Good concrete can be mixed by hand or machine. The quantity of concrete
work in prospect is the factor that determines the more economical
method. A small amount (say 100 to 200 cubic yards) does not warrant the
purchase of a machine, but it is often feasible and economical to hire a
machine from a neighbor or contractor if the quantity of concrete to be
placed is more than 15 cubic yards.
A mixer should be purchased only after careful consideration of the
amount and character of the work to be done and the conditions affecting
its use.
The two types of mixers most used are the batch mixer, which mixes
and dumps a definite quantity, and the continuous, which discharges a
constant stream of concrete. The continuous type is not adapted to farm
work unless the concrete can be handled as fast as it is mixed, thus
permitting the machine to work continuously.
[Illustration: Fig. 7.--Home made concrete mixer.]
There are numerous types and various sizes of batch mixers. A one-bag
batch machine is most suitable for general work, though there are smaller
mixers that may prove handy. Some of the smallest sizes are operated by
hand, but the medium and large sizes are power operated. Mixers can be
had with or without the power plant attached and may be stationary or
on wheels, which facilitate moving to different sites. Engines used for
sawing wood, the larger ones used for pumping water, and tractors furnish
sufficient power to operate an average mixer. Figure 7 shows a homemade
mixer built of discarded farm implement parts and operated by the farm
engine.
Directions for operating a mixer are generally furnished with the
machine. The tendency is to use too much water in mixing concrete in a
machine. The consistency of the mixture should be as described under the
heading "Consistency" on page 8. The mixing should be continued for at
least a minute after the drum has been charged, but a better mixture is
secured if two minutes are allowed. At the end of each day's work the
machine should be thoroughly washed, and when not in use it should be
well greased and covered.