BOOK CXL.

[Y. R. 743. B. C. 9.] The war against the German nations beyond the

Rhine, conducted by Drusus, is recorded in this book. Drusus himself,

his horse having fallen on his leg, died of the fracture thirteen days

after the accident. His body was conveyed to Rome by his brother, Nero,

who having been summoned by the tidings of his illness, had quickly come

to him, and it was buried in the tomb of Caius Julius. His funeral

eulogium was pronounced by Cæsar Augustus, his stepfather, and many

honours were added to his last rites.

FRAGMENTS

OF

THE HISTORY OF LIVY.

TRANSLATED

BY WILLIAM A. M‘DEVITTE, SEN. MOD. EX. SCHOL. A. B. T. C. D.

N. B. An asterisk is prefixed to such fragments as can, by a probable

conjecture, be referred to the books to which they belong: the other

fragments, to which we cannot assign their proper place in the books of

Livy, together with what remains of a letter inscribed to his son, have

been added subsequently.

* Belonging to the 12th book.

Pyrrhus was a consummate tactician, but more skilful in the arrangements

of a battle than the operations of a war.—Servius on Virg. Æn. i. 456.

* Belonging to the 13th book.

We might have held it in private.—Priscian.

* Belonging to the 14th book.

Both Livy and Sallust inform us that the ancients used scythe-armed

chariots.—Servius. Virg. Æn. i. 476.

* Belonging to the 16th book.

Sichæeus was called Sicharbas; Belus, the father of Dido, Methres;

Carthage from Carthada, (as we read it,) which is found in the history

of the Carthaginians, and in Livy.—Servius. Virg. Æn. i. 343.

Carthage signifies, in the Punic tongue, “New City,” as Livy informs

us.—Servius. Virg. Æn. i. 366.

Bitias was the admiral of the Punic fleet, as Livy informs us.

Servius.—Virg. Æn. i. 738.

* Belonging to the 17th book.

The day before the Nones. The day before the Ides.—Priscian.

* Belonging to the 18th book.

Beardless.—Charis. book i.

There is also mention made by Livy of a serpent, in a narrative alike

interesting and eloquent.

For he says that there was in Africa, at the river Bagradas, a snake of

such enormous size, that it prevented the army of Atilius Regulus from

using the water: and that, after seizing many of the soldiers in its

powerful fangs, and crushing several to death in the folds of its tail,

as soon as they discovered that it could not be injured by weapons cast

by the hand, it was at last attacked on every side by missiles from the

engines, and killed by numerous and ponderous blows of huge stones; and

that it appeared to all, both cohorts and legions, more terrible than

Carthage itself. He narrates that the Romans were compelled to remove

their camp, owing to the river being tinged with its blood, and the air

in the vicinity being corrupted by the pestilential effluvia.

He says, too, that the skin of the monster, which was a hundred and

twenty feet long, was sent to Rome.—Valerius Maximus.

* Belonging to the 19th book.

The third (secular) games were celebrated, according to Antias and Livy,

in the consulship of Publius Claudius Pulcher, and Caius Junius

Pullus.—Censorinus.

It is recorded in Livy that when a certain general, who was desirous of

carrying on a war, was prevented by one of the tribunes of the commons

from setting out on the expedition, he ordered the sacred chickens to be

brought forward: when they did not eat the corn that was cast before

them, the consul, in derision of the augury, said, “let them drink,” and

cast them into the Tiber. Afterwards, when returning victorious in his

ships, he was drowned off the coast of Africa, with all that he

commanded.—Servius. Virg. Æn. vi. 198.

* Belonging to the 22nd book.

And in repeating the attack with a small body of troops on the walls of

Alisfa, after coming like a marauder, an elephant covered with armour

broke forth from the town: the consul took it, and after slaying those

on its back, reserved it for the fight. But the townsmen, as they felt

little anxiety about it, on the second day, armed with shields, engraven

with the figures of elephants, attack a few fugitives, and retake the

elephant under more favourable omens; and the inhabitants give the name

of Alifæ to the town, formerly called Ruffius, from the circumstance of

the favourable following the unfavourable omen.

This fragment is undoubtedly spurious.

* Belonging to the 49th book.

There are three different opinions concerning the date of the fourth

(secular) games. For Antias, and Varro, and Livy have recorded, that

they were exhibited in the consulate of Lucius Marcius Censorinus and

Manius Manilius, in the six hundred and fifth year after the foundation

of Rome.—Censorinus.

* Belonging to the 56th book.

Who say that Pompey pleaded disease as an excuse, lest, by his presence

in the tumult, he might irritate the minds of the Numantines.—Priscian.

* Belonging to the 77th book.

Sulla makes a most noble matrimonial alliance, by marrying Cæcilia, the

daughter of Metellus, the pontifex maximus. For which reason the

populace chanted many lampoons against him, and many of the principal

men envied him, considering him, whom they judged deserving of

consulship, unworthy of that woman, as Livy remarks.—Plutarch. Sulla.

Livy relates that, when Sulla first advanced to the city against Marius,

the entrails appeared so propitious to the person sacrificing, that

Postumius, the soothsayer, expressed his willingness to give himself

into custody, on condition that he should suffer capital punishment, if

Sulla did not, by the aid of the gods, succeed in the projects which he

had in contemplation.—Augustin.

* Belonging to the 83rd book.

Since when all the statues were overthrown and burned along with the

town, the statue of Minerva alone is reported (as Livy says) to have

stood uninjured under the ruins of that immense temple.—Augustin.

Belonging to the 91st book.

The inhabitants of Contrebia, although they were attacked by the pangs

of famine, in addition to their other calamities, after making many

ineffectual attempts to repel the war from their city and walls, injured

the works of Sertorius by casting fire from the walls; and a tower of

many stories, which exceeded in height all the fortifications of the

city, being consumed by the spreading flames, fell to the ground with a

great crash. However, during the following night another tower was

reared in the same place, by the efforts of Sertorius, who remained

awake all night; the sight of which at the dawn struck the enemy with

astonishment. At the same time the city-tower, which had been their

strongest defence, as its foundations were undermined, began to yawn

with great rents, and afterwards take fire from a torch that was thrown

against it; and the inhabitants of Contrebia, being terrified by the

fear of the fire and fall of the battlements combined, fled in alarm

from the walls: and the whole populace shouted out that ambassadors

should be sent to surrender the city. The same valour which had urged

Sertorius to besiege them when they provoked him, made him, when

victorious, more inclined to mercy. After receiving hostages, he exacted

a small sum of money, and took away from them all their arms. He ordered

the deserters that were freemen to be brought alive to him: he ordered

the inhabitants to slay the fugitive slaves, of whom there was a greater

number. They cut their throats and cast them from the walls. Having

reduced Contrebia, after a siege of forty-four days, which cost him a

great number of men, and having left Lucius Insteius in command there

with a strong garrison, he himself marched his army to the river Iberus.

Then having built his winter quarters nigh to the town, which is called

Castra Ælia, he remained in person in the camp; during the day he held a

congress of the allied states in the town. He had previously issued a

proclamation throughout the entire province, that each state should make

arms in proportion to its resources: and after inspecting them, he

ordered his soldiers to bring in their other arms, which had been

rendered ineffective by frequent marches, or assaults and battles, and

divided the new arms among the men by means of the centurions. He also

furnished the cavalry with new arms: and distributed among them clothes,

which had been previously prepared for them, and gave them pay also. He

searched carefully for mechanics, and brought them together from every

quarter, and erected public manufactories in which he could employ their

labour, and made calculations of the amount of work that could be done

each day. Therefore all the implements of war were in process of

preparation at the same time: neither did the mechanics want materials,

as all things had been previously prepared by the zealous efforts of the

states; nor was any department of the service unprovided with proper

workmen. Then, after calling together the embassies of all the nations

and states, he returned them thanks, because they furnished the supplies

which had been levied on them for the infantry: he laid before them a

statement of the acts which he had performed in defending his allies and

besieging the cities of the enemy, and encouraged them to prosecute the

war with vigour: he informed them, briefly, how deeply the provinces of

Spain were interested in the success of his party. He then dismissed the

assembly, and after bidding them all to be of good courage, and return

to their respective states, he sent Marcus Perperna early in spring with

twenty thousand infantry and fifteen hundred cavalry, to the nation of

the Ilercaonians, to defend the maritime coast of that country: he gave

him instructions relative to the routes by which he should march to

defend the cities in alliance with him, which Pompey was besieging, and

pointed out the places in which he might lay ambuscades for Pompey on

his march. At the same time he sent letters to Herennuleius, who was in

the same country, and to Lucius Hirtulius, in the other province, with

instructions as to the manner in which he wished the war to be

conducted: charging him especially “to defend the allied states in such

a manner as not to fight a pitched battle with Metellus, for whom he was

not a match either in influence or strength. That he himself did not

intend to march against Pompey; nor did he believe that the latter would

come to a pitched battle; since if the war were protracted, the enemy

could procure supplies from every quarter by their shipping, as they had

the sea at their back, and all the provinces under their dominion; and

that he himself would be reduced to want of every thing, since what he

had previously stored was consumed during the former summer. That

Perperna was appointed to the command of the region bordering on the

sea, in order that he might be able to defend the country which was as

yet free from the ravages of the enemy, and at the same time attack them

unawares, if any opportunity should occur.” He determined to march in

person with his army against the Beronians and Autrigonians; because he

ascertained that they had frequently, during the winter, solicited aid

from Pompey, and had sent persons to point out the way to the Roman

army, during the time that he himself was employed in besieging the

Celtiberian cities; and besides, his soldiers were often harassed by

their cavalry during the siege of Contrebia, in whatsoever direction

they might proceed in search of corn and forage. They had even the

hardihood at that time to solicit the Arevaci to join their party. He

intended, after giving them an example of the severity of war, to

deliberate which of his two enemies he should attack, which of the two

provinces he should repair to: whether he should go to the maritime

coast, to prevent Pompey from entering Ilercaonia and Contestania, both

of which were allied nations, or should turn his attention to Metellus

and Lusitania. Sertorius, anxiously deliberating on these plans, marched

his army peaceably along the banks of the river Iberus, through the

territory of his allies, without injuring any one. Then he marched into

the territories of the Bursaonians, Cascantinians, and Gracchuritanians;

and after wasting every thing, and trampling down the crops, came to

Calaguris Nasica, a city of the allies; and after passing the river nigh

to the town, by a bridge built for the occasion, he encamped there. On

the next day he sent Marcus Marius, the quæstor, into the territory of

the Arevacans and Cerindonians, to enlist soldiers among those nations,

and to convey the corn from them to Contrebia, called also Leucas, near

which city lay the most convenient roads leading out of the country of

the Beronians, in whatever direction he should determine to march his

army: and he sent Caius Insteius, the prefect of the cavalry, to Liguria

and the nation of the Vaccæans, to search for horsemen, with orders to

wait for him at Contrebia with such cavalry as he could collect. After

despatching them, he himself set out, and having marched his army

through the territory of the Vasconians, pitched his camp on the

confines of the Beronians. On the next day he went forward with the

cavalry to reconnoitre the roads, after giving orders to the infantry to

march in the form of a square, and came to Vaccæa, the strongest city in

that country. He came on them unexpectedly during the night. The

townsmen having summoned from every quarter the cavalry, both of their

own nation and the Autrigonians, made a sally and marched against

Sertorius, to prevent him from entering the pass.—The Vatican copy of

Livy. This was the first battle that was fought between Sertorius and

Pompey. We have the authority of Livy, that Pompey’s army lost ten

thousand men and all their baggage.—Frontinus.

* Belonging to the 94th book.

Livy says, in his 94th book, that Inarime was in part of Mæonia, where,

for an extent of fifty miles, the earth has been burned with fire. He

intimates that Homer signified the same fact.—Servius. Æn. ix. 715.

Belonging to the 97th book.

Livy relates that thirty thousand armed men (composed of the fugitives

conquered by Crassus) were slain in that battle with their leaders,

Castus and Gannicus, and that five of the Roman eagles were recovered,

besides twenty-six military standards, and many spoils, among which were

the rods and axes.—Frontinus.

* Belonging to the 98th book.

Livy says that the Romans never before, with such inferior numbers,

engaged an enemy. For the victors were scarcely equal in number to a

twentieth, or even a smaller portion, of the conquered.—Plutarch.

Lucullus. We have the authority of Livy that in the former engagement

(that at Tigranocerta) a greater number of the enemy was slain and taken

prisoners, but in the latter battle (that at Artaxata) the noblest of

the nation met that fate.—Plutarch. Lucullus.

* Belonging to the 99th book.

Crete had at first a hundred cities; from which circumstance it was

called Hecatompolis; afterwards it contained twenty-four; and

subsequently, as we are told, two, Gnossus and Hierapytna: although Livy

says that several were stormed by Metellus.—Servius. Virg. Æn. iii. 106.

* Belonging to the 102nd book.

After having dissolved this.—Agroetius. For on the capture of the city,

(he alludes to the capture of Jerusalem by Cneius Pompeius,) in the

third month of the siege, on a fast-day, in the 179th Olympiad, in the

consulship of Caius Antonius and Marcus Tullius Cicero, when the Romans,

after storming the town, were butchering those who were in the temple;

notwithstanding all this, those who were engaged in the sacred

ceremonies continued to offer divine worship with the same attention,

and were not induced, either by the fear of losing their lives, or by

the number of men who were slain around them, to take to flight, for

they considered it better to suffer at the very altars whatever they

might be compelled to endure, than to neglect any of the commandments

instituted by their forefathers. Those who have recorded the

achievements of Pompey, testify that these facts were not invented,

merely with a tendency to extol a false piety, but that they are really

true; among these writers may be enumerated Strabo and Nicolaus, and in

addition to them Titus Livy, the writer of Roman History.—Josephus.

Belonging to the 103rd book.

The cancer which eats away the body is more horrible. When concealed it

consumes the vitals; when palpable, tears them away: formerly the

ancients expelled it by various remedies. For the 103rd book of Titus

Livy informs us that such an ulcer was cut out by a red-hot knife, or

driven away by drinking the seed of rape: he asserts that the life of a

person who has received the infection can scarcely be prolonged for

seven days; so great is the violence of the disease.—Q. Seren. Lamon.

* Belonging to the 105th book.

Livy among the ancients, and Fabius Rusticus among the moderns, both

most eloquent writers, have compared the shape of Great Britain to an

oblong shield, or two-edged battle-axe.—Tacitus. Agric. Although no one

as yet has made the circuit of the entire of Britain, as Livy relates,

still various opinions have been expressed by many in speaking on that

subject.—Jornandes.

* Belonging to the 109th book.

In the seven hundredth year from the foundation of Rome, a

conflagration, the origin of which has not been ascertained, broke out

in that city, and consumed fourteen divisions of it: never, as Livy

remarks, was it wasted by a greater fire; so extensive was it, that

several years after, Cæsar Augustus gave a large sum of money out of

the public treasury for the purpose of rebuilding those edifices which

were then burned to the ground.—Orosius. Cæsar, having crossed the river

Rubicon, on his reaching Ariminum soon after, issued the necessary

commands to the five cohorts, which were the only troops that he then

had, and with which, as Livy says, he attacked the world.—Orosius.

* Belonging to the 111th book.

Caius Crastinus was the first that struck an enemy on the late occasion,

which he did with the first javelin that he could seize.—Scholiast on

Lucan. Caius Cornelius, a man skilled in the science of augury, the

fellow-citizen and intimate friend of Livy the historian, happened to be

engaged in taking auspices at the same time. He first, as Livy records,

knew the exact period of the battle (of Pharsalia), and told the

bystanders that the affair was going on at that moment, and that the

leaders were commencing battle. When he took the auguries a second time,

and beheld the signs, he leaped up in a fit of inspiration, shouting

out, “Cæsar, thou art conquering!” While they who were present were

astonished, he took off the garland from his head, and swore that he

would not replace it until the event was proved to correspond to his

art. Livy positively asserts that this is true.—Plutarch. Cæsar.

Belonging to the 112th book.

Bogud Bogudis, the name of a barbarian, which Livy has declined in the

112th book with the genitive Bogudis.—Priscian. Cassius and Bogud

attacked the camp also in different parts, and were not far from forcing

the works. At which time also he endeavoured to transport his army

rapidly into Africa, for the purpose of strengthening the kingdom of

Bogud. Cassius would have waged war against Trebonius, if he could have

induced Bogud to become a partner in his mad design.—Priscian. Four

hundred thousand books, the noblest monument of the wealth of kings that

ever existed, were burned at Alexandria. Other writers have spoken in

favour of this library; Livy, for instance, who said that it was the

surpassing work of the elegance and research of kings.—Seneca.

Belonging to the 113th book.

And he himself defended the coast about Palpud.

* Belonging to the 114th book.

These are the accounts that some give of Bassus; but Livy says that he

fought under the command of Pompey, and on his defeat lived privately at

Tyre, and by bribing some of the legionary soldiers, succeeded in being

elected general by them when Sextus was killed.—Appian. I should wish my

lot to be such as Titus Livy describes Cato’s to have been: for his

glory was of such an elevated character, that no addition to or

diminution of it was made by the praise or blame of any man, though men

of the greatest abilities did both. He alludes to Marcus Cicero and

Caius Cæsar, the former of whom wrote in praise, and the latter in

condemnation, of the above-mentioned individual.—Hieronymus.

* Belonging to the 116th book.

According to the narrative of Livy, an ornamental top had been added to

the house of Cæsar, by a decree of the senate, to give it beauty and

grandeur. His wife Calpurnia imagined in her dreams that this had

fallen, and that she was lamenting and weeping over it. Therefore, when

day dawned, she entreated Cæsar not to go into the street that day, but

postpone the meeting of the senate to another occasion, if he could

possibly effect it.—Plutarch. Cæsar. It is considered an evil omen when

Mount Ætna, in Sicily, emits not only smoke, but balls of fire: and Livy

says that such extensive flames issued from it before the death of

Cæsar; that not only the neighbouring cities, but also the state of

Rhegium, which is far distant from it, felt the fiery vapour.—Servius.

The remark that was generally made concerning Julius Cæsar, and

attributed to Titus Livy, is applicable also to the winds; namely, that

it was doubtful whether his existence or non-existence would have been

more advantageous to the republic.—Seneca.

* Belonging to the 118th book.

In opposition to the murderers of Caius Cæsar, he levied some troops to

assist his avengers.

* Belonging to the 120th book.

Marcus Cicero had left the city a little before the arrival of the

triumvirs, considering it certain that there was no greater possibility

of his being rescued from Antonius, than of Brutus and Cassius being

saved from Cæsar, and so the matter really was. He fled first to the

territory of Tusculum, and afterwards proceeded by crossroads into the

territory of Formiæ, with the intention of embarking at Caieta. From

which he sailed out several times into the deep sea, but when the

adverse winds at one time drove him back, at another he himself could

not endure the pitching of the ship in the heavy roll of the sea, he was

at length seized with a disgust at both life and flight: and having

returned to his upper villa, which is little more than a mile from the

sea, he said, “I will die in my native land that I have saved so often.”

It is ascertained that his slaves were prepared to fight with bravery

and fidelity; and that he himself ordered them to lay down the litter,

and bear with resignation whatever the severity of fortune would enjoin.

As he stretched forth from the litter, and held his neck unmoved, his

head was cut off. Nor did that suffice the senseless cruelty of the

soldiers. They cut off his hands also, in reproach of their having

written any thing against Antonius. In this way his head was brought to

Antonius, and by his orders placed between his hands on the rostrum. The

people, raising up their eyes bedimmed with tears, could scarcely bear

the sight of his dismembered limbs. He lived sixty-three years; so that

in the absence of violence his death would not have seemed a premature

one: his genius was successfully displayed in his works, and in gaining

the rewards of his works: he himself was for a long time prosperous, yet

during his long career of success suffering occasionally great

calamities: namely, exile, the ruin of the party which he had espoused,

the death of his daughter, his own, so miserable and galling; none of

which calamities he bore with the firmness worthy of a man, except his

death, which, to a man that estimated matters justly, might seem less

likely to call forth indignation, as he had not suffered from his

victorious enemy greater cruelty than he would himself have practised,

if he had been equally successful. However, if any one will weigh

accurately his virtues against his vices, he will come to the conclusion

that he was a great, energetic, and remarkable man, and one who would

require the eulogies of a second Cicero to do justice to his merit.

Belonging to the 127th book.

Since traces of the dissensions between Augustus and Antonius still

existed, Cocceius Nerva, the ancestor of that Nerva who was subsequently

emperor of Rome, recommended to Augustus to send deputies to treat of

affairs in general. Therefore Mæcenas and Agrippa were sent, who brought

both armies into one camp, as Livy relates in the 127th book. But we

must understand that when Fonteius was deputed by Antonius, Augustus

sent Mæcenas and others to the same place.—Acro on Horace. When a

dispute arose between Cæsar Augustus and Antonius, Cocceius Nerva, the

ancestor of him who was afterwards emperor of Rome, requested of Cæsar

to send some one to Tarracina to negotiate the principal points. Mæcenas

held the conference first, and was shortly after joined by Agrippa, and

there entered into a most solemn compact with Antonius’s deputies, and

ordered the standards of both armies to be brought together into the

same camp. Livy mentions this also in the 127th book, but makes no

mention of Capito.—Porphyrio on Horace. Fonteius Capito had been sent as

deputy by Antonius and Mæcenas, and Agrippa, in a similar capacity, by

Augustus, owing to the mediation of Cocceius Nerva, who possessed great

influence with both Augustus and Antonius, and was the ancestor of the

emperor Nerva. But the deputies met for the purpose of negotiating the

general interests of their principals, and settling the disputes that

had broken out between these two commanders; which they did, and brought

both armies into one camp, near Brundusium; an event which was hailed

with great demonstrations of joy, as Livy relates in the 127th

book.—Commentator Cruquii on Horace.

* Belonging to the 133rd book.

Livy relates that Cleopatra, when after her capture by Augustus she was

designedly treated with great indulgence, used to say: I will not grace

a triumph.—Commentator Cruquii. Hor. Odes, i. 37.

Belonging to the 136th book.

In the same year Cæsar celebrated the secular games with great pomp;

they were usually celebrated every hundredth year (for such was the

limit of a secular period).—Censorinus.

A man of great but ill-directed abilities.—Seneca.

I confess that I am astonished that Titus Livy, a most celebrated

writer, in one of the volumes of his history, which he traces back to

the foundation of the city, used the following exordium: that he had

already acquired sufficient glory, and had it in his power to cease his

exertions, were it not that his intellectual restlessness obtained food

by labour.—Pliny.

Titus Livy and Cornelius Nepos have recorded that the breadth of the

Straits of Gibraltar at the narrowest part is seven miles; but at the

widest part ten miles.—Pliny. The proper number of consuls being

elected.—Servius.

Thou, whosoever thou art, shalt be ours, are the words of a general

receiving a deserter under his protection, in which sense we meet them

in Livy.—Servius.

I was destined from my birth to be a general, not a common soldier.

William of Malmesbury appears to have borrowed this expression of Scipio

from Livy.

Tell me, when we often read in Roman history, on the authority of Livy,

that countless thousands of men perished very frequently in this city by

the breaking out of plagues, and that matters often came to such a state

that there were scarcely sufficient men to constitute an army in those

warlike times, were no sacrifices offered to your god, Februarius, at

that period? Or was his worship utterly ineffectual? Were not the

Lupercalia celebrated at that time? For you cannot say that these sacred

rites were unknown at the time since they were said to have been

introduced into Italy by Evander before the date of Romulus. But Livy,

in his second decade, tells us the reason of the institution of the

Lupercalia (as they are intimately connected with his own

superstitions): he does not say that they were instituted to check

disease, but to remove the barrenness of women, which was then

prevalent.—Gelasius.

According to Livy, ambassadors suing for peace are called

heralds.—Servius.

Livy calls silver heavy; he means masses of it.—Servius.

On this eminence (the promontory of Circæum) was a town, which was

called both Circæum and Circæi. For Livy uses both.—Servius.

Titus Livius was so unfavourable to Sallust, that he reproached him with

this sentence, “prosperity has a wonderful tendency to cloak

misconduct,” as being not only translated, but even spoiled in the

translation. Nor does he do this out of regard to Thucydides, with a

view to extol him. He praises him whose rivalry he does not fear, and

thinks that Sallust could be more easily surpassed by him if he were

previously excelled by Thucydides.—Seneca.

Titus Livy used to say that Miltiades, the rhetorician, made the

following elegant remark—“they are mad on common-place subjects ...” in

reference to orators who hunt after antiquated or obsolete terms, and

consider chastity of style to consist in obscurity of diction.—Seneca.

Several have fallen into the same error: nor is it a novel defect, since

I find, even in Livy, that there was a certain teacher of rhetoric who

ordered his pupils to throw an air of mystery over their expressions,

which he expressed by the Greek word σκότισον. From which circumstance

originated the remarkable expression of approbation: “so much the

better: even I myself did not understand.”—Quintilian.

Therefore that hint was the safest, of which an example occurs in Livy,

in the letter written to his son, “we ought to read Demosthenes and

Cicero, and them too in such a manner that each of us should closely

resemble Demosthenes and Cicero.”—Quintilian.

THE END.

INDEX.

_The numerals refer to the books, the figures to the chapters._

ABDERITES complain of the rapacity and cruelty of Hortensius,

and redress is ordered by the senate, xliii. 4.

Abelox, a Spaniard, contrives to put into Scipio’s hands the

hostages left by Hannibal at Saguntum, xxii. 22.

Aborigines, united to the Trojans, lose their king Latinus in

battle, i. 1, 2.

Abrupolis, an ally of the Romans, oppressed by Perseus, xlii. 13.

Charged by him as the aggressor, 41.

Aburius, C., ambassador to Africa, xlii. 35.

——, M., prætor, xli. 14.

————, plebeian tribune, xxxix. 4.

Abydus, city of Mysia, besieged by Philip, xxxi. 14.

Desperate resolution of the townsmen, 17.

They kill their wives, children, and themselves, 18.

The Rhodians insist on the Macedonian garrison being withdrawn,

xxxii. 33.

Which is made an article in a treaty of peace, xxxiii. 30.

It is besieged by the Romans, xxxvii. 12.

Acarnania, xxvi. 24, 25, 26.

Two Acarnanians killed at Athens, for entering the temple of Ceres,

which gives rise to the Macedonian war, xxxi. 14.

Acerræ, city, admitted to the freedom of Rome, viii. 17.

Sacked and burned by Hannibal, xxiii. 17.

Rebuilt, xxvii. 3.

Achaia, xxv. 15.

Achæans, assisted by Philip against the Ætolians, xxvii. 29.

Gain a victory at Messene, 32.

In a council at Sicyon they determine in favour of the Romans, xxxii.

19, 23.

Are declared free, xxxiii. 20.

Proclaim war against Antiochus, xxxv. 50;

against the Lacedæmonians, xxxviii. 32.

Refuse audience to the ambassadors of Perseus, xli. 25.

Achæron, river of Molossis, viii. 24.

——, or Acherusia, river in Italy, viii. 24.

Achelous river, xliii. 21, 23.

Achradina, _see_ Syracuse.

Acilius, historian, his work translated into Latin by Claudius,

xxv. 39.

——, C., plebeian tribune, xxxii. 29.

Acilius, L., lieutenant-general, xl. 31, 32.

——, Glabrio, Man., plebeian tribune, xxx. 40.

Commissioner of religious affairs, xxxi. 50.

Plebeian ædile, xxxiii. 25.

Consul, xxxvi. 1, 2, 3.

Arrives with his army in Thessaly, 14.

His proceedings in Greece, 15-20.

When he defeats Antiochus and the Ætolians at Thermopylæ, reduces

Heraclea, xxii. 24.

Reduces the Ætolians to submission, 28;

and composes the affairs of Greece, 35.

Takes Lamia and Amphissa from the Ætolians, xxxvii, 5.

Triumphs, 46.

Dedicates a temple to Piety, in which he places a gilded statue of

his father, the first of the kind seen in Italy, xl. 34.

——, Q., commissioner of a colony, xxi. 25.

Acræ, town, xxiv. 36; xxxv. 27.

Acrillæ, city, xxiv. 35.

Acrocorinthus, citadel, xxxvi. 49, 50.

Actium, promontory, xliv. 1.

Adherbal, defeated at sea by Lælius, xxviii. 30.

Adramytteum, city of Asia, in the plain of Thebes, celebrated by Homer,

xxxvii. 19, 21.

Adria, Tuscan colony, v. 33; xxvii. 10; xxxiv. 45.

Adriatic Sea, i. 1; v. 33; xl. 21, 57.

Adultery, punished by a fine, x. 31.

Æbutia, Roman matron, xxxix. 11, 12.

Æbutius, L., consul, dies of a pestilence, iii. 6.

——, Elva, M., commissioner of a colony, iv. 11.

——, M., military tribune, xli. 1.

——, Elva, M., prætor, xliv. 17.

——, Cornicen, Postumus, consul, iv. 11.

——, T., consul, and master of horse, ii. 19.

——, Carus, T., commissioner of a colony, xxxix. 55; xlii. 4.

Ædiles, plebeian, iii. 6.

Are ordered to keep the decrees of the senate in the temple of Ceres,

and their persons are declared inviolable, 55.

——, curule or patrician, vi. 42; vii. 1.

Commence a practice of ornamenting the forum on festivals, ix. 40.

Æditui, xxx. 17.

Æduans, people of Gaul, v. 34.

Ægates, islands, xxi. 10, 41, 49; xxii. 54, 56; xxiii. 13; xxx. 32.

Ægean Sea, xxxvi. 43.

Ægimurus island, xxix. 27.

At the mouth of the harbour of Carthage, xxx. 24.

Ægina, island, xxvii. 30, 33; xxviii. 5; xxxi. 14—33; xxxii. 39;

xxxiii. 17, 30; xxxvi. 42; xlii. 14, 18.

Æginium, town, xxxii. 15; xxxvi. 13; xliv. 46; xlv. 27.

Ægium, sea-port, xxviii. 7, 8; xxxv. 26, 47, 48.

Ælius, C., prætor, xxxii. 26.

Military tribune, xli. 1, 4.

——, Pætus, L., plebeian ædile, x. 23.

————, P. one of the first plebeian quæstors, iv. 54.

——, P., prætus, xxx. 17, 21.

Ambassador to Antiochus, xxxiv. 59.

——, Pætus, P., consul, viii. 15.

Master of horse, resigns on his election appearing faulty, ix. 7.

Augur, x. 9.

————, P., prætor, xxix. 38.

Commissioner of lands, xxxi. 4.

Of a colony, xxxii. 2.

Censor, 7.

Augur, xli. 21.

——, Ligus, P., consul, xlii. 9; xlv. 17.

——, Tubero, P., prætor, xxx. 40.

Commissioner of a colony, xxxv. 9.

Commissioner to Asia, xxxvii. 55.

——, Q., xli. 6.

——, Pætus, Q., xxii. 35; xxiii. 21; xli. 21.

——, Tubero, Q., historian, iv. 23; x. 9.

————, plebeian tribune, xxxiv. 53; xxxv. 9.

——, Q., charged by the consul with the care of Perseus when a prisoner,

xlv. 8.

——, Pætus, Sex., xxxii. 2.

Consul, 7.

Censor, xxxiv. 44; xxxv. 8.

——, T., military tribune, xli. 1, 4.

Æmilia, wife of Scipio Africanus, xxxviii. 57.

Æmilian law, ix. 33, 34.

——, tribe, xxxviii. 36.

——, portico, xli. 27.

Æmilius, consul, compels Cleonymus to re-embark, x. 2.

——, C., consular tribune, v. 26.

A second time, 32.

——, L., consul, ii. 42.

A second time, 49.

A third, 54.

————, consular tribune, vi. 1.

A second time, 5.

A third, 21.

A fourth, 22.

A fifth, 32.

————, interrex, vii. 17.

Being again interrex, he holds the election of consuls, viii. 23.

——, Mamercinus, L., consul, vii. 1.

A second time, 3.

Master of horse, 21.

——, Regillus, L., commander of the fleet employed against Antiochus,

xxxvii. 1, 14.

Defeats the enemy’s fleet, 29, 30.

Triumphs, 58.

_See_ xl. 52.

Æmilius Mamercinus, L., master of horse vii. 39.

Consul, viii. 1.

Dictator, 16.

A second time consul, 20.

Again dictator, ix. 21.

——, Scaurus, L., xxxvii. 31.

——, Paullus, L., commissioner of a colony, xxxiv. 45.

Ædile, xxxv. 10.

Prætor, 24.

Commissioner to settle the affairs of Asia, xxxvii. 55.

Defeats the Lusitanians, 57.

Consul, xxxix. 56.

Proconsul, triumphs over the Ligurians, xl. 28.

A second time consul, xliv. 17.

His conduct in the war against Perseus, 13—42.

When he gains a complete victory, he receives Perseus with courtesy,

xlv. 7.

He, with fifteen commissioners, adjusts the affairs of Macedonia, 29.

Exhibits games at Amphipolis with extraordinary magnificence, 32.

Triumphs over Perseus, and loses his two sons, 40.

——, L., ambassador to Carthage, xxi. 18.

——, Paullus, L., a second time consul, xxii. 35.

Is slain at Cannæ, xxiii. 21.

——, Mamercus, consular tribune, iv. 16.

Dictator, 17.

Triumphs over the Veians, 20.

A second time dictator, 23.

He shortens the term of the censorship, 24.

A third time dictator, 31.

He triumphs over the Veians, 34.

——, Manius, consul, iv. 53.

Consular tribune, 61.

A second time consul, v. 1.

A third time consular tribune, 10.

——, Man., consular tribune, v. 32.

——, Papirius, Man., dictator, lx. 7.

——, Paullus, Man., master of horse, x. 3.

——, Man., ambassador to king Philip, xxxi. 18.

Consul, xxxviii. 42.

Censor and chief pontiff, xl. 45.

Chosen a third time prince of the senate, xliii. 15.

Æmus, xl. 21, 22.

Ænaria, island, viii. 22.

Æneas, i. 1, 2.

——, Sylvius, third king of Alba, i. 3.

Æqui, or Æquicolæ, i. 3.

They invade Latium, ii. 30.

Are defeated, 31.

A quarrel, and furious battle, between them and the Volscians, 40.

They make war on the Romans, and harass the Latins, 48, 53, 58.

Are conquered, 60.

Are defeated by Servilius, iii. 2.

Again, 3.

Again, 5.

In conjunction with the Volscians, they ravage the lands of the

Romans and Hernicians, 6.

Are routed by Lucretius, 8.

Seize the citadel of Tusculum, and suffer a severe overthrow, 23.

Obtain peace, 24.

Surround the consul Minucius in his camp, 26.

Are surrounded and sent under the yoke, by Q. Cincinnatus, dictator,

28.

Are again defeated, 31.

They defeat a Roman army, 42;

after several losses in battle, 60, 61, 70; iv. 26.

They obtain a truce of eight years, 30.

They join the Lavicans, and waste the lands of Tusculum, 45.

Are driven out of that country, 47;

and from Vola, 49.

Attack Lavici, v. 16.

Are compelled to retire with loss, 28.

Suffer the same fate at Vitellia, 29, 31.

Are almost entirely cut off in battle, ix. 45;

and are finally subdued by C. Junius, dictator, x. 1.

How they were enabled to recruit their armies, v. 12.

Æquimælium, iv. 16; xxiv. 47; xxxviii. 28.

Ærarii facti, disenfranchised, iv. 24.

Æs grave, iv. 41, 60.

Æneates, people, xl. 4.

Ænus, town, declared free, xxxvii. 60; xxxix. 33; xlv. 20.

Æolis, country, xxxiii. 38; xxxiv. 58; xxxv. 16; xxxvii. 8, 35.

Æsceulapius, brought from Epidaurus to Rome, xxix. 11.

His temple adorned with pictures by Lucretius, xliii. 4.

Æsula, its citadel, xxvi. 9.

Ætna, mount, xxvi. 29.

Ætolians, form an alliance with the Romans, xxvi. 24.

Make war on Macedonia and Acarnania, 25.

Ravage Achaia, xxvii. 29.

Are defeated by Philip, 30.

Dislodged from Thermopylæ, xxviii. 7.

Make peace with him, xxix. 12.

Solicit the aid of Antiochus, Philip, and Nabis, against the Romans,

xxxv. 12.

Openly declare war, 33;

and seize Demetrias, 34.

Are defeated, together with Antiochus, at Thermopylæ, by Acilius,

xxxvi. 19.

Sue for peace, 27.

Obtain a truce, 28.

Renew hostilities, 29.

Obtain peace, xxxviii. 11.

Their internal commotions, xli. 25.

The parties reconciled, xliii. 5.

Afranius Stellio, C., prætor, xxxix. 23.

Deputed to Perseus, xliii. 18.

Africa furnished with a strong army by Hannibal, xxi. 22.

The consul, Servilius, is unsuccessful there, xxii. 31.

It is ravaged by M. Valerius Messala, xxvii. 5.

Scipio goes into Africa, xxix. 26, 27.

_See_ Scipio, Hannibal.

African wind, xxvi. 41; xxx. 24.

Agathocles, king of Syracuse, went into Africa, xxviii. 43.

Agathyrna, town in Sicily, filled with miscreants, xxvi. 40; xxvii. 12.

Agesipolis, rightful heir to the crown of Lacedæmon, an exile, xxxiv.

26.

Aglaspides, a band of soldiers, xliv. 41.

Agrians, xxviii. 5; xxxiii. 18; xlii. 51.

Agrigentum, xxiv. 35; xxv. 23.

Is surrendered to the Romans, xxvi. 4; xxxvi. 2.

Agrarian law, first proposed by Cassius, ii. 41.

Disputes concerning it, iii. 1; iv. 48; vi. 11, &c.

Agrippa, king of Alba, i. 3.

Aius Locutius, v. 50.

Alabanda, xxxiii. 2; xxxviii. 13.

Alabandans inform the senate, that they had built a temple to the

city of Rome as a deity and instituted games in honour of it,

xliii. 6.

Alba Longa, built by Ascanius, i. 3.

Demolished, 29.

Alba Sylvius, fifth king of Alba, i. 3.

——, a colony among the Æquans, x. 1.

Alban lake, v. 15, 22.

Albans, wage war with the Romans, i. 1, 22, 23.

Combat of the Horatii and Curiatii, 24.

Mettius punished, 28.

Albans removed to Rome, 29.

Their chiefs brought into the senate, 30.

Albinius, L., carries the vestal virgins in a waggon to Cære, v. 40.

——, M., plebeian consular tribune, vi. 30.

Albius Calanus, C., a leader of the mutiny at Sucro, xxviii. 24.

Put to death, 29.

Albula, old name of the Tiber, i. 3.

Alcis, Minerva so called,, xlii. 51.

Alexamenus, Ætolian, xxxv. 34, 35.

Alexander, Ætolian chief, xxxv. 34, 35.

——, king of Epirus, comes into Italy, viii. 3.

Makes peace with the Romans, 17.

His actions and death, 24.

His wife sister to Alexander the Great.

——, the Great, contemporary with the preceding, viii. 3.

Compared with the Roman generals of that age, ix. 17, 20.

——, son of Perseus, xlii. 52.

——, of Beræa, xl. 24.

——, Ætolian, a man of eloquence, xxxii. 33.

——, of Megalopolis, father-in-law of Amynander, pretends to be a

descendent of Alexander the Great, and is led into hopes of the

crown of Macedonia, xxxv. 48.

Alexandria in Egypt, founded, viii. 24.

Besieged by Antiochus, xliv. 19.

Relieved by Roman ambassadors, xlv. 12.

——, in Troas, xxxv. 42; xxxvii. 35.

Algidum mount, iii. 2—68; iv. 26; v. 31; xxi. 62; xxvi. 9.

Aliphera, xxviii. 8.

Allia river, v. 37; vi. 28; vii. 13; xxxviii. 17.

Allienus, L., plebeian ædile, iii. 31.

Allifæ, viii. 25; ix. 38.

Allucius, Celtiberian prince, receives his spouse from Scipio,

xxvi. 50.

Alopeconnesus, xxxi. 16.

Alorcus and Alcon mediate between Hannibal and the Saguntines,

xxi. 12, 13.

Alps, i. 1.

First passed by the Gauls, v. 34.

Crossed by Hannibal in fifteen days, xxi. 38.

Impassable in winter, xxvii. 36.

Altar, greatest, dedicated to Hercules by Evander, i. 7; ix. 29.

Amarynthis, Diana so called at Eretria, xxxv. 38.

Ambassadors, ought to be considered as inviolable, ii. 4.

Ambassadors from enemies were admitted to audience in the temple of

Bellona, xxx. 22.

Ambigarus, king of the Celts, v. 34.

Ambracia, xxxii. 15.

Besieged by M. Fulvius, xxxviii. 4.

Surrendered, 9.

Ambracian gulf, xxiii. 14; xliii. 21.

Amiternian lands, xxi. 6.

The inhabitants promise soldiers to Scipio, xxviii. 45.

Amphilochia, xxxviii. 7.

Amphilochus, worshipped at Æropus, xxxviii. 5.

Amphipolis, xl. 24, 56, 57; xliv. 43.

The inhabitants refuse to give refuge to Perseus, 45.

Amphissa, xxxvii. 5.

Amulius, dethrones his brother Numitor, i. 3.

Is slain, and Numitor restored, 5, 6.

Amyclæ, xxxiv. 28.

Amynander, king of Athamania, xxvii. 30; xxix. 12.

Joins the Romans, and wastes Thessaly, xxxii. 14.

Seizes Pellinæum, xxxvi. 10.

Amyntas, king of Macedonia, father of Philip, xxxviii. 34; xlv. 9.

Anagnia, xxvi. 23; xxvii. 4; xxix. 14; xliii. 13; xlv. 16.

Anapus river, xxiv. 36.

Ancilia, the sacred shields that fell from heaven, i. 20; v. 52.

Ancius, Sp., Roman ambassador, slain by order of Tolumnius, iv. 17.

Ancona, xli. 1.

Ancus, king of Rome, his acts, i. 32, 33. Death, 35.

Andranodorus, son-in-law of Hiero, king of Syracuse, and guardian of

his son Hieronymus, xxiv. 4.

Seizes the island and citadel, 21.

Is made prætor, 23.

Slain, 24.

Androcles, Macedonian ambassador to the Acarnanians, xxxiii. 16.

Andros, island, xxxi. 15.

Taken by the Romans, and bestowed on Attalus, xxxi. 45; xxxii. 16;

xxxvi. 20.

Androsthenes, Macedonian commander of a garrison in Corinth, obliges

Quintius and Attalus to raise the siege, xxxii. 23.

Is defeated by the Achæans, xxxiii. 14.

Again, 15.

Anicius, L., prætor. xliv. 17.

Is sent against Gentius, 30.

His clemency and justice, 31.

Recovers the Roman ambassadors seized by Gentius, 32.

Returns victorious to Rome, xlv. 34.

Leads Gentius and his family in triumph, 43.

Anio, river, i. 27, 36; iv. 17; vi. 42; xxx. 28.

Anitorgis, xxv. 32.

Annals of the magistrates, ix. 18.

Ancient annals confused, ix. 15.

Uncertain, 44, 45; x. 2, 17.

Inconsistent 30.

——, of Acilius, xxv. 39.

Annius, L., prætor of the Latins, summoned to Rome, viii. 3.

Demands that one consul, and half the senate of Rome, may be chosen

out of Latium, 5.

——, T., commissioner of a colony, flies to Mutina from an insurrection

of the Boians, xxi. 25.

——, Luscus, T., xlii. 25.

Antemnatians, i. 9, 11.

Antenor, Trojan, i. 1.

——, admiral of Perseus’s fleet, xliv. 23; xlv. 10.

Antesignani, xxii. 5; xxvii. 18.

Antians, make war on the Romans, vi. 6.

Are conquered, 8.

Renew hostilities, viii. 1.

Their ships are taken from them, with the prows of which the pulpit

in the forum is ornamented, 14.

Hence called Rostrum.

Anticyra, island, taken by the Romans, and delivered to the Ætolians,

xxvi. 26; xxviii. 28.

Antigonia, xliii. 23.

Antigonus, son of Echecrates, xl. 54.

Informs Philip, king of Macedonia, of the crimes of Perseus against

Demetrius, 55.

Destined to the throne by Philip, 56.

Slain by Perseus, 58.

Antimachus, Macedonian commander of the holy brigade, xlii. 46.

Antinous, xlv. 26.

Antiochia, xxxv. 13; xxxviii. 13; xli. 20; xlii. 18.

Antiochus, king of Syria, in league with Philip of Macedonia, xxxi. 14.

Endeavours to make himself master of all Asia, xxxiii. 38.

Is solicited by the Ætolians to join in alliance against the Romans,

xxxv. 12.

A conference between his minister and ambassadors from Rome, 16.

He passes over to Europe, 43.

Makes a vain attempt on Chalcis, 46.

Gains possession of it, 51.

Solicits the states of Greece, xxxvi. 5.

Rejects the advice of Hannibal, 8.

At the approach of the Romans, raises the siege of Larissa, 10.

Marries at Chalcis, 11.

Is defeated at Thermopylæ, 18, 19;

and driven out of Greece, 21.

Instigated by Hannibal, he prepares to renew the war, 41.

Proposes a treaty of peace, which is rejected by Æmilius, xxxvii. 19.

His fleet is defeated by the Rhodians, 23, 24.

Again by the Romans, 30.

He makes overtures for peace, and sends back the son of Scipio

Africanus, who was a prisoner in his hands, 34.

The treaty is broken off, and his offers to Scipio rejected, 35, 36.

He is finally defeated by Scipio, 43.

Terms of peace granted to him, 45.

His proceedings in Egypt, xlv. 11.

Antipater, ambassador from Antiochus, xxxvii. 55.

Governor of Asia, xxxviii. 16.

Antistius Labeo, C., xlv. 17.

——, L., plebeian tribune, iv. 42.

Plebeian consular tribune, vi. 30.

——, M., xxi. 63.

——, Sex., xxvii. 36.

Antium, ii. 33.

Surrendered to the Romans, 65.

A colony settled there, iii. 1.

A new colony, viii. 14.

Antonius, M., master of horse, viii. 17.

——, Merenda, Q., consular tribune, iv. 42.

————, T., made a decemvir by Appius, iii. 35.

Anxur, afterwards Tarracina, taken by the Romans, iv. 59.

Surprised by the Volscians, v. 8.

Recovered, 13.

A colony sent thither, viii. 21.

Aous river, xxxii. 5, 10; xxxvi. 17.

Apamea, so called from Apamea, sister of king Seleucus, formerly

Celenæ, xxxv. 15; xxxviii. 13.

Apennine mount, v. 33.

Hannibal attempts to pass over it, xxi. 58.

Aperantia, xxxvi. 34: xxxviii. 3; xliii. 22.

Apollinarian games, their origin, xxv. 12.

Vowed perpetual, xxvii. 23; xxx. 38.

——, circus, iii. 63.

Apollo Pythius, consulted, i. 56; v. 15.

A tenth of the spoil offered to him, 23.

A golden vase sent to Delphi, 25.

_See_ iv. 25; v. 13, 15; vii. 20; xxiii. 11; xxv. 12; xxix. 10, &c.

Apollo’s promontory, xxx. 24.

Apollodorus, xxxv. 50.

Apollonia attacked by Philip, xxiv. 40; xxvi. 25; xxix. 12.

Apollonius, commander of the Syrian fleet, xxxvii. 23.

Apparitors, i. 40; iii. 38.

Appeal to the people established by law, ii. 8; iii. 55; x. 9.

Not allowed from a dictator, ii. 18, 29.

Nor from the decemvirs, iii. 22.

Nor at a greater distance from the city than one mile, iii. 20.

Submitted to by a dictator, ii. 18, 29.

Appian road made, ix. 29; xxii. 15; xxvi. 8.

Appuleius, L., plebeian tribune, prosecutes Camillus, v. 32.

——, Saturninus, C., commissioner of a colony, xlv. 13, 44.

——, Q., consul, x. 6.

Apronius, C., plebeian tribune, iii. 54.

Apsus river, xxxi. 27.

Apulia, vi. 42; vii. 26; ix. 2, 12, &c.

Apulians, form an alliance with the Romans, viii. 25.

Revolt to the Carthaginians, xxii. 61.

Apustius, L., xxiii. 38.

——, Fullo, L., plebeian ædile, xxxi. 4.

——, T., ravages Macedonia, xxxi. 27.

Aquileia, xxxix. 22, 55.

Aquilii, brothers, conspire against the commonwealth, ii. 4.

Aquillius, C., consul, subdues the Hernicians, ii. 40.

——, Corvus, L., consular tribune, vi. 4.

——, Gallus, L., prætor, xli. 14.

Aquilonia, x. 38.

Taken by the Romans, 41.

Plundered and burned, 44.

Aquinean territory, xxvi. 9.

Aquitania, xxi. 23.

Arabian archers, xxxvii. 4.

——, deserts, xlv. 12.

Arar river, xxi. 31.

Aratus, chief of the Achæans, xxvii. 31.

Arbacala, xxi. 5.

Arcadia, i. 5.

Archidamus, Ætolian general, xxxii. 4; xxxv. 48; xliv. 43.

Archimedes, the famous mathematician, baffles the attacks of the Romans

on Syracuse, xxiv. 34.

Is slain, xxv. 31.

Ardea, besieged by Tarquinius Superbus, i. 57.

In a dispute between the Ardeans and Aricians, the Romans make a

scandalous decision, iii. 71, 72.

The Ardeans revolt, iv. 1.

The alliance is renewed with them, 7.

A colony led to Ardea, 11.

The Ardeans, under the command of Camillus, attack the Gauls, v. 43.

Ardonea, xxiv. 20.

Arennius, C. and L., plebeian tribunes, xxvii. 6.

——, L., prefect or general of the allies, xxvii. 26, 27.

Arethusa, fountain, xxv. 30.

Argei, places appointed for the performance of sacrifices, i. 21.

Argiletum, hill, adjacent to Rome, i. 19.

Argithea, xxxviii. 2.

Argos, xxxiv. 25.

Betrayed to Philip, and given in trust to Nabis, xxxii. 38.

Robbed by him and his wife, 40.

A fruitless attempt to deliver it, xxxiv. 25.

It is taken by the Romans, and given up to the Achæans, xxxiv. 41.

Argos of Amphilochia, xxxviii. 10.

Ariarathes, king of Cappadocia, assists Antiochus, xxxvii. 40.

Is fined, and admitted into alliance by the Romans, xxxviii. 39.

Sends his son to Rome to be educated, xlii. 19.

Aricea, i. 50; ii. 14, 26.

Ariminum, xxi. 51; xxiv. 44.

As a province, xxviii. 38.

Aristænus, Achæan prætor, xxxii. 19, 20.

Aristo, actor of tragedies, xxiv. 24.

——, Tyrian, sent, by Hannibal, to Carthage, xxxiv. 61.

Aristodemus, tyrant of Cumæ, detains the Roman ships to gratify

Tarquinius, ii. 34.

Aristomachus, leader of the populace at Croto, betrays the city to

Hannibal, xxiv. 2, 3.

Aristoteles, officer in the army of Antiochus, xxxvi. 21.

Armes, Carthaginian commander at New Carthage, xxvi. 49.

Armilustrum, a festival, and a place so called, xxvii. 37.

Army, Roman, and all its parts, described, with the arms and method

of marshalling and fighting, viii. 8.

Compared with the Macedonian, ix. 19.

Arnus, river, its overflowing very much obstructs Hannibal’s march,

xxii. 2, 3.

Arpi, xxii. 9, 12; xxiv. 3; xxv. 15.

Is taken by Q. Fabius, consul, xxiv. 46, 47.

Arpinum, taken from the Samnites, ix. 44.

Arretians, meditate a revolt, but are kept in awe by Marcellus, xxvii.

21.

Are compelled to give hostages, 24.

Promise supplies to Scipio, xxviii. 45.

Arsian wood, ii. 7.

Artatus river, xliii. 19.

Artetarus, Illyrian, killed by order of Philip, xlii. 13.

Arvernians, v. 34.

Join Hannibal, xxvii. 39.

Aruns, son of Tarquinius, ii. 6.

——, son of Porsena, ii. 14.

——, Clusian, advises the Gauls to besiege Clusium, and acts as their

guide, v. 33.

Aruspices brought from Etruria, xxvii. 37.

Ascalum, xxxii. 29.

Ascanius, son of Æneas, builds Alba Longa, i. 3.

Asclepiodorus, Gallic general, xlii. 51; xliv. 7.

Asnaus, mount, xxxii. 5.

Asopus, river, xxxvi. 29.

Assembly of the centuries elects consuls, i. 60.

Consular tribunes, v. 52.

Prætors, x. 22.

Passes the laws of the twelve tables, iii. 34;

and others, tries persons accused of treason, vi. 20.

Declares war, xxxi. 6, 7.

——, of the tribunes elects plebeian magistrates, ii. 56, 57.

Excludes patricians, 60.

Its orders bind all ranks, iii. 55; viii. 12.

——, of the curias determines on military affairs, v. 52; ix. 38.

Astapa besieged, xxviii. 22.

The inhabitants set fire to the city, and put themselves to death,

23.

Asylum, sanctuary opened by Romulus, i. 8.

Atalanta, island, xxxv. 37, 38.

Atella, sides with the Carthaginians, xxii. 61.

Surrenders to the Romans, xxvi. 16.

The inhabitants are removed to Calatia, xxvii. 3.

Atellan farces, vii. 2.

Aterius, A., consul, iii. 31.

Plebeian tribune, 65.

Athamanians, xxix. 12; xxxii. 14; xxxvi. 14; xxxviii. 1.

Athanagia, xxi. 61.

Athenæum, fort, xxxviii. 1; xxxix. 25

Athenæus, brother of king Eumenes, xxxviii. 12.

Athenagoras, one of Philip’s generals, xxxi. 34, 35.

Athenians, send ambassadors to compromise disputes between Philip and

the Ætolians, xxvii. 30.

Implore the protection of Rome against Philip, xxxi. 5.

Origin of their war with Philip, 14.

Their extravagant compliments to Attalus, 15.

Their complaints in the Ætolian council, 30.

Decrees against Philip, 44.

They intercede with Scipio in favour of the Ætolians, xxxvii. 6.

Their character, xlv. 23.

Athens, ambassadors sent thither from Rome to collect laws, iii. 31.

It is saved from being surprised, by Philip, by the expedition of a

courier, xxxi. 24, 26.

It is visited by P. Æmilius, xlv. 27.

Athos, mount, xliv. 11; xlv. 30.

Atilius, C., prætor, brings succour to L. Manlius, xxi. 26.

Stands for the consulship, xxii. 35.

Dedicates the temple of Concord, xxiii. 21.

——, L., consular tribune, v. 13.

————, one of the first consular tribunes, iv. 7.

————, plebeian tribune, ix. 30.

——, Regulus, M., consul, marches against the Sidicinians, viii. 16.

————, consul, x. 32.

Defeated by the Samnites, 35.

Defeats them, 36.

——, L., quæstor, slain at Cannæ, xxii. 49.

————, governor of Locri, xxiv. 1.

——, Regulus, M., a second time consul, xxii. 25.

Conducts the war, according to the advice of Fabius, xxiii. 21.

Censor, xxiv. 11.

Abdicates, 43.

——, M., prætor, xxiv. 43.

Clears the city of foreign religious rites, xxv. 1.

Ambassador to Ptolemy, xxvii. 4.

——, Serranus, C., prætor, xxi. 62.

Pontiff, xxii. 35.

Curule ædile, xxxiv. 5.

Atinius Labeo, C., prætor, xxxvi. 45.

——, C., military tribune, throws the standard among the enemy, xxxiv.

46.

Atintania, xxvii. 30; xxix. 12; xlv. 30.

Atrius Umber, C., leader of a mutiny at Sucro, beheaded, xxviii. 24, 29.

Attalus, king of Asia, xxvi. 24.

Winters at Ægina, xxvii. 30, 33.

Takes Opus, where he narrowly escapes being surprised by Philip, and

returns to Asia, xxviii. 7.

He escorts the Roman ambassadors to Pessinus, and gives them the

sacred stone Cybele, xxix. 11.

Comes again to Piræeus, xxxi. 14.

Exhorts the Ætolians to join in the war against Philip, 15.

His ambassadors solicit aid from the Romans against Antiochus,

xxxii. 8.

His death, xxxiii. 21.

Attalus, brother of Eumenes, comes to Rome, xxxv. 23.

Again, with congratulations on the victory over Antiochus, xlv. 19.

His honourable conduct towards his brother, 20.

Attius Tullius, Volscian general, ii. 35.

Entertains Coriolanus, inflames his countrymen against the Romans,

38.

Is joined in command with Coriolanus, 39.

The Æquans refuse to act under his command, 40.

Atys, king of Alba, i. 3.

Aventine, mount, i. 6.

Added to the city, and given to the Latins, 33.

Seized by the seceding populace, iii, 50.

Aventinus, king of Alba, i. 3.

Avernus, lake, xxiv. 13.

Aufidus, river, xxii. 44.

Augurs, their college formed by Numa, iv. 4.

At first, three in number, x. 6.

Five plebeians added, 9.

Ceremonies at taking auguries, i. 16.

Augustus Cæsar, shut the temple of Janus, i. 19.

Built and repaired many temples, iv. 20.

Finally subdued Spain, xxviii. 12.

Aulis, xxxv. 37, 51; xlv. 27.

Aulius Cenetanus, Q., consul, viii. 37.

A second time, ix. 15.

Master of horse, he kills the Samnite general, and is himself slain,

22.

Aurelius Cotta, C., prætor, xxx. 26.

——, Scaurus, C., prætor, xxxix. 6.

——, C., consul, xxxi. 12.

——, Cotta, L., military tribune, xl. 27, 28.

——, ——, M., plebeian ædile, xxiii. 30.

Governor of Puteoli, xxv. 22.

Commissioner of sacrifices, xxix. 38.

Ambassador to Philip, xxx. 26.

Aurinx, or Oringis, city in Spain, xxiv. 42.

Aurunca Suessa, viii. 15.

A colony settled there, ix. 28.

Auruncians, make war on the Romans, ii. 16, 17, 26.

Surrender themselves, viii. 15.

Aurunculeius, C., prætor, xxvii. 6.

Military tribune, 41.

——, L., prætor, xxxvi. 45.

Ausetanians, subdued by Hannibal, xxi. 23.

Roused to insurrection against the Romans, by Indibilis, xxix. 2.

Are conquered, 3.

Ausonians, defeated by the Romans, viii. 16.

Exterminated, ix. 25.

Auspices, attended to on all occasions, i. 36; vi. 41.

Confined to the patricians, iv. 6, 41.

Neglected, xxi. 63.

Falsely reported, x. 40.

Axes, never, after Publicola, carried before the magistrates in the

city, xxiv. 9.

Babylon, xxxviii. 17.

Bacchæ, or Bacchanals, xxxix. 9.

Extirpated, 17.

Badius, Campanian, challenges Crispinus, and flies, xxv. 18.

Bæbius Tamphilus, Cn., plebeian tribune, brings an action against the

censors, xxix. 37.

Placed at the head of an army in Gaul, he is defeated with great

slaughter, xxxii. 7.

——, M., ambassador from Scipio to Carthage, xxx. 25.

Prætor, xxxv. 10.

Wages war with Philip, xxxvi. 10.

——, Tamphilus, M., consul, xl. 18.

————, Q., ambassador to Hannibal, xxi. 6.

To Carthage, 18.

——, Herennius, Q., plebeian tribune, inveighs against the senate

and the augurs, xxii. 34.

——, Sulca, Q., ambassador to Ptolemy, xlii. 6.

Bæculonius, A., standard-bearer, throws the standard into the enemy’s

camp, and is the first that enters, xli. 4.

Bæcula, xxvii. 18; xxviii. 13.

Bætica, xxviii. 2.

Bætis river, xxviii. 22.

Balearic isles, xxii. 23; xxiii. 4; xxviii. 37.

——, slingers, xxi. 21, 55; xxii. 37; xxviii. 37.

Ballista, mount, xxxix. 2; xli. 18.

Bantius of Nola, inclined to favour Hannibal, is engaged by the

kindness of Marcellus, xxiii. 15.

Barbosthenes, mount, xxxv. 27.

Barcine family, xxiii. 13; xxviii. 12, 41.

——, faction, xxi. 2, 9.

Bargyliæ, xxxii. 33; xxxiii. 35.

Barley given, instead of wheat, to cohorts that lost their standards,

xxvii. 13.

Bastarnians, xl. 5, 57.

Beard, not shaved by the ancient Romans, v. 4.

Afterwards suffered to grow long in time of mourning, vi. 16.

Bellona, viii. 9.

Victorious, x. 19.

Bellovesus, nephew of Ambigarus, king of the Celts, leads a body of

them into Italy, v. 34.

Beneventum, formerly Maleventum, ix. 27; xxii. 13; xxv. 17; xxvii. 10.

Berœa surrendered to the Romans, xliv. 45; xlv. 29.

Bisaltians, xliv. 45.

Bithynia, xxvii. 30; xxix. 12; xxxiii. 30.

Bituriges Gauls, v. 34.

Blasius surrenders Salapia to Marcellus, xxvi. 38.

Blosii, two brothers in Capua, detected in a conspiracy against

the Romans, xxvii. 3.

Bocchar, king of Mauritania, xxix. 30.

——, an officer sent by Syphax against Masinissa, xxix. 32.

Bœotia, xxvii. 30; xxviii. 8; xxix. 12; xxxiii. 14.

Joins the Romans against Perseus, xlii. 44.

Boian Gauls, xxxii. 29, 30.

Submit to the Romans, 31.

Defeat the Romans, xxxiii. 36.

Surrender to the consul Domitius, xxxv. 40.

Bomilcar, Carthaginian admiral, sails to Locri, xxiii, 41.

To Syracuse, xxiv. 36.

_See_ xxv. 25, 27.

Bononia, colony, xxxvii. 57.

Depopulated by Ligurians, xxxix. 2.

Books, linen, deposited in the temple of Moneta, iv. 20.

——, of the magistrates, iv. 7, 20.

——, Sibylline, inspected, iii. 10, &c.

Bostar, Carthaginian governor of Saguntum, xxii. 22.

Ambassador to Philip, xxiii. 34.

Bovianum, ix. 28.

Taken by the Romans, 31.

Taken from the Samnites, x. 12, 43.

Bovillæ, x. 47.

Brachyllas, Bœotarch, or chief magistrate of Bœotia, xxxiii. 27; xxxv.

47.

Brennus, leader of the Gauls, defeats the Romans at the Allia, v. 38.

His insolence when weighing the ransom of the capital, 48.

Bridge, Sublician, built, i. 33; ii. 10.

Bridges broken down to retard Hannibal’s march, xxvi. 9.

Brixia, Cenomanian Gauls settle in that quarter, v. 35.

Brundusium, promontory, x. 2.

——, harbour, xxiii. 33.

The inhabitants commended by the Romans, xxvii. 10.

Bruttian states revolt to the Carthaginians, xxii. 61.

Proceedings of the Carthaginians in Bruttium, xxiv. 1.

Bruttians take Croto, 2. _See_ xxv. 1; xxvi. 12; xxvii. 41.

Brutulus Papius, who had advised the Samnites to break the truce with

the Romans, avoids, by a voluntary death, being sent prisoner to

Rome, viii. 39.

Busa, Apulian woman, entertains at Canusium the remains of the defeated

Roman army, xxii. 52.

Buxentum, colony, xxxii. 29.

Byzantium, xxxii. 33.

Seized by Gauls, xxxviii. 16.

Cacus, slain by Hercules, i. 7.

Cæcilius Metellus, L., after the battle of Cannæ, proposes to abandon

Italy, xxii. 53.

Is disgraced by the censors, xxiv. 18.

————, M., plebeian ædile, xxvii. 36.

Prætor, xxviii. 10.

Ambassador to Attalus, xxix. 11.

————, Q., plebeian tribune, iv. 16.

pontiff, xxiii 21.

Plebeian ædile, xxvii. 21.

Master of horse, xxviii. 10.

Consul and dictator xxix. 11.

Cædicius, centurion, at the head of some Roman fugitives at Veii, routs

the Etrurians, v. 45, 46.

——, lieutenant-general, x. 40.

Cæninensians defeated, i. 10.

Cænomanians, the only Gallic tribe that did not revolt to Hannibal,

xxi. 55.

They join Hamilcar, xxxi. 10.

Are stripped of their arms, by M. Furius, who is ordered to restore

them, and quit the country, xxxix. 3.

Cære, entertains the Roman priests and vestals, v. 40.

An alliance of hospitality is formed with the inhabitants, and

afterwards war declared against them, vii. 19.

Peace is granted to them, 20.

They assist Scipio in fitting out a fleet, xxviii. 45.

Cæso, _see_ Duilius, Fabius, Quintius.

Cajeta, xl. 2.

Calabria, xxiii. 34.

Calatia, ix. 2, 28.

Taken by the Samnites, 43.

Joins the Carthaginians, xxii. 61; xxiii. 14.

Surrenders to the Romans, xxvi. 16; xxvii. 3.

Calavii charged with setting fire to Rome, xxvi. 27.

Calavius, Pacuvius, acquires an ascendency over the senate and people

of Campania, xxiii. 2, 3.

Hinders his son Perolla from killing Hannibal, 9.

Calendar published by Flavius, ix. 46.

Cales taken by the Romans, and a colony established, viii. 16; xxii.

15; xxiii. 31; xxiv. 45; xxvi. 9, 16; xxvii. 9; xxix. 15.

Callicrates, Achæan, xli. 23; xlv. 31.

Callicula, mount, xxii. 15, 16.

Callidromus, a summit of mount Œta, xxxvi. 16—18.

Callifæ, viii. 25.

Calor river, xxiv. 14; xxv. 17.

Calpurnius, C., xxii. 61.

——, Piso, C., prætor, xxv. 41.

Again, xxvi. 10, 15, 21.

Governor of Capua, xxvii. 6.

Triumphs over the Lusitanians, xxxix. 42.

Consul, xl. 37.

——, L., ambassador to the Achæans, xxxii. 19.

Camertians, in Umbria, xxviii. 45.

Campania, ii. 52.

Campanians and Sidicinians overpowered by the Samnites, vii. 29.

Implore aid from the Romans, and are refused, 30, 31.

Surrender themselves as subjects to the Romans, viii. 11.

Are deprived of a part of their lands, and made citizens of Rome

without right of suffrage, 14.

Misconduct of their senate and populace, xxiii. 24.

They suffocate the Roman soldiers, and invite Hannibal, xxv. 15.

Are besieged by the Romans, xxvi. 4.

At the instigation of Vibius Virius, twenty-seven senators poison

themselves, 14.

Punishment of their senate, 15, 16.

A conspiracy of the Campanians discovered, xxvii. 3.

A part of their lands sold, xxviii. 46.

Canastrum, promontory at Cassandrea, xxxi. 45; xliv. 41.

Caninius Rebilus, C., prætor, xlii, 28; xliii. 11; xlv. 42.

Canna, river, xxv. 12.

Cannæ, town, xxii. 43.

Battle, 47, &c.

Roman troops engaged there banished to Sicily, xxiii. 31.

They beseech Marcellus to employ them, xxv. 6.

The senate inexorable towards them, 7.

The knights who fled thence disgraced, xxvii. 11.

Cantherium in fossa, xxiii. 47.

Canuleius, C, plebeian tribune, procures a repeal of the law which

prohibited the intermarriage of plebeians with patricians, iv. 6.

——, M., plebeian tribune, iv. 44.

——, Dives, L., prætor, xlii. 28.

Canusium affords shelter to the Roman fugitives from Cannæ, xxii. 50,

52.

Capena, town, xxii. 1.

——, gates, i. 26; vii. 23; x. 23; xxiii. 32; xxv. 40; xxvi. 10.

Capenatian war, v. 8.

Capetus, king of Alba, i. 3.

Capitol vowed by Tarquinius Priscus, i. 38.

Built by Tarquinius Superbus, 55.

Is seized by Herdonius, a Sabine, with slaves and exiles, iii. 15.

Recovered, 18.

Besieged by the Gauls, v. 43.

Saved by geese, 47.

The siege raised, 49.

The lower part built with hewn stone, vi. 4.

Capitoline hill, i. 10.

Given to the Sabines for their residence, 33.

Cappadocia, xxxvii. 21, 40.

Capræ marsh, i. 16.

Capua, formerly Vulturnum, iv. 37.

Remarkable for luxury, vii. 38.

Præfects appointed by the Romans to govern it, ix. 20.

Hannibal spends the winter there, xxiii. 18.

It is besieged by the Romans, xxv. 20, 22; xxvi. 1, 4.

Taken, 14.

Capusa, son of Œsalces, king of Numidia, succeeds his father, and is

slain, xxix. 29.

Capys, king of Alba, i. 3.

——, who gave name to Capua, xiv. 37.

Carales, xxiii. 40; xxx. 39.

Caranus, first king of Macedonia, xlv. 9.

Caria, xxxiii. 19, 27.

Carinæ, part of Rome, xxvi. 10.

Carmenta, prophetess, i. 7.

Carmental gate, ii. 49.

Carmentis, a craggy hill, v. 47.

Carnutians, v. 34.

Carseoli, colony, x. 3, 13.

Refuses its proportion of troops, xxvii. 9; xxix. 15; xlv. 42.

Carteia taken by Hannibal, xxi. 5.

——, a sea-port on the Atlantic Ocean, xxviii. 30.

Carthage, New, described, attacked by Scipio, xxvi. 42.

Taken with immense booty, and the hostages of all the Spanish states,

46, 50.

Carthaginians, send an army into Sicily, iv. 29.

Their treaty with the Romans, vii. 27.

Renewed, ix. 43.

They besiege Saguntum, xxi. 6.

And take it, 14.

War is declared by Rome, 18.

The Carthaginians are finally vanquished by Scipio, and compelled to

submit to his terms of peace, xxx. 35, 37. _See_ Hannibal, Mago,

Hasdrubal.

The Carthaginians send to Rome the first payment of the tribute,

and receive some of their hostages, xxxii. 2.

Offer ships and corn to the Romans, xxxvi. 4.

Dispute with Masinissa, xl. 17.

Send ambassadors to Rome, with complaints against him, xlii. 23.

Carthalo, Carthaginian general, conducts the prisoners to Rome, and is

ordered to quit Italy, xxii. 58.

Carvilius Spoletinus, C., capitulates with Perseus for the garrison of

Uscana, xliii. 18.

——, L., plebeian tribune, xxv. 3.

——, Sp., curule ædile, x. 9.

————, advises to choose half the senate out of the Latins, xxiii. 22.

Dies augur, xxvi. 23.

————, consul, takes Amiternum, and other towns in Samnium, xxxix. 44.

Carystians, Grecian, harassed by descents of the Romans and Rhodians,

xxxi. 45; xxxii. 16.

Send succour to Chalcis, xxxv. 38.

Carystus, city in Greece, xxxi. 45; xxxii. 16.

——, in Liguria, xlii. 7.

Casilinum, xxii. 15.

Its remarkable siege, xxiii. 17, 20.

It is recovered by the Romans, xxiv. 19.

Casinum, colony, ix. 28; xxii. 13; xxvi. 9.

Cassander betrays Maronea to Philip, and is poisoned by his order,

xxxix. 34.

Cassandrea, xxviii. 8; xliii. 23.

Obliges the Romans to retire, xliv, 11, 12.

Cassius Longinus, C., consul, xlii. 28.

——, Sp., consul, takes Pometia, and triumphs, ii. 17.

Is the first master of horse, 18.

A second time consul, 33.

A third time; he first proposes an Agrarian law, is found guilty of

treason, and executed, 41.

Castor, a temple vowed to him, ii. 20; viii. 11.

Castulo, a strong city in Spain, joins the Romans, xxiv. 41.

Reunites with the Carthaginians, xxviii. 19.

Surrenders to Scipio, 20.

Catana, xxvii. 8.

Catapultæ, engines, xxi. 11; xxvi. 47.

Catius, Q., plebeian ædile, xxvii. 6.

Carries an offering to Delphi, xxviii. 45.

Caudium, and the Caudine forks, ix. 2, 5, 10, 27.

Caulonia, besieged by order of Fabius, xxvii. 12.

Relieved by Hannibal, 15.

Caunus, mount, xl. 50.

Celeres, instituted by Romulus, i. 15.

Their tribune Brutus, 59.

Celtiberia, xxviii. 1.

Celtiberian mountains, xxi. 43.

Celtiberians, shake off the yoke of the Carthaginians, xxii. 21.

Are engaged by the Roman generals, on the same terms that they had

stipulated with the Carthaginians, xxiv. 49.

They desert Scipio, xxv. 33.

Are subdued by M. Silanus, xxviii. 2.

They attack Fulvius Flaccus, prætor, xl. 30.

Are defeated, 32.

Are finally subdued, xli. 26.

Celts, v. 34.

Cenchreæ, port of Corinth, xxviii. 8; xxxii. 17.

Cenomanian Gauls, settle in Italy, v. 35.

Are attached to the Romans, xxi. 55.

Join the Ligurians, xxxi. 10.

Are defeated by Cn. Cornelius, xxxix. 3.

Censors, created, iv. 8.

First plebeian, vii. 22.

A censor disgraced by his colleague, xxix. 37.

Term of the office reduced from five years to one year and a half,

iv. 24; ix. 33.

Census, general survey, instituted, i. 42, 43.

Centenius, C., proprætor, xxii. 8.

——, M., remarkable centurion, xxv. 19.

Centuries of knights, three chosen by Romulus, i. 13.

Their numbers doubled by Servius Tullius, 42.

The people divided into centuries by the same, 42.

Prerogative century, v. 18; x. 22; xxiv. 7; xxvi. 22.

Centurion, chief, or first, primipilus, vii. 41; viii. 8.

Cephallenia, xxxvi. 11; xxxvii. 13; xxxix. 5.

Cephalus, Epirote general, xliii. 18; xlv. 26.

Cercina, island, xxii. 31; xxxiii. 48.

Ceres, ii. 41.

Her temple, iii. 55.

Her mysteries, xxxi. 47.

Games, xxx. 39.

Cessation of business proclaimed, iii. 3, 27; iv. 26, 31; vi. 2, 7;

vii. 6, 28.

To continue eighteen days, x. 21.

A voluntary cessation, ix. 7.

Chæronea, xxxv. 46; xlii. 43.

Chair, curule, i. 8; ii. 54; vii. 1; x. 7.

One sent to king Syphax, xxvii. 4.

Chalcedon, xxxv. 46.

Chalcis in Eubœa, whence the people of Cumæ derive their origin, viii.

22.

Garrisoned by Philip, xxvii. 30.

Attempted by the Romans, xxviii. 6.

Surrendered to Antiochus, xxxv. 51; xliii. 7.

Chaonia, xxxii. 5; xliii. 23.

Charilaus surrenders Palæpolis to the Romans, viii. 26.

Chersonesus, xxxi. 16.

Chios, island, xxxvii. 14, 27.

Cibira, xxxviii. 14; xlv. 25.

Cicereius, C, prætor, xli. 28; xlii. 21; xlv. 15.

Cilicia, xxxiii. 19; xxxv. 13; xxxviii. 19.

Ciminian forest penetrated by a Roman army, ix. 36, 37.

Cincius, an ancient historian, commended, vii. 3.

——, Alimentus, L., taken by Hannibal xxi. 38.

Prætor, xxvi. 23; xxvii. 7.

————, M., plebeian tribune sent to Scipio, xxix. 20.

Circe, i. 49.

Circeii, colony, i. 56; ii. 39; xxvii. 9; xxix. 15.

Circus, principal, built by Tarquinius Priscus, i. 35.

Goals first placed in it viii. 20.

——, Apollinarian, iii. 63.

Overflowed, xxx. 38.

——, Flaminian, iii. 54.

The altar of Neptune therein, xxviii. 11.

Cirta, capital of Syphax, surrenders to Masinissa, xxx. 12.

On whom Scipio bestows it, 44.

Cithæron, mount, xxxi. 26.

Citium, city, xlii. 51.

Mount, xliii. 21.

Civil law published by Flavius, ix. 46.

Clampetia taken by the Romans, xxix. 38; xxx. 19.

Classes of the people, i. 43; iv. 4.

Clastidium betrayed to the Carthaginians, xxi. 48; xxix. 11.

Claudia Quinta, Roman matron, receives the Idæan Mother, xxix. 14.

Claudian family always zealous champions for the patricians, vi. 41.

And opposers of the plebeians, ix. 34.

——, tribe, ii. 16.

——, camp, xxiii. 31, 39, 48; xxv. 22.

Claudius, historian, viii. 19; ix. 5.

Translated the annals of Acilius, xxv. 39.

——, Asellus encounters Jubellius Taurea, a Campanian, xxiii. 46, 47.

——, Appius, formerly Atta Clausus, removes from Regillum to Rome,

with a large number of clients, who are admitted citizens,

and is made a senator, ii. 16.

Consul, 21.

————, son of Appius, ii. 56.

Is sent against the Volscians, and his army, through dislike to him,

fly before the enemy, 59.

————, decemvir, iii. 33.

His ambition, 35.

Violence, 36.

Lust, 44.

He abdicates the decemvirate, 54.

And puts himself to death in prison, 58.

————, son of the preceding, military tribune, iv. 54.

——, grandson of the decemvir, opposes the admission of plebeians

to the consulship, vi. 40.

Is made dictator, vii. 6.

Dies consul, 25.

Claudius, Appius, in the office of censor, makes the famous road,

and aqueduct; through his advice, the Potitian family commit

the charge of the rites of Hercules to public slaves, and become

extinct, ix. 29.

He is made consul, 42.

Interrex, x. 11.

Consul a second time, 15.

Prætor, 22.

His proceedings against the Samnites, 31.

————, consul, first makes war against Carthage, xxxi. 1.

————, military tribune, xxii. 53.

Prætor, xxiii. 24.

Commands in Sicily, 30.

Consul, xxv. 3.

Is wounded at the siege of Capua, xxvi. 1.

——, C., son of Appius, consul, iii. 15, 40, 58; IV. 6.

——, Cicero, C., prosecutes the consul Romillius, iii. 31.

——, Centho, C., interrex, xxii. 34.

Dictator, xxv. 2.

Prætor, _ib._

——, Nero, C., xxiv. 17.

Commands in Spain, and is baffled by Hasdrubal, xxvi. 17.

Is made consul, xxvii. 34.

Encounters Hannibal several times, 41, 42.

Goes against Hasdrubal, 43.

Orders Hasdrubal’s head to be thrown in the enemy’s view, 51.

Triumphs, xxviii. 9.

Is made censor, xxix. 37.

——, Pulcher, C., consul, xli. 8.

Triumphs, 13.

——, Nero, C., prætor, xl. 18.

——, M., client of the decemvir, claims Virginia as his slave, iii. 44.

Goes into exile, 58.

——, Marcellus, M., prætor, xxii. 35.

Is sent, after the battle of Cannæ, to collect the remains of the

army, 57.

Defeats Hannibal at Nola, xxiii. 16.

Is chosen consul a second time, and abdicates, 31.

As proconsul, repulses Hannibal, 46.

Is made consul a third time, xxiv. 9.

Commands in Sicily, 21.

Besieges Syracuse, 33.

Takes it, xxv. 23, 24.

Triumphs on the Alban mount, and enters the city in ovation,

xxvi. 21.

Is consul a fourth time, 22.

Worsted by Hannibal, xxvii. 12.

Defeats him, 14.

Is made consul a fifth time, 21.

Insnared by a stratagem, and slain, 26, 27.

————, son of the consul, military tribune, xxvi. 26; xxix. 11, 20.

————, prætor, xxxviii. 35.

——, Pulcher, P., consul, xxxix. 32.

——, P., præfect of the allies, xxvii. 41.

——, Q., plebeian tribune, xxi. 63.

——, Flamen, Q., prætor, xxvii. 21.

——, Asellus, Tib., military tribune, xxvii. 41.

Prætor, xxviii. 10.

Plebeian ædile, xxix. 11.

——, Nero, Tib., prætor, xxix. 11.

Consul, xxxviii. 26, 39.

Clazomenians, xxxviii. 39.

Cleomenes, first tyrant of Lacedæmon, xxxiv. 26.

Cleonæ, xxxiii. 14; xxxiv. 25.

Cleonymus, Lacedæmonian general, brings an army into Italy, and takes

Thuriæ, but is driven out by the Patavians, x. 2.

Cleopatra, consort of Alexander, king of Epire, viii. 24.

——, queen of Egypt, xxvii. 4; xxxvii. 3; xlv. 13.

Cloacina, iii. 48.

Cloak, embroidered, sent to Cleopatra, xxvii. 4.

——, of the Grecian fashion, charged as an instance of effeminacy on

Scipio, xxix. 19.

Clœlia, ii. 13.

Clœlius, Gracchus, Æquan general, vanquished, and taken by

Q. Cincinnatus, iii. 28.

——, Tullius, Roman ambassador, murdered by order of Tolumnius, iv. 17.

——, Titus, one of the first consular tribunes, iv. 7.

——, Q., consul, ii. 21.

——, Siculus, Q., censor, vi. 31.

——, P., consular tribune, vi. 31.

Clondicus, Gallic general, in treaty with Perseus, xliv. 26.

Cluilian trench, i. 23; ii. 39.

Cluilius, Volscian general, iv. 9.

——, C., chief magistrate at Alba, i. 22, 23.

Clusium, v. 33.

Besieged by the Gauls, xxxv. 20.

——, formerly Camers, x. 25.

Cluvia, taken by the Samnites, recovered by the Romans, ix. 31.

——, and Oppia, Campanian women, have their liberty and property

restored, xxvi. 34.

Cluvius, C., lieutenant-general, xliv. 40.

——, Saxula, C., prætor, xli. 28.

——, Sp., prætor, xlii. 9.

Cnidus, xxxvii. 16.

Cnossians refuse to restore the Roman prisoners, xxxvii. 60.

Cœle-Syria, xxxiii. 19; xlii. 29; xlv. 11.

Cœlian mount added to the city, i. 30, 33.

Cœlimontan gate struck by lightning, xxxv. 9.

Cœlius, ancient historian, xxi. 38; xxii. 31; xxiii. 6; xxvi. 11;

xxvii. 27; xxix. 27; xxxiii. 7; xxxviii. 46.

Collatia taken from the Sabines, i. 38.

Collatinus. _See_ Tarquinius.

Colline gate, ii. 11; iii. 51; vii. 11; viii. 15; xxvi. 10.

Colophon, xxxvii. 26; xxxviii. 39.

Combulteria, xxiii. 39; xxiv. 20.

Come Macra, xxxii. 13, 36; xxxiii. 36.

Cominium besieged, x. 39.

Burnt, 44; xxv. 14.

Comitium, part of the forum where the curias assembled, vi. 15.

Covered, xxvii. 36.

Comitius, Post., consul, ii. 18.

Again, 33.

Commentaries of Numa, published by Ancus Marcius, i. 32.

——, of Servius Tullius, i. 60.

——, of the pontiffs, iv. 3: vi. 1.

——, of king Eumenes, xliii. 6.

Compsa, given up to the Carthaginians, xxiii. 1.

Recovered by the Romans, xxiii. 20.

Concord, her temple, ix. 46, xxii. 33; xxvi. 23.

Altar, xxiv. 22.

Conscript Fathers, so named, ii. 1.

Consentia, viii. 24; xxv. 1; xxviii. 11; xxx. 19.

Consualia, games of Neptune, i. 9.

Consuls first created, i. 60.

Decemvirs, iii. 33.

Consuls again, 54, 55.

Consular tribunes, iv. 6, 7.

One plebeian consul admitted, vi. 35, 42.

Both consuls plebeian, xxiii. 31.

Contenebra taken by the Romans, and plundered, against the will

of the commanders, vi. 4.

Cora, colony, viii. 9,

Refuses contribution, xxvii. 9.

Corbio, ii. 39; iii. 66.

——, in Spain, taken, xxxix. 42.

Corcyra, island, xxvi. 24; xxxvi. 42.

Corinth, xxvii, 31; xxxii. 37; xxxviii. 7; xlv. 28.

Corinthian bay, xxvi. 26; xxviii. 7; xliv. 1.

Corioli taken by Marcius, ii. 33.

Cornelia forced to drink the poison which she had prepared for her

husband, viii. 18.

Cornelian tribe, xxxviii. 36.

Cornelius Barbatus, chief pontiff, ix. 46.

——, A., quæstor, iii. 24.

Chief pontiff, iv. 27.

Consular tribune, vi. 36.

Again, 42.

——, Arvina, Aul., dictator, viii. 38.

————, herald, delivers up to the Samnites the sureties for

the convention of Caudium, ix. 10.

——, Cossus, Aul., military tribune, kills Tolumnius, king of the

Veientians, iv. 19.

And offers the grand spoils, 20.

Is made consul, 30.

Consular tribune, 31.

————, dictator, vi. 11.

Overthrows the Volscians, 13.

Imprisons M. Manlius for sedition, 16.

————, master of horse, vii. 19.

Again, 26.

Consul, 28.

Vanquishes the Samnites, and triumphs, 36, 38.

The first who waged war with the Samnites, x. 31.

——, Mammula, Aul., proprætor, commanding in Sardinia, xxiii. 21.

Prætor, xxxv. 24.

——, C., consular tribune, vi. 5.

——, Cossus, Cn., consular tribune, iv. 49.

Again, 61.

consul, iv. 54.

Consular tribune, 58.

Again, v. 10.

——, Dolabella, Cn., king in religious rites, xxvii. 36.

——, Lentulus, Cn. military tribune, xxii. 49.

Quæstor, he fights Hannibal with doubtful success, xxv. 19.

Curule ædile, xxix. 11.

Consul, xxx. 40.

Protests against the decree of the senate giving peace to the

Carthaginians, 43.

——, Cethegus, Cn., consul, xxxii. 27.

——, Merenda, Cn., and Cn. Cornelius Blasio, prætors, xxxiv. 42.

——, Hispalus, Cn., consul, xli. 14.

——, Scipio, L., sent by his brother against Hasdrubal, xxi. 32.

His actions, 60, 61; xxii. 19, 21.

He acts in conjunction with his brother, xxiii. 26, 29, 48, 49;

xxiv. 41—49.

Commands against Hasdrubal Barcas, xxv. 32.

Deserted by the Celtiberians, he and his army are cut off, 36.

——, Lentulus, L,. consul, viii. 22.

Advises to accept the terms dictated by Pontius at Caudium, ix. 4.

——, Maluginensis, L., consul, iii. 22, 23, 40.

——, Scipio, L., interrex, vii. 2.

Consul, 23.

——, Scipio, L., consul, x. 11, 25, 26.

——, Caudinus, L., curule ædile, xxvii. 21.

——, Lentulus, L., chief pontiff, xxii. 10.

————, commander in religious affairs, xxv. 2.

Prætor, 41.

Lieutenant-general, xxvii. 14.

————, succeeds Scipio in the government of Spain, xxviii. 38.

Defeats Indibilis, who is slain, xxix. 2, 3.

Is curule ædile, 11.

——, Scipio, L., brother of Publius, takes Oringis, xxviii. 3.

Is elected prætor, xxxiv. 54.

Consul, xxxvi. 45.

Arrives in Asia, xxxvii. 33.

Defeats Antiochus, 43.

Triumphs and assumes the title Asiaticus, 59.

Condemned for having accepted presents from Antiochus, xxxvii. 55.

Ordered into prison, 58.

Liberated by Tib. Gracchus, plebeian tribune, 60.

At the review of the knights, he is deprived of his horse, xxxix. 44.

——, Merula, L., prætor, xxxii. 7. Consul, xxxiv. 54.

His letter after he had defeated the Boians at Mutina, xxxv. 6.

——, Cossus, M., consul, iv. 51.

——, Maluginensis, M., decemvir, iii. 35, 40, 41.

Consul, iv. 21.

Censor, v. 31.

Consular tribune, vi. 36.

Again, 42.

——, Cethegus, M., chief pontiff, xxv. 2.

Prætor, 41.

Commands in Sicily, xxvi. 21.

Censor, xxvii. 11.

Consul, xxix. 11.

Proconsul, defeats Mago, xxx. 18.

Cornelius Scipio, M., prætor, xli. 14.

——, Cossus, P., consular tribune, iv. 49.

Again, 56.

Dictator, 57.

Consular tribune, 58.

Again, v. 24.

——, Arvina, P., consul, ix. 42.

Censor, x. 47.

Again consul, xi. 24.

——, Maluginensis, P., consular tribune, iv. 61; v. 16.

——, Scipio, P., master of horse, v. 19.

Consular tribune, 24.

Interrex, 32.

Again, vi. 1.

One of the first curule ædiles, vii. 1.

Dictator, ix. 44.

——, Lentulus, P., prætor, xxiv. 9.

Commands in Sicily, 10, and xxv. 6.

——, Scipio Asina, P., consul, xx. 56.

Interrex, xxii. 34; xxvi, 8.

————, P., consul, xxi. 6.

Attempts in vain to overtake Hannibal in Gaul, 32.

And hastens back to the Po, 39.

Is defeated, and wounded at the Ticinus, 46.

Recommends to his colleague to avoid fighting, 52, 53.

Sails to Spain, and joins his brother, xxii. 22.

Marches against Mago, xxv. 32.

Is defeated and slain, 34.

——————, son of the preceding, rescues his father from imminent danger

at the Ticinus, xxi. 46.

After the battle of Cannæ, he breaks up a conspiracy, formed for

abandoning Italy, xxii. 53.

At twenty-four years of age is sent proconsul into Spain, xxvi. 18.

Takes New Carthage in one day, xlii. 46.

Restores to Allucius his spouse, 50.

Acts in Spain with extraordinary success, xxvii. 17, 18; xxviii.

1, 4, 12, 16.

Passes over to Africa, on a visit to Syphax, 17.

Dines at the same table with Hasdrubal, 18.

Quells a mutiny at Sucro, xxiv. 29.

Vanquishes Mandonius and Indibilis, 32, 34.

Forms an alliance between the Romans and Masinissa, 35.

On his return to Rome is elected consul, 38.

Goes to Sicily, 45.

Prepares for a descent on Africa, xxix. 1.

Passes over thither, and meets with great success, 24—35.

Overthrows Syphax and Hasdrubal, xxx. 3, 9.

Reproves Masinissa’s conduct toward Sophonisba, 14.

Confers with Hannibal, 29, 31.

Defeats him, 32, 35.

Dictates terms of peace, 37.

Returns to Rome, triumphs, and assumes the surname of Africanus, 45.

Is created censor, xxxii. 7.

Consul a second time, xxxiv. 42.

Converses with Hannibal at Ephesus, xxxv. 14.

Accepts the post of lieutenant-general under his brother, xxxvii. 1.

Receives his son from Antiochus, and rejects his offers, 34, 36.

Prescribes the terms of peace, xxxvii. 45.

Is accused of bribery, xxxviii. 50.

Retires to Liturnum, 52.

Where he dies, and, according to his orders previously given,

is buried, 53.

————, P., son of Africanus, augur, xl. 42.

————, Nasica, P., son of Cornelius, not yet of quæstorian age, is

judged the best man in Rome, and sent to receive the Idæan Mother,

xxix. 13.

Made consul, xxxvi. 1.

He triumphs over the Boians, xxxvi. 40.

Is commander of a colony, xxxix. 55; xl. 34.

——, Sulla, P., prætor, xxv. 2, 3.

The first that solemnized the Apollinarian games, 12, 19, 22.

——, Ser., consul, ii. 41.

Flamen Quirinalis, dies of the plague, iii. 22.

——, Maluginensis, Ser., consular tribune, v. 36.

Again, vi. 6.

A third time, 18.

A fourth, 22.

A fifth, 27.

A sixth, 36.

A seventh, 38.

Master of horse, vii. 9.

——, Ser., military tribune, xxix. 2.

——, Lentulus, Ser., curule ædile, xxviii. 10.

Prætor, xliii. 11.

Corniculum taken by Tarquinius Priscus, i. 38.

Cornus, capital of Sardinia, taken by T. Manlius, xxiii. 40.

Coronea besieged by Quintius, xxxiii. 29.

Its lands wasted, xxxvi. 20.

Corsica, island, xxii. 31; xxx. 39.

Corsicans, revolt from the Romans, xli. 19.

Peace is granted to them, xlii. 7.

Cortona solicits peace with the Romans, a truce is granted, ix. 37.

Corycus, promontory, xxxiii. 20; xxxvi. 43; xxxvii. 12.

Cosa commended for fidelity, xxvii. 10.

Its harbour, xxii. 11; xxx. 39.

Cosconius, M., military tribune, xxx. 18.

Cotto, Bastarnian chieftain, xl. 57.

Cotton, city, xxxviii. 25.

Cotys, king of the Odrysians, xlii. 29.

Assists Perseus, 51, 67.

Cranon, xxxvi. 10, 14; xlii. 64.

Craterus, xxxv. 26.

Cremaste, otherwise Larissa, xxxi. 46.

Besieged, xlii. 56.

Cremera, river, ii. 49.

Cremona besieged by the Gauls, xxxi. 10.

Its lands wasted, xxviii. 10, 11.

Cretan archers, xxxvii. 41.

Cretans, xxiv. 30.

Their civil war, xli. 25.

Creusa, mother of Ascanius, i. 3.

——, port of Thespiæ, xxxvi. 21.

Crito, of Berœa, ambassador from Philip to Hannibal, xxiii. 39.

Croton, i, 18.

Revolts to Hannibal after the battle of Cannæ, xxii. 61.

Its inhabitants remove to Locri, xxiv. 3; xxix. 36; xxx. 19.

Crown of gold presented in the Capitol to Jupiter by the Latins, ii.

22; iii. 57.

_See_ iv. 20; vii. 38.

Soldiers honoured with golden crowns, vii. 10, 26, 27; x. 44.

——, civic, vi. 20; x. 46.

——, obsidional, vii. 37.

Crown, mural, vi. 20; x. 46.

——, vallarian, x. 46.

——, laurel, xxiii. 11; xxvii. 37.

Crustumerium, colony, founded by Romulus, i. 11.

Taken by Tarquinius, 38.

By the Romans, ii. 19; iii. 42.

Crustuminian tribe, xlii. 34.

Crustuminians, i. 9, 11.

Cumæ, ii. 9; iv. 44; ix. 19.

Besieged by Hannibal, and defended by Gracchus, xxiii. 36.

The siege raised, 37.

Its lands ravaged by Hannibal, xxiv. 13; xli. 16.

Curatius, P., plebeian tribune, accuses two military tribunes, v. 11.

Curiatii fight the Horatii, i. 24, 25.

Curiatius, P., consul, iii. 32.

Curio, the first plebeian, xxvii. 8.

Curtian lake, i. 13; vii. 6.

Curtius, C., consul, iv. 1.

——, M., leaps into a gulf in the forum, vii. 6.

Cyclades, islands, xxxiv. 26; xliv. 28.

Cycliades, prætor of the Achæns, xxxi. 25.

Banished, xxxii. 19.

Cyllene, xxvii. 32.

Cynosarges, xxxi. 24.

Cynoscephalæ, xxxiii. 16, 17.

Cyprian street, i. 48.

Cyprus, xxxiii. 41.

Cyrenæ, xxiii. 10; xxxiv. 62.

Cyrus, king of Persia, ix. 17.

Damocles, an Argive, his bravery, xxxiv. 25.

Damocritus, prætor of the Ætolians, xxxi. 32.

Envoy to Nabis, xxxv. 12.

Falls into the hands of the Romans, xxxvi. 24.

Disappointed in an attempt to escape, he kills himself, xxxvii. 46.

Dardanians, xxvi. 25.

Ravage Macedonia, xxvii. 33.

Are invaded by Philip, xxviii. 8.

Philip proposes to exterminate them, xl. 57.

They are defeated by the Bastarnians, xli. 19.

Dasis, of Salapia, favours Hannibal, xxvi. 38.

Dasius Altinius, of Arpi, a traitor, thrown into prison by the Romans,

his family burned by Hannibal, xxiv. 45.

——, of Brundusium betrays Clastidium to Hannibal, xxi. 48.

Dassaretians, xxvii. 32; xxxi. 33; xlv. 26.

Debts very great at Rome; disturbances and secession in consequence,

ii. 23, 33.

Debts contracted by rebuilding, vi. 27.

Commissioners (mensarii) appointed to regulate matters respecting

debts, vii. 21.

A law passed against imprisoning debtors, viii. 28.

Decemvirs, appointed to form a body of laws, iii. 32.

A new set elected, 35.

Their cruelty and tyranny, 36, 37.

They retain the power after their time had expired, 38.

Are compelled to abdicate the office, 54.

Two of them die in prison; the rest are banished, and their goods

confiscated, 58.

Decemvirs, commissioners of religious matters, half patrician, and half

plebeian, vi. 37, 42.

Decimation of soldiers, ii. 59.

Decimius Flavus, C., military tribune, repulses Hannibal’s elephants,

xxvii. 14.

Prætor, xxxix. 32.

Decius Mus, P., rescues the legions from a desperate situation,

vii. 34, 35, 36.

Is chosen consul, viii. 3.

Devotes himself for the army, ix. 10.

——, consul, ix. 28, 29.

A second time, when he commands in Etruria, 41.

Censor, 46.

A third time consul, x. 14.

Proconsul; he performs great exploits, 16-20.

A fourth time consul, 22.

He devotes himself for the army, 28.

Decuman gate, iii. 5: x. 32.

Dedication of a temple must be performed by a consul or general, ix.

45.

Delium, a temple of Apollo and asylum xxxv. 51.

Delos island, deemed sacred and inviolable, xliv. 29.

Delphi, i. 56; v. 15, 16, 28; xli. 25; xlii. 15, 17, 40; xlv. 27.

Delphic oracles, i. 56; v. 15, 16, 28; xxix. 10.

Demaratus, father of Lucumo, i. 34.

Demetrias, in Thessaly, xxvii. 32; xxviii. 5, 8; xxxiii. 31; xxxv. 34.

Demetrium, xxviii. 6.

Demetrius, son of Philip, xl. 5.

His quarrel with Perseus, and its immediate consequences, 7-16, 21,

23.

He is poisoned at Heraclea, 24.

——, of Pharos, xxii. 33.

Deserters scourged, and thrown from the rock, xxiv. 20.

——, Latin, beheaded, xxxiii. 43.

Devoting law, iii. 55; vii. 41.

One of the Æquans and Volscians, iv. 26.

The principal elders in Rome devote themselves, on the approach of

the Gauls, v. 41.

A consul, dictator, or prætor, may devote either himself or any

soldier regularly enlisted, for the army, viii. 10.

Diana of Ephesus, and her temple on the Aventine, i. 45.

A lectisternium in honour of her, xxii. 10.

Her grove, xxvii. 4.

Festival of three days at Syracuse, xxv. 23.

Her temple at Abydus, xxxi. 17.

At Aulis, xlv. 27.

——, Amarynthis, her festival at Eretria, xxxv. 38.

——, Tauropolos, xliv. 44.

Dianium, i. 48.

Dicæarchus, proper name, xxxiii. 2; xxxv. 12; xxxvi. 28.

Dice played with, iv. 17.

Dictator, first created, ii. 18.

No appeal from him, 29; iii. 20.

An instance of an appeal by Fabius, viii. 33.

Dictator nominated to drive the nail, vii, 3; viii. 18.

The first plebeian, vii. 17.

Dictator not allowed to use a horse without leave of the people,

xxiii. 14.

Two dictators at one time, 22, 23.

Warm disputes about the nomination of dictators, iv. 56; xxvii. 5.

Didas, governor of Pæonia, poisons Demetrius, xl. 24.

Digitius, Sex., claims a mural crown, on the capture of New Carthage,

xxvi. 48.

————, prætor, unsuccessful in Spain, xxxv. 1; xliii. 11.

Dimallum taken by Æmilius, xxix. 12.

Dinocrates, Macedonian general, xxiii. 18.

——, prætor of Messene, xxxix. 49

Dinomenes, life-guard of Hieronymus, conspires against him, xxiv. 7.

Is made prætor at Syracuse, 23.

Diomede’s plains, xxv. 12.

Dionysius, tyrant of Sicily, gets possession of the citadel of Croton,

xxiv. 3.

An expression of his, 22.

Dioxippus, Athenian general, xxxi. 24.

Dipylus, part of Athens, xxxi. 24.

Discipline, military, severely enforced by Manlius, viii. 7.

Supported by the dictator Papirius, 34, 35.

Its gradual improvement, ix. 17.

Disfranchised, (ærarii facti,) iv. 24; xxiv. 18; xxix. 37, &c.

Dodonæan Jupiter, his caution to Pyrrhus, viii. 24.

Dolopians, declared free, xxxiii. 34.

Join the Ætolians, xxxviii. 3, 5, 8.

Domitius, Cn., consul, viii. 17.

——, Calvinus, Cn., curule ædile, x. 9.

——, Ænobarbus, Cn., plebeian ædile, xxxiii. 42.

Consul, xxxv. 10; xlv. 17.

Dorimachus, Ætolian, xxvi. 24.

Doris, its towns taken, xxviii. 7.

Druentia, xxi. 31.

Dry season, remarkable, iv. 30.

Duilius, Cæso, iii. 35.

Consul, viii. 16.

——, plebeian consular tribune, v. 13; vii. 21.

Duillius, M., plebeian tribune, ii. 58.

Prosecutes Ap. Claudius, 61.

His good conduct respecting the decemvirs, iii. 52, 54.

He procures the passing of a law, allowing an appeal from the

consuls, 54.

Opposes his colleagues, who wish to continue in office, 64.

Reduces the rate of interest, vii. 16.

Duumvirs, judges of capital offences, i. 26; vi. 20.

——, commissioners in religious affairs, keepers of the Sibylline books,

iii. 10; v. 13.

Their number increased to ten, vi. 37.

——, naval, ix. 30.

Dymæ, xxvii. 31; xxxii. 22; xxxviii. 29.

Dyrrachium, xxix. 12; xlii. 48.

Ebutius, L., consul, iii. 6.

——, M., military tribune, xli. 1.

——, Elva, M. commissioner of a colony, iv. 11.

————, prætor, xliv. 17.

——, Cornicen, Postumus, consul, iv. 11.

——, P., xxxix. 9, 12.

——, T., consul, and master of horse, ii. 19.

——, Carus, T., commander of a colony, xxxix. 55.

Prætor, xlii. 4.

Ecetra, iii. 10; vi. 31.

Ecetrans, peace granted to them, and part of their lands taken from

them, ii. 25.

They revolt to the Æquans, iii. 4.

Echedemus employed by Philip as envoy to the Acarnanians, xxxiii. 16.

——, Athenian ambassador, xxxvii. 7.

Echinus, xxxii. 33; xxxiv. 23.

Eclipse of the sun, xxii. 1; xxx. 2, 38; xxxvii. 4.

——, of the moon, foretold to the army by Sulpicius Gallus, xliv. 37.

Custom of making noise on it, xxvi. 5.

Edesco, a celebrated Spanish general, joins Scipio, xxvii. 17.

Edessa, xlv. 29.

Egeria, nymph, i. 19.

Egerius, son of Aruns, so named from his poverty, i. 34, 38.

Egnatius, Gellius, Samnite general, advises war with the Romans, x. 18.

Invites the Umbrians to join him, and tempts the Gauls, 21.

Is killed, 29.

Egypt, viii. 24. _See_ Ptolemy, Cleopatra.

Elatia, xxviii. 7; xxxii. 18, 21.

Taken by the Romans, 24.

Elders, Roman, slain by the Gauls, v. 41.

Elders obliged to undertake the guard of the city, v. 10; vi. 2, 6.

Cohorts formed of elders, x. 21.

——, Carthaginian, thirty form the principal council of state, xxx. 16.

Eleans, wage war with the Achæans, xxvii. 31—33.

Machanidas resolves to attack them during the Olympic games, xxviii.

7.

They send ambassadors to Antiochus, xxxvi. 5.

Elephants, first used by the Romans, xxxi. 36.

Elephants confuse their own party, xxvii. 14.

Are conveyed over the Rhone, xxi. 28.

Method of killing them invented by Hasdrubal, xxvii. 49.

Elicius, Jupiter, i. 20.

Elimæa, xxxi. 40.

Elimæans, xxxv. 48; xxxvii. 40.

Elis, xxvii. 32; xxxvi. 31; xxxviii. 32.

Elitovius, Gallic chief, crosses the Alps, v. 35.

Emathia, or Pæonia, xl. 3; xliv. 44.

Emporia, country, xxix. 25, 33.

Emporiæ, city in Spain, founded by Phocæans, xxi. 60; xxvi. 19; xxviii.

42.

Emporium, fort near Placentia, xxi. 57.

Enipeus, river, xliv. 8, 20, 27.

Enna seized by the Romans, xxiv. 39.

Ennius, Q., his observation respecting Fab. Maximus, xxx. 26.

Eordæa, xxxi. 39; xlii. 53; xlv. 30.

Ephesus, xxxiii. 38; xxxviii. 12, 39.

Epicrates, xxxvii. 13—15.

Epicydes sent by Hannibal, with his brother Hippocrates, ambassador to

Hieronymus, xxiv. 6, 23.

Both elected prætors at Syracuse, 27.

They seize Syracuse, 32.

Epicydes commands in the city when besieged by the Romans, 35.

He leaves it, xxv. 27.

And goes to Africa, xxvi. 40.

——, Sindon, killed at Syracuse, xxv. 28.

Epidaurus, x. 47; xlv. 28.

Epipolæ, part of Syracuse, xxv. 24.

Epirus, viii. 3; xxix. 12; xxxii. 13; xlv. 34.

Equestrian estate, v. 7.

——, spoils, viii. 7.

——, statue, ix. 43.

Eretria, xxxii. 13, 16; xxxiii. 34; xxxv. 38.

Eretum, iii. 29; xxvi. 11, 25.

Ergavia, xl. 50.

Ericinum, xxxvi. 13.

Erigonus, river, xxxi. 39.

Eropon, xliv. 24, 28.

Eropus, xxvii. 32; xxix. 12.

Erycine Venus, xxii. 9, 10.

Erythræ, xxviii. 8; xxxvi. 43; xxxvii. 27.

——, promontory, xliv. 28.

Eryx, mount, xxi. 10, 41.

Esquiliæ, i. 44; ii. 28.

Esquiline hill, i. 48.

——, gate, ii. 11; iii. 66, 68; vi. 22.

Etovissa, xxi. 22.

Etruria, i. 23, 30.

Subdued by Fabius, consul, ix. 41.

Renews hostilities, x. 3.

Is laid waste, 12, 30, 37.

Its general assemblies, iv. 23; v. 17; x. 16.

Etrurians, besiege Rome, ii. 11.

Recommence hostilities, 44.

Are displeased at the Veians for electing a king, v. 1.

Make war on the Romans, vi. 2—4.

Prepare again for war, vii. 17.

Are defeated, ix. 35.

Obtain a truce, 41.

Defeat the Romans, x. 3.

Are routed, 4, 5. _See_ 10, 18, 30.

Meditate a revolt, xxvii. 21.

Are checked, 24.

Evander, Arcadian, introduces the use of letters in Italy, i. 5, 7.

——, Cretan, attempts to murder king Eumenes, xlii. 15.

Accompanies Perseus in his flight, xliv. 43.

Is put to death by him, xlv. 5.

Eubœa, island, xxvii. 30; xxviii. 5; xxxv. 51; xxxvi. 15.

Euboic gulf, xxxi. 47.

——, talent, xxxvii. 45; xxxviii. 9.

Eubulidas of Chalcis, demanded by Scipio, xxxvii. 45.

Eudamus, commander of the Rhodian fleet, xxxvii. 12, 15; xliv. 28.

Eumenes, king of Pergamus, joins the Romans against Antiochus, xxxvi.

42, 45.

Is obliged to go home to protect Pergamus, xxxvii. 18.

Advises Æmilius not to listen to overtures of peace, 19.

Assists in the total overthrow of Antiochus, 41, 42.

Goes to Rome, 52, 53.

And is rewarded with a large addition of territory, 56.

His ambassadors complain of Philip, xxxix. 27.

He comes to Rome, and discovers the designs of Perseus, xlii. 6,

11—13.

Is assaulted near Delphi, 15.

He and the Romans are worsted by Perseus, 59.

Whom they afterwards defeat, and Eumenes becomes suspected by the

Romans, xliv. 20.

He is solicited by Perseus, 24.

The treaty is broken off, 25.

He sends ambassadors to Rome with congratulations, xlv. 13.

Makes a truce with the Gauls, 34.

Euphranor, Macedonian general, relieves Melibœa from a siege, xliv. 13.

Euripus, strait of Eubœa, xxviii. 6; xxxi. 22.

Eurotas, river, xxxiv. 28; xxxv. 29, 30.

Euryalus, hill at Syracuse, xxv. 25, 26.

Eurylochus, Magnesian chief magistrate, provokes Quintius, xxxv. 31.

Flies to Ætolia, 32.

Kills himself, xxxvi. 33.

Eurymedon, river, xxxiii. 41.

Euthymidas, head of a faction at Chalcis, xxxv. 37, 38.

Exodia, interludes, vii. 2.

Fabiæ, daughters of M. Fab. Ambustus, vi. 34.

Fabian family, ii. 45.

Undertake the war with the Veians, 48.

Are all cut off except one, 50.

Fabius Pictor, a very old writer, i. 44; ii. 40; viii. 30; x. 37; xxii.

7.

——, C., consul, wages an unsuccessful war with the Tarquinians, vii.

12, 15.

Is made interrex, 17.

Master of horse, ix. 23.

——, Cæso, quæstor, accuses Sp. Cassius of treason, ii. 41.

Is made consul, 42.

A second time consul, when his troops refuse to conquer, 43.

He and his brother renew the fight, 46.

Is chosen consul a third time, 48.

Leads his family against the Veians, 49.

——, Ambustus, Cæso, quæstor, iv. 54.

Consular tribune, 61.

Again, v. 10.

A third time, 24.

——, Dorso, C., during the siege of the Capitol, passes through the

Gauls to perform sacrifice, and returns safe, v. 46.

——, L., envoy from Scipio to Carthage, xxx. 25.

——, M., brother of Cæso, consul, ii. 42.

Again, 43.

Refuses a triumph, 47.

——, chief pontiff, dictates the form of words, in which the Roman

elders devote themselves on the approach of the Gauls, v. 41.

Fabius Ambustus, M., whose daughter’s envy of her sister occasioned

the consulship to be opened to plebeians, consular tribune, vi. 22.

Again, 36.

——————, consul, honoured with an ovation over the Hernicians, vii. 11.

Again consul, 17.

Dictator, 22.

Argues in favour of his son against Papirius, viii. 33.

Master of horse, 38.

——, Dorso, M., consul, vii. 28.

——, Vibulanus, M., consul, iv, 11.

Consular tribune, 25.

——, Buteo, M., dictator, without a master of horse, created for the

purpose of filling up the senate, xxiii. 22.

————, curule ædile, xxx. 26.

Prætor, 40.

——, Ambustus, Numerius, consular tribune, iv. 58.

——, Vibulanus, Numerius, consul, iv. 43.

Consular tribune, 49.

Again, 57.

——, Q., consul, ii. 41.

Again, 43.

Slain in battle, 46.

————, the only survivor of the disaster at Cremera, consul, iii. 1.

Again, 2.

A third time consul, he conquers the Volscians, and is made one of

the decemvirs for forming laws, 36.

He is banished with his colleagues, 58.

————, ambassador to the Gauls, kills one of their leaders, and is made

consular tribune, v. 35, 36.

He, with his brother, is called to an account for his conduct towards

the Gauls, and dies, vi. 1.

——, Ambustus, Q., consul, iv. 52.

Master of horse, vii. 28.

Dictator, ix. 7.

——, Gurges, Q., consul, x. 47.

——, Maximus Rullianus, Q., curule ædile, viii. 18.

Master of horse, 29.

Fights the Samnites contrary to the order of the dictator, Papirius,

and is successful, 30.

His dispute with the dictator, 30—36.

He is made consul, 38.

Interrex, ix. 7.

Dictator, he defeats the Samnites, 23.

Again consul, he defeats the Etrurians, 35.

Though at enmity with Papirius, nominates him dictator, 38.

A third time consul, he overthrows the Samnites and Umbrians, 41.

Censor, he distributes the lowest rabble among the four city tribes,

and thence gains the surname of Maximus, 46.

A fourth time consul, he overcomes the Samnites, x. 13, 14.

Is made consul a fifth time, 22.

Triumphs, 30.

——, Vibulanus, Q., consul, iv. 37.

Consular tribune, 49.

——, Maximus Verrucosus, Q., ambassador to Carthage, xxi. 18.

Prodictator, xxii. 8.

His cautious method of conducting the war, 11—17.

He sells his estate to ransom prisoners, 23.

Saves from total defeat his master of horse, who had fought Hannibal

contrary to his judgment, 28, 29.

His advice to the consul Æmilius, 39.

He is made chief pontiff, xxiii. 21.

A third time consul, 31.

His actions, 46, 48.

Is consul a fourth time, xxiv. 8.

Acts as lieutenant-general under his son, 44.

Is made consul a fifth time, xxvii. 7.

Prince of the senate, 11.

He takes Tarentum, 15.

Effects a reconciliation between the consuls Livius and Nero, 35.

Opposes Scipio’s design of carrying the war into Africa, xxviii.

40; xxix. 19.

Dies, xxx 26.

Fabius, Q., son of the preceding, prætor, xxiv. 9.

Consul, 43.

Makes his father dismount on approaching him, 44.

Takes Arpi, 46.

————, lieutenant-general, despatched to the senate by Livius, xxviii.

9.

——, Pictor, Q., sent to consult the oracle at Delphi, xxii. 57.

Returns, xxiii. 11.

——, Labeo, Q., prætor, xxxvii. 47.

——, Pictor, Q., flamen of Quirinus, and prætor, xxxvii. 47, 50.

Fabraternians taken into protection by the Romans, viii. 19.

Fabricius Luscinus, C., prætor, xxxiii. 43; xxxvii. 4.

Fæsulæ, xxii. 3.

Faith solemnly worshipped, by order of Numa, i. 21.

Falerine tribe added, ix. 20.

Falerians, or Faliscians, assist the Veians and Fidenatians, iv. 17.

Attack the Roman camp at Veii, v. 8, 13.

Are defeated by Camillus, their camp taken, and their city besieged,

19, 26.

The treacherous schoolmaster is punished, and the town surrenders, 27.

They revive hostilities, vii. 17.

Obtain a truce, 22.

War is proclaimed against them, x. 45.

A truce granted, 46.

Falernian lands, as far as the river Vulturnus, divided among the

commons of Rome, viii. 11.

Fasces do not attend both consuls in the city, ii. 1.

Lowered, in compliment to the people, by Publicola, 7.

Fathers, Conscript, ii. 1. _See_ Senate, Patricians.

Faustulus saves Romulus and Remus, i. 4, 5.

Fecenia, Hispala, a courtesan, discovers the practices of the

Bacchanalians, xxxix. 9, 11, 13.

Is rewarded, 19.

Feralia, festival of the infernal deities, xxxv. 7.

Ferentine grove, i. 50, 52.

Water, 51.

Source of it, ii. 53.

Ferentum, taken by the Romans, x. 34.

Feronia, her temple, i. 30.

Her temple and grove, xxvi. 12; xxvii. 4.

Her temple at Capena struck by lightning, xxxiii. 26.

Fescinine verses, vii. 2.

Ficulnea, i. 3.

Ficulnean, or Nomentan, road, iii. 52.

Fidenæ, colony, i. 27; iv. 17.

Revolts, and is reduced, 22, 33, 34.

Fidenatians make war on the Romans, and are conquered, i. 14.

Again, 27.

Are besieged, ii. 19.

Kill Roman ambassadors, iv. 17.

Are subdued, 33, 34.

Field of Mars, i. 4; ii. 5; vi, 20.

Figtree Ruminal, i. 4; x. 23.

Fires, great, at Rome, xxiv. 47; xxvi. 27.

Flamens instituted by Numa, i. 20.

Flamen of Jupiter must not spend one night out of the city, v. 52.

Flaminian circus, iii. 54; xl. 52.

——, meadows, iii. 54, 63.

Flaminius, C., a second time consul, xxi. 57.

Goes privately to Ariminum, where he assumes the office, 63.

Is killed in the battle of Thrasimene, xxii. 4, 6.

————, quæstor, xxvi. 47.