THE YOUTH'S DICTIONARY OF MYTHOLOGY.

=Abas= (Aʹbas), a son of Meganira, was turned into a newt, or

water-lizard, for deriding the ceremonies of the Sacrifice.

=Absyrtus= (Absyʹrtus). After Jason had slain the dragon which guarded

the golden fleece, he fled with Medea, the beautiful young sorceress,

and daughter of Aeetes, who pursued with great energy, for Medea had

taken with her the most precious treasure of the king, his only son

and heir, Absyrtus. To delay the pursuit, Medea slew her little

brother, cut the body in pieces, and dropped them over the side of the

vessel. Thus the cruel daughter effected her escape.

=Achelous= (Acheloʹus) was a river god, and the rival of Hercules in

his love for Deianira. To decide who should have the bride, Hercules

and Achelous had recourse to a wrestling bout, the fame of which

extends through all the intervening centuries. In this fierce

struggle, Achelous changed himself into the form of a bull and rushed

upon his antagonist with lowered horns, intending to hurl him aside.

Hercules eluded the onset, and seizing one of the huge horns, held it

so firmly that it was broken off by the furious efforts of Achelous to

free himself. He was defeated, and finally turned himself into a

river, which has since been known by his name.

=Acheron= (Achʹeron) (see "The Youth's Classical Dictionary"). The

current of the river Acheron, across which all souls had to pass to

hear their decree from Pluto, was so swift that the boldest swimmer

dare not attempt to breast it; and, since there was no bridge, the

spirits were obliged to rely upon the aid of Charon, an aged boatman,

who plied the only boat that was available. He would allow no soul to

enter this leaky craft until he had received the obolus, or fare,

which the ancients carefully placed under the tongue of the dead, that

they might not be delayed in their passage to Pluto. Those who had not

their fare were forced to wait one hundred years, when Charon

reluctantly ferried them over without charge.

"Infernal rivers that disgorge

Into the burning lake their baleful streams

... Sad Acheron, of sorrow black and deep."

Milton.

=Achilles= (Achilʹles) was the most valiant of the Greek heroes in the

Trojan War. He was the son of Peleus, King of Thessaly. His mother,

Thetis, plunged him, when an infant, into the Stygian pool, which

made him invulnerable wherever the waters had washed him; but the heel

by which he was held was not wetted, and that part remained

vulnerable. He was shot with an arrow in the heel by Paris, at the

siege of Troy, and died of his wound.

=Acidalia= (Acidaʹlia), a name given to Venus, from a fountain in

Boeotia.

=Acis= (Aʹcis). A Sicilian shepherd, loved by the nymph Galatea. One

of the Cyclops who was jealous of him crushed him by hurling a rock on

him. Galatea turned his blood into a river--the Acis at the foot of

Mount Etna.

=Actaeon= (Actaeʹon) was the son of Aristaeus, a famous huntsman. He

intruded himself on Diana while she was bathing, and was changed by

her into a deer, in which form he was hunted by his own dogs and torn

in pieces.

=Ades= (Aʹdes), see Hades.

=Adonis= (Adoʹnis), the beautiful attendant of Venus, who held her

train. He was killed by a boar, and turned by Venus into an anemone.

"Even as the sun with purple-colored face

Had ta'en his last leave of the weeping morn.

Rose-cheeked Adonis hied him to the chase;

Hunting he loved, but love he laughed to scorn."

Shakespeare.

=Adrastaea= (Adrastaeʹa), another name of Nemesis, one of the

goddesses of justice.

=Adscriptitii Dii= (Adscriptiʹtii Dii) were the gods of the second

grade.

=Adversity=, see Echidna.

=Aeacus= (Aeʹacus), one of the judges of hell, with Minos and

Rhadamanthus. See Eacus.

=Aecastor= (Aecasʹtor), an oath used only by women, referring to the

Temple of Castor.

=Aedepol= (Aedʹepol), an oath used by both men and women, referring to

the Temple of Pollux.

=Aeetes= (Aeeʹtes), a king of Colchis, and father of Medea.

=Aegeon= (Aegeʹon), a giant with fifty heads and one hundred hands,

who was imprisoned by Jupiter under Mount Etna. See Briareus.

=Aegis= (Aeʹgis), the shield of Jupiter, so called because it was made

of goat-skin.

"Where was thine Aegis Pallas that appall'd?"

Byron.

"Tremendous, Gorgon frowned upon its field,

And circling terrors filled the expressive shield."

"Full on the crest the Gorgon's head they place,

With eyes that roll in death, and with distorted face."

Pope.

=Aegle= (Aeʹgle). The fairest of the Naiads.

=Aello= (Aelʹlo), the name of one of the Harpies.

=Aeneas= (Aeneʹas) was the son of Anchises and Venus. He was one of

the few great captains who escaped the destruction of Troy. He behaved

with great valor during the siege, encountering Diomed, and even

Achilles himself. When the Grecians had set the city on fire Aeneas

took his aged father, Anchises, on his shoulders, while his son,

Ascanius, and his wife Creusa, clung to his garments. He saved them

all from the flames. After wandering about during several years,

encountering numerous difficulties, he at length arrived in Italy,

where he was hospitably received by Latinus, king of the Latins. After

the death of Latinus Aeneas became king.

"His back, or rather burthen, showed

As if it stooped with its load;

For as Aeneas bore his sire

Upon his shoulders through the fire,

Our knight did bear no less a pack

Of his own buttocks on his back."

Butler.

=Aeolus= (Aeoʹlus) was the god of the winds. Jupiter was his reputed

father, and his mother is said to have been a daughter of Hippotus.

Aeolus is represented as having the power of holding the winds

confined in a cavern, and occasionally giving them liberty to blow

over the world. So much command was he supposed to have over them that

when Ulysses visited him on his return from Troy he gave him, tied up

in a bag, all the winds that could prevent his voyage from being

prosperous. The companions of Ulysses, fancying that the bag contained

treasure, cut it open just as they came in sight of Ithaca, the port

they were making for, and the contrary winds rushing out drove back

the ship many leagues. The residence of Aeolus was at Strongyle, now

called Strombolo.

"Aeolus from his airy throne

With power imperial curbs the struggling winds,

And sounding tempests in dark prisons binds."

Dryden.

=Aesculapius= (Aesculaʹpius), the god of physic, was a son of Apollo.

He was physician to the Argonauts in their famous expedition to

Colchis. He became so noted for his cures that Pluto became jealous of

him, and he requested Jupiter to kill him with a thunderbolt. To

revenge his son's death Apollo slew the Cyclops who had forged the

thunderbolt. By his marriage with Epione he had two sons, Machaon and

Podalirius, both famous physicians, and four daughters, of whom

Hygeia, the goddess of health, is the most renowned. Many temples were

erected in honor of Aesculapius, and votive tablets were hung therein

by people who had been healed by him; but his most famous shrine was

at Epidaurus, where, every five years, games were held in his honor.

This god is variously represented, but the most famous statue shows

him seated on a throne of gold and ivory. His head is crowned with

rays, and he wears a long beard. A knotty stick is in one hand, and a

staff entwined with a serpent is in the other, while a dog lies at his

feet.

"Thou that dost Aesculapius deride,

And o'er his gallipots in triumph ride."

Fenton.

=Aeson= (Aeʹson) was father of Jason, and was restored to youth by

Medea.

=Agamemnon= (Agamemʹnon) was the son of Plisthenes and brother of

Menelaus. He was king of the Argives. His brother's wife was the

famous Helen, daughter of Tyndarus, king of Sparta; and when she

eloped with Paris, Agamemnon was appointed leader of the Greeks in

their expedition against Troy.

=Aganippides= (Aganipʹpides), a name of the Muses, derived from the

fountain of Aganippe.

=Agineus= (Agineʹus), see Apollo.

=Aglaia= (Aglaʹia) was one of the Three Graces.

=Agni= (Agʹni). The Hindoo god of lightning.

=Ajax= (Aʹjax) was one of the bravest of the Greek warriors in the

Trojan War. His father was Telamon, and his mother Eriboea. Some

writers say that he was killed by Ulysses; others aver that he was

slain by Paris; while others again assert that he went mad after being

defeated by Ulysses, and killed himself. Another Ajax, son of Oileus,

also took a prominent part in the Trojan War.

=Alcestis= (Alcesʹtis), wife of Admetus, who, to save her husband's

life, died in his stead, and was restored to life by Hercules.

=Alcides= (Alciʹdes), one of the names of Hercules.

=Alcmena= (Alcmeʹna), the mother of Hercules, was daughter of

Electryon, a king of Argos.

=Alecto= (Alecʹto) was one of the Furies. She is depicted as having

serpents instead of hair on her head, and was supposed to breed

pestilence wherever she went.

=Alectryon= (Alecʹtryon), a servant of Mars, who was changed by him

into a cock because he did not warn his master of the rising of the

sun.

=Alfadur= (Alʹfadur), in Scandinavian Mythology the Supreme

Being--Father of all.

=Alma Mammosa= (Alʹma Mammoʹsa), a name of Ceres.

=Alpheus= (Alpheʹus), a river god. See Arethusa.

=Altar.= A structure on which a sacrifice was offered. The earliest

altars were merely heaps of earth or turf or rough unhewn stone; but

as the mode of sacrificing became more ceremonious grander altars were

built. Some were of marble and brass, ornamented with carvings and

bas-reliefs, and the corners with models of the heads of animals. They

varied in height from two feet to twenty, and some were built solid;

others were made hollow to retain the blood of the victims. Some were

provided with a kind of dish, into which frankincense was thrown to

overpower the smell of burning fat. This probably was the origin of

the custom of burning incense at the altar.

=Amalthaea= (Amalʹthaeʹa), the goat which nourished Jupiter.

=Amazons= (Amʹazons) were a nation of women-soldiers who lived in

Scythia. Hercules totally defeated them, and gave Hippolyte, their

queen, to Theseus for a wife. The race seems to have been exterminated

after this battle.

[Illustration: Amazon

_See page 20_]

=Ambarvalia= (Ambarvaʹlia) were festivals in honor of Ceres,

instituted by Roman husbandmen to purge their fields. At the spring

festival the head of each family led an animal, usually a pig or ram,

decked with oak boughs, round his grounds, and offered milk and new

wine. After harvest there was another festival, at which Ceres was

presented with the first-fruits of the season. See Ceres.

=Amber=, see Heliades.

=Ambrosia= (Ambroʹsia) were Bacchanalian festivals.

=Amica= (Amiʹca), a name of Venus.

=Amphion= (Amphiʹon) was the son of Jupiter and Antiope. He was

greatly skilled in music; and it is said that, at the sound of his

lute, the stones arranged themselves so regularly as to make the walls

of the city of Thebes.

"Amphion, too, as story goes, could call

Obedient stones to make the Theban wall."

Horace.

"New walls to Thebes, Amphion thus began."

William King.

"Such strains I sing as once Amphion played,

When list'ning flocks the powerful call obeyed."

Elphinston.

=Amphitrite= (Amphitriʹte) (or =Salatia=), the wife of Neptune, was a

daughter of Oceanus and Tethys. She was the mother of Triton, a sea

god.

"His weary chariot sought the bowers

Of Amphitrite and her tending nymphs."

Thomson.

=Amycus= (Amyʹcus) was king of Bebrycia. He was a son of Neptune, and

was killed by Pollux.

=Ancaeus= (Ancaeʹus). A son of Neptune, who left a cup of wine to hunt

a wild boar which killed him, and the wine was untasted. This was the

origin of the proverb--"There's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip."

=Ancilia= (Ancilʹia), the twelve sacred shields. The first Ancile was

supposed to have fallen from heaven in answer to the prayer of Numa

Pompilius. It was kept with the greatest care, as it was prophesied

that the fate of the Roman people would depend upon its preservation.

An order of priesthood was established to take care of the Ancilia,

and on 1st March each year the shields were carried in procession, and

in the evening there was a great feast, called Coena Saliaris.

=Andromeda= (Andromʹeda), the daughter of Cepheus, king of the

Ethiopians, was wife of Perseus, by whom she was rescued when she was

chained to a rock and was about to be devoured by a sea-monster.

=Anemone= (Anemʹone). Venus changed Adonis into this flower.

=Angeronia= (Angeroʹnia), otherwise Volupia, was the goddess who had

the power of dispelling anguish of mind.

=Anna Perenna= (Anna Perenʹna), one of the rural divinities.

=Antaeus= (Antaeʹus), a giant who was vanquished by Hercules. Each

time that Hercules threw him the giant gained fresh strength from

touching the earth, so Hercules lifted him off the ground and squeezed

him to death.

=Anteros= (Anʹteros), one of the two Cupids, sons of Venus.

=Anticlea= (Anticʹlea), the mother of Ulysses.

=Antiope= (Antiʹope) was the wife of Lycus, King of Thebes. Jupiter,

disguised as a satyr, led her astray and corrupted her.

=Anubis= (Anuʹbis) (or Hermanubis (Hermanʹubis)). "A god half a dog, a

dog half a man." Called _Barker_ by Virgil and other poets.

=Aonides= (Aonʹides), a name of the Muses, from the country Aonia.

=Apaturia= (Apaturʹia), an Athenian festival, which received its name

from a Greek word signifying deceit.

=Aphrodite= (Aphʹrodiʹte), a Greek name of Venus.

=Apis=, a name given to Jupiter by the inhabitants of the Lower Nile.

Also the miraculous ox, worshiped in Egypt.

=Apis= (Aʹpis), King of Argivia. Afterward called Serapis, the

greatest god of the Egyptians.

=Apollo= (Apolʹlo). This famous god, some time King of Arcadia, was

the son of Jupiter and Latona. He was known by several names, but

principally by the following:--Sol (the sun); Cynthius, from the

mountain called Cynthus in the Isle of Delos, and this same island

being his native place obtained for him the name of Delius;

Delphinius, from his occasionally assuming the shape of a dolphin. His

name of Delphicus was derived from his connection with the splendid

Temple at Delphi, where he uttered the famous oracles. Some writers

record that this oracle became dumb when Jesus Christ was born. Other

common names of Apollo were Didymaeus, Nomius, Paean, and Phoebus. The

Greeks called him Agineus, because the streets were under his

guardianship, and he was called Pythius from having killed the serpent

Python. Apollo is usually represented as a handsome young man without

beard, crowned with laurel, and having in one hand a bow, and in the

other a lyre. The favorite residence of Apollo was on Mount Parnassus,

a mountain of Phocis, in Greece, where he presided over the Muses.

Apollo was the accredited father of several children, but the two most

renowned were Aesculapius and Phaeton.

"Wilt thou have music? Hark! Apollo plays.

And twenty cagëd nightingales do sing."

Shakespeare.

=Apotheosis= (Apotheʹosis). The consecration of a god. The ceremony of

deification.

=Arachne= (Arachʹne), a Lydian princess, who challenged Minerva to a

spinning contest, but Minerva struck her on the head with a spindle,

and turned her into a spider.

"... So her disemboweled web,

Arachne, in a hall or kitchen spreads.

Obvious to vagrant flies."

John Phillips.

=Arcadia= (Arcaʹdia), a delightful country in the center of

Peloponnessus, a favorite place of the gods. Apollo was reputed to

have been King of Arcadia.

=Arcas= (Arʹcas), a son of Calisto, was turned into a he-bear; and

afterward into the constellation called Ursa Minor.

=Archer=, see Chiron.

=Areopagitae= (Areopʹagiʹtae), the judges who sat at the Areopagus.

=Areopagus= (Areopʹagus), the hill at Athens where Mars was tried for

murder before twelve of the gods.

=Ares= (Aʹres). The same as Mars, the god of war.

=Arethusa= (Arethuʹsa) was one of the nymphs of Diana. She fled from

Alpheus, a river god, and was enabled to escape by being turned by

Diana into a rivulet which ran underground. She was as virtuous as she

was beautiful.

=Argonauts= (Arʹgonauts). This name was given to the fifty heroes who

sailed to Colchis in the ship Argo, under the command of Jason, to

fetch the Golden Fleece.

=Argus= (Arʹgus) was a god who had a hundred eyes which slept and

watched by turns. He was charged by Juno to watch Io, but, being slain

by Mercury, was changed by Juno into a peacock.

=Ariadne= (Ariadʹne), daughter of Minos, King of Crete. After enabling

Theseus to get out of the Labyrinth by means of a clew of thread, she

fled with him to Naxos, where he ungratefully deserted her; but

Bacchus wooed her and married her, and the crown of seven stars which

he gave her was turned into a constellation.

=Arion= (Ariʹon) was a famous lyric poet of Methymna, in the Island of

Lesbos, where he gained great riches by his art. There is a pretty

fable which has made the name of Arion famous. Once when traveling

from Lesbos his companions robbed him, and proposed to throw him into

the sea. He entreated the seamen to let him play upon his harp before

they threw him overboard, and he played so sweetly that the dolphins

flocked round the vessel. He then threw himself into the sea, and one

of the dolphins took him up and carried him to Taenarus, near Corinth.

For this act the dolphin was raised to heaven as a constellation.

=Aristaeus= (Aristaeʹus), son of Apollo and Cyrene, was the god of

trees; he also taught mankind the use of honey, and how to get oil

from olives. He was a celebrated hunter. His most famous son was

Actaeon.

=Armata= (Armaʹta), one of the names of Venus, given to her by

Spartan women.

=Artemis= (Arʹtemis). This was the Grecian name of Diana, and the

festivals at Delphi were called Artemisia.

=Arts and Sciences=, see Muses.

=Aruspices= (Arusʹpices), sacrificial priests.

=Ascalaphus= (Ascalʹaphus) was changed into an owl, the harbinger of

misfortune, by Ceres, because he informed Pluto that Proserpine had

partaken of food in the infernal regions, and thus prevented her

return to earth.

=Ascanius= (Ascaʹnius), the son of Aeneas and Creusa.

=Ascolia= (Ascolʹia), Bacchanalian feasts, from a Greek word meaning a

leather bottle. The bottles were used in the games to jump on.

=Asopus= (Asoʹpus). A son of Jupiter, who was killed by one of his

father's thunderbolts.

=Assabinus= (Assabiʹnus), the Ethiopian name of Jupiter.

=Ass's ears=, see Midas.

=Astarte= (Astarʹte), one of the Eastern names of Venus.

=Asteria= (Asteʹria), daughter of Caeus, was carried away by Jupiter,

who assumed the shape of an eagle.

=Astrea= (Astreʹa), mother of Nemesis, was the goddess of justice; she

returned to heaven when the earth became corrupt.

"... Chaste Astrea fled,

And sought protection in her native sky."

John Hughes.

=Atalanta= (Atalanʹta) was daughter of Caeneus. The oracle told her

that marriage would be fatal to her, but, being very beautiful, she

had many suitors. She was a very swift runner, and, to get rid of her

admirers, she promised to marry any one of them who should outstrip

her in a race, but that all who were defeated should be slain.

Hippomenes, however, with the aid of Venus, was successful. That

goddess gave him three golden apples, one of which he dropped whenever

Atalanta caught up to him in the race. She stopped to pick them up,

and he was victorious and married her. They were both afterward turned

into lions by Cybele, for profaning her temple.

=Ate= (Aʹte). The goddess of revenge, also called the goddess of

discord and all evil. She was banished from heaven by her father

Jupiter.

"With Ate by his side come hot from hell."

Shakespeare.

=Athena= (Atheʹna), a name obtained by Minerva as the tutelary goddess

of Athens.

=Atlas=, was King of Mauritania, now Morocco, in Africa. He

was also a great astronomer. He is depicted with the globe on his

back, his name signifying great toil or labor. For his inhospitality

to Perseus that king changed him into the mountain which bears his

name of Atlas. A chain of mountains in Africa is called after him, and

so is the Atlantic Ocean. He had seven daughters by his wife Pleione,

they were called by one common name, Pleiades; and by his wife Aethra

he had seven more, who were, in the same manner, called Hyades. Both

the Pleiades and the Hyades are celestial constellations.

=Atreus= (Atʹreus), the type of fraternal hatred. His dislike of his

brother Thyestes went to the extent of killing and roasting his

nephews, and inviting their father to a feast, which Thyestes thought

was a sign of reconciliation, but he was the victim of his brother's

detestable cruelty.

"Media must not draw her murdering knife,

Nor Atreus there his horrid feast prepare."

Lord Roscommon.

=Atropos= (Atʹropos), one of the three sisters called The Fates, who

held the shears ready to cut the thread of life.

=Atys= (Aʹtys), son of Croesus, was born dumb, but when in a fight he

saw a soldier about to kill the king he gained speech, and cried out,

"Save the king!" and the string that held his tongue was broken.

=Atys= (Aʹtys) was a youth beloved by Aurora, and was slain by her

father, but, according to Ovid, was afterward turned into a pine-tree.

=Augaeas= (Augʹaeas), a king of Elis, the owner of the stable which

Hercules cleansed after three thousand oxen had been kept in it for

thirty years. It was cleansed by turning the river Alpheus through it.

Augaeas promised to give Hercules a tenth part of his cattle for his

trouble but, for neglecting to keep his promise, Hercules slew him.

=Augury= (Auʹgury). This was a means adopted by the Romans of forming

a judgment of futurity by the flight of birds, and the officiating

priest was called an augur.

=Aurora= (Auroʹra), the goddess of the morning,

"Whose rosy fingers ope the gates of day."

She was daughter of Sol, the sun, and was the mother of the stars and

winds. She is represented as riding in a splendid golden chariot drawn

by white horses. The goddess loved Tithonus, and begged the gods to

grant him immortality, but forgot to ask at the same time that he

should not get old and decrepit. See Tithonus.

"... So soon as the all-cheering sun

Should, in the farthest east, begin to draw

The shady curtains of Aurora's bed."

Shakespeare.

=Auster= (Ausʹter), the south wind, a son of Jupiter.

=Avernus= (Averʹnus), a poisonous lake, referred to by poets as being

at the entrance of the infernal regions, but it was really a lake in

Campania, in Italy.

=Averruncus Deus= (Averrunʹcus Deus), a Roman god, who could divert

people from evil-doing.

=Axe=, see Daedalus.

=Baal= (Baʹal), a god of the Phoenicians.

=Baal-Peor= (Baʹal-Peʹor), a Moabitish god, associated with

licentiousness and obscenity. The modern name is Belphegor.

=Babes=, see Rumia Dea.

=Bacchantes= (Bacʹchantes). The priestesses of Bacchus.

=Bacchus= (Bacʹchus), the god of wine, was the son of Jupiter and

Semele. He is said to have married Ariadne, daughter of Minos, King of

Crete, after she was deserted by Theseus. The most distinguished of

his children is Hymen, the god of marriage. Bacchus is sometimes

referred to under the names of Dionysius, Biformis, Brisaeus, Iacchus,

Lenaeus, Lyceus, Liber, and Liber Pater, the symbol of liberty. The

god of wine is usually represented as crowned with vine and ivy

leaves. In his left hand is a thyrsus, a kind of javelin, having a fir

cone for the head, and being encircled with ivy or vine. His chariot

is drawn by lions, tigers, or panthers.

"Jolly Bacchus, god of pleasure,

Charmed the world with drink and dances."

T. Parnell, 1700.

=Balios= (Baʹlios). A famous horse given by Neptune to Peleus as a

wedding present, and was afterward given to Achilles.

=Barker=, see Anubis.

=Bassarides= (Bassarʹides). The priestesses of Bacchus were sometimes

so called.

=Battle=, see Valhalla.

=Bear=, see Calisto.

=Beauty=, see Venus.

=Bees=, see Mellona.

=Belisama= (Belisaʹma), a goddess of the Gauls. The name means the

Queen of Heaven.

=Bellerophon= (Bellerʹophon), a hero who destroyed a monster called

the Chimaera.

=Bellona= (Belloʹna), the goddess of war, and wife of Mars. The 24th

March was called Bellona's Day, when her votaries cut themselves with

knives and drank the blood of the sacrifice.

"In Dirae's and in Discord's steps Bellona treads,

And shakes her iron rod above their heads."

=Belphegor= (Belpheʹgor), see Baal-Peor.

=Belus= (Beʹlus). The Chaldean name of the sun.

=Berecynthia= (Berecynʹthia), a name of Cybele, from a mountain where

she was worshiped.

=Biformis= (Biʹformis), a name of Bacchus, because he was accounted

both bearded and beardless.

=Birds=, see Augury.

=Births=, see Lucina and Levana.

=Blacksmith=, see Brontes and Vulcan.

=Blind=, see Thamyris.

=Blue eyes=, see Glaukopis.

=Bona Dea= (Boʹna Deʹa). "The bountiful goddess," whose festival was

celebrated by the Romans with much magnificence. See Ceres.

=Bonus Eventus= (Boʹnus Evenʹtus). The god of good success, a rural

divinity.

=Boreas= (Boʹreas), the north wind, son of Astraeus and Aurora.

"... I snatched her from the rigid north,

Her native bed, on which bleak Boreas blew,

And bore her nearer to the sun...."

Young, 1710.

=Boundaries=, see Terminus.

=Boxing=, see Pollux.

=Brahma= (Brahʹma). The great Indian deity, represented with four

heads looking to the four quarters of the globe.

=Briareus= (Briʹareus), a famous giant. See Aegeon.

=Brisaeus= (Brisʹaeus). A name of Bacchus, referring to the use of

grapes and honey.

=Brontes= (Brontʹes), one of the Cyclops. He is the personification of

a blacksmith.

=Bubona= (Buboʹna), goddess of herdsmen, one of the rural divinities.

=Buddha= (Budʹdha). Primitively, a pagan deity, the Vishnu of the

Hindoos.

=Byblis= (Bybʹlis). A niece of Sol, mentioned by Ovid. She shed so

many tears for unrequited love that she was turned into a fountain.

"Thus the Phoebeian Byblis, spent in tears,

Becomes a living fountain, which yet bears

Her name."

Ovid.

=Cabiri= (Cabʹiri). The mysterious rites connected with the worship of

these deities were so obscene that most writers refer to them as

secrets which it was unlawful to reveal.

=Cacodaemon= (Cacʹodaeʹmon). The Greek name of an evil spirit.

=Cacus= (Caʹcus), a three-headed monster and robber.

=Cadmus= (Cadʹmus), one of the earliest of the Greek demi-gods. He was

the reputed inventor of letters, and his alphabet consisted of sixteen

letters. It was Cadmus who slew the Boeotian dragon, and sowed its

teeth in the ground, from each of which sprang up an armed man.

=Caduceus= (Caduʹceus). The rod carried by Mercury. It has two winged

serpents entwined round the top end. It was supposed to possess the

power of producing sleep, and Milton refers to it in _Paradise Lost_

as the "opiate rod."

=Calisto= (Calisʹto), an Arcadian nymph, who was turned into a

she-bear by Jupiter. In that form she was hunted by her son Arcas, who

would have killed her had not Jupiter turned him into a he-bear. The

nymph and her son form the constellations known as the Great Bear and

Little Bear.

=Calliope= (Calliʹope). The Muse who presided over epic poetry and

rhetoric. She is generally depicted using a stylus and wax tablets,

the ancient writing materials.

=Calpe= (Calʹpe). One of the pillars of Hercules.

=Calypso= (Calypʹso) was queen of the island of Ogygia, on which

Ulysses was wrecked, and where he was persuaded to remain seven years.

=Cama= (Caʹma). The Indian god of love and marriage.

=Camillus= (Camilʹlus), a name of Mercury, from his office of minister

to the gods.

=Canache= (Canʹache). The name of one of Actaeon's hounds.

=Canopus= (Canoʹpus). The Egyptian god of water, the conqueror of

fire.

=Capis= (Capʹis) or =Capula= (Capʹula). A peculiar cup with ears, used

in drinking the health of the deities.

=Capitolinus= (Capitoliʹnus). A name of Jupiter, from the Capitoline

hill, on the top of which a temple was built and dedicated to him.

=Capripedes= (Capʹriʹpedes). Pan, the Egipans, the Satyrs, and Fauns,

were so called from having goat's feet.

=Caprotina= (Caprotiʹna). A name of Juno.

=Cassandra= (Cassanʹdra), a daughter of Priam and Hecuba, who was

granted by Apollo the power of seeing into futurity, but having

offended that god he prevented people from believing her predictions.

=Cassiopeia= (Cassiopeʹia). The Ethiopian queen who set her beauty in

comparison with that of the Nereides, who thereupon chained her to a

rock and left her to be devoured by a sea-monster, but she was

delivered by Perseus. See Andromeda.

=Castalia= (Castaʹlia). One of the fountains in Mount Parnassus,

sacred to the Muses.

=Castalides= (Castaʹliʹdes), a name of the Muses, from the fountain

Castalia or Castalius.

=Castor= (Casʹtor), son of Jupiter and Leda, twin brother of Pollux,

noted for his skill in horsemanship. He went with Jason in quest of

the Golden Fleece.

=Cauther= (Cauʹther), in Mohammedan mythology, is the lake of

paradise, whose waters are as sweet as honey, as cold as snow, and as

clear as crystal; and any believer who tastes thereof is said to

thirst no more.

=Celeno= (Celʹeno) was one of the Harpies, progenitor of Zephyrus, the

west wind.

=Centaur= (Cenʹtaur). A huntsman who had the forepart like a man, and

the remainder of the body like a horse. The Centauri lived in

Thessaly.

=Cephalus= (Cepʹhalus) was married to Procris, whom he accidentally

slew by shooting her while she was secretly watching him, he thinking

she was a wild beast. Cephalus was the type of constancy.

=Ceraunius= (Cerauʹnius). A Greek name of Jupiter, meaning The

Fulminator, from his thunderbolts.

=Cerberus= (Cerʹberus). Pluto's famous three-headed dog, which guarded

the gate of the infernal regions, preventing the living from entering,

and the inhabitants from going out.

"Three-headed Cerberus, by fate

Posted at Pluto's iron gate;

Low crouching rolls his haggard eyes,

Ecstatic, and foregoes his prize."

=Ceremonies=, see Themis.

[Illustration: Apollo Belvedere

_See page 23_]

=Ceres= (Ceʹres), daughter of Saturn, the goddess of agriculture, and

of the fruits of the earth. She taught Triptolemus how to grow corn,

and sent him to teach the inhabitants of the earth. She was known by

the names of Magna Dea, Bona Dea, Alma Mammosa, and Thesmorphonis.

Ceres was the mother of Proserpine. See Ambarvalia.

"To Ceres bland, her annual rites be paid

On the green turf beneath the fragrant shade.--

... Let all the hinds bend low at Ceres' shrine,

Mix honey sweet for her with milk and mellow wine,

Thrice lead the victim the new fruits around,

On Ceres call, and choral hymns resound."

"Ceres was she who first our furrows plowed,

Who gave sweet fruits and every good allowed."

Pope.

=Cestus= (Cesʹtus), the girdle of Venus, which excited irresistible

affection.

=Chaos= (Chaʹos) allegorically represented the confused mass of matter

supposed to have existed before the creation of the world, and out of

which the world was formed.

"... Behold the throne

Of Chaos, and his dark pavilion spread

Wide on the wasteful deep; with him enthroned

Sat sable-vested Night, eldest of all things,

The consort of his reign."

Milton.

=Charon= (Charʹon) was the son of Nox and Erebus. He was the ferryman

who conveyed the spirits of the dead, in a boat, over the rivers

Acheron and Styx to the Elysian Fields. "Charon's toll" was a coin

put into the hands of the dead with which to pay the grim ferryman.

"From the dark mansions of the dead,

Where Charon with his lazy boat

Ferries o'er Lethe's sedgy moat."

=Charybdis= (Charybʹdis). A dangerous whirlpool on the coast of

Sicily. Personified, it was supposed to have been a woman who

plundered travelers, but was at last killed by Hercules. Scylla and

Charybdis are generally spoken of together to represent alternative

dangers.

"Charybdis barks, and Polyphemus roars."

Francis.

=Chemos= (Cheʹmos). The Moabitish god of war.

=Children=, see Nundina.

=Chimaera= (Chimaeʹra). A wild illusion, personified in the monster

slain by Bellerophon. It had the head and breast of a lion, the body

of a goat, and the tail of a serpent. It used to vomit fire.

"... And on the craggy top

Chimera dwells, with lion's face and mane,

A goat's rough body and a serpent's train."

Pope.

"First, dire Chimera's conquest was enjoined,

A mingled monster of no mortal kind.

Behind, a dragon's fiery tail was spread,

A goat's rough body bore a lion's head,

Her pitchy nostrils flaky flames expire,

Her gaping throat emits infernal fire."

Milton.

=Chiron= (Chiʹron), the centaur who taught Achilles hunting, music,

and the use of medicinal herbs. Jupiter placed him among the stars,

where he appears as Sagittarius, the Archer.

=Chloris= (Chloʹris). The Greek name of Flora, the goddess of flowers.

=Chou.= An Egyptian god corresponding to the Roman Hercules.

=Chronos= (Chroʹnos). Time, the Grecian name of Saturn.

=Cillaros= (Cilʹlaros), see Cyllaros.

=Circe= (Cirʹce), daughter of the Sun. The knowledge of poisonous

herbs enabled her to destroy her husband, the King of the Sarmatians,

for which act she was banished. When Ulysses landed at Aeaea, where

she lived, she turned all his followers into swine.

=Cisseta= (Cisseʹta). The name of one of Actaeon's hounds.

=Citherides= (Citherʹides). A name of the Muses, from Mount Citheron.

=Clio= (Cliʹo). One of the Muses, daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne.

She presided over history.

=Cloacina= (Cloaciʹna). The Roman goddess of sewers.

=Clotho= (Cloʹtho) was one of the Fates. She was present at births,

and held the distaff from which was spun the thread of life. See

Atropos and Lachesis.

=Clowns of Lycia, The= (Lyʹcia), were changed into frogs by Latona,

because they refused to allow her to drink at one of their streamlets.

=Cluacina= (Cluʹaciʹna). A name of Venus, given to her at the time of

the reconciliation of the Romans and the Sabines, which was ratified

near a statue of the goddess.

=Clytemnestra= (Clyʹtemnesʹtra), wife of Agamemnon, slew her husband

and married Aegisthus. She attempted to kill her son Orestes, but he

was delivered by his sister Electra, who sent him away to Strophius.

He afterward returned and slew both Clytemnestra and Aegisthus.

=Clytie= (Clytʹie). A nymph who got herself changed into a sunflower

because her love of Apollo was unrequited. In the form of this flower

she is still supposed to be turning toward Sol, a name of Apollo.

=Cneph.= In Egyptian mythology the creator of the universe.

=Cocytus= (Cocyʹtus), the river of Lamentation. One of the five rivers

of the infernal regions.

"Infernal rivers that disgorge

Into the burning lake their baleful streams.

... Cocytus, named of lamentation loud.

Heard on the rueful stream."

Milton.

=Coeculus= (Coeʹculus), a violent robber, was a son of Vulcan.

=Coelus= (Coeʹlus), also called Uranus (or Heaven), was the most

ancient of the gods.

=Coena Saliaris= (Coeʹna Saliaʹris), see Ancilia.

=Collina= (Colliʹna) was one of the rural deities, the goddess of

hills.

=Comedy=, see Thalia.

=Comus= (Coʹmus) was the god of revelry. He presided over

entertainments and feasts.

=Concord= (Conʹcord). The symbol of Concord was two right hands

joined, and a pomegranate.

=Concordia= (Concorʹdia). The goddess of peace. One of the oldest

Roman goddesses. She is represented as holding a horn of plenty in one

hand, and in the other a scepter, from which fruit is sprouting forth.

=Constancy=, see Cephalus.

=Consualia= (Consuʹalia). Games sacred to Neptune.

=Consus= (Conʹsus). A name given to Neptune as being the god of

counsel.

=Cophetua= (Copheʹtua). A legendary king of Africa, who disliked

women, but ultimately fell in love with a "beggar-maid," as mentioned

in _Romeo and Juliet_.

"... Cupid, he that shot so trim

When King Cophetua loved the beggar-maid."

Shakespeare.

=Copia= (Coʹpia), the goddess of plenty.

=Coran= (Coʹran). One of Actaeon's hounds was so named.

=Corn=, see Ceres.

=Coronis= (Corʹonis), was a consort of Apollo and mother of

Aesculapius. Another Coronis was daughter of a king of Phocis, and was

changed by Athena into a crow.

=Corybantes= (Corybanʹtes) were priests of Cybele. They obtained the

name because they were in the habit of striking themselves in their

dances.

=Corydon= (Coryʹdon). A silly love-sick swain mentioned by Virgil.

=Corythaix= (Coryʹthaix). A name given to Mars, meaning Shaker of the

Helmet.

=Cotytto= (Cotytʹto). The Athenian goddess of immodesty.

"Hail! goddess of nocturnal sport,

Dark-veiled Cotytto, to whom the secret flame

Of midnight torches burns; mysterious dame."

Milton.

=Counsel=, see Consus.

=Creditors=, see Jani.

=Crow=, see Coronis.

=Cultivated Land=, see Sylvester.

=Cup-bearer=, see Ganymede.

=Cupid= (Cuʹpid), the god of love, was the son of Jupiter and Venus.

He is represented as a naked, winged boy, with a bow and arrows, and a

torch. When he grew up to be a man he married Psyche.

"For Venus did but boast one only son,

And rosy Cupid was that boasted one;

He, uncontroll'd, thro' heaven extends his sway,

And gods and goddesses by turns obey."

Eusden, 1713.

=Cuvera= (Cuveʹra). The Indian god of wealth corresponding to the

Greek Plutus.

=Cybele= (Cyʹbele). The mother of the gods, and hence called Magna

Mater. She was wife of Saturn. She is sometimes referred to under the

names of Ceres, Rhea, Ops, and Vesta. She is represented as riding in

a chariot drawn by lions. In one hand she holds a scepter, and in the

other a key. On her head is a castelated crown, to denote that she

was the first to protect castles and walls with towers.

"Nor Cybele with half so kind an eye

Surveyed her sons and daughters of the sky."

Dryden.

"Might she the wise Latona be,

Or the towered Cybele,

Mother of a hundred gods,

Juno dares not give her odds."

Milton.

=Cyclops= (Cyʹclops) or =Cyclopes= (Cyʹclopes) were the gigantic,

one-eyed workmen of Vulcan, who made Jove's thunderbolts. Hesiod gives

their names as Arges, Brontes, and Steropes.

"Meantime, the Cyclop raging with his wound,

Spreads his wide arms, and searches round and round."

Pope.

=Cygnus= (Cygʹnus), the bosom friend of Phaeton. He died of grief on

the death of his friend, and was turned into a swan.

=Cyllaros= (Cyllʹaros), one of Castor's horses. The color is mentioned

as being coal-black, with white legs and tail. See Cillaros.

=Cyllo= (Cylʹlo). The name of one of Actaeon's hounds, which was lame.

=Cyllopotes= (Cyllopʹotes). A name given to one of Actaeon's hounds

which limped.

=Cynosure= (Cynʹosure). One of the nurses of Jupiter, turned by the

god into a conspicuous constellation.

"Towers and battlements it sees

Bosomed high in tufted trees,

Where perhaps some beauty lies,

The Cynosure of neighboring eyes."

Milton.

=Cyparissus= (Cyparisʹsus). A boy of whom Apollo was very fond; and

when he died he was changed, at Apollo's intercession, into a cypress

tree, the branches of which typify mourning.

=Cypress= (Cyʹpress), see Cyparissus.

=Cypria= (Cyʹpria). A name of Venus, because she was worshiped in the

island of Cyprus.

=Cythera= (Cythʹera). A name of Venus, from the island to which she

was wafted in the shell.

=Dactyli= (Dactyʹli) were priests of Cybele. They were given the name,

because, like the fingers, they were ten in number.

=Daedalus= (Daedʹalus) was a great architect and sculptor. He invented

the wedge, the axe, the level, and the gimlet, and was the first to

use sails. Daedalus also constructed the famous labyrinth for Minos,

King of Crete. See Icarus.

"Now Daedalus, behold, by fate assigned,

A task proportioned to thy mighty mind."

Pope.

=Dagon= (Daʹgon). A god of the Philistines, half man half fish, like

the mermaid. Milton describes him as "Upward man and downward fish."

=Dahak= (Daʹhak). The Persian devil.

=Daityas= (Daiʹtyas). In Hindoo mythology the devils or evil gods.

=Danae= (Danʹae) was a daughter of Acrisius and Eurydice. She had a

son by Jupiter, who was drifted out to sea in a boat, but was saved by

Polydectes and educated.

[Illustration: Fountain of Cybele (Rhea)

_See page 42_]

=Danaides= (Danaʹides), see Danaus.

=Danaus= (Danaʹus), King of Argos, was the father of fifty daughters,

who, all but one, at the command of their father, slew their husbands

directly after marriage. For this crime they were condemned to the

task of forever trying to draw water with vessels without any bottoms.

See Hypermnestra.

=Dancing=, see Terpsichore.

=Dangers=, see Charybdis, also Scylla.

=Daphne= (Daphʹne). The goddess of the earth. Apollo courted her, but

she fled from him, and was, at her own request, turned into a laurel

tree.

"... As Daphne was

Root-bound, that fled Apollo."

Milton.

=Dardanus= (Darʹdanus), a son of Jupiter, who built the city of

Dardania, and by some writers was accounted the founder of Troy.

=Dead-toll=, see Charon.

=Death=, see Nox.

=Deceiver, The=, see Apaturia.

=Deianira= (Deianiʹra), daughter of Oeneus, was wife of Hercules. See

Hercules.

=Delius= (Deʹlius), a name of Apollo, from the island in which he was

born.

=Delphi= (Delʹphi). A town on Mount Parnassus, famous for its oracle,

and for a temple of Apollo. See Delphos.

=Delphicus= (Delʹphicus). A name of Apollo, from Delphi.

=Delphos= (Delʹphos), the place where the temple was built, from

which the oracle of Apollo was given.

=Demarus= (Deʹmarus). The Phoenician name of Jupiter.

=Demogorgon= (Deʹmogorʹgon) was the tyrant genius of the soil or

earth, the life and support of plants. He was depicted as an old man

covered with moss, and was said to live underground. He is sometimes

called the king of the elves and fays.

"Which wast begot in Demogorgon's hall

And saw'st the secrets of the world unmade."

Spenser.

=Deucalion= (Deucaʹlion), one of the demi-gods, son of Prometheus and

Pyrra. He and his wife, by making a ship, survived the deluge which

Jupiter sent on the earth, circa 1503 B.C.

=Devil=, see Dahak, Daityas, and Obambou.

=Diana= (Diʹana), goddess of hunting and of chastity. She was the

sister of Apollo, and daughter of Jupiter and Latona. She was known

among the Greeks as Diana or Phoebe, and was honored as a triform

goddess. As a celestial divinity she was called Luna; as a terrestrial

Diana or Dictynna; and in the infernal regions Hecate.

=Dictynna= (Dictynʹna), a Greek name of Diana as a terrestrial

goddess.

=Dido= (Diʹdo). A daughter of Belus, King of Tyre. It was this

princess who bought a piece of land in Africa as large as could be

encompassed by a bullock's hide, and when the purchase was completed,

cut the hide into strips, and so secured a large tract of land. Here

she built Carthage; and Virgil tells that when Aeneas was shipwrecked

on the neighboring coast she received him with every kindness, and at

last fell in love with him. But Aeneas did not reciprocate her

affections, and this so grieved her that she stabbed herself. A tale

is told in _Facetiae Cantabrigienses_ of Professor Porson, who being

one of a set party, the conversation turned on the subject of punning,

when Porson observing that he could pun on any subject, a person

present defied him to do so on the Latin gerunds, _di_, _do_, _dum_,

which, however, he immediately did in the following admirable couplet:

"When Dido found Aeneas would not come,

She mourned in silence, and was _Dido dumb_."

=Dies Pater= (Diʹes Paʹter), or Father of the Day, a name of Jupiter.

=Dii Selecti= (Dii Selecʹti) composed the second class of gods. They

were Coelus, Saturn, Genius, Oreus, Sol, Bacchus, Terra, and Luna.

=Dindymene= (Dinʹdymeʹne). A name of Cybele, from a mountain where she

was worshiped.

"Nor Dindymene, nor her priest possest,

Can with their sounding cymbals shake the breast

Like furious anger."

Francis.

=Diomedes= (Diomeʹdes), the cruel tyrant of Thrace, who fed his mares

on the flesh of his guests. He was overcome by Hercules, and himself

given to the same horses as food.

=Dione= (Dioʹne). A poetic name of Venus.

=Dionysia= (Dionyʹsia) were festivals in honor of Bacchus.

=Dionysius= (Dionyʹsius). A name of Bacchus, either from his father

Jupiter (Dios), or from his nurses, the nymphs called Nysae.

=Dioscuri= (Diosʹcuri). Castor and Pollux, the sons of Jupiter.

=Dirae= (Diʹrae). A name of the Furies.

=Dis.= A name of Pluto, god of hell, signifying riches.

"... That fair field

Of Enna, where Proserpine gathering flowers,

Herself a fairer flower, by gloomy Dis

Was gathered."

Milton.

=Discord=, see Ate.

=Discordia= (Discorʹdia), sister of Nemesis, the Furies, and Death,

was driven from heaven for having sown discord among the gods.

=Diseases=, see Pandora.

=Distaff=, see Pallas.

=Dithyrambus.= A surname of Bacchus.

=Dodona= (Dodoʹna) was a celebrated oracle of Jupiter.

"O where, Dodona, is thine aged grove,

Prophetic fount, and oracle divine?"

Byron.

=Dodonaeus= (Dodonaeʹus). A name of Jupiter, from the city of Dodona.

=Dog=, see Lares.

=Dolabra= (Dolaʹbra). The knife used by the priests to cut up the

sacrifices.

=Dolphin=, see Arion.

=Doorga= (Doorʹga). A Hindoo goddess.

=Doris= (Doʹris) was daughter of Oceanus, and sister of Nereus, two of

the marine deities. From these two sisters sprang the several tribes

of water nymphs.

=Doto= (Doʹto). One of the Nereids or sea nymphs.

=Draco= (Draʹco). One of Actaeon's hounds.

=Dragon=, seven-headed, see Geryon.

=Dreams=, see Morpheus.

=Dryads= (Dryʹads) were rural deities, the nymphs of the forests, to

whom their votaries offered oil, milk, and honey.

"Flushed with resistless charms he fired to love

Each nymph and little Dryad of the grove."

Ticknell.

=Dumbness= (Dumbʹness), see Atys.

=Dweurgar= (Dweurʹgar). Scandinavian god of the Echo--a pigmy.

=Eacus= (Eʹacus), son of Jupiter and Egina, one of the judges of the

infernal regions, who was appointed to judge the Europeans. See

Aeacus.

=Earth=, see Antaeus.

=Eblis= (Ebʹlis), the Mohammedan evil genius.

=Echidna= (Echidʹna). A woman having a serpent's tail. She was the

reputed mother of Chimaera, and also of the many-headed dog Orthos, of

the three-hundred-headed dragon of the Hesperides, of the Colchian

dragon, of the Sphinx, of Cerberus, of Scylla, of the Gorgons, of the

Lernaean Hydra, of the vulture that gnawed away the liver of

Prometheus, and also of the Nemean lion; in fact, the mother of all

adversity and tribulation.

=Echnobas= (Echnoʹbas), one of Actaeon's hounds.

=Echo= (Echʹo) was a nymph who fell in love with Narcissus. But when

he languished and died she pined away from grief and died also,

preserving nothing but her voice, which repeats every sound that

reaches her. Another fable makes Echo a daughter of Air and Tellus.

She was partly deprived of speech by Juno, being allowed only to reply

to questions.

"Sweet Echo, sweetest nymph, that liv'st unseen

Within thy airy shell.

. . . .

Sweet queen of parley, daughter of the sphere,

So may'st thou be translated to the skies,

And give resounding grace to all heaven's harmonies."

Milton.

"Oft by Echo's tedious tales misled."

Ovid.

=Egeon.= A giant sea-god, who assisted the Titans against Jupiter.

=Egeria= (Egeʹria). A nymph who is said to have suggested to Numa all

his wise laws. She became his wife, and at his death was so

disconsolate, and shed so many tears, that Diana changed her into a

fountain.

=Egil= (Eʹgil). The Vulcan of northern mythology.

=Egipans= (Egipʹans) were rural deities who inhabited the forests and

mountains, the upper half of the body being like that of a man, and

the lower half like a goat.

=Egis= (Eʹgis) was the shield of Minerva. It obtained its name because

it was covered with the skin of the goat Amalthaea, which nourished

Jupiter. See Aegis.

=Eleusinian Mysteries= (Eleusinʹian). Religious rites in honor of

Ceres, performed at Eleusis, in Attica.

=Elysium= (Elysʹium), or the =Elysian Fields=. The temporary abode of

the just in the infernal regions.

=Empyrean, The= (Empyreʹan). The fifth heaven, the seat of the heathen

deity.

=Endymion= (Endymʹion). A shepherd, who acquired from Jupiter the

faculty of being always young. One of the lovers of Diana.

=Entertainments=, see Comus.

=Envy=, see Furies.

=Enyo= was the Grecian name of Bellona, the goddess of war and

cruelty.

=Eolus= (Eʹolus), see Aeolus.

=Eos= (Eʹos). The Grecian name of Aurora.

=Eous= (Eʹous). One of the four horses which drew the chariot of Sol,

the sun. The word is Greek, and means red.

=Ephialtes= (Ephʹialʹtes). A giant who lost his right eye in an

encounter with Hercules, and the left eye was destroyed by Apollo.

=Erato= (Erʹato). One of the Muses, the patroness of light poetry;

she presided over the triumphs and complaints of lovers, and is

generally represented as crowned with roses and myrtle, and holding a

lyre in her hand.

=Erebus= (Erʹebus), son of Chaos, one of the gods of Hades, sometimes

alluded to as representing the infernal regions.

=Ergatis= (Ergaʹtis). A name given to Minerva. It means the

work-woman, and was given to the goddess because she was credited with

having invented spinning and weaving.

=Erictheus= (Ericʹtheus), fourth King of Athens, was the son of

Vulcan.

=Erinnys= (Erinʹnys). A Greek name of the Furies. It means Disturber

of the Mind.

=Erisichthon= (Erisichʹthon) was punished with perpetual hunger

because he defiled the groves of Ceres, and cut down one of the sacred

oaks.

=Eros= (Erʹos). The Greek god of love.

=Erostratus= (Erosʹtratus). The rascal who burnt the temple of Diana

at Ephesus, thereby hoping to make his name immortal.

=Erycina= (Erycʹina). A name of Venus, from Mount Eryx in Sicily.

=Erythreos= (Erythreʹos). The Grecian name of one of the horses of

Sol's chariot.

=Esculapius= (Esculaʹpius), see Aesculapius.

=Eta= (Eʹta), see Aeetes.

=Ethon= (Eʹthon), one of the horses who drew the chariot of Sol--the

sun. The word is Greek, and signifies hot.

=Etna= (Etʹna). A volcanic mountain, beneath which, according to

Virgil, there is buried the giant Typhon, who breathes forth devouring

flames.

=Eudromos= (Euʹdromos). The name of one of Actaeon's hounds.

=Eulalon= (Euʹlalon), one of the names of Apollo.

=Eumenides= (Eumeʹnides), a name of the Furies, meaning mild, and

referring to the time when they were approved by Minerva.

=Euphrosyne= (Euphroʹsyne), one of the three Graces, see Graces.

"Come, thou goddess fair and free,

In heaven ycleped Euphrosyne."

Milton.

=Eurus= (Euʹrus). The east wind. A son of Aeolus.

=Euryale= (Euryʹale) was one of the Gorgons, daughter of Phorcus and

Ceto.

=Eurydice= (Eurydʹice), wife of Orpheus, who was killed by a serpent

on her wedding night.

"Nor yet the golden verge of day begun.

When Orpheus (her unhappy lord),

Eurydice to life restored,

At once beheld, and lost, and was undone."

F. Lewis.

=Eurythion= (Eurythʹion). A seven-headed dragon. See Geryon.

=Euterpe= (Euʹterpe), one of the Muses, the patroness of instrumental

music. The word means agreeable.

=Euvyhe= (Euʹvyhe), an expression meaning "Well done, son." Jupiter

so frequently addressed his son Bacchus by those words that the phrase

at last became one of his names.

=Evening Star=, see Hesperus.

=Evil=, see Cacodaemon.

=Evils=, see Pandora.

=Eye=, of one, see Cyclops and Glaukopis.

=Fame= was a poetical deity, represented as having wings and blowing a

trumpet. A temple was dedicated to her by the Romans.

=Fate=, see Nereus.

=Fates=, or =Parcae=, were the three daughters of Necessity. Their

names were Clotho, who held the distaff; Lachesis, who turned the

spindle; and Atropos, who cut the thread with the fatal shears.

=Faun.= A rural divinity, half man and half goat. They were very

similar to the Satyrs. The Fauns attended the god Pan, and the Satyrs

attended Bacchus.

=Favonius= (Favoʹnius). The wind favorable to vegetation, that is,

Zephyr--the west wind.

"... Time will run

On smoother, till Favonius reinspire

The frozen earth, and clothe in fresh attire

The lily and the rose, that neither sowed nor spun."

Milton.

=Fays.=

"The yellow-skirted Fays

Fly after the night-steeds,

Leaving their moon-loved maze."

Milton.

=Feasts=, see Comus.

=Febris= (Feʹbris) (fever), one of the evil deities, was worshiped

that she might not do harm.

=Februus= (Febʹruus). A name of Pluto, from the part of the funeral

rites which consisted of purifications.

=Feronia= (Feroʹnia), the Roman goddess of orchards, was patroness of

enfranchised slaves. Some authors think Feronia is the same as Juno.

=Fertility=, see Lupercus.

=Festivals=, see Thalia.

=Fidelity=, see Iolaus.

=Fides= (Fiʹdes), the goddess of faith and honesty, and a temple in

the Capitol of Rome.

=Fine Arts=, see Minerva.

=Fire=, see Salamander, Vesta, and Vulcan.

=Fire Insurance=, see Canopus.

=Fisherman=, see Glaucus.

=Flath-innis= (Flathʹ-inʹnis), in Celtic mythology, is Paradise.

=Fleece, Golden=, see Golden Fleece, Argonauts, and Jason.

=Flies=, see Muscarius.

=Flocks=, see Pales (goddess of pastures).

=Flora= (Floʹra), goddess of flowers and gardens, was wife of

Zephyrus. She enjoyed perpetual youth. Her Grecian name was Chloris.

=Floralia= (Floraʹlia) were licentious games instituted in honor of

the goddess Flora.

=Flowers=, see Flora, Chloris, Hortensis, and Zephyrus.

=Flute=, see Marsyas.

=Fortuna= (Fortuʹna), the goddess of fortune, had a temple erected to

her by Servius Tullius. She was supposed to be able to bestow riches

or poverty on mankind, and was esteemed one of the most potent of the

ancient goddesses. She is usually represented as standing on a wheel,

with a bandage over her eyes, and holding a cornucopia.

=Fraud=, one of the evil deities, was represented as a goddess with a

human face and a serpent's body, and at the end of her tail was a

scorpion's sting. She lived in the river Cocytus, and nothing but her

head was ever seen.

=Freyr= (Freyʹr). The Scandinavian god of fertility and peace. The

patron god of Sweden and Iceland.

=Freyja= (Freyʹja). The Scandinavian Venus. The goddess of love.

=Friga= (Friʹga). The Saxon goddess of earthly enjoyments. The name

Friday is derived from her. In Scandinavian mythology she is the

goddess of marriage.

=Fro.= The Scandinavian god of tempests and winds.

=Frogs=, see Clowns of Lycia.

[Illustration: The Fates

_See page 54_]

=Fruits=, see Ceres, and Pomona.

=Funerals=, see Libitina, and Manes.

=Furies, The=, were the three daughters of Acheron and Nox. They were

the punishers of evil-doers. Their names were Tisiphone, Megaera, and

Alecto, and were supposed to personify rage, slaughter, and envy.

=Futurity=, see Cassandra.

=Gabriel= (Gaʹbriel), in Jewish mythology is the prince of fire and

thunder, and the angel of death to the favored people of God.

=Galataea= (Galataeʹa). A sea nymph. Polyphemus, one of the Cyclops,

loved her, but she disdained his attentions and became the lover of

Acis, a Sicilian shepherd.

=Gallantes= (Gallanʹtes), madmen, from Galli (which see).

=Galli= (Galʹli) were priests of Cybele who used to cut their arms

with knives when they sacrificed, and acted so like madmen that

demented people got the name of Gallantes.

=Ganesa= (Ganʹesa). The Indian Mercury. The god of wisdom and

prudence.

=Ganga.= One of the three Indian river goddesses.

=Ganymede=, a beautiful Phrygian youth, son of Tros, King of Troy. He

succeeded Hebe in the office of cup-bearer to Jupiter. He is generally

represented sitting on the back of a flying eagle.

=Gardens=, see Pomona (goddess of fruit-trees).

=Gates=, see Janus.

=Gautama= (Gauʹtama) (Buddha). The chief deity of Burmah.

=Genii= were domestic divinities. Every man was supposed to have two

of these genii accompanying him; one brought him happiness, the other

misery.

=Genitor= (Genʹitor). A Lycian name of Jupiter.

=Geometry=, see Mercury.

=Geryon= (Geʹryon) was a triple-bodied monster who lived at Gades,

where his numerous flocks were guarded by Orthos, a two-headed dog,

and by Eurythion, a seven-headed dragon. These guardians were

destroyed by Hercules, and the cattle taken away.

=Gimlet=, see Daedalus.

=Girdle=, see Cestus (Venus's).

=Glaucus= (Glauʹcus) was a fisherman who became a sea-god through

eating a sea-weed, which he thought invigorated the fishes and might

strengthen him.

=Glaukopis= (Glaukoʹpis). A name given to Minerva, because she had

blue eyes.

=Gnomes= (Gnoʹmes), a name given by Plato to the invisible deities who

were supposed to inhabit the earth.

=Gnossis= (Gnosʹsis), a name given to Ariadne, from the city of

Gnossus, in Crete.

=Goat=, see Iphigenia, Mendes, and Venus.

=Goat's Feet=, see Capripedes.

=Golden Apple=, see Atalanta.

=Golden Fleece, The=, was a ram's hide, sometimes described as white,

and at other times as purple and golden. It was given to Phryxus, who

carried it to Colchis, where King Aeetes entertained Phryxus, and the

hide was hung up in the grove of Mars. Jason and forty-nine companions

fetched back the golden fleece. See Argonauts.

=Gopya= (Gopyʹa). Indian mythological nymphs.

=Gorgons, The= (Gorʹgons), were three sisters, named Stheno, Euryale,

and Medusa. They petrified every one they looked at. Instead of hair

their heads were covered with vipers. Perseus conquered them, and cut

off the head of Medusa, which was placed on the shield of Minerva, and

all who fixed their eyes thereon were turned into stone.

=Graces, The=, were the attendants of Venus. Their names were, Aglaia,

so called from her beauty and goodness; Thalia, from her perpetual

freshness; and Euphrosyne, from her cheerfulness. They are generally

depicted as three cheerful maidens with hands joined, and either nude

or only wearing transparent robes--the idea being that kindnesses, as

personified by the Graces, should be done with sincerity and candor,

and without disguise. They were supposed to teach the duties of

gratitude and friendship, and they promoted love and harmony among

mankind.

=Graces= (fourth), see Pasithea.

=Gradivus= (Gradʹivus). A name given to Mars by the Romans. It meant

the warrior who defended the city against all external enemies.

=Gragus= (Graʹgus). The name by which Jupiter was worshiped in Lycia.

=Granaries=, see Tutelina.

=Grapsios= (Grapʹsios). A Lycian name of Jupiter.

=Grasshopper=, see Tithonus.

=Grief=, see Niobe.

=Hada= (Haʹda). The Babylonian Juno.

=Hades= (Haʹdes). The Greek name of Pluto, the god of hell, the word

signifying hidden, dark, and gloomy; the underworld, or infernal

regions; sometimes written _Ades_.

=Hailstorms=, see Nuriel.

=Halcyone= (Halcyʹone) (or =Alcyone=), one of the Pleiades, was a

daughter of Aeolus.

=Halcyons= (Halcyʹons) were sea birds, supposed to be the Greek

kingfishers. They made their nests on the waves, and during the period

of incubation the sea was always calm. Hence the modern term Halcyon

Days.

=Hamadryades= (Hamadryʹades) were wood-nymphs, who presided over

trees.

=Happiness=, see Genii.

=Haroeris= (Haroeʹris). The Egyptian god, whose eyes are the sun and

moon.

=Harpies, The= (Harʹpies), (literally, snatchers, demons of

destruction, or, in the modern sense, extortioners). They were

monsters, half-birds, half-maidens, having the heads and breasts of

women, the bodies of birds, and the claws of lions. Their names were

Aello, Ocypete, and Celeno. They were loathsome creatures, living in

filth, and poisoning everything they came in contact with.

"Such fiends to scourge mankind, so fierce, so fell,

Heaven never summoned from the depth of hell.

A virgin face, with wings and hookèd claws,

Death in their eyes, and famine in their jaws,

While proof to steel their hides and plumes remain

We strike the impenetrable fiends in vain."

=Harpikruti= (Harpiʹkruti). The Egyptian name of the god Harpocrates.

=Harpocrates= (Harpocʹrates), or Horus, an Egyptian god, son of Osiris

and Isis. He was the god of silence and secrecy. He is usually

represented as a young man, holding a finger of one hand to his lips

(expressive of a command to preserve silence), while in the other hand

he holds a cornucopia, signifying early vegetation.

=Harvest=, see Segetia. A Roman divinity, invoked by the husbandman

that the harvest might be plentiful.

=Hawk=, see Nysus.

=Hazis= (Haʹzis). The Syrian war-god.

=Health=, see Hygeia and Salus.

=Heaven=, =Queen of=, (Heaʹven) see Belisama. =God of=, see Coelus.

=Hebe= (Heʹbe), daughter of Zeus (Jupiter) and Hera (Juno), was the

goddess of youth. She was cup-bearer to Jupiter and the gods, until

she had an awkward fall at a festival, causing her to alight in an

indecent posture, which so displeased Jupiter that she was deprived of

her office, and Ganymede was appointed in her stead.

"Wreathed smiles,

Such as hung on Hebe's cheek,

And love to live in dimples sleek."

Milton.

"Bright Hebe waits; by Hebe ever young

The whirling wheels are to the chariot hung."

Pope.

=Hecate= (Hecʹate). There were two goddesses known by this name, but

the one generally referred to in modern literature is Hecate, or

Proserpine, the name by which Diana was known in the infernal regions.

In heaven her name was Luna, and her terrestrial name was Diana. She

was a moon-goddess, and is generally represented in art with three

bodies, standing back to back, a torch, a sword, and a lance in each

right hand.

=Hecuba= (Hecʹuba). The wife of Priam, king of Troy, and mother of

Paris. Taken captive in the Trojan war, she fell to the lot of Ulysses

after the destruction of Troy, and was afterwards changed into a

hound.

"What's Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba?"

Shakespeare.

=Heifer=, see Ino.

=Helena= (Helʹena) when a child was so beautiful that Theseus and

Perithous stole her, but she was restored by Castor and Pollux. She

became the wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta, but eloped with Paris,

and thus caused the Trojan War. After the death of Paris she married

Deiphobus, his brother, and then betrayed him to Menelaus. She was

afterward tied to a tree and strangled by order of Polyxo, king of

Rhodes.

=Heliades, The= (Heʹliades), were the daughters of Sol, and the

sisters of Phaeton, at whose death they were so sad that they stood

mourning till they became metamorphosed into poplar trees, and their

tears were turned into amber.

=Helicon= (Helʹicon). A mountain in Boeotia sacred to the Muses, from

which place the fountain Hippocrene flowed.

"Yet still the doting rhymer dreams,

And sings of Helicon's bright streams;

But Helicon for all his clatter

Yields only uninspiring water."

Broom, 1720.

=Heliconiades= (Helicoʹniades). A name given to the Muses, from Mount

Helicon.

=Heliopolis= (Heliopʹolis), in Egypt, was the city of the sun.

=Helios= (Heʹlios). The Grecian sun-god, or charioteer of the sun, who

went home every evening in a golden boat which had wings.

=Heliotrope= (Helʹiotrope). Clytie was turned into this flower by

Apollo. See Clytie.

=Helle= (Helʹle) was drowned in the sea, into which she fell from off

the back of the golden ram, on which she and Phryxus were escaping

from the oppression of their stepmother Ino. The episode gave the name

of the Hellespont to the part of the sea where Helle was drowned, and

it is now called the Dardanelles. She was the daughter of Athamas and

Nephele.

=Hellespontiacus= (Hellespontiaʹcus). A title of Priapus.

=Hemphta= (Hemphʹta). The Egyptian god Jupiter.

=Hephaestus= (Hephaesʹtus). The Greek Vulcan, the smith of the gods.

=Hera= (Heʹra). The Greek name of Juno.

=Heracles= (Herʹacles) is the same as Hercules.

=Hercules= (Herʹcules) was the son of Jupiter and Alcmena. The goddess

Juno hated him from his birth, and sent two serpents to kill him, but

though only eight months old he strangled them. As he got older he was

set by his master Eurystheus what were thought to be twelve impossible

tasks which have long been known as the "Twelve Labors of Hercules."

They were:

_First_, To slay the Nemean Lion.

_Second_, To destroy the Hydra which infested the marshes of Lerna.

_Third_, To bring to Eurystheus the Arcadian Stag with the golden

horns and brazen hoofs.

_Fourth_, To bring to his master the Boar of Erymanthus.

_Fifth_, To cleanse the stable of King Augeas, in which 3,000 oxen

had been kept for thirty years, but had never been cleaned out.

_Sixth_, To destroy the Stymphalides, terrible carnivorous birds.

_Seventh_, To capture the Bull which was desolating Crete.

_Eighth_, To capture the mares of Diomedes, which breathed fire from

their nostrils, and ate human flesh.

_Ninth_, To procure the girdle of Hippolyte, queen of the Amazons.

_Tenth_, To bring to Eurystheus the flesh-eating oxen of Geryon, the

monster king of Gades.

_Eleventh_, To bring away some of the golden apples from the garden of

the Hesperides.

_Twelfth_, To bring up from Hades the three-headed dog, Cerberus.

All these tasks he successfully accomplished, and, besides, he

assisted the gods in their wars with the giants. Several other

wonderful feats are mentioned under other headings, as Antaeus, Cacus,

etc. His death was brought about through his endeavors to preserve

Deianira from the attacks of Nessus, the centaur, whom he killed. The

centaur, before he expired, gave his mystic tunic to Deianira, who in

turn gave it to Hercules, and he put it on, but his doing so brought

on an illness of which he could not be cured. In a fit of desperation

he cast himself into a funeral pile on Mount Oeta; but Jupiter had

him taken to heaven in a four-horse chariot, and only the mortal part

of Hercules was consumed.

"Let Hercules himself do what he may,

The cat will mew, and dog will have his day."

Shakespeare.

=Herdsmen=, see Bubona.

=Hermae= (Herʹmae) were statues of Hermes (Mercury), which were set up

in Athens for boundaries, and as direction marks for travelers.

=Hermanubis= (Herʹmanuʹbis), see Anubis.

=Hermathenae= (Hermatheʹnae) were statues of Mercury and Minerva

placed together.

=Hermes= (Herʹmes). A Greek name of the god Mercury.

"Hermes obeys. With golden pinions binds

His flying feet and mounts the western winds."

Virgil.

=Hermione= (Hermiʹone), daughter of Mars and Venus, who was turned

into a serpent, and allowed to live in the Elysian Fields. There was

another Hermione, daughter of Menelaus and Helen; she was betrothed to

Orestes, but was carried away by Pyrrhus, the son of Achilles.

=Hero= (Heʹro). A priestess of Venus, with whom Leander was so

enamored that he swam across the Hellespont every night to visit her,

but at last was drowned; when Hero saw the fate of her lover she threw

herself into the sea and was also drowned.

=Heroes=, see Valhalla.

=Hesperides= (Hesperʹides). Three daughters of Hesperus, King of

Italy. They were appointed to guard the golden apples which Juno gave

Jupiter on their wedding day. See Hercules.

=Hesperus= (Hesʹperus), brother of Atlas, was changed into the evening

star.

"To the ocean now I fly,

And those happy climes that lie

Where day never shuts his eye,

Upon the broad fields of the sky:

There I suck the liquid air,

All amidst the gardens fair

Of Hesperus and his daughters three,

That sing about the golden tree."

Milton.

=Hestia= (Hesʹtia). The Greek name of Vesta, the goddess of the

hearth.

=Hieroglyphics= (Hieroglyʹphics), see Mercury.

=Highways=, see Janus.

=Hildur= (Hilʹdur). The Scandinavian Mars.

=Hippia= (Hipʹpia). A surname of Minerva.

=Hippius= (Hipʹpius). A surname of Neptune.

=Hippocampus= (Hippocamʹpus). The name of Neptune's favorite horse, a

fabulous marine animal, half horse and half fish.

=Hippocrenides= (Hippocreʹnides), a name of the Muses, from the

fountain of Hippocrene (the horse fountain), which was formed by a

kick of the winged horse Pegasus.

=Hippolyte= (Hippolʹyte), queen of the Amazons, daughter of Mars. Her

father gave her a famous girdle, which Hercules was required to

procure (see Hercules). She was conquered by Hercules, and given by

him in marriage to Theseus.

=Hippolytus= (Hippolʹytus) was the son of Theseus and Hippolyte; he

was killed by a fall from a chariot, but was raised to life again by

Diana, or, as some say, by Aesculapius.

=Hippona= (Hippoʹna) was a rural divinity, the goddess of horses.

=History=, see Clio and Saga.

=Honey=, see Aristaeus and Dryads.

=Hope=, see Pandora.

=Horae= (Hoʹrae) were the daughters of Sol and Chronis, the goddesses

of the seasons.

=Horse=, see Cyllaros.

=Horse Races=, see Neptune.

=Horses=, see Hippona.

=Hortensis= (Hortenʹsis), a name of Venus, because she looked after

plants and flowers in gardens.

=Horus= (Hoʹrus). The name of two deities, one Sol, the Egyptian day

god; the other, the son of Osiris and Isis. See Harpocrates.

=Hostilina= (Hostilʹina). A rural divinity; goddess of growing corn.

=Hunger=, see Erisichthon.

=Hunting=, see Diana.

=Huntsmen=, see Pan.

[Illustration: Hebe

_See page 62_]

=Hyacinthus= (Hyacinʹthus) was a boy greatly loved by Apollo; but he

was accidentally slain by him with a quoit. Apollo caused to spring

from his blood the flower Hyacinth.

=Hyades= (Hyʹades) were seven daughters of Atlas and Aethra, and they

formed a constellation which, when it rises with the sun, threatens

rain.

=Hydra= (Hyʹdra). A monster serpent, which had a hundred heads. It was

slain by Hercules. See Hercules.

=Hygeia= (Hygeʹia), the goddess of health, was a daughter of

Aesculapius and Epione. She was represented as a young woman giving a

serpent drink out of a saucer, the serpent being twined round her arm.

=Hylas= (Hyʹlas). A beautiful boy beloved by Hercules. The nymphs were

jealous of him, and spirited him away while he was drawing water for

Hercules. See Wm. Morris's tragedy, "The Life and Death of Jason."

=Hymen= (Hyʹmen), the Grecian god of marriage, was either the son of

Bacchus and Venus, or, as some say, of Apollo and one of the Muses. He

was represented as a handsome youth, holding in his hand a burning

torch.

"Some few there are of sordid mould

Who barter youth and bloom for gold:

But Hymen, gen'rous, just, and kind,

Abhors the mercenary mind;

Such rebels groan beneath his rod,

For Hymen's a vindictive god."

Dr. Cotton, 1736.

=Hymn=, see Paean.

=Hyperion= (Hypeʹrion). Son of Coelus and Terra. The model of manly

beauty, synonymous with Apollo. The personification of the sun.

"So excellent a king; that was to this

Hyperion to a satyr."

Shakespeare.

=Hypermnestra= (Hypermnesʹtra). One of the fifty daughters of Danaus,

who were collectively called the Danaides. She was the one who refused

to kill her husband on the wedding night. See Danaus.

=Iacchus= (Iacʹchus). Another name for Bacchus.

=Iapetos= (Iapʹetos). The father of Atlas. See Japetus.

=Iblees= (Ibʹlees). The Arabian Satan.

=Icarus= (Icʹarus), son of Daedalus, who with his father made

themselves wings with which to fly from Crete to escape the resentment

of Minos. The wings were fixed to the shoulders by wax. Icarus flew

too near the sun, and the heat melting the wax, caused the wings to

drop off, and he fell into the Aegean or Icarian sea and was drowned.

=Ichnobate= (Ichnobaʹte). One of Actaeon's hounds; the word means

tracker.

=Idaea= (Idaeʹa). A name of Cybele, from Mount Ida, where she was

worshiped.

=Idaean Mother= (Idaeʹan Mother). Cybele was sometimes so called, in

Cyprus, in which there is a grove sacred to Venus.

=Idalia= (Idaʹlia). A name of Venus, from Mount Idalus, in Cyprus, in

which there is a grove sacred to Venus.

=Imperator= (Imperaʹtor) was a name of Jupiter, given to him at

Praeneste.

=Inachus= (Iʹnachus) was one of the earliest of the demi-gods or

heroes, King of Argos.

=Incendiary=, see Erostratus.

=Incense=, see Venus.

=Incubus= (Inʹcubus). A Roman name of Pan, meaning The Nightmare. See

Innus.

=Indigetes= (Indigʹetes) were deified mortals, gods of the fourth

order. They were peculiar to some district.

=Indra= (Inʹdra). The Hindoo Jupiter; his wife was Indrant, who

presides over the winds and thunder.

=Infants=, see Natio.

=Innus= (Inʹnus). A name of Pan, the same as Incubus.

=Ino= (Inʹo), second wife of Athamas, King of Thebes, father of

Phryxus and Helle. Ino had two children, who could not ascend the

throne while Phryxus and Helle were alive. Ino therefore persecuted

them to such a degree that they determined to escape. They did so on a

ram, whose hide became the Golden Fleece (see Phryxus and Helle). Ino

destroyed herself, and was changed by Neptune into a sea-goddess.

=Inoa= (Inoʹa) were festivals in memory of Ino.

=Instrumental Music=, see Euterpe.

=Io= (Iʹo) was a daughter of Inachus, and a priestess of Juno at

Argos. Jupiter courted her, and was detected by Juno, when the god

turned Io into a beautiful heifer. Juno demanded the beast of Jupiter,

and set the hundred-eyed Argus to watch her. Jupiter persuaded Mercury

to destroy Argus, and Io was set at liberty, and restored to human

shape. Juno continued her persecutions, and Io had to wander from

place to place till she came to Egypt, where she became wife of King

Osiris, and won such good opinions from the Egyptians that after her

death she was worshiped as the goddess Isis.

=Iolaus= (Iolaʹus), son of Iphicles, assisted Hercules in conquering

the Hydra, by burning with hot irons the place where the heads were

cut off; and for his assistance he was restored to youth by Hebe.

Lovers used to go to his monument at Phocis and ratify their vows of

fidelity.

=Iothun= (Ioʹthun). Celtic mythological monsters, or giants.

=Iphicles= (Iphʹicles) was twin brother of Hercules, and father of

Iolaus.

=Iphigenia= (Iphigeniʹa) was a daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra.

Agamemnon made a vow to Diana, which involved the sacrifice of

Iphigenia, but just at the critical moment she was carried to heaven,

and a beautiful goat was found on the altar in her place.

=Iris= (Iʹris), daughter of Thaumas and Electra, was the attendant of

Juno, and one of the messengers of the gods. Her duty was to cut the

thread which detained expiring souls. She is the personification of

the rainbow.

=Iron=, see Vulcan.

=Isis= (Iʹsis), wife of Osiris, and a much worshiped divinity of the

Egyptians. See Io.

=Itys= (Iʹtys) was killed by his mother Procne when six years old, and

given to his father Tereus, a Thracian of Daulis, as food. The gods

were so enraged at this that they turned Itys into a pheasant, Procne

into a swallow, and Tereus into a hawk.

=Ixion= (Ixiʹon), the son of Phlegyas, King of the Lapithae. For

attempting to produce thunder, Jupiter cast him into hell, and had him

bound to a wheel, surrounded with serpents, which is forever turning

over a river of fire.

"The powers of vengeance, while they hear,

Touched with compassion, drop a tear;

Ixion's rapid wheel is bound,

Fixed in attention to the sound."

F. Lewis.

"Or, as Ixion fix'd, the wretch shall feel

The giddy motion of the whirling wheel."

Pope.

=Jani= (Jaʹni) was a place in Rome where there were three statues of

Janus, and it was a meeting-place for usurers and creditors.

=Janitor= (Jaʹnitor). A title of Janus, from the gates before the

doors of private houses being called Januae.

=Janus= (Jaʹnus). A king of Italy, said to have been the son of

Coelus, others say of Apollo; he sheltered Saturn when he was driven

from heaven by Jupiter. Janus presided over highways, gates, and

locks, and is usually represented with two faces, because he was

acquainted with the past and the future; or, according to others,

because he was taken for the sun, who opens the day at his rising, and

shuts it at his setting. A brazen temple was erected to him in Rome,

which was always open in time of war, and closed during peace.

"Old Janus, if you please,

Grave two-faced father."

"In two-faced Janus we this moral find,--

While we look forward, we should glance behind."

Colman.

=Japetus= (Japʹetus), son of Coelus and Terra, husband of Clymene. He

was looked upon by the Greeks as the father of all mankind. See

Iapetos.

=Jason= (Jaʹson), the son of Aeson, king of Iolcos; he was brought up

by the centaur Chiron. His uncle Aeeta sent him to fetch the Golden

Fleece from Colchis (see Argonauts). He went in the ship Argo with

forty-nine companions, the flower of Greek youth. With the help of

Juno they got safe to Colchis, but the King Aeetes promised to restore

the Golden Fleece only on condition that the Argonauts performed

certain services. Jason was to tame the wild fiery bulls, and to make

them plow the field of Mars; to sow in the ground the teeth of a

serpent, from which would spring armed men who would fight against him

who plowed the field of Mars; to kill the fiery dragon which guarded

the tree on which the Golden Fleece was hung. The fate of Jason and

the rest of the Argonauts seemed certain; but Medea, the king's

daughter, fell in love with Jason, and with the help of charms which

she gave him he overcame all the difficulties which the king had put

in his way. He took away the Golden Fleece and Medea also. The king

sent his son Absyrtus to overtake the fugitives, but Medea killed him,

and strewed his limbs in his father's path, so that he might be

delayed in collecting them, and this enabled Jason and Medea to

escape. After a time Jason got tired of Medea, and married Glauce,

which cruelty Medea revenged by killing her children before their

father's eyes. Jason was accidentally killed by a beam of the ship

Argo falling on him.

=Jocasta= (Jocasʹta) (otherwise Epicasta), wife of Laius, King of

Thebes, who in after-life married her own son, Oedipus, not knowing

who he was, and, on discovering the fatal mistake, hanged herself.

=Jove.= A very general name of Jupiter.

"From the great father of the gods above

My muse begins, for all is full of Jove."

Virgil.

=Judges in Hell, The=, were Rhadamanthus for Asiatics; Aeacus for

Europeans; Minos was the presiding judge in the infernal regions. See

Triptolemus.

=Jugatinus= (Jugatinʹus) was one of the nuptial deities.

=Juno= (Juʹno) was the daughter of Saturn and Ops, _alias_ Cybele. She

was married to Jupiter, and became queen of all the gods and

goddesses, and mistress of heaven and earth. Juno was the mother of

Mars, Vulcan, Hebe, and Lucina. She prompted the gods to conspire

against Jupiter, but the attempt was frustrated, and Apollo and

Neptune were banished from heaven by Jupiter. Juno is the goddess of

marriage, and the protectress of married women; and she had special

regard for virtuous women. In the competition for the celebrated

Golden Apple, which Juno, Venus, and Minerva each claimed as the

fairest among the goddesses, Juno was much displeased when Paris gave

the apple to Venus. The goddess is generally represented riding in a

chariot drawn by peacocks, with a diadem on her head, and a scepter in

her hand.

=Jupiter= (Juʹpiter), son of Saturn and Cybele (or Ops), was born on

Mount Ida, in Crete, and nourished by the goat Amalthaea. When quite

young Jupiter rescued his father from the Titans; and afterward, with

the help of Hercules, defeated the giants, the sons of earth, when

they made war against heaven. Jupiter was worshiped with great

solemnity under various names by most of the heathen nations. The

Africans called him Ammon; the Babylonians, Belus; and the Egyptians,

Osiris (see Jove). He is represented as a majestic personage seated on

a throne, holding in his hands a scepter and a thunderbolt; at his

feet stood a spread eagle.

=Justice=, see Astrea, Nemesis.

=Kali.= A Hindoo goddess, after whom Calicut is named.

=Kaloc= (Kaʹloc). One of the chief of the Mexican gods.

=Kama= (Kamʹa). The Hindoo god of love.

=Kebla= (Kebʹla). The point of the compass which worshipers look to

during their invocations. Thus the Sol or Sun worshipers turn to the

east, where the sun rises, and the Mohammedans turn toward Mecca.

=Kederli= (Keʹderli), in Mohammedan mythology, is a god corresponding

to the English St. George, and is still invoked by the Turks when they

go to war.

=Kiun= (Kiʹun). The Egyptian Venus.

=Kneph.= An Egyptian god, having a ram's head and a man's body.

=Krishna= (Krishʹna). An Indian god, the revenger of wrongs; also

called the Indian Apollo.

=Krodo= (Kroʹdo). The Saxon Saturn.

=Kumara= (Kuʹmaʹra). The war-god of the Hindoos.

=Kuvera= (Kuʹvera). The Hindoo god of riches.

=Labe= (Laʹbe). The Arabian Circe, who had unlimited power of

metamorphosis.

=Labor= (Labʹor), see Atlas, Hercules.

=Labyrinth=, see Theseus.

=Lachesis= (Lachʹesis). One of the three goddesses of Fate, the

Parcae. She spun the thread of life.

=Lacinia= (Lacinʹia). A name of Juno.

=Lactura.= One of the goddesses of growing corn.

=Ladon= (Laʹdon). The dragon which guarded the apples in the garden of

the Hesperides. Also the name of one of Actaeon's hounds. Also the

river in Arcadia to which Syrinx fled when pursued by Pan, where she

was changed into a reed, and where Pan made his first pipe.

=Laelaps= (Laeʹlaps). One of Diana's hunting-dogs, which, while

pursuing a wild boar, was petrified. Also the name of one of Actaeon's

hounds.

=Laksmi= (Laksʹmi) Hindoo goddess of wealth and pleasure. One of the

husbands of Vishnu.

=Lamentation=, see Cocytus.

=Lamia= (Lamʹia). An evil deity among the Greeks and Romans, and the

great dread of their children, whom she had the credit of constantly

enticing away and destroying.

=Lamp=, see Lares and Penates.

=Lampos= (Lamʹpos). One of Aurora's chariot horses, the other being

Phaeton.

=Laocoon= (Laocʹoon). One of the priests of Apollo, who was, with his

two sons, strangled to death by serpents, because he opposed the

admission of the fatal wooden horse to Troy.

=Laomedon= (Laomʹedon), son of Ilus, a Trojan king. He was famous for

having, with the assistance of Apollo and Neptune, built the walls of

Troy.

=Lapis= (Lapʹis). The oath stone. The Romans used to swear by Jupiter

Lapis.

=Lapithus= (Lapʹithus), son of Apollo. His numerous children were

called Lapithae, and they are notorious for their fight with the

centaurs at the nuptial feast of Perithous and Hippodamia.