exceeding one hundred English miles, and so back again. Single 4_d._
All letters and packets from New York aforesaid, to Newport the chief
town in Rhode Island, and Providence Plantation in New England, and to
Boston, the chief town in Massachusett’s bay, in New England aforesaid;
and to Portsmouth, the chief town in New Hampshire, in New England
aforesaid; and to Annapolis, the chief town in Maryland, and from every
of those places to New York. Single 1_s._
All letters and packets from Newport, Boston, Portsmouth, and Annapolis
aforesaid, to any place not exceeding sixty English miles, and thence
back again. Single 4_d._
All letters and packets from Newport, Boston, Portsmouth, and Annapolis
aforesaid, to any place not exceeding one hundred English miles, and
thence back again. Single 6_d._
All letters and packets from New York aforesaid, to the chief offices in
Salem and Ipswich, and to the chief office in Piscataway, and to
Williamsburgh, the chief office in Virginia, and from every of those
places to New York. Single 1_s._ 3_d._
All letters and packets from the chief offices in Salem, Ipswich, and
Piscataway, and Williamsburgh aforesaid, to any place not exceeding
sixty English miles, and thence back again. Single 4_d._
All letters and packets from the chief offices in Salem, Ipswich,
Piscataway, and Williamsburgh aforesaid, not exceeding one hundred
English miles, and thence back again. Single 6_d._
All letters and packets from New York aforesaid, to Charles Town, the
chief town in North and South Carolina, and from Charles Town aforesaid
to New York. Single 1_s._ 6_d._
All letters and packets from Charles Town aforesaid, to any place not
exceeding sixty English miles, and thence back again. Single 4_d._
All letters and packets from Charles Town aforesaid, to any place not
exceeding one hundred English miles, and thence back again. Single 6_d._
_Post letters may be sent from London every night to_
Abingdon
Ampthill
Ashburton
Attleborough
Bath
Beccles
Beconsfield
Birmingham
Bridgewater
Bristol
Bromsgrove
Burntwood
Bury St. Edmunds
Cambridge
Campden
Canterbury
Chatham
Chelmsford
Chertsey
Chester
Chipping Norton
Cirencester
Claremont
Cobham
Colchester
Croydon
Darking
Dartford
Deal
Derby
Dover
Enfield
Epsom
Esher in Surry
Evesham
Exeter
Faringdon
Feversham
Gerard’s Cross
Gloucester
Gravesend
Grays
Guildford
Ham in Surry
Hampton Court
Hampton Town
Hamwick in Surry
Hanworth
Harborough
Hertford
High Wickham
Ingateston
Ipswich
Isleworth
Kelvedon
Kingston
Kingston Wick
Lalam
Leatherhead
Leicester
Littleton
Liverpool
Loughborough
Lowstoff
Lynn
Maidstone
Manchester
Middlewich
Moulsey in Surry
Namptwich
Newmarket
Newport Pagnell
Northampton
Northwich
Norwich
Nottingham
Oxford
Petersham
Plymouth
Portsmouth
Prescot
Queenborough
Richmond
Ripley
Rochester
Royston
Rumford
Sandwich
Saxmundham
Shepperton
Shiffnal
Shrewsbury
Sittingbourn
Southall
Stafford
Stoke in Norfolk
Stone
Sunbury
Taunton
Teddington
Thame
Thames Ditton
Thanet
Thetford
Tiverton
Twickenham
Uxbridge
Walsall
Walton
Warrington
Wellington
Wells
Weybridge
Windham in Norfolk
Windsor
Wingham in Kent
Witham
Witton
Wolverhampton
Woodburn
Worcester
Yarmouth
Tunbridge bag every night from Midsummer to Michaelmas only
Bags for the following towns are dispatched Mondays, Tuesdays,
Thursdays, and Saturdays; and the returns are delivered Mondays,
Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays; Arundel, Brighthelmston,
Chichester, East Grinstead, Godalmin, Haslemere, Lewes, Midhurst,
Petworth, Ryegate, Steyning, Shoreham.
On Mondays.] To France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Flanders, Sweden,
Denmark.
On Tuesdays.] To Holland, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Scotland,
and all parts of England and Wales.
N.B. One Tuesday the packet goes to Lisbon, and the next Tuesday to the
Groyn, and so on.
On Thursdays.] To France, Spain, Italy, and all parts of England and
Scotland.
On Fridays.] To Flanders, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Holland.
On Saturdays.] To all parts of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland.
Letters are returned from all parts of England and Scotland certainly,
every Monday, Wednesday and Friday; and from Wales every Monday and
Friday. But their coming from foreign parts is more uncertain on account
of the seas.
POST OFFICE _court_, a small but neat court in Lombard street, in which is
the post office.
POSTERN _passage_, Shoemaker row.
POSTERN, Bakers row.
POSTERN GATE, an ancient gate which stood at the east end of Postern row
on Tower hill. It was erected soon after the Conquest in a beautiful
manner with stones brought from Kent and Normandy, for the convenience
of the neighbouring inhabitants, both within and without the walls; but
in the second year of the reign of Richard I. William Longchamp, Bishop
of Ely, and Chancellor of England, having resolved to enlarge and
strengthen the Tower of London with an additional fortification, he
caused a part of the city wall, which extended about 300 feet from the
Tower to this gate, to be taken down, in order to make way for a strong
wall and a spacious ditch: by which means the postern being deprived of
its support on that side, fell down in the year 1440. It was afterwards
replaced by a mean building of timber, laths and loam, with a narrow
passage; but this also decayed, and has been many years removed quite
away; nothing remaining at present to preserve the name, but a few posts
to guard a narrow foot way from the encroachments of horses and
carriages.
A little to the south of the place where the gate stood, is a descent by
several stone steps to an excellent spring, much admired, which is still
called the Postern Spring.
POSTERN _row_, a row of houses on Tower hill, leading from the place where
the postern gate formerly stood.
POTTERS _fields_, 1. Back lane, Southwark. 2. Pickleherring lane.
POTTLEPOT _alley_, St. Catharine’s by the Tower.*
POVERTY _lane_, Brook street.‖
POULTNEY _court_, Cambridge street.
POULTON’S _court_, near Broad street.†
POULTERERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by Henry VII.
in the year 1504.
They have a Master, two Wardens, twenty-three Assistants, and a livery
of an hundred and six members, who on their admission pay a fine of
20_l._ but they have no hall.
POULTRY, a street which extends from the Mansion house to Cheapside, and
was so denominated from the Poulterers stalls which anciently extended
along that street from Stocks market. _Maitland._ See SCALDING _alley_.
POULTRY COMPTER, one of the city prisons, so denominated from its use and
situation: for this prison belonging to one of the Sheriffs, Maitland
supposes, might possibly be named the Compter, from the prisoners being
obliged to account for the cause of their commitment before their
discharge: and the addition of Poultry is added from its situation in
that street, to distinguish it from the Compter in Wood street.
For an account of the several officers belonging to the two Compters,
see the article COMPTER.
POWDERED BEEF _court_, Cabbage lane.
POWELL’S _alley_, Chiswell street, Moorfields.†
POWELL’S _court_, Queen street.†
POWELL’S _yard_, Upper Ground street, Southwark.†
PRAT’S _wharf_, Millbank, Westminster Horseferry.†
PREBENDS _of St. Paul’s_. See the article CANONS.
PRECENTOR or CHANTER OF ST. PAUL’S, an officer who superintends the church
music, and has a sub-chanter to officiate in his absence. To him belongs
the second stall on the north side of the choir: he is perpetual Rector
of the church of Stortford, proprietor of the same, and patron of the
vicarage. _Newc. Repert._
PREROGATIVE COURT in Doctors Commons; this court is thus denominated from
the prerogative of the Archbishop of Canterbury; who by a special
privilege beyond those of his suffragans, can here try all disputes that
happen to arise concerning the last wills of persons within his
province, who have left goods to the value of 5_l._ and upwards, unless
such things are settled by composition between the metropolitan and his
suffragans; as in the diocese of London, where it is 10_l._
This court, which was formerly held in the consistory of St. Paul’s, is
kept in Doctors Commons in the afternoon, the next day after the court
of Arches. The Judge is attended by the Register and his Deputy, who
sets down the decrees and acts of the court, and keeps the records.
PREROGATIVE OFFICE in Doctors Commons, an office belonging to the above
court, in which copies of all wills deposited in the office are wrote in
large folio volumes, and any person may have the privilege of searching
a particular will for a shilling, and of having a copy of the whole, or
of any part of it, for a moderate fee.
The places belonging to this court are in the gift of the Archbishop of
Canterbury.
PRESBYTERIANS, a considerable body of Protestant dissenters; their
religious sentiments are in general pretty far from Calvinism, they have
now scarcely any resemblance to the church of Scotland; and every
congregation in this city, is in a manner as independent of each other
as the independents themselves. The meeting houses within the bills of
mortality are as follows:
1. Bethnal green. 2. Broad street, Wapping. 3. Brook house, Clapton. 4.
Church street, Hoxton. 5. Crosby square, Bishopsgate street. 6. Crown
court, Russel street. 7. Founders hall, Lothbury. 8. Grafton street,
Seven dials. 9. Gravel lane, Houndsditch. 10. Great St. Thomas
Apostle’s. 11. Hanover street, Long Acre. 12. King John’s court,
Bermondsey. 13. King’s Weigh-house, Little Eastcheap. 14. Leather lane,
Holborn. 15. Little Carter lane. 16. Little Eastcheap, near Tower
street. 17. Little St. Helen’s Bishopsgate street. 18. Long ditch,
Westminster. 19. Maiden lane, Deadman’s place. 20. Middlesex court,
Bartholomew close. 21. Mourning lane, Hackney. 22. New Broad street,
London wall. 23. Near Nightingale lane. 24. Old Jewry, Poultry. 25.
Parish street, Horselydown. 26. Poor Jewry lane, near Aldgate. 27. Queen
street, near Cuckolds point. 28. Rampant lion yard, Nightingale lane.
29. Ryder’s court, near Leicester fields. 30. Salisbury street,
Rotherhithe. 31. St. Thomas, Southwark. 32. Salters hall, Swithin’s
lane. 33. Shakespear’s walk, Upper Shadwell. 34. Silver street, Wood
street. 35. Spitalfields. 36. Swallow street, Piccadilly. 37. Windsor
court, Monkwell street.
PRESCOT _court_, St. John’s street, Smithfield.†
PRESCOT _street_, Goodman’s fields.†
PRESTON’S _yard_, in the Minories.†
PRICE’S _alley_, 1. Brewer’s street. 2. Knave’s Acre, Wardour street.† 3.
Queen street, in the Park, Southwark.†
PRICE’S _buildings_, Gravel lane.†
PRICE’S _court_, Gravel lane.†
PRICE’S _yard_, Long lane.†
PRIEST’S _alley_, 1. Foster lane, Cheapside.† 2. Tower hill.†
PRIEST’S _yard_, Dancing lane, Southwark.†
PRIMROSE _alley_, 1. Bishopsgate street. 2. Long alley, Moorfields. 3. St.
Mary Overies dock, Southwark.
PRIMROSE HILL, a very pleasant hill between Kilburn and Hampstead; also
called Green Berry Hill, from the names of the three assassins of Sir
Edmundbury Godfrey, who brought him hither after they had murdered him
at Somerset house.
PRIMROSE _row_, Primrose alley.
PRIMROSE _street_, Bishopsgate street.
PRINCE’S _court_. Several of these courts and streets received their name,
as well as those of King street and Queen street, after the restoration,
in honour of the return of the royal family. 1. Duke street, St.
James’s. 2. Drury lane. 3. Gravel lane, Southwark. 4. Hedge lane,
Charing Cross. 5. Long Ditch, Westminster. 6. Lothbury. 7. Newport
market. 8. Old Gravel lane, Ratcliff highway. 9. Tower hill. 10.
Wentworth street.
PRINCE’S _square_, Ratcliff highway, is a neat square, principally
inhabited by the families of gentlemen who belong to the sea. Its chief
ornament is the church and church yard belonging to the Swedes,
surrounded with iron rails and well planted with trees. The front of the
church is carried up flat with niches and ornaments, and on the summit
is a pediment. The body is divided into a central part projecting
forwarder than the rest, and two sides. The central part has two tall
windows, terminated by a pediment, and in the midst of that is an oval
window; but in the sides there is only a compartment below with a
circular window above. The corners of the building are wrought in a
bold, plain rustic. The tower rises square from the roof, and at the
corners are placed urns with flames: from thence rises a turret in the
lanthorn form with flaming urns at the corners: this turret is covered
with a dome, from which rises a ball, supporting the fane, in the form
of a rampant lion.
PRINCE’S _stairs_, Rotherhith.
PRINCE’S _street_, 1. St. Anne’s street, Soho. 2. Barbican. 3. Brick lane,
Spitalfields. 4. Charles street, Old Gravel lane, Ratcliff. 5. Drury
lane. 6. Duke street, St. James’s. 7. Duke street, Southwark. 8. Hanover
square. 9. Little Queen street. 10. Oxford street. 11. Queen street. 12.
Ratcliff Highway. 13. Red Lion square, Holborn. 14. Rotherhith Wall. 15.
Sun Tavern fields, Shadwell. 16. The west end of Threadneedle street;
first built by act of Parliament after the fire of London, in which it
was called by this name before it was erected. 17. Upper Moorfields. 18.
Whitcomb street, Hedge lane. 19. Wood street, Spitalfields.
PRINTING HOUSE _lane_, leading to the King’s printing house in Black
friars.
PRINTING HOUSE _street_, Water lane.
PRINTING HOUSE _yard_, 1. Water lane. 2. By White’s alley, Coleman street;
thus named from a large printing house there for woollens.
PRITCHARD’S _alley_, Fair street, Horselydown.†
PRIVY COUNCIL, held at the Cockpit. This great and honourable assembly
meet in order to consult upon those measures that are most likely to
contribute to the honour, defence, safety and benefit of his Majesty’s
dominions.
The members of this body are chosen by the King, and are, or ought to be
distinguished by their wisdom, courage, integrity, and political
knowledge. A Privy Counsellor, though but a Gentleman, has precedence of
all Knights, Baronets, and the younger sons of all Barons and Viscounts.
They sit at the council board bareheaded, when his Majesty presides; at
all debates the lowest delivers his opinion first; and the King last of
all declares his judgment, and thereby determines the matter in debate.
PRIVY GARDEN, Whitehall, was formerly used as a private garden, though it
extended almost to the Cockpit. The wall joined the arch still standing
by the Cockpit, and ran on in a line to King street. _Plan of London
drawn in Queen Elizabeth’s time._
PRIVY GARDEN _stairs_, Privy Garden.
PRIVY SEAL OFFICE, Whitehall. An office under the government of the Lord
Privy Seal, a great officer, next in dignity to the Lord President of
the Council, who keeps the King’s privy seal, which is set to such
grants as pass the great seal of England. The Lord Privy Seal has a
salary of 3000_l._ _per annum_. Under him are three Deputies, a
Secretary, and three Clerks; but these Clerks have no salaries; they
have however considerable fees, and 30_l._ a year board wages.
PROBIN’S _yard_, Blackman street, Southwark.†
PROTONOTARIES, or PROTHONOTARIES, in the court of Common Pleas. The word
is derived from _Protonotarius_, a chief Notary or Clerk; and they are
accordingly the chief Clerks of this court. They enter and enrol all
declarations, pleadings, assizes, judgments, and actions; and make out
judicial writs, &c. for all English counties, except Monmouth. They are
three in number, and have each separate offices, one in the Middle
Temple, another in King’s Bench Walks, and the other in Searle’s court,
Lincoln’s Inn. In these offices all the Attorneys of the court of Common
Pleas enter their causes.
Each of these Protonotaries has a Secondary, whose office is, to draw up
the rules of court, and these were formerly the ancientest and ablest
Clerks or Attorneys of the court.
PROTONOTARY’S, or PROTHONOTARY’S _Office in Chancery_, is kept in Middle
Temple lane, and is chiefly to expedite commissions for embassies.
PROVIDENCE _court_, North Audley street.
PROVIDENCE _yard_, Peter street, Westminster.
PRUJEAN’S _court_, in the Old Bailey.†
PRUSON’S _island_, Near New Gravel lane.†
PUDDING _lane_, Thames street. In this lane the fire of London broke out,
at a house situated exactly at the same distance from the Monument as
that is high. Upon this house, which is rebuilt in a very handsome
manner, was set up by authority the following inscription:
‘Here by the permission of Heaven, Hell broke loose upon this protestant
city, from the malicious hearts of barbarous papists, by the hand of
their agent HUBERT: who confessed, and on the ruins of this place
declared his fact, for which he was hanged, viz. That here began the
dreadful fire, which is described and perpetuated, on and by the
neighbouring pillar, erected 1681—in the mayoralty of Sir Patience Ward,
Knt.’
But the inhabitants being incommoded by the many people who came to look
at the house, and read this board, it was taken down a few years ago.
PUDDLE _dock_, Thames street. There was anciently a descent into the
Thames in this place, where horses used to be watered; who raising the
mud with their feet, made the place like a puddle; from this
circumstance, and from a person named Puddle dwelling there, this dock,
according to Maitland, obtained its present name.
PUDDLE DOCK _hill_, Great Carter lane.
PUDDLE DOCK _stairs_, Puddle dock.
PULTNEY _court_, Little Windmill street.
PULTNEY _street_, 1. Brewer’s street.† 2. Knave’s Acre.†
PUMP _alley_, 1. Brown’s street.☐ 2. Gardener’s lane, Petty France,
Westminster.☐ 3. Green bank, Wapping.☐ 4. Perkins’s rents, Peter street,
Soho.☐ 5. Quaker street, Spitalfields.☐ 6. Queen street in the Park,
Southwark.☐ 7. Red lion street, Wapping dock.☐ 8. Near Whitecross
street, Cripplegate.☐
PUMP _court_, 1. Bridgewater gardens.☐ 2. Charing Cross.☐ 3. Crutched
Friars.☐ 4. Glasshouse yard.☐ 5. Holland street.† 6. Jacob’s street,
Mill street.☐ 7. Inner Temple.☐ 8. Long alley, Shoreditch.☐ 9. The
Minories.☐ 10. Noble street, Foster lane.☐ 11. Rose and Crown court.☐
12. Portpool lane.☐ 13. Queenhithe.☐ 14. Three Foxes court, Longlane,
Smithfield.☐ 15. White Hart yard, Drury lane.☐ 16. White’s alley.☐
PUMP _yard_, 1. Near Aldersgate Bars.☐ 2. Church lane.☐ 3. Golden lane.☐
4. Gravel lane.☐ 5. King John’s court, Southwark.☐ 6. Newington Butts.☐
7. In the Orchard, Ratcliff.☐ 8. Pump alley, Chequer alley.☐ 9. Three
Colts street.† 10. Whitehorse alley, Cow Cross.☐
PUNCH BOWL _alley_, Moorfields Quarters.*
PUNCH _court_, Thrall street, Spitalfields.
PURFORD. See PYRFORD.
PURSE _court_, 1. Fore street, Cripplegate.* 2. Old Change, Cheapside.*
PUTNEY, a village in Surry, situated on the Thames, five miles south west
of London, famous for being the birth place of Thomas Cromwell Earl of
Essex, whose father was a blacksmith here. About this village the
citizens of London have many pretty seats; and on Putney Heath is a
public house, noted for polite assemblies, and in the summer season for
breakfasting and dancing, and for one of the pleasantest bowling greens
in England. Here is an old church erected after the same model with that
of Fulham, on the opposite shore, and they are both said to have been
built by two sisters.
That part of Putney which joins to the Heath, commands a fine view both
up and down the river Thames.
PYE _corner_, Smithfield.
PYE _garden_, near Willow street, Bank side, Southwark.
PYE _street_, Westminster.
PYRFORD, or PURFORD, in Surry, the fine seat of the late Denzil Onslow,
Esq; situated two miles from Guilford, on the banks of the Wey. It is
rendered extremely pleasant, by the beautiful intermixture of wood and
water, in the park, gardens, and grounds adjoining. By the park is a
decoy, the first of the kind in this part of England.
[Illustration]
Q.
QUAKERS, a body of dissenters who have the following places of worship in
this metropolis:
1. Devonshire street, Bishopsgate street. 2. Ewer’s street, Southwark.
3. Fair street, Horselydown. 4. Little Almonry, Westminster. 5. St.
John’s lane. 6. Sandy’s court, Houndsditch. 7. School house lane,
Ratcliff. 8. Savoy in the Strand. 9. Wapping. 10. White hart yard,
Gracechurch street. 11. Workhouse, Clerkenwell.
QUAKERS _street_, Spitalfields.
QUAKERS WORKHOUSE, in Bridewell Walk, Clerkenwell, contains about eighteen
or twenty old men and women; but they are not confined to any number.
These are provided with all the necessaries of life in a very decent
manner: as are also forty boys and twenty girls; who are not only taught
reading, writing and arithmetic; but to spin, sew, knit, and make
thrum-mops, &c. in order to inure them to early labour: the boys, when
put out apprentice, have 5_l._ given with each. These children are
cloathed in very good cloth and callimancoes, and supported at the
expence of about 600_l._ _per annum_.
QUALITY _court_, Chancery lane.
QUART POT _alley_, George street, Petty France, Westminster.*
QUEEN ANNE’S _street_, a very handsome regular street, building north of
Cavendish square, and parallel to that and Wigmore street. It being
built on the estate of the late Lord Harley, Earl of Oxford, it received
its name in honour of his Royal Mistress.
QUEEN ELIZABETH’S _School_, in School house lane, Tooley street,
Southwark, was founded by that Princess, for instructing the boys of St.
Olave’s parish in English, grammar and writing.
This school generally consists of near three hundred boys, for the
teaching of whom the master of the grammar school has a salary of 61_l._
_per annum_; his usher 41_l._ 10_s._ the writing-master has 60_l._ out
of which he is obliged to supply the school with pens and ink; the
English master has 37_l._ 10_s._ and his usher 20_l._ These sums,
together amounting to 220_l. per annum_, are chiefly raised from an
estate in Horselydown, which, pursuant to the letters of incorporation,
is, with the school, under the management of sixteen of the
parishioners. _Maitland._
QUEENHITHE, in Thames street, a hithe or harbour for large boats,
lighters, barges, and even ships, which anciently anchored at that
place, as they do now at Billingsgate, the draw-bridge being drawn up
for their passage through; Queenhithe being then the principal key for
lading and unlading in the heart of the city. Hither vast numbers of
these vessels came laden with corn, as the barges do now with malt and
meal, this being the great meal market of the city.
QUEENHITHE _alley_, near Thames street.
QUEENHITHE _stairs_, Queenhithe.
QUEENHITHE _little stairs_, Queenhithe.
QUEENHITHE WARD, is bounded on the north by Bread street ward, and
Cordwainers ward; on the east by Dowgate ward; on the south by the
Thames, and on the west by Baynard’s castle ward. The principal streets
and lanes in this ward, are, next to Queenhithe, a part of Thames
street, from St. Bennet’s hill to Townsend lane; Lambert hill, Fish
street hill, Five foot lane, Bread street hill, Huggen lane, Little
Trinity, with the south side of Great Trinity lane, and Old Fish street.
The most remarkable buildings, are the parish churches of St. Nicholas
Cole Abbey, St. Mary Somerset, and St. Michael’s Queenhithe;
Painterstainers hall, and Blacksmiths hall.
This ward is governed by an Alderman and six Common Council men,
including the Alderman’s Deputy; thirteen inquest men, eight scavengers,
nine constables, and a beadle. The jury-men returned by the Wardmote
inquest, serve in the several courts of Guildhall in the month of
October. _Maitland._
QUEEN’S ARMS _alley_, 1. Shoe lane.* 2. Shoreditch.*
QUEEN’S ARMS _court_, Upper Ground.*
QUEEN’S _court_, 1. St. Catharine’s lane, East Smithfield.* 2. Great Queen
street.* 3. High Holborn.* 4. King street, Covent Garden.*
QUEEN’S HEAD _alley_, 1. Hoxton.* 2. Newgate street.* 3. Shadwell.* 4.
Wapping.* 5. Whitechapel.*