ Fries (an orange-capped fungus with a black
stem)
(f) Mountain tops
_Amanita nivalis_ Greville
_Cortinarius anomalus_ (Fries) Fries
_C. cinnamomeus_ (Fries) Fries
_C. tabularis_ (Fries) Fries
_Russula alpina_ (Blytt) Moëller & Schaeffer
_R. xerampelina_ var. _pascua_ Favre
(g) Mossy areas on the ground, rocks or stumps
_Galerina hypnorum_ (Fries) Kühner
_G. mniophila_ (Lasch) Kühner
_G. mycenopsis_ (Fries) Kühner
_G. praticola_ Moëller
_C. unicolor_ (Sommerf.) Singer (often on wood)
_Leptoglossum lobatus_ (Fries) Ricken
_L. retirugis_ (Fries) Kühner & Romagnesi
_Mycena corticola_ (Fries) Ricken (on wood)
_M. hiemalis_ (Fries) Quélet (on wood)
_M. olida_ Bresadola (on wood)
_Omphalina rickenii_ Hora
_Cyphella muscigena_ (Pers.) Fries
_Cyphellostereum levis_ (Fries) Reid
_Neottiella rutilans_ (Fries) Dennis
(h) Hypogeous fungi
_Melanogaster variegatus_ Vittadini
_Rhizopogon luteolus_ Fries
_R. rubescens_ Tulasne
_Elaphomyces granulatus_ Fries
_E. muricatus_ Fries
_Gyrocratera ploettneriana_ Hennings
_Hydnotrya tulasnei_ Berkeley & Broome
_Melanogaster variegatus_ Vittadini
_Tuber aestivum_ Vittadini
_T. rufum_ Fries
(i) On rotten fungi
_Nyctalis asterophora_ Fries
_N. parasitica_ (Fries) Fries
_Collybia cirrhata_ (Fries) Kummer
_C. cookei_ (Bresadola) J. D. Arnold
_C. tuberosa_ (Fries) Kummer
(ii) Glossary of technical terms
_Specialised colours are placed in capitals_
_Adnate_ (of the gills or tubes), broadly attached to the stem at
least for one quarter of their length. See p. 267.
_Adnexed_ (of the gills or tubes), narrowly attached to the stem by
less than one quarter of their length. See p. 267.
_Amygdaliform_ (of the spore), almond-shaped.
_Amyloid_ (of the spore-walls, spore-ornamentation or hyphal walls),
greyish or bluish or blackish violet in solutions containing iodine.
_Apiculus_ (of the spore), the short peg-like structure at the basal
end of the spore by which it is attached to the basidium. See Fig. 5,
p. 15.
_Arcuate-decurrent_ (of the gills or tubes), curved and extending down
the stem. See p. 267.
_Ascus_, a clavate to cylindrical or subglobose cell in which the
(asco-) spores are borne, usually in eights.
_Basidium_, a clavate or subcylindrical cell on which the (basidio-)
spores are borne, externally on stalks. See Fig. 5, p. 15.
_Cap_ (of the fruit-body), that structure which bears the
spore-bearing layers beneath it (= pileus).
_Caespitose_ (of the fruit-body), aggregated into tufts.
_CINNAMON-BROWN_, the colour of cinnamon powder obtainable from the
grocer.
_Clavate_ (of the stem, or cystidia), club-shaped.
_Convex_ (of the cap), curving outwards. See Plate 9, p. 55.
_Cortex_ (of the cap or stem), outer layers of the tissue.
_Cortina_, a cobweb-like veil at first connecting the margin of the
cap and stem, but at maturity often only present as remnants on the
stem and/or cap-margin. See p. 267.
_Cystidium_, a differentiated terminal cell usually on the surface and
edges of the cap, gill and stem: facial cystidia occurring on the
gill-face: marginal cystidia occurring on the gill-margin. See Fig. 4,
p. 15.
_DATE-BROWN_, the colour of packed dates.
_Decurrent_ (of the gills and tubes), with a part attached to and
descending down the stem. See p. 267.
_Deliquescent_ (of the gills, cap or entire fruit-body), changing into
a liquid at maturity.
_Depauperate_ poorly developed.
_Depressed_ (of the cap), having the central portion sunken, and (of
the tubes) sunken about the apex of the stem. See Plate 1, p. 29.
_Dentate_ see toothed.
_Distant_ (of the gills), greater than their own thickness apart.
_Divergent_ (of the gill-trama in transverse longitudinal section),
with the hyphae curving downwards and outwards on both sides of a
central zone as if combed. See Fig. 9A, p. 17.
_Ellipsoid_ (of the spores), elliptic in outline in all planes.
_Emarginate_ (of the gills), notched near the stem. See Sinuate, p.
263.
_Excentric_ (of the cap), laterally placed on the stem.
_Expallent_ (of the cap), becoming paler when drying.
_Expanded_ (of the cap), opened out when mature. See Plate 10, p. 61.
_Fibrillose_ (of the cap and stem-surfaces), almost smooth but for
distinct parallel longitudinal filaments (fibrils).
_Fleshy_ (of the fruit-body), of a rather soft consistency: readily
decaying.
_Floccose_, with loose, cottony surface; diminutive--flocculose.
_Free_ (of the gills and tubes), not attached to the stem. See p. 267.
_Frondose_ trees, broad-leaved trees.
_Fruit-body_, the whole agaric (toadstool or mushroom, polypore,
etc.), as usually understood.
_Germ-pore_, a differentiated apical, usually thin-walled portion of
the spore. See Fig. 5, p. 15.
_Gill_, the structure on which the reproductive tissue is borne in
agarics, resembling plates.
_Globose_ (of the spore), round in outline in all planes.
_Glutinous_ (of the cap or stem), provided with a sticky jelly-like
coating.
_Heteromerous_ (of the cap and stem-flesh), with discrete nests of
rounded cells in a background of filamentous cells: characterises
members of the Russulaceae. See Fig. 10B, p. 17.
_Homoiomerous_ (of the cap and stem-flesh), not sharply differentiated
into two types of cells, although some may be swollen: characterises
agarics other than members of the Russulaceae. See Fig. 10A, p. 17.
_Hygrophanous_ (of the cap), translucent when wet, opaque and often
paler on drying.
_Hymenium_, the superficial layer of cells in which basidia occur. See
Fig. 9A-D, p. 17.
_Hyaline_, appearing as if clear glass.
_Hypogeous_, growing under ground.
_Hypha_, a fungus filament composed of a chain of several cells;
plural--hyphae; adjective--hyphal.
_Inverse_, (of the gill-trama in transverse longitudinal section),
with the hyphae curving upwards and outwards on both sides of a
central zone. See Fig. 9B, p. 17.
_Irregular_ (of the gill-trama in transverse longitudinal section),
lacking any clear pattern as to hyphal arrangement. See Fig. 9D, p.
17.
_Mealy_, covered in powdery granules, resembling meal.
_Mycelium_, a mass of fungus-filaments (hyphae).
_Mycorrhiza_, a symbiotic association of a fungus and the roots of a
higher plant.
_Non-amyloid_ (of the spore-wall, spore-ornamentation and hyphal
walls), remaining uncoloured or becoming yellowish in solutions
containing iodine.
_OCHRACEOUS_, bright clay-colour: colour of ochre (yellow-brown).
_OLIVACEOUS BROWN_, a dull clay-brown with an additional but distinct
hint of dirty green.
_Plano-convex_ (of the cap), regularly rounded although almost flat.
See Plate 13, p. 67--adult fruit-body.
_Pruinose_ (of the cap and stem-surfaces), finely powdered.
_Pubescent_ (of the cap and stem-surfaces), with short, soft hairs.
_Putrescent_ (of the fruit-body), soft and very easily decaying.
_Pyriform_ (of the spore), pear-shaped.
_Regular_ (of the gill-trama in transverse longitudinal section), with
hyphae showing no distinct curvature and practically parallel to the
gill-surfaces. See Fig. 9C, p. 17.
_Remote_ (of the gills or tubes), separate from the stem by a zone of
cap-flesh. See p. 267.
_Resupinate_ (of the fruit-body), spore-bearing tissue facing outward
and attached to support by what would have been the cap had the fungus
been a normal agaric.
_Ring_, a girdling veil on the stem. See p. 267.
_Rugulose_ (of a surface), covered in small wrinkles.
_RUST-BROWN_, the colour of rusty iron.
_Saprophyte_ (of an organism), using dead material for active growth.
_Scurfy_ (of the cap and stem surfaces), with small irregular loosely
attached scales.
_Sessile_ (of the fruit-bodies), lacking a stem.
_Septate_ (of the structural units of the fruit-body), with
cross-walls; septum--cross-wall.
_Sinuate_ (of the gills), having a concave indentation of that part of
the edge nearest the stem. See Plate 32, p. 111.
_SNUFF-BROWN_, a dull dark clay-brown said to resemble the colour of
snuff.
_Spore-print_ (or deposit), the mass of spores obtained by allowing
the fruit-body to discharge its spores at maturity.
_Stem_ (of the fruit-body), that structure which supports the cap (=
stipe).
_Sterile_, a tissue or structure not involved in the reproductive
process, or failing to take part.
_Sterigma_, the point-like structure at the apex of the basidium
actually bearing the spores.
_Striate_ (of a surface), having minute furrows or lines.
_Subdecurrent_ (of the gills or the tubes), having the gill-attachment
extending slightly down the stem. See p. 267.
_TAWNY_, sand-coloured.
_Tomentose_ (of the cap and stem surfaces), densely matted and woolly.
_Toothed_ (of the gills or cap-margin), as if with teeth (= dentate).
_Trama_ (of the gills), the tissue between the layers bearing basidia
(hymenia).
_Umbilicate_ (of the cap), having a central, small depression. See p.
267.
_Umbonate_ (of the cap), provided with a broad, flattened, raised
centre (the umbo).
_Uncinate_ (of the gills), emarginate, but with a long descending
decurrent tooth because the cap does not expand. See Plate 14, p. 69.
_Veil_, a general term for the tissues which protect the whole or part
of the developing fruit-body.
_Viscid_ (of the cap or stem), very slippery to the touch.
_Volva_, a persistent cup-like structure at the base of the stem. See
p. 267.
_Waxy_ (of the gills), lustrous because they are thick and watery.
_Illustrations_
Text-figures and line-drawings of the greater number of the fungi
mentioned in the text have been included in the book. It is impossible
to supply colour pictures of a high quality in a book such as this
without raising the price of the publication astronomically. The plates
in six easily obtainable popular books have been used to represent
whenever possible the fungus described in the text, as accurate colour
illustrations are very useful in identification. The titles of these
books have been abbreviated for clarity.
_Abbreviations for illustrations used throughout the text_
F--Findlay, W. P. K. (1967), _Wayside and Woodland Fungi_, London.
Hvass--Hvass, E. & H. (1961), _Mushrooms and Toadstools in Colour_,
London.
LH--Lange, M. & Hora, F. B. (1963), _Collins Guide to Mushrooms and
Toadstools_, London.
NB--Nicholson, B. E. & Brightman, F. H. (1966), _Oxford Book of
Flowerless Plants_, Oxford.
WD--Wakefield, E. & Dennis, R. W. G. (1950), _Common British Fungi_,
London.
Z--Zeitlmayr, L. (1968), _Wild Mushrooms_, London.
(iii) Fairy rings
_Object_: To assess the annual radial growth of fairy-rings and to
correlate this with any obvious environmental change.
_Materials_: Graph and tracing papers, tape-measures, note-book,
pencil and rule, small pieces of cane about four inches long and
coloured dye (e.g. Eosin solution, Janus Green).
_Method_: Select a fairy-ring on the school cricket pitch or hockey
pitch, school lawn, local golf course or park at a time when the
fruit-bodies are first visible. Carefully mark the centre of the ring
by driving into the soil a piece of cane until the top is only just
visible. Plot this point on graph paper and relate it to any prominent
feature nearby, e.g. post, tree or hedge.
Carry out weekly observations throughout the fruiting season plotting
the individual fruit-bodies on tracing paper, which is trimmed so as
to make a replica of the original graph-sheet. A small dab of coloured
dye placed on a fruit-body will assist one in recognising fruit-bodies
from previous observations. During the fruiting season observe and
plot the zones of differently coloured vegetation--devise some method
of describing (and measuring) these colours perhaps by comparison with
a colour-chart, printed or hand prepared. Continue observations on the
ring at monthly or fortnightly intervals after the disappearance of
the fruit-bodies, and record subsequent changes in the vegetation for
twelve months.
This project can be continued for several years and for different
species of fungus. Weather conditions may be noted simultaneously with
the growth observations, or obtained from a reliable source of similar
information close by. In this way not only is the increase in ring
size measured but the results can be considered in the light of
climatic data; fungal growth appears to be dependent on favourable
weather conditions.
_Further experiments_:
(i) Compare the effect that different species of agaric have on the
same type of vegetation.
(ii) Observe selected fairy-rings for several seasons then either
apply fertilisers, particularly calcium-based fertilisers to the
ring-area, or mow the vegetation. Note increase in fruit-body
production, if any, changes in period of fructification or increase in
rate of ring development.
(iii) Prepare transects across the fairy-ring and observe the species
of flowering plants and mosses present, the differences between
species in the two stimulated zones, and the colonisation of the dead
zone by annuals and later perennial grasses and herbs.
(iv) To the soil from each zone apply simple soil-dilution
plate-methods for the culture and isolation of soil fungi and
bacteria. Compare the results with those obtained by similar methods
from soil without the fairy-ring.
(iv) Development of the agaric fruit-body
In the soil or substrate the hyphae of agarics frequently grow in close
contact with each other, indeed the intertwining of such hyphae to form
small knots is common in many fungi. In these intertwining hyphae, those
close together divide and branch, later branching again to form a heap
of tissue. The fruit-body develops from, or within, this knot and at its
earliest stage is usually covered by loosely branched and irregularly
arranged hyphae. To the unaided eye the primordium, for this is what
such a structure or early beginning is called, appears to be enveloped
in a mass of pale hyphal strands, often giving the fruit-body a woolly
appearance when seated on the soil, wood, herbaceous debris, etc. If
more than one primordium develops in close proximity, usually all but
one abort early in development, or they remain checked in formation at
this stage until those close by have matured. Some species which grow on
wood are caespitose, that is clustered together, and in these cases all
or many more of the primordia develop fully and simultaneously.
Often it is possible to search and find these primordia in the fields
and woods, and if they are examined under the low-power of a microscope
it is possible to study how the fruit-body subsequently develops from
its small beginnings and the part played by the ring and volva in the
development determined. Thus the origin of the veil can be located, its
development followed as well as its disintegration. When the fungus is
grown in pure culture on sterile dung, or soil, or wood, or simply on
artificial media prepared in the laboratory the full sequence of events
can be more easily followed. This is how the professional mycologist
conducts his observations. By very careful studies it has been found in
recent years that the development of the fruit-body, the origin of the
gills, etc. can assist in the classification of the higher fungi. Thus
some species have no protective tissue around the developing gills
(gymnocarpic) whilst others have one or even two, simple or complex,
tissues around the developing gills or pores (hemiangiocarpic). It is
these tissues which give rise to the ring, volva, cortina, etc. This
most exciting part of the study of the higher fungi is illustrated in
the accompanying figures (Figs. 12 & 13) along with the various types
of gill-attachment mentioned in the text (Fig. 11 A-H). If the agaric
has two tissues surrounding it as the cap expands and matures, first the
outer tissue or skin breaks leaving pieces on the stem and/or cap and
then the second skin breaks as the cap expands still further. The last
skin leaves remnants on the stem and sometimes bits and pieces at the
cap margin. Only now can the agaric shed its spores from the fully
exposed gills.
[Illustration: Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14]
(v) References
A. Reference Texts
Some references have already been given on p. 264. Findlay, Hvass &
Hvass, Lange & Hora, Nicholson & Brightman, Wakefield and Dennis and
Zeitlmayr.
In addition to these the following texts are suggested:
Henderson, D. M., Orton, P. D. & Watling, R. (1969). _British Fungus
Flora: Agarics and Boleti: Introduction_, H.M.S.O., Edinburgh.
Hennig, E. (1958-60). _Handbuch für Pilzfreunde_, Jena (in German).
Haas, H. (1969). _The Young Specialist looks at Fungi_, London.
Pilát, A. & Usak, O. (1951). _Mushrooms_, London.
Pilát, A. & Usak, O. (1961). _Mushrooms and other fungi_, London.
Ramsbottom, J. (1951). _Handbook of Larger fungi_, London.
Ramsbottom, J. (1953). _Mushrooms and Toadstools_, New Naturalist,
London.
Romagnesi, H. (1963). _Petit Atlas des Champignons_, Bordas (in
French).
Smith, A. H. (1963). _Mushroom Hunters’ Field-guide_, Michigan.
Wakefield, E. M. (1954). _Observer’s book of Common fungi_, London.
Watling, R. (1970). _British Fungus Flora: Agarics & Boleti_, Part I,
H.M.S.O., Edinburgh.
B. General Texts
Talbot, P. M. B. (1971). _Principles of Fungal Taxonomy_, London.
Webster, J. (1970). _Introduction to Fungi_, Cambridge.
C. Journals
_Bulletin Trimestriel de la Société Mycologique de France_, Paris.
(Official organ of the French Mycological Society.)
_Coolia_, Leiden. (Official organ of the Dutch Mycological Society.)
_Mycologia_, New York. (Official organ of the American Mycological
Society.)
_Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde._ (Official organ of the
Swiss Mycological Society.)