tourist will do well to read Mr. Aiton's pamphlet on Moss Earth,
where he will meet with many interesting hints for research. Even the
antiquary will not pass these immense tracts unnoticed, since much
light has been thrown upon the earlier periods of Irish history by
the discovery of curious antiques at considerable depths, by the peat
cutters. Some iron heads of arms, wooden bowls, three sacks full of
nuts, and a coat of ancient texture and construction, were in 1737 dug
from under a moss fifteen feet deep; all of which were in a high state
of perfection. Indeed Mr. Aiton observes, that the singular antiseptic
qualities of moss extend to every thing buried under its surface.
Wood, when exposed to the atmosphere, or buried under any other
earth, will be totally decomposed or annihilated in a few years; but
if it is enveloped in moss before putrefaction has made much progress
upon it, it will remain but little impaired for many centuries. The
underside of moss timber is generally found entire; and Mr. Aiton is
of opinion, that the progress which corruption has made on the upper
side of many specimens, must have taken place before the moss, in its
progress of growth, rose above the trees. Facts of this kind may very
properly lead to observations of the means of preventing the dry rot
in timber; and the chemical tourist may devote an hour most usefully
to the analysis of those substances which are found in the immediate
vicinity of those fossil trees in the highest state of preservation.
Basaltes is another substance which deserves the notice of the
tourist; for, though not peculiar to Ireland, it is perhaps more
interesting here than in any other country, nature presenting it
under the most awful forms; sometimes piled up in immense structures
of stupendous height and extent, where its columns are arranged in
various directions, as if deposited in regular series by the hand of
men. It is principally however in the N.E. district that it is so
found, extending from Carrickfergus-bay to Lough-Foyle, on the sea
coast, and inland even to the southern shores of Lough-Neagh.
Granite forms the great bed of Ireland, and is seen bursting out in
all the great ranges of mountains; not only in the central parts of
the kingdom, but also in the basaltic district.
Ochres, both red and yellow, are found in considerable quantities in
many places. Fuller's-earth has already been mentioned: there are also
several other saponaceous earths, particularly near the Old-Head of
Kinsale in the county of Cork.
Slates are found in most parts of Ireland; and flag-stones are worked
in great quantities in many districts.
The tourist whose time does not admit of much mineralogical research,
may yet be amply gratified on that subject whilst in Dublin, by
examining the collection at the Society's house.
Before starting on an Irish tour, the traveller will naturally
be anxious to know what kind of weather he may expect. To this we
shall answer shortly in the words of Mr. Aldworth of Cork, in a
communication to Mr. Wakefield, wherein he observes that, as an
old agriculturist, he is inclined to think that less rain falls in
the interior of Ireland than in any of the other British Isles,
and yet perhaps there are more wet days there than in the latter;
a circumstance which certainly interferes with travelling in an
open carriage. As the showers however, though frequent, are not,
generally speaking, of very long duration, this inconvenience may
be easily guarded against. To this we may add, that the winds which
most usually prevail in Ireland blow from the west: they are mild
in their temperature, and moist in their nature; but far from being
insalubrious. It has also been well observed by the Rev. Horace
Townshend, after a long residence, that along the sea coast the
winter is disarmed of its severity by the softness of the southern
wind, which mitigates the rigour of the frost, and seldom suffers
the heaviest snow to remain many hours undissolved, except on the
north sides of the high hills. This observation, however, applies
principally to the southern coast; where also the sea breeze tempers
the summer's warmth by its refreshing breath; so that the greatest
degree of heat, as well as cold, is found in the northern districts of
the island. The whole island is remarkably bare of trees, and exhibits
a naked appearance; which is more striking to a traveller whose eye
has been familiarized to the woody counties of England. Yet the varied
aspect arising from the frequency of sea views, combined with the
rude but grand scenery of the mountains, and the different tints they
assume according to their distance, produces a number of beautiful and
diversified prospects.
The ENTOMOLOGIST will also be certain of finding numerous sources of
amusement. Mr. Hall, in his Tour, vol. 2. p. 268, asserts that with a
tolerable glass, one sees animals grazing, like cattle in a meadow,
on the leaves of every vegetable, and these also much larger than in
Great Britain.
Some tourists have been deterred from penetrating into the wildest
parts of the island, by prejudices founded on misrepresentation and
ignorance; but little cause for alarm exists if the tourist chooses to
conduct himself with a little civility to the poor ignorant peasantry
whom he shall meet, even in the loneliest places. On this subject, Mr.
Wakefield records the fact, that when in the county of Mayo, he was
advised not to cross a particular district in his way to Roscommon;
he, however, experienced no inconvenience, except from the hardness of
the roads and his ignorance of the Irish language, there universally
spoken. With respect to the conveniences of travelling, we must not
lead the tourist astray by inducing him to believe that, except upon
the great frequented roads, he will meet with any thing like the
accommodations so general in England. But if he can patiently bear
with minor difficulties, he may pursue his route over great part of
the island by mail and stage-coaches, and in general by post-chaises,
if not provided with his own horses or carriages. The Inns, indeed,
will often disappoint him, both in accommodation and cleanliness; yet
he may always be certain of clean sheets, and his culinary comforts
are clean, if he can content himself with plain dishes. Travelling
however is so unfrequent, that in many places, when a visitor does
arrive at an inn, he appears to be considered as an inexhaustible
gold mine, not only by the landlord, but also by the numerous host of
retainers, many of whom he never sees until going away. Before we take
leave of the tourist, it may be proper to offer him a few hints from
Sir R. C. Hoare's Work, which will be extremely useful to him.
If he chooses to go to the expense of his own carriage and horses,
he will certainly ensure to himself much independence; especially
if he takes care to select a judicious route. For a party also,
this would perhaps be as cheap a mode as can well be adopted. But
if he is a single traveller, or with one companion, and not averse
to pedestrianism, then he may find a general facility by taking the
direct and cross coaches from station to station, hiring horses for
long excursions, and walking those of a shorter range. Before leaving
Dublin, Belfast, or Waterford, the three points from whence an English
tourist is likely to start, let him make a fair calculation of time
and distance, allow a certain sum per mile and a certain sum per day,
and then supply his purse with the paper and coined currency most
likely to answer in the district he intends to visit. This he will not
find difficult at the places mentioned, or indeed at any of the larger
towns; but let him be on his guard against bad money and forged notes;
and also, if he has any Irish currency left at the end of his tour,
let him change it for English when setting off to return.
It now only remains to add, that every writer, both ancient and
modern, on the subject of Ireland, has been consulted; aided by the
communications of friends and a general personal knowledge of the
Topography of Ireland on the part of the Editor.
The tourist will observe that the distances are given in Irish miles,
of which, eleven are equal to fourteen English. The distances of
the county towns from the capital are taken on the authority of the
latest surveys; whilst the distances in the vicinage of the several
stations are from common computation or from the best maps, and may
be depended on for every useful purpose to the inquisitive traveller,
bearing in mind that bogs and mountains often render roads circuitous,
in which cases local inquiry, and also for the best roads, will often
be beneficial, and sometimes necessary. Reference to many of the
authorities will be found in the work itself; but it may be added
that the county surveys have been carefully examined and compared
with earlier descriptions, independent of the general notices from
Hoare, Hall, Plumptre, Curwen, Drummond, Weld, and all the recent
topographical works, together with several recent anonymous tours,
whose proved accuracy, in many points, renders them worthy of notice
in all.
TOPOGRAPHICAL DIVISION OF IRELAND,
_With the Baronies, Parishes, and Contents in Irish Acres._
_Baron._ _Parish._ _Acres._
{ *Armagh contains 5 20 181,450
{ Down 8 60 348,550
ULSTER. { Antrim 8 77 387,200
_9 Counties._ { Londonderry 4 31 318,500
8298 { Donnegal 5 42 679,550
square miles. { *Tyrone 4 35 463,700
{ Fermanagh 8 18 283,450
{ *Cavan 7 30 301,000
{ *Monaghan 5 19 179,600
-- --- ----------
54 332 3,143,000
_Lough Neagh_ covers 58,200
----------
3,201,200
----------
{ Louth 4 61 110,750
{ Meath 12 147 327,900
{ Dublin 6 107 142,050
{ Wicklow 6 58 311,600
LEINSTER. { Wexford 8 142 342,900
_12 Counties._ { *Kilkenny 9 127 300,350
6936 { *Carlow 5 50 137,050
square miles. { *Kildare 10 113 236,750
{ *Queen's County 8 50 235,300
{ *King's County 11 52 282,200
{ *Westmeath 12 62 231,550
{ *Longford 6 23 134,150
-- --- ---------
97 992 2,792,550
-- --- ---------
CONNAUGHT. { Galway 16 116 989,950
_5 Counties._ { Mayo 9 68 790,600
7125 { Sligo 6 39 247,150
square miles. { Leitrim 5 17 255,950
{ *Roscommon 6 56 346,650
-- --- ---------
42 296 2,630,300
-- --- ---------
{ Cork 16 269 1,048,800
MUNSTER. { Kerry 8 83 647,650
_6 Counties._ { Clare 9 79 476,200
9000 { Limerick 9 125 386,750
square miles. { *Tipperary 10 186 554,950
{ Waterford 7 74 262,800
-- --- ---------
69 816 3,377,150
--- ----- ----------
252 2,436 12,001,200†
* The thirteen _inland_ counties are distinguished by an asterisk.
† All fractions having been excluded from this calculation, it is very
much _under_ the full number of acres in Ireland.
An Irish Acre contains 7840 square yards.
Scotch 6130 ditto.
English 4840 ditto.
From Port Patrick to Donaghadee 25 English miles.
Holyhead to Dublin 63 ditto.
Milford Haven to Waterford 85 ditto.
No part of Ireland is more than fifty miles from the sea.
ECCLESIASTICAL DIVISION OF IRELAND.
_The Province of_ ARMAGH _contains Ten Dioceses*._
663 Parishes, 446 Churches.
†16 Abpk. of Armagh 11 Bpk. of Raphoe
23 Bpk. of Dromore 9 ---- of Clogher
7 ---- of Down } 12 ---- of Kilmor
---- of Connor} _united._ 22 ---- of Ardagh‡
6 ---- of Derry 5 ---- of Meath
_The Province of_ DUBLIN _contains Five Dioceses._
658 Parishes, 217 Churches.
15 Abpk. of Dublin 3 Bpk. of Ferns }
21 Bpk. of Kildare ---- of Leighlin} _united._
20 ---- of Ossory
_The Province of_ CASHEL _contains Eleven Dioceses._
839 Parishes, 254 Churches.
17 Abpk. of Cashel} 8 Bpk. of Cloyne
Bpk. of Emly } _united._ 2 ---- of Limerick}
19 ---- of Waterford} ---- of Ardfert } _united._
---- of Lismore } _united._ and Aghadoe }
14 ---- of Cork} 4 ---- of Killaloe }
---- of Ross} _united._ ---- of Kilfenora} _united._
_The Province of_ TUAM _contains Six Dioceses._
276 Parishes, 87 Churches.
1 Abpk. of Tuam 18 Bpk. of Elphin
21 Bpk. of Clonfert } 10 ---- of Killalla
---- of Killmacduagh} _united._ ---- of Achonry.
* The dioceses are placed with respect to contiguity, not
according to rank; for the bishop of _Meath_ has precedence of all
bishops, and next to him _Kildare_; the other bishops take place
according to the date of their consecration.
† The figures indicate the order in comparative extent of
each diocese.
‡ _Ardagh_, though in this province, is at present annexed
to the archbishoprick of _Tuam_.
LEGAL DIVISION OF IRELAND.
CIRCUITS OF THE JUDGES.
_The Assize Towns are marked with an Asterisk, thus_, (*).
MUNSTER CIRCUIT.
From DUBLIN to
*Waterford | _Waterford_ | -- | 74
Carrick | _Tipperary_ | 14 | 88
*Clonmell | _Tipperary_ | 10 | 98
*CORK | _Cork_ | 42 | 140
Mill-Street | _Cork_ | 22 | 162
Castle-Island | _Kerry_ | 18 | 180
*Tralee | _Kerry_ | 8 | 188
Castle-Island | _Kerry_ | 8 | 196
Abbyfeale | _Limerick_ | 8 | 204
Newcastle | _Limerick_ | 2 | 213
Rathkeale | _Limerick_ | 6 | 219
Adair | _Limerick_ | 6 | 225
*LIMERICK | _Limerick_ | 8 | 233
DUBLIN | _Dublin_ | 94 | 327
CONNAUGHT CIRCUIT.
From DUBLIN to
*Roscommon | _Roscommon_ | -- | 69
Tulsk | _Roscommon_ | 9 | 78
Elphin | _Roscommon_ | 5 | 83
*Carrick | _Leitrim_ | 7 | 90
Boyle | _Roscommon_ | 7 | 97
*Sligo | _Sligo_ | 17 | 114
Ballisidare | _Sligo_ | 3 | 117
Coloony | _Sligo_ | 2 | 119
Tobercorry | _Sligo_ | 11 | 130
Banada | _Sligo_ | 4 | 134
Kilmateague | _Sligo_ | 3 | 137
Foxford | _Mayo_ | 8 | 145
*Castlebar† | _Mayo_ | 11 | 156
Balcarra | _Mayo_ | 5 | 161
Newbrook | _Mayo_ | 5 | 166
Holymount | _Mayo_ | 4 | 170
Kilmain | _Mayo_ | 3 | 173
Shrule | _Mayo_ | 3 | 176
Cahirmorres | _Galway_ | 6 | 182
*Galway | _Galway_ | 11 | 193
Gort | _Galway_ | 17 | 210
Crusheen | _Clare_ | 8 | 218
*Ennis | _Clare_ | 6 | 224
Gort | _Galway_ | 14 | 238
Loughrea | _Galway_ | 12 | 250
Kilconnel | _Galway_ | 6 | 256
Ahascragh | _Galway_ | 5 | 261
Mount-Talbot | _Roscommon_ | 9 | 270
Roscommon | _Roscommon_ | 7 | 277
DUBLIN | _Dublin_ | 69 | 346
† At Ballinrobe generally in the Spring, and at Castlebar in the
Summer.
LEINSTER CIRCUIT.
From DUBLIN to
*Wicklow | _Wicklow_ | -- | 24
Arklow | _Wicklow_ | 12 | 36
Gorey | _Wicklow_ | 9 | 45
Castlebridge | _Wexford_ | 19 | 64
*Wexford | _Wexford_ | 2 | 66
Ross | _Wexford_ | 19 | 85
*KILKENNY | _Kilkenny_ | 19 | 104
Leighlin Bridge | _Carlow_ | 12 | 116
*Carlow | _Carlow_ | 6 | 122
*Athy† | _Kildare_ | 9 | 131
*Maryborough | _Queen's Co._ | 12 | 143
*Philipstown | _King's Co._ | 17 | 160
DUBLIN | _Dublin_ | 38 | 198
† At Nass generally in the Spring, and at Athy in the Summer.
ULSTER, _North East_.
From DUBLIN to
*Drogheda | _Droghedaco._ | -- | 23
*Dundalk | _Louth_ | 17 | 40
*Downpatrick | _Down_ | 32 | 72
Saintfield | _Down_ | 8 | 80
*Carrickfergus | _Antrim_ | 17 | 97
Belfast | _Antrim_ | 8 | 105
Lisburn | _Antrim_ | 7 | 112
Lurgan | _Armagh_ | 10 | 122
Portadown | _Armagh_ | 5 | 127
Richhill | _Armagh_ | 5 | 132
*Armagh | _Armagh_ | 4 | 136
Tynan | _Armagh_ | 6 | 142
Glaslough | _Monaghan_ | 3 | 145
*Monaghan | _Monaghan_ | 5 | 150
Castleshane | _Monaghan_ | 3 | 153
Castleblayney | _Monaghan_ | 8 | 161
Peterborough | _Monaghan_ | 7 | 168
Mill of Louth | _Louth_ | 5 | 173
Ardee | _Louth_ | 5 | 178
Navan | _Meath_ | 15 | 193
*Trim | _Meath_ | 7 | 200
DUBLIN | _Dublin_ | 22 | 222
ULSTER, _North West_.
From DUBLIN to
Kilcock | _Kildare_ | -- | 14
Infield | _Meath_ | 5 | 19
Kinnegad | _W. Meath_ | 10 | 29
*Mullingar | _W. Meath_ | 9 | 38
Ballinalack | _W. Meath_ | 8 | 46
Edgeworth's-to. | _Longford_ | 6 | 52
*Longford | _Longford_ | 6 | 58
Granard | _Longford_ | 12 | 70
*Cavan | _Cavan_ | 13 | 83
Newtonbutler | _Fermanagh_ | 11 | 94
M'Gwire's bridge | _Fermanagh_ | 7 | 101
*Enniskillen | _Fermanagh_ | 7 | 108
Trillick | _Fermanagh_ | 9 | 117
*Omagh | _Tyrone_ | 11 | 128
Newtownstewart | _Tyrone_ | 7 | 135
Strabane | _Tyrone_ | 7 | 142
*Lifford | _Donnegal_ | 1 | 143
*LONDONDERRY | _Derry_ | 12 | 155
DUBLIN | _Dublin_ | 115 | 270
HOME CIRCUIT.
TO CARLOW.
From Carlow, Grangemellon, Andrie, _Athy_.
From Athy, Stradbally, _Maryborough_.
From Maryborough, Portarlington, Clonegowan, Geshil, _Philipstown_.
From Philipstown, Terrilspass, Rochfort, _Mullingar_.
From Mullingar, Killucan, Raharney, _Trim_.
COMPARATIVE HEIGHT
OF
THE CHIEF MOUNTAINS IN IRELAND,
_Above the Level of the Sea_.
_Eng. feet._
_M'Gillicuddy's Reeks_, Co. of Kerry, 3404
_Sleibh Dorm_, Co. of Londonderry, 3150
_Knockmeledown_[2], dividing Cork, Tipperary, and Waterford, 2700
_Croagh Patrick_, Co. of Mayo, 2666
_Nephin_, Ditto, 2640
_Mangerton_, above the Lake of Killarney, Co. Kerry, 2505
_Mourne Hills_, Co. of Down, 2500
_Commerach Ridge_, Co. Waterford, 2160
_Croaghan Kinshelly_, Bar. of Arklow, 1850
_Sawell_, Co. of Londonderry, 1600
_Slenish Mountain_, Co. of Antrim, 1390
_Alt-English-Hill_, Co. of Londonderry, 1300
_Benbradagh_, Co. of Londonderry, 1300
_Benyevenach_, Ditto, 1250
_Sleibh Gallan_, Ditto, 1250
_Donald's Hill_, Ditto, 1200
_Kedy_, Ditto, 1100
_Croneham_, Co. of Wicklow, 1000
_Croaghmore_, Co. of Antrim, 600
ISLE OF MAN.
_Inafel_, in centre of the Island, 1740
[2] On the top of this mountain Henry Eles by his own desire
was buried; he was an ingenious man, and published several tracts on
electricity.
[From Rees's _Cyclopedia_.]
LIST _of_ ROUND TOWERS; _principally extracted from_ Dr. Beaufort's
Memoir, _with an indication of those he had seen marked with an
Asterisk_.
Key:
_Ht._ = Height in Feet.
_Cf._ = Circumf.
_Th._ = Thickness of Walls.
_Dr._ = Door from ground.
In ULSTER, 9. |_Ht._|_Cf._|_Th._|_Dr._
+-----+-----+-----+-----
_Antrim_, near *Antrim, at a place called | | | |
Steeple. | | | |
at Armoy. | | | |
in *Ram Island, in Lough Neagh | | | |
_Cavan_, at Drumlane. | | | |
_Down_, at *Drumbo. | | | |
at *Maghera, half only is standing | | | |
_Fermanagh_, in *Devenish Island, in | | | |
Lough Erne | 76 | 41 | 3-6 |
_Monaghan_, at Clones. | | | |
at *Eniskeen. | | | |
| | | |
In LEINSTER, 26. | | | |
| | | |
_Dublin_, at *Clondalkin | 84 | | |
at *Lusk. | | | |
at Rathmichael. | | | |
at *Swords | 73 | 55 | 4-8 | 2
_Kildare_, at *Castledermot. | | | |
at *Killcullen | 40 | 44 | 3-6 | 7
at *Kildare | 132 | 54 | 3-6 | 13
at Oughterard | 25 | 48 | 3 | 8
at Taghadoe | 71 | 38 | 3-8 | 11-6
_Kilkenny_, at *Aghavuller, part only | | | |
remaining. | | | |
at Fertagh, alias Beggar's Inn | 112 | 48 | 3-8 | 10
at *Kilkenny, or rather in | | | |
Irishtown. | | | |
at Kilree. | | | |
at Tulloherin. | | | |
_King's County_, at *Clonmacnoise--two | | | |
_Louth_, at *Dromiskin, part of one | 130 | | |
at *Monasterboice | 110 | 51 | 3-6 | 6
_Meath_, at *Donaghmore. | | | |
at *Kells | 99 | 48 | 3 |
_Monaghan_, at Clones--one perfect, one | | | |
ruinous. | | | |
_Queen's County_, at *Dysert. | | | |
at *Timahoe | 35 | 53 | 4-4 | 14
_Wicklow_, at Glandelough--two, one of | | | |
them perfect. | | | |
| | | |
In MUNSTER, 14. | | | |
| | | |
_Clare_, at *Drumcliff. | | | |
at *Dysart. | | | |
in Iniscalthra, in Lough Deirgeart | | | |
in Scattery Isle, in the Shannon | 120 | | |
_Cork_, at *Cloyne | 92 | 50 | 3-8 | 13
at *Ballybeg, the stump of one. | | | |
at Kineth | 70 | | |
_Kerry_, at *Aghadoe. | | | |
at Rattoo. | | | |
_Limerick_, at *Dysert. | | | |
at *Kilmallock. | | | |
_Tipperary_, at *Cashel on the Rock | | 54 | 4 | 11
at *Roscrea | 80 | 45 | |
_Waterford_, at Ardmore | 100 | 45 | |
| | | |
In CONNAUGHT, 9. | | | |
| | | |
_Galway_, at Feartamore. | | | |
at *Kilmacduagh | 112 | 57 | | 24
_Mayo_, at Aghagower. | | | |
at Ballagh. | | | |
at *Killalla. | | | |
at *Melick. | | | |
at *Turlough | 70 | 45 | | 29
_Roscommon_, at Oran. | | | |
_Sligo_, at *Drumcliffe, the ruin of one. | | | |
These towers are all standing; there were five others still perfect
within a few years.
1. Co. Down, at _Downpatrick_, lately taken down[3], was 66 feet high,
47 in circumference.
[3] The round tower of Downpatrick was taken down, in order
to enlarge the west end of the cathedral, which is now repairing,
after having lain in ruins for a great number of years. And it is
very remarkable, that under the foundations of this tower, were found
the vestiges of a more ancient church, which appears to have been of
exceeding good masonry, and upon a larger scale than the present old
fabrick; in the walls of which there are many pieces of cut stone,
that have evidently been used in some former building. The same
circumstance may also be observed in several of the ruined churches at
Clonmacnoise.
2. Co. Dublin, in _Ship-street_, Dublin, destroyed a few years since.
3. Co. Cork, at _Cork_, pulled down about fifty years.
4. Ditto, at _Brigown_, not long down.
5. Co. Kerry, at _Ardfert_, which fell in 1770.
A very ingenious friend remarks[4], that almost all our round towers
are divided into stories of different heights; the floors supported
in some by projecting stones, in others, joists put in the wall at
building, and in many they are placed upon rests. The last are from
four to six inches, carried round and taken off the thickness of
the wall in the story above; and he very probably conjectures that
these rests do not diminish the thickness of the wall as they ascend,
because then it would not have been sufficiently strong to bear storms
or support the conical cap which was generally solid and heavily
constructed. They seem therefore to be swellings in the wall which
rather add to its thickness upwards, and this Mr. Cooper confirms by
the round tower at _Lusk_, whose wall is three feet thick at top.
_Cashel_ tower is divided into five stories, with holes for joists.
[4] From Ledwich's _Antiquities of Ireland_.
_Fertagh_ has five stories and one rest.--_Kilcullen_ has
three stories and one rest.--_Kildare_ has six stories and
projecting stones for each.--_Monasterboice_ has six stories and
projecting stones.--_Oughterard_ has five stories and projecting
stones.--_Taghadoe_ has six stories, the upper has projecting stones,
the others rests.--_Timahoe_ has seven stories, the second has
projecting stones, the others rests.
The door of _Cashel Tower_ faces the S.E., those of _Kildare_ and
_Kilkenny_ the S., and the others vary.
Four small windows were placed at the top of _Kells Tower_ pointing to
the four cardinal points.
_Kenith Tower_ stands 124 feet--_Drumbo_ 20 feet--_Downpatrick_ 48
feet--_Kildare_ 90 feet--_Kilkenny_ 8 feet--_Dromiskin_ 90 feet, from
their respective Churches. _Ardmore_, _Castledermot_, _Cloyne_, and
other _Towers_ were formerly and at present are used for belfries.
GLOSSARY,
_Or Explanation of some of those Irish Words which most frequently
occur in composition with the names of places._
_Agh_, a Field.
_Anagh_ or _Ana_, a River.
_Ard_, a high Place, or rising Ground.
_Ath_, a Ford.
_Awin_, a River.
_Bally_ or _Ballin_, a Town, or inclosed place of habitation.
_Ban_ or _Bane_, White, or Fair.
_Beg_, Little.
_Ben_, the summit of a Mountain, generally an abrupt head.
_Bun_, a Bottom, Foundation, or Root.
_Car_ or _Cahir_, a city.
_Carrick_, _Carrig_, _Carrow_, a Rock or Stony Place.
_Cork_, _Corcagh_, a Marsh, or swampy Ground.
_Clara_, a Plain.
_Croagh_, _Croghan_, a sharp pointed Hill resembling a Rick.
_Clogh_, _Clough_, a great Stone.
_Curragh_, a marshy or fenny Plain.
_Clon_, a Glade, or a level Pasture Ground.
_Col_, _Cul_, a Corner.
_Derry_, a clear dry Spot in the midst of a woody swamp.
_Don_, a Height or Fastness, a Fortress.
_Donagh_, a Church.
_Drom_, a high narrow Ridge of Hills.
_Inch_, _Inis_, an Island.
_Ken_, a Head.
_Kill_, a Church or Cemetery.
_Knock_, a single Hill, or a Hillock.
_Lick_, a flat stone.
_Lough_, a Lake, or a Pool.
_Magh_, a Plain.
_Main_, a Collection of Hillocks.
_More_, large, great.
_Rath_, a Mount or Entrenchment, a Barrow.
_Ross_, a Point of Land projecting into Waters.
_Shan_, Old.
_Sliebh_, a range of Mountain, a Hill _covered with Heath_.
_Tach_, a House.
_Temple_, a Church.
_Tom_, _Toom_, a Bush.
_Tra_, a Strand.
_Tobar_, _Tubber_, a Well or Spring.
_Tullagh_, a gentle Hill, a Common.
_Tully_, a Place subject to Floods.
TABLE _showing the Difference in Value of_ ENGLISH _and_
IRISH CURRENCY.
English Money exchanged into ||Irish Money exchanged into
Irish, at Par: One Pound || English, at Par: 1Ɩ. 1s. 8d.
English being 1Ɩ. ls. 8d. Irish.|| Irish being 1Ɩ. English.
-----+----------+----+------------++-----+-------------+-----+--------
Eng. | Irish |Eng.| Irish ||Irish| English |Irish|English
-----+----------+----+------------++-----+-------------+-----+--------
£ | £ s. d.| s. | s. d. q. || £ | £ s. d. q.| s. |s. d. q.
900 |975 0 0 | 3 | 3 3 0 || 900 |830 15 4 2 | 4 | 3 8 1
800 |866 13 4 | 4 | 4 4 0 || 800 |738 9 2 3 | 5 | 4 7 1
700 |758 6 8 | 5 | 5 5 0 || 700 |646 3 0 3 | 6 | 5 6 1
600 |650 0 0 | 6 | 6 6 0 || 600 |553 16 11 0 | 7 | 6 5 2
500 |541 13 4 | 7 | 7 7 0 || 500 |461 10 9 0 | 8 | 7 4 2
400 |433 6 8 | 8 | 8 8 0 || 400 |369 4 7 1 | 9 | 8 3 2
300 |325 0 0 | 9 | 9 9 0 || 300 |276 18 5 2 | 10 | 9 2 3
200 |216 13 4 |10 |10 10 0 || 200 |184 12 3 2 | 11 |10 1 3
100 |108 6 8 |11 |11 11 0 || 100 | 92 6 1 3 | 12 |11 0 3
90 | 97 10 0 |12 |13 0 0 || 90 | 83 1 6 1 | 13 |12 0 0
80 | 86 13 4 |13 |14 1 0 || 80 | 73 16 11 0 | 14 |12 11 0
70 | 75 16 8 |14 |15 2 0 || 70 | 64 12 3 2 | 15 |13 10 0
60 | 65 0 0 |15 |16 3 0 || 60 | 55 7 8 1 | 16 |14 9 0
50 | 54 3 4 |16 |17 4 0 || 50 | 46 3 0 3 | 17 |15 8 1
40 | 43 6 8 |17 |18 5 0 || 40 | 36 18 5 2 | 18 |16 7 1
30 | 32 10 0 | |19 6 0 || 30 | 27 13 10 0 | 19 |17 6 1
20 | 21 13 4 | d. | || 20 | 18 9 2 3 | d. |
10 | 10 16 8 | 1 | 0 1 0 || 10 | 9 4 7 1 | 1 | 0 0 3
9 | 9 15 0 | 2 | 0 2 0 || 9 | 8 6 1 3 | 2 | 0 1 3
8 | 8 13 4 | 3 | 0 3 1 || 8 | 7 7 8 1 | 3 | 0 2 3
7 | 7 11 8 | 4 | 0 4 1 || 7 | 6 9 2 3 | 4 | 0 3 2
6 | 6 10 0 | 5 | 0 5 1 || 6 | 5 10 9 0 | 5 | 0 4 2
5 | 5 8 4 | 6 | 0 6 2 || 5 | 4 12 3 2 | 6 | 0 5 2
4 | 4 6 8 | 7 | 0 7 2 || 4 | 3 13 10 0 | 7 | 0 6 1
3 | 3 5 0 | 8 | 0 8 2 || 3 | 2 15 4 2 | 8 | 0 7 1
2 | 2 3 4 | 9 | 0 9 3 || 2 | 1 16 11 0 | 9 | 0 8 1
1 | 1 1 8 |10 | 0 10 3 || 1 | 0 18 5 2 | 10 | 0 9 0
Sh.| |11 | 0 11 3 || Sh. | | 11 | 0 10 0
19 | 1 0 7 |q. | || 1 | 0 0 11 0 | q. |
1 | 0 1 1 | 1 | 0 6 1 || 2 | 0 1 10 0 | 1 | 0 0 1
2 | 0 2 2 | 2 | 0 0 2 || 3 | 0 2 0 0 | 2 | 0 0 2
| | 3 | 0 0 3 || | | 3 | 0 0 0
Description of FRONTISPIECE and other PLATES, with Directions for
placing them.
_Frontispiece_ _Irish Antiquities_, viz.
1.--Oratory near Killaloe, supposed the oldest and most curious Monuments
in Ireland; they are also to be seen at Glendaloch, Co.
of Wicklow; St. Doulach's near Dublin; at Cashel, Co. of Tipperary;
and Portaferry, Co. of Down.
Vide _Killaloe, Co. of Clare._