[767] Manly, the only editor of preceding texts, who attempts to place
the scenes, prints here: "The audience-chamber of the palace. Clitus
and Parmenio near the door. Timoclea and Campaspe are brought in later
as prisoners. Alexander on the throne, attended by Hephestion." Do not
lines 77-78 suggest that the scene takes place just outside the city
walls, as Alexander returns from conquest; and that the characters
enter one after another?
[768] Plutarch (_Alexander_) says Clitus was of "a churlish nature,
prowde and arrogant." See IV. 315, 357-59. Plutarch mentions Parmenio
(_Alexander_), IV. 354-56.
[769] Lyly softens Plutarch. See IV. 309-10.
[770] "Likewise that shee loseth her light (as the rest of the planets)
by the brightnes of the Sun, when she approcheth neere. For borrowing
wholly of him her light she doth shine." Holland, II. 9.
[771] Old French _singulier_, excellent. F.
[772] 'Staine' for excel. The sense is, "It is for turquoises to excel
one another, not for diamonds, for among the latter there can be no
comparison, since all are perfect."
[773] Lyly refers both to the Persian sun-worshippers and the saying of
Pompey, "More worship the rising than the setting sun."
[774] All preceding texts read 'that which.'
[775] Odyssey, 11.
[776] Fear.
[777] Esteems.
[778] In all things he is that than.
[779] Mentioned in _North's Plutarch_, Nutt, IV. 345, 353, 380.
[780] If it like. See p. 327.
[781] _Sic_ A. and B.; Bl. 'Chyeronte.'
[782] For the dramatic story of Timoclea and the original of this
speech see _North's Plutarch_, Nutt, IV. 310-11.
[783] Worst possible.
[784] Bl. prints this as the name of the speaker.
[785] The market-place. M.
[786] Diogenes brought to Athens an attendant of this name, and
dismissed him for the reasons given p. 296.
[787] Lyly refers blindly to the following: "Seeing a mouse running
over a Room and considering with himself that it neither sought for a
Bed, nor was affraid to be alone in the dark, nor desired any of our
esteemed Dainties, he contrived a way to relieve his own Exigencies;
being the first, as some think, that folded in the Mantle, because his
necessity obliged him to sleep in it." _Lives of Philosophers_, VI.,
402.
[788] The constant application of the epithet "Dog," to Diogenes is
historically correct. When Alexander first went to see the philosopher,
he introduced himself thus: "I am Alexander, surnamed the Great." To
this Diogenes replied: "And I am Diogenes, surnamed the Dog." The
Athenians raised a pillar of Parian marble, surmounted with a dog, to
his memory.
[789] Currish fellow.
[790] Perfect.
[791] Conceits.
[792] Yesterday.
[793] Pun: surpassing, running by.
[794] Bl. prints _Why then, this_; F. _thus_.
[795] This Socratic method foreshadows Shakespeare's clowns and pages.
[796] 'Redes,' teaches.
[797] Pun: painting, substituting false for real.
[798] Bl. omits _a_.
[799] Picture.
[800] Countenances.
[801] Preceding texts read: _And with the riotous_; _with_ printer's
repetition.
[802] Terence, _Eunuchus_, 816.
[803] "All the old editions omit _by_; it appears in Dodsley, and
a sixteenth-century hand inserted it in ink in a copy of the third
edition, now in the Garrick collection." M.
[804] Hash.
[805] Diogenes.
[806] Referring to the bad effect on the voice of eating just before
singing.
[807] Bl. first gave the songs. In Bl. 'Granicus' is below 'Song.'
[808] Besides.
[809] Rabbit.
[810] Alexander's Palace. M. The first part might be there, but the
portion with Diogenes belongs in some public place through which the
philosophers pass, returning from the palace.
[811] Bl. adds here the names of all who enter during the scene.
[812] From Plutarch's account of Aristotle (_Alexander_, IV., 304-306,
363), Lyly borrows only the idea that Alexander, suspecting Aristotle
of treasonable designs, withdrew some of his friendliness.
[813] For his relations with Alexander and Clitus, see North's
_Plutarch_, IV., 359-360.
[814] See Prologue, _Endimion_.
[815] A theoretical cause.
[816] The preceding seven lines roughly sum up the contrasting opinions
of Plato and Aristotle on physical matters.
[817] 'The earth which as a masse swimmeth,' or 'The earth, which is a
masse, swimming'?
[818] Nature that is a creative energy.
[819] C. _knewe_.
[820] Bl. omits _of_.
[821] Instruction.
[822] Alexander "plainly shewed the ill will he bare unto Aristotle,
for that Callisthenes had bene brought up with him, being his kinsman,
and the son of Hero, Aristotle's neece." For the charges against the
philosopher Callisthenes, see North's _Plutarch_, Nutt, IV., 359-363.
[823] Bl. _rulers_, the quartos 'rules.'
[824] The following six questions and answers Lyly selects from nine
in an interview of Alexander with ten wise men of India. North's
_Plutarch_, Nutt, IV., 372-373.
[825] Alexander really spoke thus to Parmenio, but under very different
circumstances. _North's Plutarch_, Nutt, IV., 332-333.
[826] Bl. _thrall_.
[827] Neither the quartos nor Bl. mark this entrance. In the Garrick
copy of C. a contemporary of Lyly, W. Neile, noted it in ink. If
Diogenes enters here, he goes to the farther side of the stage. The
philosophers at once cross to him. Possibly he comes on at any time
during the preceding dialogue, and going quietly to his part of the
stage, waits till the philosophers see him and cross.
[828] See _Lives of Philosophers_, 1696, 401.
[829] "You pretend to be better than you are, for you do not at heart
object to counterfeiting," or, possibly, "Since you do not gain money
by counterfeiting, you live falsely, for you have no adequate means of
support."
[830] Mad.
[831] Editors, following Bl., have made the second act begin here, but
would Diogenes go out only to come on at once? Bl. printed 'Diogenes,
Psyllus,' etc. To the stage direction M. adds 'And Citizens.'
[832] This line is Lyly's rather vague reference to the search of
Diogenes for an honest man.
[833] Almost the words of Diogenes. See _Lives of Philosophers_, VI.,
423.
[834] Yesterday.
[835] "Seeing once a little Boy drinking Water out of the Hollow of
his Hand, he took his little Dish out of his Scrip, and threw it away,
saying: This little boy hath out-done me in frugality."--_Lives of
Philosophers_, VI., 412.
[836] Bl. omits _I_. The quartos give it.
[837] Preceding editions _of_.
[838] "In old musical treatises harmony is frequently termed a consent
of instruments." F.
[839] Fiddle.
[840] Bl. _ala._ M. corrects.
[841] The Market-place. M.
[842] Preceding editions, _Scæna Secunda_.
[843] Bl. added 'Diogenes, Apelles.'
[844] See _Epistle Dedicatorie, Euphues and his England_.
[845] Ovid, _Fasti_, II. 305.
[846] Horses covered with defensive armor.
[847] Did this suggest:--
"Grim-visaged war hath smooth'd his wrinkled front;
And now,--instead of mounting barbed steeds
To fright the souls of fearful adversaries,--
He capers nimbly in a lady's chamber,
To the lascivious pleasing of a lute!"--_Rich. III_. I. 1. Do.
[848] "All precious stones in general are improved in brilliancy by
being boiled in honey, Corsican honey more particularly."--_Hist. of
World_, XXXVII. 74. Bohn.
[849] Mullet.
[850] Cornish for brill and turbot.
[851] "Deceived and intoxicated with unreasoning affection." F.
[852] Refute.
[853] During the preceding dialogue Diogenes has probably come in with
his tub. Going to a remote part of the stage, he has put it down and
crawled into it.
[854] For the original of this scene and for some of the speeches,
see _North's Plutarch_, IV. 311-312, Nutt; see also _Lives of
Philosophers_, VI. 413.
[855] Does Diogenes go out here, or crawl into his tub, to emerge when
Crysus speaks to him, III. iii?
[856] The house of Apelles: first inside, then in front.
[857] Flatter.
[858] Homely face.
[859] If you give up in despair.
[860] Flatter.
[861] Longing, caused by her beauty, will take the color from his face.
[862] Bl. and later editors mark a new scene here. Stage direction in
Bl. 'Psyllus, Manes.'
[863] As lean as Diogenes himself? Query: 'Dropped him'? The phrase
suggests, "As like as if he had been spit out of his mouth" for "exact
image." Kittredge.
[864] Manes mimics each sound.
[865] F. inserts _to_ before _one_.
[866] Impudent replies.
[867] _Oyez._
[868] Psyllus, when he comes to "flie," breaks off incredulous. Manes
gives the word.
[869] Preceding editions, _tertia_. The Studio of Apelles.
[870]
"But her eyes!
How could he see to do them?" _M. of V._ III. ii.
[871] Does Campaspe playfully close her eyes here?
[872] Pun: to paint and to hide. Campaspe is posing nude.
[873] Perfect.
[874] Lyly is thinking of the work of Arachne, who challenged Minerva
to a trial of skill with the needle, and represented the amours of
Jupiter named. Ovid., _Meta._ VI. 1.
[875] Preceding editions _quarta_. As M. notes, Apelles and Campaspe
busy themselves with the picture at one side of the stage. A new scene
is hardly necessary. Bl. 'Clytus, Parmenio, Alexander, Hephestion,
Crysus, Diogenes, Apelles, Campaspe.'
[876] Remain undecided.
[877] The modern "long arm of the Law."
[878] Bl. omits _not_; A. gives it.
[879] _North's Plutarch_, Nutt, IV. 303-304, 351, 369-370.
[880] Bl. _of_; F. _or of_. M. corrects as in text.
[881] Diogenes enters before Crysus; or, more probably, has been on the
stage in his tub since II. 1. See p. 301.
[882] In this and the next line, the speakers refer to the popular idea
that true Cynics despised money.
[883] Fourpence. Often used for a very small sum.
[884] In Attica about $1000.
[885] As Alexander calls, he is supposed to enter the house of Apelles.
See p. 306, note 875.
[886] Arellius? Mentioned, Holland, XXXV. 10. No painter Aurelius is
known.
[887] Pun: technical knowledge and manual skill, and guileful. Apelles
thinks of his need to conceal his passion.
[888] For the original of this see Holland, XXXV. 7.
[889] Looks, with something of the sense of attractions.
[890] At this time it was fashionable to dye the hair yellow in
compliment to the natural color of the Queen's hair. F.
[891] A description simple because ancient armour lacked the varied
markings of Elizabethan coats-of-arms.
[892] Loveliness.
[893] Ornamental arrangements of flower-beds.
[894] Harmony.
[895] The charcoal with which Alexander is drawing.
[896] The old pictures were painted on wooden panels.
[897] For the suggestion for this scene, see Holland, XXXV. 10.
[898] Go as I wish.
[899] "Modesty tempered in yielding by a contrasting emotion." F.
[900] Preceding editions _quinta_. Before the house of Apelles. Is a
division needed? Apelles might remain when Alexander and Hephestion
leave, and just before Psyllus cries "Away, Manes," see his page and
move toward him. Bl. 'Psyllus, Manes, Apelles.'
[901] Bl. _Hast thou hast._ F. and M. strike out the first _hast_. Is
it not more likely that the second is the mistake?
[902] "Alexander streightly forbad by express edict, that no man should
draw his portrait in colours but Apelles the painter: that none should
engrave his personage but Pyrgoteles, the graver: and last of all, that
no workman should cast his image in brasse but Lysippus a founder,"
Holland, VII. 1.
[903] Apelles addresses here and in l. 44 a picture of Venus, which he
really left unfinished. Holland, XXXV. 11.
[904] Canopy
[905] Basilisk, Holland, VIII. 21.
[906] "Do I say paint what not (what is not) Apelles? What are all
these--sighs, wounds, etc., but Apelles himself?"
[907] _Cullises_, strengthening jellies.
[908] The market-place. M.
[909] Bl. adds 'Manes, Diogenes, Populus.'
[910] Ovid, _Meta._ VIII.
[911] Guy him.
[912] Diogenes has probably been in his tub since his dialogue with
Crysus, p. 308.
[913] M. suggests 'Yee.' See next line.
[914] Sow the inedible and weed out the edible.
[915] Shut up as if precious.
[916] "In falconry _sealed_ means blinded." Do.
[917] Railed at.
[918] For conduct of Diogenes similar to this scene see _Lives of
Philosophers_, VI. 405.
[919] Diogenes refers to ll. 50-54, p. 315. Throughout Diogenes is very
like a Cynic as described in Lucian's "Sale of the Philosophers."
[920] Diogenes, thinking of himself as older than most of the crowd and
wiser than any, names himself, apparently, in 'thy father.' "Diogenes
need fear no curs like you, but you need fear a rating from me."
[921] Decrepit persons.
[922] A room in the palace. M. Why not the house of Apelles, into which
the painter and Campaspe go after the last lines of the scene?
[923] Bl. 'Campaspe, Apelles.'
[924] Bl., 'aswell.'
[925] "Apelles would have no dissembling in real love, but only in the
simulated love he despises." F.
[926] The palace. M.
[927] Pretext.
[928] "For the sound of the war trumpet, the voice of the singer." F.
[929] A large and usually ornamental drinking cup, made especially for
the dresser or sideboard. The chief guest at an entertainment or the
presiding dignitary was served from it.
[930] An engraving in Alciati's _Emblems_, representing bees swarming
into the face-guard of a helmet probably provided this simile. F.
[931] Gloves were worn in the hat for three purposes,--as the favor of
a mistress, the memorial of a friend, and as a mark to challenge an
enemy.
[932] Destroy.
[933] To dance in a slow and stately fashion.
[934] Studio of Apelles.
[935] Bl., one word.
[936] Preceding editions, following Bl., read 'Campaspe alone.' It is
much more natural to suppose that while she is crossing the stage,
Apelles lingers on one side, watching her. When she goes out, he speaks.
[937] Preceding editions, _Actus quartus. Scæna quinta_; Bl. 'Apelles,
Page.'
[938] See note 61, p. 309.
[939] The market-place. M.
[940] Bl. puts 'Diogenes' before 'Sylvius.'
[941] For the originals of this and the first, third, fourth,
fifth, and sixth of Diogenes's speeches which follow see _Lives of
Philosophers_, VI. 406, 415, 417, 418, 424, 428, 431.
[942] Dost thou _not_?
[943] Readiest.
[944] Bl. omits _to_. F. and M. insert it. Query, 'sings'?
[945] Of course the Song falls into three stanzas, with divisions at
ll. 35, 39.--_Gen. Ed._
[946] These lines illustrate well how the memory of Shakespeare
caught and held the best in the lines of others. Here, scattered
through several lines, is the first line of the well-known song in
_Cymbeline_:--
3 4
"None but the larke so shrill and cleare.
5 6 7
How at heavens gats she claps her wings,
8
The morne not waking till she sings!
1 2
Heark, heark, with what a pretty throat
Poore Robin Red-breast tunes his note!"
[947] Not only _enraptured_, but with reference to the story of
Philomela, Ovid, _Meta._ VI.
[948] Warbler.
[949]'Gate' as in Shakespeare? The 's' from 'she'?
[950] For the original of this see _Lives of Philosophers_, VI. 426.
[951] Studio of Apelles.
[952] Bl. and later editors, _Apelles alone_.
[953] "Be content to live with thy love unexpressed, and to die with it
undiscovered."
[954] Quartos and Bl. _thy_. Corrected by Do.
[955] The market-place. M.
[956] Bl. adds 'Diogenes.'
[957] For the purpose.
[958] Bl. _know_.
[959] Contemptible.
[960] Steel cuirasses.
[961] In Kent _rate_ is used for call away, off. F.
[962] If nothing were paid.
[963] Milectus threatens to strike Diogenes.
[964] The market-place. M.
[965] Bl. adds 'Diogenes, Apelles, Campaspe.'
[966] Ovid, _Meta._ X. 9.
[967] Earlier editions, _his wooden swanne_, borrowing the first two
words from the line above. See note, p. 305.
[968] M. suggests 'covet.'
[969] A. 'skilleth.'
[970] In Lyly's time 'cabin' seems to have been used vaguely for any
rude dwelling.
[971] A sketch for a picture, or the plan for a building. F.
[972] M., phrasing as in the text, says: "In Bl. these two words (each
standing at the end of a line) are interchanged. F. prints as I do,
but, as he has no note, I do not know whether he followed one of the
older editions, or corrects by conjecture."
[973] Frame your excuses clumsily.
[974] Bl., two words.
[975] "But my surmise is mischievous."
[976] Bl. _though conquer_. F. added the 'he.'
[977] See _Euphues and his England_, Arber, 256.
[978] Patching.
[979] "What good reckoning Alexander made of him, he shewed by one
notable argument; for having among his courtesans one named Campaspe,
whom he fancied especially in regard as well of that affection of his
as her incomparable beauty, he gave commandement to Apelles to draw
her picture all naked; but perceiving Apelles at the same time to be
wounded with the like dart of love as well as himself, he bestowed her
on him most frankly. Some are of opinion that by the patterne of this
Campaspe, Apelles made the picture of Venus Anadyomene." Holland, XXXV.
10. The name really was Pancaste.
[980] Alexander refers to the unfavorable comment of Apelles on his
drawing, p. 310, l. 109.
[981] F. _on_.