contained in globose asci.
_Habitat_ & _Distribution_: This fungus is not uncommon in the surface
layers of pine woods at the junction of needle debris and mineral
soil. _E. muricatus_ Fries is similar, but differs in the marbled
flecked interior.
~Tuber aestivum~ Vittadini
English truffle
_Description_:
Fruit-body: subglobose except for basal flattening, up to 80 mm broad,
covered in 5-6-sided pyramidal scales, dark brown to violaceous, white
then greyish brown within, separated by a network of veins radiating
from the basal cavity.
Spores: very large, ellipsoid, light or yellowish brown and ornamented
with a prominent network, borne in two’s and sixes in subglobose asci
and variable in size, 20-40 × 15-30 µm.
[Illustration: Plate 81. Subterranean fungi and fungus-parasites]
_Habitat_ & _Distribution_: This fungus is to be found buried in the
surface layers of soil in beech woods. _T. rufum_ is smaller and
smoother and the spores are not crested but simply minutely spiny.
_Illustrations_: _R. luteolus_--Hvass 322; LH 215. _El.
granulatus_--Hvass 325; LH 49. _T. aestivum_--LH 43. _Melanogaster
variegatus_--LH 215 (see p. 243). _Hymenogaster tener_--LH 215 (see p.
243).
(ix) Fungal parasites
~Nyctalis parasitica~ (Fries) Fries
Pick-a-back-toadstool
_Description_: Plate 81.
Cap: bell-shaped then becoming expanded, silky dirty white, but
gradually grey with a flush of lilac with age.
Stem: slender, white and smooth except for the base.
Gills: pallid but soon becoming brownish, adnate or adnate with tooth,
thick and distant alternately long and short and contorted or united
with age.
Flesh: dark brown.
Spore-print: buff.
Spores: small, hyaline under the microscope, ovoid, 5-6 × 3-4 µm but
usually replaced completely or in part by ovoid, smooth, thick-walled
and pale brownish asexually produced spores (chlamydospores) measuring
about 15 × 10 µm in size.
_Habitat_ & _Distribution_: This fungus grows in clusters on old
decaying specimens of various species of _Russula_ and _Lactarius_
(Russulaceae)--see p. 45.
_General Information_: _N. asterophora_ Fries is closely related and
also grows on decaying specimens of various species of Russula,
particularly _R. nigricans_ (Fries) Fries. It differs, however, in the
cap being fawn-coloured and very mealy when touched; it is recognised
by the poorly formed often developmentally hindered gills on which
chlamydospores are formed. Unlike the smooth asexual spores in _N.
parasitica_ this species has chlamydospores with conical, blunt
humps--i.e. star-shaped; _asterophora_ in fact means ‘I bear stars’.
These fungi have been associated by some mycologists with the common
chanterelle (_Cantharellus cibarius_ Fries, see p. 162) in virtue of
them possessing reduced fold-like gills. However, the fold-like gills
are secondary in nature, correlated with the active production of
chlamydospores and the suppression of the formation of basidiospores.
The gills are not therefore of a primitive type. The genus _Nyctalis_
is related to fungi such as _Tephrocybe palustris_ (Peck) Donk (see p.
223).
There are several rather uncommon ‘agaric-parasites’ of agarics or
other higher fungi, e.g. _Volvariella surrecta_ (Knapp) Singer, but
their formal description must be left to other more advanced texts.
However, the intriguing bolete, _Boletus parasiticus_ Fries, which
grows on _Scleroderma_ (earth-balls) in this country has been
mentioned and figured previously (p. 35 & Plate 64). It is of interest
to note that a close relative of _B. parasiticus_ in Japan lives on
another group of Gasteromycetes.
_Illustrations_: _N. parasitica_--F 11^{a}; LH 81; WD 25⁷. _N.
asterophora_--LH 81; WD 25⁸.
General notes on Fungicoles
Many beginners are confused on finding specimens which, although
appearing agaric-like, are covered in long hairs or irregularly shaped
bumps. Indeed many of these abnormalities are true agarics attacked by
microscopic fungi, and I know of one textbook on mushrooms and
toadstools which includes such an abnormality amongst the discussion on
the normal fruit-bodies. Thus _Sporadinia grandis_ Link, which is a
primitive fungus, attacks many fungi reducing them to a grey velvety
mass of fungal filaments. Specimens of several species of _Mycena_ (p.
88) are common in autumn, covered in whiskers with small nobbles on the
top. These whiskers are produced by the parasitic _Spinellus
megalocarpus_ (Corda) Karsten, another primitive fungus--a phycomycete.
In some wet seasons the orange and green coloured _Lactarius deliciosus_
(Fries) S. F. Gray is to be found contorted and covered in small pinkish
to lilac pimples of the ascomycete _Byssonectria lactaria_ (Fries)
Petch, and other species of _Lactarius_ are attacked by _Byssonectria
viridis_ (Berkeley & Broome) Petch which converts the fruit-bodies into
a hardened mass of green tissue. In North America, species of
_Lactarius_ are frequently attacked by _Hypomyces lactifluorum_
(Schweintz) Tulasne and the whole fungus is reduced to a contorted
acidic-smelling mass of fungal tissue with vivid orange pimples or warts
on the outer surface. These parasitic fruit-bodies are eaten as a
delicacy in their own right whereas the same consumer will be less
enthusiastic about eating the same agaric before it is so deformed.
Boletes particularly _B. subtomentosus_ Fries, _B. chrysenteron_ St
Amans and _B. edulis_ Fries are frequently converted into yellow powdery
masses due to the production of asexual spores of the fungus _Sepedonium
chrysospermum_ Fries; the sexual stage occurs on the remains after they
have collapsed into the soil surface--this stage is called _Apiocrea
chrysosperma_ (Tulasne) Sydow. Several closely related fungi in the
genus _Hypomyces_ also attack agarics.
The yellow pustules found on the spore-bearing surface of the birch
polypore _Piptoporus_ (p. 142) is _Hypocrea pulvinata_ Fuckel; it is
only one of several lower fungi which grow on bracket fungi. The genus
_Cordyceps_ has been mentioned previously (p. 206) and in the discussion
it was indicated that certain hypogeous fungi are attacked by members of
this genus.
White gelatinous pustules found amongst the fruit-bodies of _Stereum
sanguinolentum_ (p. 176) have a hard white centre. On examination these
‘nuclei’ are aborted structures of the stereum covered in the
jelly-fungus _Tremella encephala_ Persoon. This fungus is apparently
parasitic; it is closely related to _Tremella foliacea_ and _T.
mesenterica_ described on page 184.
G. APPENDIX
(i) Species list of specialised habitats
_INTRODUCTION_
Although some fungi prefer one type of woodland more than another many
fungi are less specialised and may be found in all kinds of woods.
Indeed many fungi which we usually associate with a woodland fungus
flora can also be commonly seen in pastures and gardens, e.g. _Laccaria
laccata_ (Fries) Cooke, _Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca_ (Fries) Maire.
It is useful to consider the fungi of different woodland types
separately, but this in some cases is very difficult because some
species are not exclusive; indeed some species may grow in completely
contrasting habitats, e.g. _Amanita muscaria_ (Fries) Hooker in both
birch and conifer woods, or on contrasting substrates, e.g. _Fomes
fomentarius_ (Fries) Kickx on birch in Scotland and beech on the
continent of Europe. The picture becomes even more complex because
frequently woods, in fact, often include several tree species growing in
close proximity and it is then difficult to draw connections between a
fungus and the tree with which it is truly growing--we know little or
nothing except for mycorrhizal fungi, why certain fungi prefer certain
habitats.
A parallel example is that phenomenon seen in certain polypores which
only attack twigs or branches and not stumps or trunks, whilst others
grow exclusively on stumps. We know little of the reasons for these
demarcations, even when they occur within the same host. Mycology,
therefore, offers to the beginner and the professional many
opportunities in physiology and ecology.
In grassland areas it is difficult to know where to draw the line
between one plant-community and another when listing species, for
although ecologically distinct both would come under the name grassland.
In the field, however, this is often very obvious and there is little
doubt that fungi can give just as accurate an indication as to the
soil-type, as many mosses or vascular plants. In sand-dune systems, the
mobile dunes offer a different ecological niche to that of the fixed
dunes which in many ways resemble grasslands. Thus although the lists
below are split into easily manageable units, some flexibility must
still be allowed. It is meant only as a guide--and will differ in some
cases from one place to another, even within the British Isles.
=General Woodland=
_Agaricus silvicola_ (Vitt.) Peck
_Amanita citrina_ S. F. Gray
_A. excelsa_ (Fries) Kummer
_A. rubescens_ (Fries) S. F. Gray
_A. vaginata_ (Fries) Vittadini
_Boletus calopus_ Fries
_B. erythropus_ (Fries) Secretan
_B. piperatus_ Fries
_Cantharellus infundibuliformis_ Fries
_Clitocybe clavipes_ (Fries) Kummer
_C. fragrans_ (Fries) Kummer
_C. nebularis_ (Fries) Kummer
_C. odora_ (Fries) Kummer
_Collybia butyracea_ (Fries) Kummer
_C. confluens_ (Fries) Kummer
_C. dryophila_ (Fries) Kummer
_Hebeloma crustuliniforme_ (St Amans) Quélet
_Hygrocybe strangulatus_ (Orton) Moser
_Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca_ (Fries) Maire
_Inocybe eutheles_ (Berkeley & Broome) Quélet
_I. fastigiata_ (Fries) Quélet
_I. geophylla_ (Fries) Kummer
_Laccaria laccata_ (Fries) Cooke
_Lactarius mitissimus_ (Fries) Fries
_L. piperatus_ (Fries) S. F. Gray
_L. subdulcis_ (Fries) S. F. Gray
_Limacella glioderma_ (Fries) Maire
_Mycena filopes_ (Fries) Kummer
_M. galopus_ (Fries) Kummer
_M. pura_ (Fries) Kummer
_M. sanguinolenta_ (Fries) Kummer
_M. vitilis_ (Fries) Quélet
_Paxillus involutus_ (Fries) Fries
_Ripartites tricholoma_ (Fries) Karsten
_Russula adusta_ (Fries) Fries
_R. atropurpurea_ (Krombholz) Britz.
_R. delica_ Fries
_R. foetens_ (Fries) Fries
_R. nigricans_ (Mérat) Fries
_R. ochroleuca_ (Secretan) Fries
_R. xerampelina_ (Secretan) Fries
_Tricholoma agyraceum_ (St Amans) Gillet
_T. orirubens_ Quélet
_T. saponaceum_ (Fries) Kummer
_T. sciodes_ (Secretan) Martin
_T. terreum_ (Fries) Kummer
_T. virgatum_ (Fries) Kummer
_Tylopilus felleus_ (Fries) Karsten
_Hydnum repandum_ Fries
_Phallus impudicus_ Persoon
_Scleroderma citrinum_ Persoon
_S. verrucosum_ Persoon
_Leotia lubrica_ Persoon
_Microglossum viride_ (Fries) Gillet
On wood
_Armillaria mellea_ (Fries) Kummer
_Crepidotus variabilis_ (Fries) Kummer
_Hypholoma fasciculare_ (Fries) Kummer
_H. sublateritium_ (Fries) Quélet
_Pluteus cervinus_ (Fries) Kummer
_Calocera cornea_ (Fries) Fries
_Coriolus versicolor_ (Fries) Quélet
_Merulius tremellosus_ Fries
_Schizophyllum commune_ Fries
_Stereum hirsutum_ (Fries) Fries
_S. rugosum_ (Fries) Fries
_Lycoperdon pyriforme_ Persoon
_Coryne sarcoides_ (S. F. Gray) Tulasne
_Cudoniella acicularis_ (Fries) Schroeter
_Nectria cinnabarina_ (Fries) Fries
_Xylosphaera hypoxylon_ Dumortier
_X. polymorpha_ (Mérat) Dumortier
Conifer Woods
characterised by species of _Suillus_, _Chroogomphus_, _Gomphidius_,
several _Lactarius_ and _Russula_ spp.
_Agaricus sylvatica_ Secretan
_Amanita porphyria_ (Fries) Secretan
_Boletus badius_ Fries
_B. pinicola_ Venturi
_Chroogomphus rutilus_ (Fries) O. K. Miller
_Clitocybe flaccida_ (Fries) Kummer
_C. langei_ Hora
_Collybia distorta_ (Fries) Quélet
_Cortinarius callisteus_ (Fries) Fries
_C. gentilis_ (Fries) Fries
_C. mucosus_ (Fries) Kickx
_C. pinicola_ P. D. Orton
_C. sanguineus_ (Fries) Fries
_C. semisanguineus_ (Fries) Gillet
_Cystoderma amianthinum_ (Fries) Fayod
_Gomphidius glutinosus_ (Fries) Fries
_G. maculatus_ Fries
_G. roseus_ (Fries) Karsten
_Hygrophorus hypothejus_ (Fries) Fries
_Hypholoma marginatum_ (Fries) Schroeter
_Inocybe calamistrata_ (Fries) Gillet
_Lactarius camphoratus_ (Fries) Fries
_L. deliciosus_ (Fries) S. F. Gray
_L. helvus_ (Fries) Fries
_L. rufus_ (Fries) Fries
_Leccinum vulpinum_ Watling
_Marasmius androsaceus_ (Fries) Fries
_Mycena adonis_ (Fries) S. F. Gray (= _Hemimycena_)
_M. amicta_ (Fries) Quélet
_M. capillaripes_ Peck
_M. coccinea_ Quélet
_M. rubromarginata_ (Fries) Kummer
_M. vulgaris_ (Fries) Kummer
_Nolanea cetrata_ (Fries) Kummer
_N. cuneata_ Bresadola
_Rozites caperata_ (Fries) Karsten
_Russula caerulea_ Fries
_R. decolorans_ (Fries) Fries
_R. emetica_ (Fries) S. F. Gray
_R. erythropus_ Peltereau
_R. nauseosa_ (Secretan) Fries
_R. obscura_ Romell
_R. paludosa_ Britz.
_R. queletii_ Fries
_R. sardonia_ Fries
_Tricholoma albobrunneum_
_T. flavovirens_ (Fries) Lundell
_T. focale_ (Fries) Ricken
_T. imbricatum_ (Fries) Kummer
_T. vaccinum_ (Fries) Kummer
_Ramaria ochraceo-virens_ (Jungh.) Donk
_R. invallii_ (Cotton & Wakef.) Donk
_Sarcodon imbricatum_ (Fries) Karsten
_Sparassis crispa_ (Wulfen) Fries
_Thelephora palmata_ (Bulliard) Patouillard
_T. terrestris_ Fries
_Geastrum pectinatum_ Persoon
Hypogeous
_Rhizopogon luteolus_ Fries
_Elaphomyces granulatus_ Fries
_E. muricatus_ Fries
On cones
_Baeospora myosura_ (Fries) Singer
_Strobilurus esculentus_ (Wulf. ex Fr.) Singer
_S. stephanocystis_ (Hora) Singer
_S. tenacellus_ (Fries) Singer
_Auriscalpium vulgare_ S. F. Gray
On conifer wood
_Gymnopilus penetrans_ (Fries) Murrill
_Hypholoma capnoides_ (Fries) Kummer
_Mycena alcalina_ (Fries) Kummer
_Lentinus tigrinus_ (Fries) Fries
_Paxillus atrotomentosus_ (Fries) Fries
_P. panuoides_ (Fries) Fries
_Pholiota flammans_ (Fries) Kummer
_Pleurotellus porrigens_ (Fries) Singer (= _Pleurocybella_)
_Pluteus atromarginatus_ Kühner
_Tricholompsis rutilans_ (Fries) Singer
_Xeromphalina campanella_ (Fries) Maire
_Calocera viscosa_ (Fries) Fries
_Dacrymyces stillatus_ Nees ex Fries
_Pseudohydnum gelatinosum_ (Fries) Karsten
_Gloeophyllum sepiarium_ (Fries) Karsten
_Heterobasidion annosum_ (Fries) Brefeld
_Hirschioporus abietinus_ (Fries) Donk
_Laetiporus sulphureus_ (Fries) Murrill
_Phaeolus schweinitzii_ (Fries) Patouillard
_Stereum sanguinolentum_ (Fries) Fries
_Tremella encephala_ Persoon
_T. foliacea_ (Persoon) Persoon
_Tyromyces stipticus_ (Fries) Kotlaba & Pouzar
Deciduous Woods General
_Amanita fulva_ Secretan
_A. inaurata_ Secretan
_A. virosa_ Secretan
_Boletus edulis_ Fries
_B. chrysenteron_ St Amans
_B. luridus_ Fries
_B. subtomentosus_ Fries
_Collybia peronata_ (Fries) Kummer
_Lactarius vellereus_ (Fries) Fries
_Russula cyanoxantha_ (Secretan) Fries
_R. grisea_ (Secretan) Fries
_R. heterophylla_ (Fries) Fries
_R. lutea_ (Fries) Fries
_R. ochroleuca_ (Secretan) Fries
_Tricholoma album_ (Fries) Kummer
_T. columbetta_ (Fries) Kummer
_T. saponaceum_ (Fries) Kummer
_T. sulphureum_ (Fries) Kummer
_Cantharellus cibarius_ Fries
_Clavulina cinerea_ (Fries) Schroeter
_C. cristata_ (Fries) Schroeter
_Hydnum repandum_ Fries
_Geastrum rufescens_ Persoon
_Lycoperdon perlatum_ Persoon
_Helvella crispa_ Fries
_H. elastica_ (St Amans) Boudier
_H. lacunosa_ Fries
_Disciotis venosa_ (Persoon) Boudier
_Paxina acetabulum_ (St Amans) Kuntze
_Peziza badia_ Mérat
_P. succosa_ Berkeley
On wood
_Coprinus disseminatus_ (Fries) S. F. Gray
_C. micaceus_ (Fries) Fries
_Crepidotus mollis_ (Fries) Kummer
_Galerina mutabilis_ (Fries) P. D. Orton
_Gymnopilus junonius_ (Fries) P. D. Orton
_Mycena galericulata_ (Fries) S. F. Gray
_Oudemansiella radicata_ (Fries) Singer
_Pholiota squarrosa_ (Fries) Kummer
Pleurotoid fungi (see p. 74)
_Psathyrella candolleana_ (Fries) R. Maire
_P. hydrophilum_ (Mérat) Maire
_Coniophora puteana_ (Fries) Karsten
_Meripilus giganteus_ (Fries) Karsten
_Tremella mesenterica_ Hooker
Beech Woods
_Amanita citrina var alba_ Gillet
_Boletus edulis_ Fries
_B. satanus_ Lenz
_Collybia fuscopurpurea_ (Fries) Kummer
_Coprinus picaceus_ (Fries) S. F. Gray
_Cortinarius pseudosalor_ J. Lange
_C. bolaris_ (Fries) Fries
_Hygrophorus chrysaspis_ Métrod
_Laccaria amethystea_ (Mérat) Murrill
_Lactarius blennius_ (Fries) Fries
_L. pallidus_ (Fries) Fries
_L. tabidus_ Fries
_Marasmius cohaerens_ (Fries) Cooke & Quélet
_M. wynnei_ Berkeley & Broome
_Mycena capillaris_ (Fries) Kummer (on leaves)
_M. pelianthina_ (Fries) Quélet
_Russula alutacea_ (Fries) Fries
_R. fellea_ (Fries) Fries
_R. lepida_ Fries
_R. mairei_ Singer
_R. virescens_ (Zantedschi) Fries
_Tricholoma ustale_ (Fries) Kummer
_Clavariadelphus pistillaris_ (Fries) Donk
_Geaster triplex_ Jungh
_G. fimbriatum_ Fries
Hypogeous
_Melanogaster variegatus_ Vittadini
_Tuber aestivum_ Vittadini
On wood
_Oudemansiella mucida_ (Fries) Höhnel
_O. radicata_ (Fries) Singer
_Panus torulosus_ (Fries) Fries
_Pholiota adiposa_ (Fries) Kummer
_Stropharia squamosa_ (Fries) Quélet
_Bjerkandera adusta_ (Fries) Karsten
_Datronia mollis_ (Fries) Donk
_Hiericium coralloides_ (Fries) S. F. Gray
_Lentinellus cochleatus_ (Fries) Karsten
_Pseudotrametes gibbosa_ (Fries) Bond. & Singer
_Bulgaria inquinans_ Fries (a large dark brown, gelatinous
discomycete)
Several pyrenomycetes are recorded and dealt with by J. Webster in a
popular account published in _The Naturalist_, London 1953, pp. 1-16.
Birch Woods
_Amanita crocea_ (Quélet) Kühner & Romagnesi
_Boletus edulis_ Fries
_Cortinarius armillatus_ (Fries) Fries
_C. crocolitus_ Quélet
_C. hemitrichus_ (Fries) Fries
_Lactarius glaucescens_ Crossland
_L. glyciosmus_ (Fries) Fries
_L. lacunarum_ Hora
_L. torminosus_ (Fries) S. F. Gray
_L. turpis_ (Weinm.) Fries
_L. uvidus_ (Fries) Fries
_L. vietus_ (Fries) Fries
_Leccinum holopus_ (Rostkovius) Watling
_L. roseofractum_ Watling
_L. scabrum_ (Fries) S. F. Gray
_L. variicolor_ Watling
_L. versipellis_ (Fries & Hök) Snell
_Russula aeruginea_ Lindblad ex Fries
_R. betularum_ Hora
_R. claroflava_ Grove
_R. gracillima_ J. Schaeffer
_R. nitida_ (Fries) Fries
_R. pulchella_ Borszczow
_R. versicolor_ J. Schaeffer
_Tricholoma fulvum_ (Fries) Saccardo
On wood
_Fomes fomentarius_ (Fries) Kickx
_Lenzites betulina_ (Fries) Fries
_Piptoporus betulinus_ (Fries) Karsten
Oak Woods
_Amanita phalloides_ (Fries) Secretan
_Boletus albidus_ Rocques
_B. appendiculatus_ Fries
_B. pulverulentus_ Opatowski
_B. reticulatus_ Boudier
_B. versicolor_ Rostkovius
_Gyroporus castaneus_ (Fries) Quélet
_Hygrophorus eburneus_ (Fries) Fries
_Lactarius chrysorheus_ Fries
_L. quietus_ (Fries) Fries
_Leccinum quercinum_ (Pilát) Green & Watling
_Russula vesca_ Fries
_Tricholoma acerbum_ (Fries) Quélet
Hypogeous
_Hymenogaster tener_ Berkeley & Broome
On wood
_Mycena inclinata_ (Fries) Quélet
_Psathyrella obtusata_ (Fries) A. H. Smith
_Daedalea quercina_ Persoon
_Fistulina hepatica_ Fries
_Hymenochaete rubiginosa_ (Fries) Léville
_Peniophora quercina_ (Fries) Cooke
_Inonotus dryadeus_ (Fries) Murrill
_Stereum gausapatum_ (Fries) Fries
Specific Tree Species
Alder
_Lactarius obscuratus_ (Lasch) Fries
_Naucoria escharoides_ (Fries) Kummer
_N. scolecina_ (Fries) Quélet
On wood
_Clavariadelphus fistulosus_ var. _contorta_ (Fries) Corner
_Exidia glandulosa_ (St Amans) Fries
_Inonotus radiatus_ (Fries) Karsten
_Plicaturiopsis crispa_ (Fries) Reid
Ash
On wood
_Inonotus hispidus_ (Fries) Karsten
_Daldinia concentrica_ (Fries) Cesati & de Notaris
Elder
On wood
_Hirneola auricula-judae_ (St Amans) Berkeley
_Hyphodontia sambuci_ (Fries) J. Eriksson
Elm
On wood
_Lyophyllum ulmarius_ (Fries) Kühner
_Rhodotus palmatus_ (Fries) Maire
_Volvariella bombycina_ (Fries) Singer
_Rigidoporus ulmarius_ (Fries) Imaz
Hazel
_Lactarius pyrogalus_ (Fries) Fries
_Leccinum carpini_ (R. Schulzer) Reid
On wood
_Hymenochaete corrugata_ (Fries) Léville
_Sarcoscypha coccinea_ (Fries) Lambotte (red discomycete occurring in
early spring)
Hawthorn
_Entoloma clypeatum_ (Fries) Kummer
On wood
_Pholiota squarrosa_ (Fries) Kummer
_Phellinus pomaceus_ (Persoon) Maire
_Stereum purpureum_ (Fries) Fries
Hornbeam
_Lactarius circellatus_ Fries
_Leccinum carpini_ (R. Schulzer) Reid
Poplar
_Lactarius controversus_ (Fries) Fries
_Leccinum aurantiacum_ (Fries) S. F. Gray
_L. duriusculum_ (Schulzer) Singer
_Mitromorpha hybrida_ (Fries) Léville
On wood
_Agrocybe cylindracea_ (Fries) Maire
_Pholiota destruens_ (Brondeau) Gillet
_Bjerkandera fumosa_ (Fries) Karsten
_Oxyporus populinus_ (Fries) Donk
Willow
_Hebeloma leucosarx_ P. D. Orton
_H. mesophaeum_ (Persoon) Quélet
_H. testaceum_ (Fries) Quélet
_Lactarius lacunarum_ Hora
On wood
_Daedaleopsis rubescens_ (Fries) Schroeter
_Pluteus salicinus_ (Fries) Kummer
_Phellinus igniarius_ (Fries) Quélet
_Trametes suaveolens_ (Fries) Fries
Grasslands
_Agaricus arvensis_ Secretan
_A. campestris_ Fries
_A. macrosporus_ (Moëller & Schaeffer) Pilát
_Agrocybe semiorbicularis_ (St Amans) Fayod
_Calocybe gambosum_ (Fries) Singer
_C. carneum_ (Fries) Kummer
_Cantharellula umbonata_ (Fries) Singer
_Clitocybe dealbata_ (Fries) Kummer
_C. ericetorum_ Quélet
_C. rivulosa_ (Fries) Kummer
_Clitopilus prunulus_ (Fries) Kummer
_Dermoloma atrocinereum_ (Fries) P. D. Orton
_D. cuneifolium_ (Fries) Singer
_Entoloma porphyrophaeum_ (Fries) Karsten
_Hygrocybe aurantiosplendens_ R. Haller
_H. berkeleyi_ (P. D. Orton) Orton & Watling
_H. chlorophana_ (Fries) Karsten
_H. coccinea_ (Fries) Kummer
_H. conica_ (Fries) Kummer
_H. calyptraeformis_ (Berkeley & Broome) Fayod
_H. flavescens_ (Kauffman) Singer
_H. marchii_ (Bresadola) Singer
_H. nivea_ (Fries) Orton & Watling
_H. nitrata_ (Pers.) Wunsche
_H. obrussea_ (Fries) Fries
_H. pratensis_ (Fries) Donk
_H. psittacina_ (Fries) Wunsche
_H. punicea_ (Fries) Kummer
_H. reai_ (Maire) J. Lange
_H. russocoriacea_ (Berkeley & Miller) Orton & Watling
_H. splendidissima_ (P. D. Orton) Moser
_H. unguinosa_ (Fries) Karsten
_H. virginea_ (Fries) Orton & Watling
_Lepiota procera_ (Fries) S. F. Gray
_Lepista luscina_ (Fries) Singer
_L. saeva (Fries)_ P. D. Orton
_Leptonia griseocyanea_ (Fries) P. D. Orton
_L. incana_ (Fries) Gillet
_L. sericella_ (Fries) Barbier
_L. serrulata_ (Fries) Kummer
_Leucoagaricus naucina_ (Fries) Singer
_Melanoleuca strictipes_ (Karsten) J. Schaeffer
_Mycena flavoalba_ (Fries) Quélet
_M. leptocephala_ (Fries) Gillet
_M. fibula_ (Fries) Kühner
_M. swartzii_ (Fries) A. H. Smith
_Nolanea papillata_ Bresadola
_N. sericea_ (Mérat) P. D. Orton
_N. staurospora_ Bresadola
_Psathyrella atomata_ (Fries) Quélet
_Rhodocybe popinalis_ (Fries) Singer
_Clavaria fumosa_ Fries
_C. vermicularis_ Fries
_Clavulinopsis corniculata_ (Fries) Corner
_C. fusiformis_ (Fries) Corner
_C. helvola_ (Fries) Corner
_Bovista nigrescens_ Persoon
_B. plumbea_ Persoon
_Calvatia utriformis_ (Fries) Jaap
_C. excipuliformis_ (Fries) Perdeck
_Corynetes atropurpureus_ (Fries) Durand
_Geoglossum cookeianum_ Nannfeldt
_G. glutinosus_ Fries
_G. nigritun_ Cooke
_Trichoglossum hirsutum_ (Fries) Boudier
Lawns: Wasteland: Hedgerows