lane.* 4. Great Windmill street.* 5. High Holborn.* 6. King street,
Covent Garden.* 7. Pye corner.* 8. In the Strand.* 9. Turn again lane.*
QUEEN’S HEAD _yard_, 1. Gray’s Inn lane, Holborn.* 2. White Horse street.*
QUEEN’S LIBRARY, a handsome building erected by that learned Princess her
late Majesty Queen Caroline, into which books were put in the month of
October 1737. This is a very noble room, furnished with a choice
collection of modern books in several languages, consisting of about
4500, finely bound, and placed in great order, with brass net-work
before them. _Maitland._
QUEEN’S _square_, 1. St. James’s Park. 2. Little Bartholomew close. 3.
Ormond street, by Red Lion street, Holborn. This, as a late writer
justly observes, is an area of a peculiar kind, it being left open on
one side for the sake of the beautiful landscape formed by the hills of
Highgate and Hampstead, together with the adjacent fields. A delicacy
worthy, as it is an advantage to the inhabitants, and a beauty even with
regard to the square itself.
QUEEN’S SQUARE _street_, Long Ditch, Westminster.
QUEEN _street_. Many of these streets were thus named after the
restoration, in honour of the royal family. 1. Bloomsbury. 2. Opposite
King street in Cheapside; this street was widened, and had its name
changed to Queen street, by act of Parliament, after the fire of London.
3. Great Russel street, Bloomsbury. 4. Great Windmill street. 5. Hog
lane, St. Giles’s. 6. Hoxton. 7. Long Ditch, Westminster. 8. In the
Mint, Southwark. 9. Moorfields. 10. Near New Gravel lane, Shadwell. 11.
Old Paradise street, Rotherhith. 12. Oxford street. 13. In the Park,
Southwark. 14. Ratcliff. 15. Redcross street, Southwark. 16. Rosemary
lane. 17. Rotherhith. 18. Seven Dials. 19. Soho square. 20. Tower hill.
21. Mews, Great Queen street.
QUICKAPPLE’S _alley_, Bishopsgate street without.†
QUIET _row_, Red Lion street.
[Illustration]
R.
RACKET _court_, Fleet street.
RAG _alley_, Golden lane, Redcross street.
RAG FAIR, 1. East Smithfield. 2. Rosemary lane. Here old cloaths are sold
every day, by multitudes of people standing in the streets; there is
here a place called the ‘Change, where all the shops sell old cloaths:
it is remarkable that many of the old cloaths shops in Rosemary lane,
where this daily market is kept, deal for several thousand pounds a
year.
RAG _street_, Hockley in the hole.
RAGDALE _court_, Millman street, near Red Lion street, Holborn.
RAGGED _row_, Goswell street.‖
RAGGED STAFF _alley_, Fleet street.*
RAGGED STAFF _court_, Drury lane.*
RAINDEER _court_, in the Strand.*
RAINE’S _Hospital_, in Fowden Fields in the parish of St. George, Ratcliff
Highway, a handsome building erected by Mr. Henry Raine, brewer, in the
year 1737, who endowed it by a deed of gift with a perpetual annuity of
240_l._ _per annum_, and added the sum of 4000_l._ in South sea
annuities, amounting to about 4400_l._ to be laid out in a purchase.
The children of this hospital, which contains forty-eight girls, are
taken out of a parish school almost contiguous to it, erected in the
year 1719, by the above Mr. Raine, at the expence of about 2000_l._ and
he likewise endowed it with a perpetual annuity of 60_l._
The children are supplied with all the necessaries of life, and taught
to read, write, sew, and household work, to qualify them for service, to
which they are put, after having been three years upon the foundation.
_Maitland._
RALPH’S _key_, Thames street.
RAM _alley_, 1. Cock lane.* 2. Cow Cross, Smithfield.* 3. St. John’s
street, Spitalfields.* 4. Rotherhith Wall.* 5. Wright street,
Rotherhith.*
RAM’S HEAD _court_, Moor lane, Fore street, Moorgate.*
RAMSAY’S _Almshouse_, in Horns yard, Cloth Fair, was founded by Dame Mary
Ramsey, relict of Mr. Thomas Ramsey, some time Lord Mayor, about the
year 1596, for three poor women, who formerly received coals and
cloaths; but at present only 2_s._ _per_ week each. _Maitland._
RAMPANT LION _yard_, Nightingale lane.*
RANDAL _alley_, Rotherhith Wall.†
[Illustration:
_View of Ranelagh._
_S. Wale delin._ _B. Green sc. Oxon._
]
RANELAGH GARDENS, at Chelsea; so called from their formerly belonging to
the Earl of Ranelagh. This is one of those public places of pleasure
which is not to be equalled in Europe, and is the resort of people of
the first quality. Though its gardens are beautiful, it is more to be
admired for the amphitheatre. This is a circular building, the external
diameter is 185 feet, round the whole is an arcade, and over that a
gallery with a balustrade (to admit the company into the upper boxes)
except where the entrances break the continuity. Over this are the
windows (as may be seen in the print) and it terminates with the roof.
The internal diameter is 150 feet, and the architecture of the inside
corresponds with the outside, except that over every column, between the
windows, termini support the roof. In the middle of the area, where the
orchestra was at first designed, is a chimney having four faces. This
makes it warm and comfortable in bad weather. The orchestra fills up the
place of one of the entrances. The entertainment consists of a fine band
of music with an organ, accompanied by the best voices. The regale is
tea and coffee.
RANGER’S _yard_, York street, Jermain street.†
RAT _alley_, Great Eastcheap.*
RATCLIFF, by Upper Shadwell.
RATCLIFF SCHOOL, was founded by Nicholas Gibson, Sheriff of this city, in
the year 1537, for the education of sixty poor children; the master had
a salary of 10_l._ and the usher 6_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ _per annum_, at that
time very considerable sums: at present the master has 23_l._ 6_s._
8_d._ and the usher 9_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ a year. This house belonging to
the adjoining almshouses, is under the management of the Coopers
company. _Maitland._
RATCLIFF _cross_, Ratcliff.
RATCLIFF _highway_, near Upper Shadwell.
RATCLIFF HIGHWAY _street_, Shadwell.
RATCLIFF _row_, near Old Street.†
RATCLIFF _square_, Ratcliff.†
RATHBONE _place_, Oxford street.
RAY’S _court_, Cross lane, Lukener’s lane.†
READ’S _rents_, Long lane, Smithfield.†
REBECCA’S _yard_, East Smithfield.
REBEL’S _row_, near St. George’s church, Southwark.
RECKMAN’S _rents_, Limehouse bridge.†
RECORD OFFICE, in the Tower, is kept in Wakefield’s Tower, which joins to
the Bloody Tower, near Traitor’s Gate; and consists of three rooms one
above another, and a large round room where the rolls are kept. These
are all handsomely wainscoted, the wainscot being framed into presses
round each room, within which are shelves, and repositories for the
records; and for the easier finding of them, the year of each reign is
inscribed on the inside of these presses, and the records placed
accordingly.
Within these presses, which amount to fifty-six in number, are deposited
all the rolls from the first year of the reign of King John, to the
beginning of the reign of Richard III. but those after this last period
are kept in the Rolls chapel. See ROLLS _Office_.
The records in the Tower, among other things, contain, the foundation of
abbies, and other religious houses; the ancient tenures of all the lands
in England, with a survey of the manors; the original of our laws and
statutes; proceedings of the courts of common law and equity; the rights
of England to the dominion of the British seas; leagues and treaties
with foreign Princes; the achievements of England in foreign wars; the
settlement of Ireland, as to law and dominion; the forms of submission
of the Scottish Kings; ancient grants of our Kings to their subjects;
privileges and immunities granted to cities and corporations during the
period abovementioned; enrollments of charters and deeds made before the
conquest; the bounds of all the forests in England, with the several
respective rights of the inhabitants to common of pasture, and many
other important records, all regularly disposed, and referred to in near
a thousand folio indexes. _Chamberlain’s Present State._ _Strype’s
Stowe._
This office is kept open, and attendance constantly given, from seven
o’clock till one, except in the months of December, January, and
February, when it is open only from eight to one, except on Sundays and
holidays. A search here is half a guinea, for which you may peruse any
one subject a year.
RECORDER _of London_. This officer ought always to be a learned Lawyer,
well versed in the customs of the city. He is not only the chief
Assistant to the Lord Mayor in matters of law and justice; but takes
place in councils and in courts before any man that hath not been Lord
Mayor: he speaks in the name of the City upon extraordinary occasions;
usually reads and presents their addresses to the King; and when seated
upon the bench delivers the sentence of the court. _Maitland._
RED BULL _alley_, 1. Kent street, Southwark.* 2. St. Olave’s street,
Southwark.* 3. Thames street.*
RED BULL _court_, 1. Fore street, Cripplegate.* 2. Red Bull alley.*
RED BULL _yard_, 1. Ailesbury street, St. John’s street, Clerkenwell.* 2.
Islington.*
RED COW _alley_, 1. Church lane, Rag Fair.* 2. Old street.*
RED COW _court_, 1. Church lane, Caple street.* 2. Rotherhithe Wall.*
RED COW _lane_, Mile-end turnpike.*
REDCROSS _alley_, 1. Jewin street, Redcross street. 2. By London Bridge.
3. Long Ditch, Westminster. 4. St. Margaret’s hill, Southwark. 5. Old
street. 6. Redcross street, in the Mint.
REDCROSS _court_, 1. Cow lane. 2. In the Minories. 3. Old Bailey. 4. Tower
street.
REDCROSS STREET LIBRARY. See _Dr._ WILLIAMS’S LIBRARY.
REDCROSS _square_, Jewin street.
REDCROSS _street_, 1. Extends from Cripplegate to Barbican: at the upper
end of this street, opposite the west end of Beach lane, stood a red
cross, which gave name to this street. _Maitland._ 2. Nightingale lane,
East Smithfield. 3. In the Park, Southwark.
REDCROSS STREET SCHOOL, was founded in the year 1709, by Dame Eleanor
Hollis, who endowed it with 62_l._ 3_s._ _per annum_, in ground rents;
for the education of fifty poor girls; but by additional benefactions
the revenue is increased to 80_l._ 2_s._ 8_d._ a year.
This school being kept in the same house with that of the parish boys of
St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, it is generally taken for the parish girls
charity school.
RED GATE _court_, in the Minories.
RED HART _court_, Fore street, Cripplegate.*
REDHILL’S _rents_, Vine street.†
RED HORSE _yard_, Glasshouse yard.*
RED LION _alley_, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.* 2. St. Catharine’s, Tower
hill.* 3. Cow Cross, Smithfield.* 4. St. John’s street, Smithfield.* 5.
St. Margaret’s hill, Southwark.* 6. In the Minories.* 7. Peter’s street,
St. John’s street, Westminster.* 8. Thames street.* 9. Tower Ditch.* 10.
Whitechapel.*
RED LION _back court_, Charterhouse lane.*
RED LION _court_, 1. Addle hill, by Thames street.* 2. Barnaby street,
Southwark.* 3. Bennet’s hill, Thames street.* 4. Bennet’s street,
Southwark.* 5. Brick lane.* 6. St. Catharine’s lane.* 7. Castle yard,
Holborn.* 8. Charterhouse lane, by Charterhouse square.* 9. Cock lane,
Snow hill.* 10. Drury lane.* 11. Fleet street.* 12. Grub street.* 13.
Holiwell lane.* 14. Kingsland road.* 15. London Wall.* 16. Long Acre.*
17. Red Lion alley, St. Margaret’s hill.* 18. Red Lion street,
Spitalfields.* 19. Long alley, Moor fields.* 20. Silver street,
Cripplegate.* 21. Watling street, St. Paul’s church yard.* 22. Wheeler
street, Spitalfields.* 23. White Hart yard.* 24. Windmill hill.*
RED LION _inn yard_, Bishopsgate street.*
RED LION _market_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
RED LION MARKET _passage_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
RED LION _mews_, Cavendish street.*
RED LION _passage_, Fetter lane.*
RED LION _square_, by Red Lion street, Holborn. A handsome square, adorned
with a lofty obelisk placed upon a pedestal in the center.
RED LION _street_, 1. In the Borough.* 2. A very neat well-built street,
leading to Clerkenwell.* 3. St. George’s Fields.* 4. High Holborn.* 5.
Spitalfields market.* 6. Wapping.* 7. Whitechapel.*
RED LION _yard_, 1. Cavendish street.* 2. Church street, Lambeth.* 3.
Great Warner’s street.* 4. Houndsditch.* 5. Long lane, Smithfield.* 6.
Long Acre.* 7. Lower Shadwell.* 8. Red Lion street.* 9. Star street,
Clerkenwell.*
RED MAID _lane_, near the Hermitage.*
RED ROSE _alley_, Whitecross street, Old street.*
RED WOOD _alley_, near Skinner’s street, Bishopsgate street without.
REDDISH _row_, Red Maid lane, Wapping.
REEVE’S _mews_, Audley street.†
REGISTER’S OFFICE _in Chancery_, Symond’s Inn, Chancery lane.
REGISTER OFFICE _of Deeds_, for the county of Middlesex, Bell yard, Fleet
street.
_City_ REMEMBRANCER, an officer who on certain days attends the Lord
Mayor. His business is to put his Lordship in mind of the select days
when he is to go abroad with the Aldermen, &c. and to attend the
parliament house during the sessions, in order to make a report to the
Lord Mayor of what passes there.
_The King’s_ REMEMBRANCER’S OFFICE, in the Inner Temple. An office
belonging to the court of Exchequer, in which there are eight sworn
Clerks, two of whom are Secondaries.
Here are entered the state of all the accounts relating to the King’s
revenue, for customs, excise, subsidies: all aids granted to the King in
Parliament; and every thing relating to his Majesty’s revenue, whether
certain or casual: all securities, either by bonds or recognizances,
given to the King by accountants and officers: all proceedings upon any
statute by information for customs, excise, or any other penal law: all
proceedings upon the said bonds or recognizances, or any other bonds
taken in the King’s name, by officers appointed for that purpose under
the great seal of England, and transmitted hither for recovery thereof,
are properly in this office, from whence issue forth process to cause
all accountants to come in and account; For there being a court of
equity in the court of Exchequer, all proceedings relating to it are in
this office. _Chamberlain’s Present State._
_The Lord Treasurers_ REMEMBRANCER’S OFFICE, also belongs to the court of
Exchequer. In this office process is made against all Sheriffs,
Receivers, Bailiffs, &c. for their accounts, and many other things of
moment, as estreats, rules, &c. All charters and letters patent, upon
which any rents are referred to the King, are transcribed, and sent into
this office by the Clerk of the petty bag, in order to be transmitted to
the Clerk of the pipe, that process may be made to recover the money by
the Comptroller of the pipe. Out of this office process is likewise made
to levy the King’s fee farm rents, &c.
In short, when the Auditors of the revenue have made schedules of such
arrears, and transmitted them to the Remembrancer, the state of all
imprest accounts, and all other accounts whatsoever, are entered in this
office, as well as in that of the King’s Remembrancer. Both this and the
other office are in the King’s gift. _Chamberlain’s Present State._
_Court of_ REQUESTS. See _Court of_ CONSCIENCE.
REYGATE, a large market town in Surry, situated in the valley of
Holmsdale, twenty-four miles from London, and surrounded on each side
with hills. It is an ancient borough, and had a castle, built by the
Saxons, on the east side of the town, some ruins of which are still to
be seen, particularly a long vault with a room at the end, large enough
to hold 500 persons, where the Barons who took up arms against King John
are said to have had their private meetings. Its market house was once a
chapel dedicated to Thomas Becket. The neighbourhood abounds with
fullers earth and medicinal plants.
On the south side of the town is a large house, formerly a priory: it
belongs to the late Mr. Parsons’s family, and is beautified with
plantations, and a large piece of water. It has two rooms, each fifty
feet long, and of a proportionable breadth; but the ceilings are much
too low. The house and gardens are on every side surrounded with hills,
so as to render the prospect very romantic.
In this town the late celebrated Lord Shaftesbury had an house, to which
he retired to seclude himself from company. It is now in the possession
of a private gentleman, who has laid out and planted a small spot of
ground, in so many parts, as to comprise whatever can be supposed in the
most noble seats. It may properly be called a model, and is called by
the inhabitants of Reygate, _The world in one acre_.
RHODES _yard_, Bishopsgate street.†
RICHARD’S _court_, Lime street, Leadenhall street.†
RICHBELL _court_, Red Lion street, Holborn.†
RICHMOND, a village in Surry, twelve miles from London. This is reckoned
the finest village in the British dominions, and has therefore been
termed the _Frescati_ of England. It was anciently the seat of our
Monarchs, and the palace from its splendor was called _Shene_, which in
the Saxon tongue signifies bright or shining; Here King Edward III. died
of grief for the loss of his heroic son Edward the Black Prince; and
here died Anne the wife of Richard II. who first taught the English
women the use of the side saddle; for before her time they were used to
ride astride; Richard, however, was so afflicted at her death, that it
gave him such a dislike to the place where it happened, that he defaced
the fine palace; but it was repaired and beautified afresh by King Henry
V. who also founded near it three religious houses. In the year 1497,
this palace was destroyed by fire, when King Henry VII. was there; but
in 1501 that Prince caused it to be new built, and commanded that the
village should be called Richmond; he having borne the title of Earl of
Richmond, before he obtained the crown by the defeat and death of
Richard III. Henry VII. died here; and here also his grand-daughter
Queen Elizabeth breathed her last. On the ground where formerly stood a
part of the old palace, the Earl of Cholmondeley has a seat, as has also
Mr. Wray.
The present palace, which is finely situated, is a very plain edifice
built by the Duke of Ormond, who received a grant of a considerable
space of land about Richmond, from King William III. as a reward for his
military services; but it devolved to the Crown on that Duke’s
attainder, in the beginning of the reign of King George I. and this
house was by his present Majesty confirmed to the late Queen Caroline,
in case she became Queen Dowager of England.
His Majesty took great delight here, and made several improvements in
the palace, while her Majesty amused herself at her royal dairy house,
Merlin’s cave, the Hermitage, and the other improvements which she made
in the park and gardens of this delightful retreat.
Though the palace is unsuitable to the dignity of a King of England, the
gardens are extremely fine, without offering a violence to nature; and
Pope’s advice with respect to planting, may be considered as a very
accurate description of the beauties to be found here.
To build, to plant, whatever you intend,
To rear the column, or the arch to bend;
To swell the terrace, or to sink the grot,
In all let Nature never be forgot:
Consult the genius of the place in all,
That tells the waters or to rise or fall;
Or helps th’ ambitious hill the heav’ns to scale,
Or scoops in circling theatres the vale;
Calls in the country, catches op’ning glades,
Joins willing woods, and varies shades from shades;
Now breaks, or now directs th’intending lines;
Paints as you plant, and as you work, designs.
In short, almost every thing here has an agreeable wildness, and a
pleasing irregularity, that cannot fail to charm all who are in love
with nature, and afford a much higher and more lasting satisfaction than
the stiff decorations of art, where the artist loses sight of nature
which alone ought to direct his hand.
On entering these rural walks, you are conducted to the dairy, a neat
but low brick building, to which there is an ascent by a flight of
steps; in the front is a handsome angular pediment. The walls on the
inside are covered with stucco, and the house is furnished suitably to a
royal dairy, the utensils for the milk being of the most beautiful
china.
Passing by the side of a canal, and thro’ a grove of trees, the temple
presents itself to view, situated on a mount. It is a circular dome
crowned with a ball, and supported by Tuscan columns, with a circular
altar in the middle, and to this temple there is an ascent by very steep
slopes.
Returning by the dairy, and crossing the gravel walk, which leads from
the palace to the river, you come to a wood, which you enter by a walk
terminated by the Queen’s pavilion, a neat elegant structure, wherein is
seen a beautiful chimney-piece, taken from a design in the addition to
Palladio, and a model of a palace intended to be built in this place.
In another part of the wood is the Duke’s summer house, which has a
lofty arched entrance, and the roof rising to a point is terminated by a
ball.
On leaving the wood you come to the summer house on the terrace, a light
small building with very large and lofty windows, to give a better view
of the country, and particularly of that noble seat called Sion house.
In this edifice are two good pictures, representing the taking of Vigo
by the Duke of Ormond.
Passing through a labyrinth, you see, near a pond, Merlin’s cave, a
Gothic building thatched; within which are the following figures in wax,
Merlin, an ancient British enchanter; the excellent and learned Queen
Elizabeth, and a Queen of the Amazons; here is also a library consisting
of a well chosen collection of the works of modern authors neatly bound
in vellum.
On leaving this edifice, which has an antique and venerable appearance,
you come to a large oval of above 500 feet in diameter, called the
Forest oval, and turning from hence you have a view of the Hermitage, a
grotesque building, which seems as if it had stood many hundred years,
though it was built by order of her late Majesty. It has three arched
doors, and the middle part which projects forward, is adorned with a
kind of ruinous angular pediment; the stones of the whole edifice appear
as if rudely laid together, and the venerable look of the whole is
improved by the thickness of the solemn grove behind, and the little
turret on the top with a bell, to which you may ascend by a winding
walk. The inside is in the form of an octagon with niches, in which are
the busts of the following truly great men, who by their writings were
an honour not only to their country, but to human nature. The first on
the right hand is the incomparable Sir Isaac Newton, and next to him the
justly celebrated Mr. John Locke. The first on the left hand is Mr.
Woolaston, the author of The Religion of Nature displayed; next to him
is the reverend and learned Dr. Samuel Clarke, and in a kind of alcove
is the truly honourable Mr. Robert Boyle.
Leaving this seat of contemplation, you pass through fields cloathed
with grass; through corn fields, and a wild ground interspersed with
broom and furze, which afford excellent shelter for hares and pheasants,
and here there are great numbers of the latter very tame. From this
pleasing variety, in which nature appears in all her forms of
cultivation and barren wildness, you come to an amphitheatre formed by
young elms, and a diagonal wilderness, through which you pass to the
forest walk, which extends about half a mile, and then passing through a
small wilderness, you leave the gardens.
At the extremity of the garden on the north east, is another house that
belonged to her Majesty, and near it the house of his late Royal
Highness Frederic Prince of Wales, which is on the inside adorned with
stucco. Opposite the Prince’s house is the Princess Amelia’s, built by a
Dutch architect, the outside of which is painted.
To the west of the gardens are seen the fine houses of several of the
nobility and gentry, particularly the Lady Buckworth’s, and Mr.
Geoffrey’s, and extending the view across the Thames, there appears
Isleworth.